Strands of Lenguage b1 PartI(b) Spravna

2> Reorder lhe elemenfs given below so ds lo formmeon¡ngful sentences

a) new / often / biological I the I insights / f i lms / contain.

with / switchboard I of I transmission I anl was / hour / the / sti l l /the /calls / BBC I afler / jammed.

c/ time / it / was / ornithologists / the I for I certainly / at /, / fascinating.

d) tew / of / foxes lfamily / also / their / secrets / have / revealed / a.

e/ back/ sound /were / to / p icture / and / t ransmit ted /studio / a/mobile.

f) being /what / stephen Harris / was / waiting /to / seen / zoologistI was ldescribe.

g) able/ body / cubs I not I such / regulate / temperatures / their/ yetI are l to / young.

h / v i x e n / c l o s e / w a s / t h a t / s t a y l t h e l w o u l d / a s s u m e d l t o l i l lthem.

ORAL PRODUCTION: Answer lhe followingquesf¡ons

a) Why do wildl i fe f i lm-makers need to be "intrepid, ingenious,resourceful, and patient"?

UNIT 5: WILDLIFE EXPERIENCE 137

3)

b) Why do photographers have to get their cameras into the animals'homes?

c) How interested is the public in seeing wildlife programs? Explainyour answer.

d) What techniques were used to record the behavior of foxes?

e) What did they find out about the behaviour of the vixen towardsher cubs?

f) Do you think wildlife programs are worthwhile, or are they anintrusion on nature?

D) TACKHNG VOCABUTARY

1) Find the words or phroses ¡n fhe iext thqf me<rnthe follow¡ng

138 sTRANDS oF LANGUAGE (Br-nART r)

testpersuade

interpret

succeed

witness

install

acceptjam

digest

gnp

swallow

operate

2> Now find the oppos¡tes or neqr oppos¡tes oflhese word$ in the texf

a) probable

b) failed

c) reject

d) boring

e) completely

0 prerecorded

g) attic

h) constantly

3) Complete fhese $enlences by filling in lheblonks wifh one of the following verbs in theqppfoprisfe fense:

d/

b)

c)

d)

e)

They really didn't want to go out, but f inally hethem to.

As she was the only person to - the crime, thepolice questioned her for hours.

Because of the bad weather, the roads were completelywith cars.

He ate so quafterwards.

We just can'tdark.

ickly that he couldn't

in this office; it is too small and

UNIT 5; WILDLIFE EXPERIENCE 139

his food

His

f)

g)

h)

He his umbrellatightly because he wasafraid it would blow away in the wind.

She found it very difficult to the poem, as thelanguage and images were quite complex.After they bought ther computer, a man came the next day to

it in their house.

She could hardlydisgusting.

He refused to

the medicine, il tasted so

the money I offered him; hesaid that he never borrowed from other people.

i)

i)

k) Hefailed the second.

4> Complefe thesenoun from lhose

in passing the first exam, but then he

senfences using lhe oppropr¡otelisted below

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

f)

s)very hard work.

140 STRANDS oF LANGUAGE (Bt-pART t)

His at the party was really embarrassing; heargued with everybody all the time.

I was so late that I missed almost all of the play; I only caught aof the final scene.

In springtime, the birds always buildroof of our house.

on the piano is quite extraordinary; Ihave never seen anybody play so fast.

on the

The of a good teacher include patience,intelligence, and creativity.

Because she rarely used the telephone, her bil l was much smallerto theirs.

Her was to wash all the dishes. and it was

qualities

behaviortask

nestproportíon stage

h) They thought he would never be a famous singer, but_ loved him and bought all his records.

i ) In order to escape from prison, he decided to dig aunderneath the wall.

At the f inal

the

of his journey, he was so tired hethought he would never get home.

5) Try io explo¡n lhe ditference in meqning belweenthe follow¡ng groups of phroses. (Noie theqdverbs ond od¡ecl¡ves ore oll from lhe fext)

1. a) an unlikely success

b) a partial success

2. a) a fascinating program

b) alive program

3. a) occasionally happy

b) partially happy

4. a) an unlikely event

d an occasional event

ó) Give synonyms from lhe fext for the words olphrsses in brtrckets. The lines included of theend of eoch senlence w¡ll help you find fhem

a) | can'l understand now why I said I would go on holiday with them,but (at that moment) it seemed like a goodidea.

b) He didn't have enough money to buy food, so he had to (not eat)unti l he was paid.

c) Many people think that learning English is (extremely important)for being successful at work.

d) | don't knowwhat the weather will be like for the party, but(hopeful ly) i t won't rain.

UNIT 5:WILDLIFE EXPERIENCE l4l

e/ The scene (finishing)

park and (took pictures)flowers.

2. examine, try.

3. part of a house belowground level.

4. not probably.

5. be present and see.

ACROSS

process food in thestomach.

not completely, partly.job, commitment.

direct, broadcast at thesame moment.


that she was sti l l crying when she left the cinema.f) | don't always enjoy my job, but (generally speaking)

I am happy with it.g/ When he dropped the vase, it (came apart into bits)

and he couldn't f ix it.

h) They sat (at the rear)

the fi lm was so sad,

of the theatre because

of the trees

6. share, part.

8. take in down the throat.

13. method of doing somelhing,technical skil l .

15. underground passage.

10. now and then, somet imes.

1 1. very interesting, captivating.

12. vigilant observation.

14. bird 's home.

16. t ime, phase.

they couldn't get tickets any further fonruard.

i) | might decide in the future to buy a new car but (at this point int ime) I can't afford it.

j) lt was such a beautiful day that he took his video camera to theand

7, $olve lhe crossword us¡ng lhe clues below.Discuss fhe meqn¡ngs wilh your clossmofes

DOWN

1 .

6 .

7 .

9 .

UNIT 5: WILDLIFE EXPERIENCE

E)

r )

br_s-rt e r

-n,r,sh_ldert-els_pc r ntl-er

NOW HOW'S YOUR SPEIUNG?

The groplgme ou such qs we find if in ingenious,resourceful, behaviaur ot previously con éqsily beconfused with oril, qs ¡n showed. Do you knowwhich of lhese words toke oul ow? F¡ll in fheblqnk spqces with fhe correct form. look up ihepronunciolion in your dictionofy where necessory

2> The homophone of the word n,hole"is o'whole". In lhe fext lhey qre bofh used

...a nest hole which had a glass plate at the back...; ...theimpossible-looking task of swallowing the fish whole .

Although these words are pronounced the same, the spell ing andmeaning are absolutely different so it is important not to confuse thém.

144 STRANDS oF LANGUAGE (Bt-pART D

WORD HOMOPHONE WORD HOMOPHONE

flee aloud

steel stationery

pail principal

here veil

atr whether

f ind groan

tail hour

Now,lry to find the homophones of the following words and writethem in the corresponding box:

t) AND... HOW'$ YOUR FORMAT¡ONOF WORD$?

t ) Mcny compound word$ oppeqr in fhis texln suchos "wi ld l i fe" , 'n f i lmmokefsnno u 'cdmefomen","swifchboord". Put the words f rom the fwocolumns fogefher to form compound nouns ündlhen include f hem und€r the Eppropr iqteheoding; check your dictionsry ¡f necesscry

traffic

well

week

self

green

wíndow

end

meant

coming

lights

house

glasses

UNIT 5: WILDLIFE EXPERIENCE | 45

ff,'f

'*¡:¡tu

shortsunwide

black

easy

good

shopping

looking

going

spread

board

control

NOUN + NOUN ADJ./ADV. + (VERB) ADJ. + NOUN

GRAMMAR CAPSULE: Abstrqcl Nouns

Abstract nouns ending in: -(a)tion | -ment

Abstract nouns describe qualities or ideas, as opposed to concretenouns, which describe real things. The suffixes -(a)tion / -ment can beadded to adjectives, nouns or verbs to form abstract nouns.

The suffix -(a)tion is added to verbs to express the action orcondition of. Notice the following examples.

146 STRANDS oF LANGUAGE (Br-pART t)

Verb Abstract noun

imagine

assume

imagination

assumption

The suffix -ment is added to verbs to express the action or resultof something. Notice the following examples:

Verb r Abstract noun

excite I excitementindict I indictment

2) Affer reqding fhe grommqr cqpsule obove,prov¡de the sbslrqcf noun of fhe verbs in lhetsble

UNIT 5: WILDLIFE EXPERIENCE | 47

VERB ABSTRACTNOUN VERB ABSTRACT

NOUN

explore inform

arrange excite

amaze promote

fix judge

embody define

ratify argue

organrze starve

c) USING ENGTISH APPROPRIATETYAND PUTTING IT INTO MOTION

I ) The word since oppeqrs severql fimes in fhe lexf.In some cqses it meons becsuse

E.g . :

Since what they do in their various homes can be of key importance....

Since such young cubs are not yet able to regulate their bodytemperatures, it was assumed that...

Yet, in other examples it refers to a point in time:

Since then, similar techniques have been used many times... .

ln this sense, since should not be confused with for.

After reading the grammar capsule, do the exercise below:

GRAMMAR CAPSULE: Time prepos¡tions/con¡uncfions: since f for

Since: When used as a preposition, ,since occurs almostexclusively as a preposition of time. Time adverbials introduced bysince normally require the Present Perfect (perfective aspect) in theverb of the main clause.

E.g.: I have been running my own company since 1996

Since may be followed by:

a) a noun phrase: since last year, since the 2008 tinancial crisis

b) a non-finite -ing clause without subject: since moving to Rome

c) a finite clause: since the crisis began

Since may mean either a) duration or b) time-when, depending onthe kind of verb used in the main clause:

a) I have remained in the same educational system (ever) sinceI was 3 years o/d. (stative verb -+ duration)

148 STRANDS oF LANGUAeE (Bt-pART t)

b) They have travelled to Australia ten times since 2000.(Dynamic verb -+ time-when)

Since can also be a conjunction (i.e. a connector of structuremeaning "because" or "considering that") and, therefore, it is importantto pay attention to its function within the sentence. In the text we canfind some instances of the use of since as a conjunction:

Since what they do in their various homes can be of keyimportance [...]

Since such young cubs are not yet able to regulate their bodytemperatures, it was assumed that [...]

For:The preposition for is used:

a) To refer to a period of time E.g.: for three weeks, for ages, ehc.b) To indicate purpose. E.g: He did it for the love of money.c) To indicate destination. E.g.: We headed tor the Lake District.d) To indicate support. E.g: I'm for the new Health Reform law.

Now, fill in the blank spaces with either for or since=

He hasn't telephoned Monday.

Peter cooked the meat five minutes.

The weather report said it might rainmore days.

d/ Sue has been running the business everfather died.

This is a very old car, l've had it ages.

last month we haven't been allowed to enterthis building becauseit is being decorated.

It 's been a long time I last saw Jim.I haven't gone to the theatre a long time.

He has been complaining evermorning.

he got up this


a)

b)

c)

e)

0

s)h)

i)

three

her

i)k)

I can only stay ten more minutes.

They have worked together 1 990.

2> Some words usuqlly lqke q cerfoin preposilion toform expressions such qs: or/r/sy ffom, pieees ot

Match the following l ist of words with the appropriatepreposition:

WORD PHEP..

3) Exqmine fhe use of ihe qusnlifiers a liltle snd dfew wilh mqss qnd counl nouns

"The private l ife of the kingfisher became a l itt le more public when..."Foxes have also revealed a few of their family secrets...".

GRAMMAR CAPSU LE: Quonlifiers:(a) IiIIte / (o) Íew ffi

There are mass and count nouns. The type of quantifier we usewith the noun depends on this general characteristic. Few and a feware used with count nouns whereas little and a little are used withmass nouns.

The distinction between one or the other within these two pairsis based on the speakers' positive or negative way of looking atth ings:

150 sTRANDS oF LANGUAGE (Bt-pART t)

a) The indefinite determiners a tew and a little are used when thespeaker sees the situation from a positive point of view:

E.g.: We have run out of apples, but we still have a tewbananas to make shakes for all the children (= several)You still have €200 this month, so you have a little moneyto cope with any unexpected events. (= some)

b) Conversely, few and little are used when the speakerperceives the situation from a negative point of view:

E.g.: Few people can live like you. (= almost no one)

Since I have to work so much, I have little time forsocializing. (= hardly anY time)

Some expressions with (a) little and (a) fevn

little or nothing (hardly anything)

every few days (once in a few days)

little by little (slowly)

not a little (a great deal of)

a good few / quite a few (a considerable number)

After reading the grammar capsule, complete the followingsentences by adding little, a little, few, a few in the blank spacesbelow:

a) | have to give the taxi-driver a tip, do you havecoins?

There are onlyb)

c) I'm afraid there isit is a terminal disease.

Until July there are verybeaches of Alicante.

e) There is veryplease add some more?

people in the l iving-room.

the doctors can do since

tourists on the

sugar in this drink, would you

UNIT 5: WILDLIFE EXPERIENCE l5l

d)

f)

s)Would you like more milk in your tea?

th ings lwant

about the accident because

minutes unt i l I f in ish th is

harm because no

wine left in the bottle.

Wait a minute!There are quiteto talk to you about before you

h) He knows veryhe wasn't there when it happened.

Could you waitreport?

What he says can do usone pays much attention to him any more.

people study Greek nowadays.Would you like

There is sti l l

potatoes with your meat?

leave.

i)

i)

k)

t)m)

n) people were waiting at the door to meet thepresident.

4> Severol <rdverbs of frequency qppeor ¡n the textsuch ds often, dlwdys, never, occasionally

Rewrite these sentences including an adverb from those inbrackets in the correct place:

a) Mary is chatting on MSN instead of doing her homework; that iswhy she is doing so poorly at school (seldom, always, hardlyever).

b/ I normally leave the gymnasium before he arrives, so I see himthere (sometimes, hardly ever, usually).

c,) We go out for lunch on Sundays because my mother doesn't l iketo cook (always, never, seldom).

d) | phone her now that she is abroad because it is too expensive(never, usually, occasionally).


e) We go on vacation because we can'l afford it (seldom, usually,frequently).

I didn't watch lhe science fiction fi lm because I enjoy this kind offilms (hardly ever, always, often).

g) | have complained to the manager but he doesn't seem to be doinganything to solve the problem (frequently, never, seldom).

h) My parents come to my house on Sunday afternoons when theyare in town (nearly always, seldom, hardly ever).

5) Nofice lhe relsfive clouse in the texl"...the locations that they have to operate in".

The preposition can never precede the pronoun that but it canprecede which, who, or whom.

E.g.: The locations in which they have to operate.

But this is a more formal style used mainly in written language.

Rewrite the following sentences so that the preposition does notappear in front of the relative pronoun and leave the pronoun outwhenever possible to make it more informal:

E.g. : That 's the man with whom lwork.

That's the man I work with.

a) This is the painting for which they have paid so much money.

b/ This is the store in which I bought all our furniture.


c/ John is the neighbour with whom I went on holiday.

d) Mr. Smith is the teacher from whom I borrowed the book.

e) The pub in which we met dates from 1865.

0 The town in which he was born is in the North of England.

g) The man to whom I spoke was very helpful.

h) The company for which we work is very small.

i) The person from whom he heard the news was his sister.

j) The knife with which he cut himself was very sharp.

ó) Notice the expression at the time,Include one oflhe follow¡ng possib¡l¡ties in fhe blonk spqcesbelow (check your dicÍionory ¡f needed)

on time

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

The children were sti l l sleeping

Please be

I arrived.

to see the

because I'm in a hurry.

I think I would l ike to f ind a new job.

lf you leave now you'll arrivebeginning of the film no matter how much traffic there is.

many buses in Spain had two floors.

154 STRANDS oF LANGUAGE (Br-pART r)

7, lnserl fhe follow¡ng prepositions from fhe texf infhe blonks belowi o,bout, wilh, by, an, after, for,Írom, unlil

a/ Wait me at the airport

b)

c)

This store is open

l've heard a lot

nine a.m. to s ix p.m.

the new doctor

h)

my friends.

d) John went a walk in the woodsall the dogs.

e,) You will have to wait this afternoon if youwant me to go you to the chemist.

f) | expect to have f i n i shed t h o i roningfour o'clock.

g) | hope you are not counting staying outyour friends midnight.

you finish your work we can go outa while to do some jogging.

lam always up nine o'clock.He was so absorbed his work that he didn'trealize I was in the room I spoke.

k) For once, try to be time. You are alwaysten or f ifteen minutes late.

l) He is to arrive. Can you waita few minutes?

m/ She received a lovely present her friendsher birthday.

TIME TO RELAX: Now, let's relax, sit down, and watch someinteresting videos in connection with the topic of this unit:

http ://www.youtu be. co m/watch ?v= uj N4os R 022 E&featu re= re latedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch ?v=qDvH lSztj6M&feature=channelh ttp ://www. yo u t u be. co m/watc h ?v= B 7 1 T*G pA2A M &f e at u re = c h a n n e I


i)

i)

Self-Evaluation Unit 5

| ) Choose the besf opfion to complete themeon¡ng of lhe following sentences

1. You should chew vour food well before

a) eating

2. He

b) to swallow c) swallowing d) to digest

the crime but was afraid to cal l the police.

a) witnessed b) looked c) seen d) to see

3. lf she doesn't want to go to the party, nothing you say

a) convincing b)

her.

wil l accomplish c) wil l assure d) wil l

4. The show was very interesting and it reallyattention of the spectators.

persuade

the

a) accomplished b) gotten c) gripped d) to get

in the5. lf he doesn't study more, I don't think hef inals.

a) wi l lsucceed

b) would c) wil l approve d) wouldsucceed accomplish

corfecl pfepos¡f¡onfor eoch of these2> Choose thewords

1. fami l ia r

a) with

2. t ired

a) with

3. grateful

a) with

b) of

b) of

b) of

c) for

c) for

c) for

d) from

d) from

d) from

l5ó STRANDS oF LANGUAGE Gt-PART t)

4 .

5 .

different

a) with

disappointed

a) with

b) of

b) of

c) for

c) for

d) from

d) from

3) Choose lhe eorrecf option to complete fhemeon¡ng of lhese sentences

1. There were onlywe arrived.

a) little

people in the room by the time

b) a little c) few d) a few

2. Very of what Mary said made any sense to us.a) little

3. I know quite


parents who have made the samemistake.

a) little

4. John is among thematter.

a) little


fr iends I can rely on in this

b) a l i t t le c) few d) a few

while to cleanup5. lf we hurry it wil l only take usall this mess.

a) l i tt le b) a little c) few d) a few

4> Ghoose the correcf option to complete fheme(Ining of these senfences

1. He's never

a) on time

2.

we always have to wait for him.b) in the time c) at the time d) at t imes

I feel l ike quitt ing this job because I don't agree

b) In time c) At the time d) At t imes

with my boss.

a) At one time


3. He arrived just to catch the 6 o'clock train.a) at one time b) in time c) at the time d) at t imes

4. Staying with them seemed l ike the right thing to do

a) on time b) in time c) at the time d) in the time

Picasso lived in this house in Málaga.

b) In the time c) At the times d) On timea) At one time

| 58 STRANDS oF LANGUAGE (Bt-PART D

5.

UNIT 6=TANDSCAPE AND THE ARTS

A) WARMING UP1) Are you fond of art in general? What's your favorite type of arI?2) Do you like painting? Who is your favorite artist?3) Have you ever painted a landscape? lf so, describe the

experience.

B) ORAI DISCOURSE: EXPRESSIN9 PERSONATOPINIONS. GIVING DETAILS ABOUT FAMOUSPEOPTE'S BIOGRAPHIES

GAN DOs: l) Speak about likes and distikes.

2) Describe landscapes/seascapes/skyscapes.

3) Answer questions related to your (or otherpeople's) life.

q) Lisfen to fhe following conversqt¡on befweenJulie qnd Wil l iqm

(Will iam is painting using an oil-on-canvass technique.mother's friend, Julie, comes into his studio)

UNIT ó: LANDSCAPE AND THE ARTS I óI

Julie: Hi Will, I just wanted to say hello and...(She looks at hispaint ing). . . . . . Wow!! l Look at that !What a beaut i fu l landscape! | d idn' tknow you were such a good artist, you sneaky boyl This was indeeda hidden aspect of your personality!

Will iam: Well... I don't go around bragging about my talents, youknow...

J: I see, but you must have studied at a very good school or with avery good teacher...

W: No, no, as a matter of fact, I haven't gone to any school of arts.I 've learned from the T.V. lessons given by Bob Ross.

J: Bob Ross? Who's Bob Ross?

W:You don' t know him?? Wel l , in my opinion, he is one of the bestlandscape painters in this country, yóu know, and an even betterperson. I have not only learnt to paint landscapes with him, but also toapproach life from a different, better, calmer, and healthierperspective...

J:Well, that sounds fantastic! | wish I had a teacher l ike that! Whatchannel is his show on? l 'd love to see it!

W: Uhh...he's on Public Television, and his program is called "Thejoy of painting". lt 's really a pleasure to see him painting andsimultaneously making you feel good by giving you advice about thepainting techniques, AND about l i fe in general...

J: Wow, l 'm curious about this. What kind of advice does he qiveyou about l i fe?

W:Well, he always says things l ike:"lf you feel good about yourselfand the wor ld, i t wi l l show in your paint ing". . . or " l f i t 's not fun, thenyou're doing the wrong thing". . . .

J: I see.. . I couldn' t agree more with him.

W: Also, he never wants you to consider you've made a mistake ifyour results are not perfect at the beginning: He says we shouldconsider mistakes as "happy accidents" from which we can learn...lsn ' t that enl ightening?

J: lt sure is! Where's Bob Ross from?

W: Well, he was born and raised in Florida, but then he l ived formany years in Alaska. Alaska... yes....that was his favourite landscapeinspiration.... He always said that "God was having a good day whenhe made Alaska", and l 've learnt to love Alaska through his eyes, you


know, in spite of the fact that I've never had the opportunity to visitstate.

J:Well, i t 's fascinating to see how an art instructor has had such apositive influence on his disciples... ls he sti l l alive?

W: No, no, unluckily, he isn't. He died of cancer in 1995... But hehas left an artistic and human legacy that wil l make him remain alivein the heart of everyone who was fortunate enough to know him orlearn from him... And now, through his videos, thank God the youngergenerations of artists are sti l l able to receive his legacy...

J:Well, i t 's a very touchy-feely story... You've made my day with it!

b) Now discuss the following with your fufor orclossmtrles in lhe forum/virfuql clEss

1) Do you think Will considers himself a good painter?2) Would you like to have a teacher l ike Bob Ross? Explain why or

why not.

3) How would you describe Julie?4) What do you think Bob Ross meant when he said that "God was

having a good day when he made Alaska"?5) Explain what the following expressions mean: "l don't go around

bragging";"it 's a touchy-feely story";"you've made my day with it!"

c) MUITI-TASK|NG ACTtVtTtE$LANDSCAPE: WATCH, WRITE, READ, LISTEN and STUDY

Additional CAN DOs:

1) read straightforward factual narrative and descriptive texts with asatisfactory level of comprehension;

2) write a description of a landscape/seascape/skyscape.

UNIT ó: LANDSCAPE AND THE ARTS I ó3

Step 1. WRITTEN PRODUCTION: Go on the internet and LOOK at thelandscapes by Van Gogh in the following webpage, CHOOSE one ofthem, and then WRITE a description of it. Explain the reason why youchose that one and not the others.

http:/i images^ google.es/i mages?hl=es&source-hp&q=landscapes+by+Van+Gog h &btnG=Bu scar +imo/"C3%Algenes&g bv=!g¿¿q=fft eq=

DESCRIPTION OF MY CHOSEN LANDSCAPE:

Step 2. READ the related text and LISTEN to its spoken version to makesure you know how to pronounce and give the correcl intonation to it.

164 STRANDS oF LANGUAGE (Bt-IART t)

UNIT ó: LANDSCAPE AND THE ARTS

sentence mosf qccurotely occording to theideqs expressed in the texl

Sfep 3. DO the following exercises:

| ) Ghoose the option fhqt completes eqch

Beavers build dams because...

a) they are good for fishing.

b,) they like cutting trees.

c/ they need them to survive.

Man alters his surroundings...

a) tor economic reasons.

b) tor aesthetic reasons.

c) as a way of survival.

This nonfunctional concept of nature...

a,) differentiates humans from animals.

b) approaches humans to animals.

c) is not a characteristic human feature.

Man finds pleasures in holidays...

a,) because he eats more and drinks more.

b/ because he likes crowded places.

c) because they mean a change in setting.

People nowadays do prefer...

a) a poor house in good surroundings.

b) a good house in not so good surroundings.

c) flats rather than houses.

2> Include lhe word thqt best fits the conlext

a) Man has deliberately changed histhe ages.

166 STRANDS oF LANGUAGE (Br-pART r)

1 .

2.

3 .

4.

5.

through

b/ Human have a non-practical concept ofreasons.nature. They alter it for

c/ The main reason why man enjoys holidays is because he l ikes toexperience a different

d) lf man had a practical concept of holidays, he wouldn't travel toplaces which are usually much less

than his house.e,) According to social standards, a poor house in good surroundings

is preferred to a better house with no

3) ORAI PRODUCTION: Try fo complele -in youl ownwords- fhe following sfqlemenls occording lothe fexf

a) Man is the only species who

b,) This non-practical concept of nature is one ofc) Our pleasure in holidays is mainly based ond/ Most of what we do on our holidays ise) We don't usually l ike holidays at home becausef) Environment plays an important part ing) We pay a higher price for _ than

4> WRITTEN PRODUCTION: Write tr shoil fexf with thehelp of fhe following noles

man alter environment, aesthetic reasons, only species.pleasure in holidays: different setting, same entertainments.crowded, uncomfortable places (worse than home).value surroundings: house / f lat with a view preferred, higher price.

UNIT ó; LANDSCAPE AND THE ARTS 167

D)

r )

TACKLING VOCABULARY

Nolice fhe similorities qnd d¡fferences ¡nmeon¡ng belween the following verbs

I ó8 sTRANDS oF LANGUAGE (Br-pART r)

prize value highly

value calculate the price of something, consider to be ofgreat worth (it always implies positive judgement)

evaluate calculate the value or degree of

estimate calculate; form an opinion as to the degree ofsomething (different from "esteem" = respect andadmire greatly)

E.g.: He estimates his losses at $ 2,000.

They estimated. that the building could be finished within amonth.

Her possessions have been valued" at ! 3,000,000.

As on old man he always valued the silent company of hisdog.

Her teddy bear was her most prized possession.

It's not always easy to evaluate some people's help.

* observe that estimafe and value canappear in expressions of thetype esfimate something at and value something at.

* only estimatecan be followed by a that-clause.

valuable wgrth a lot of money, having great usefulness orvatue

valueless oino uu'u"

priceless of very great value

invaluable (of qualities) too valuable for the worth to bemeaéured

worthless of no value, (of a person) of bad character

Fill in the gaps with one of the previous verbs or adjectives (morethan one adjective can be used in some of the sentences):

He was very happy to get such information.They that the value of the farm hadincreased considerably in the last ten years.

c) How do you the Government's refusal totake part in the conversations?

She gave me some help l'll never forget.Most of the drawers contained collections of cheap,things which should have been thrown away.I th ink he my advice and was really grateful.

Quite a few people seem tohighly than love.

He has a collection of old paintings in hiscountry house.

2> Fill in the crossword using lhe clues below

UNIT ó: LANDSCAPE AND THE ARTS 169

a)

b)

d)

e)

f)

s) money more

h)

DOWN

2.

3 .

5 .

o .

use of strength andenergy (to do something).

degree of expense orimportance.

rescue (someone) fromdangel store data in acomputer.

completely full of people.

a high degree of pleasure orsatisfaction.

not often, rarely.

give a new shape.

a floor of a building, used as ahome.

nothing more than what isspecified.

a place giving protection frombad weather or danger.

the surroundings or conditionsin which a person, animal orplant lives or operates.

8.

1 1 .

12.

1 6 .

ACROSS

1 .

4.

7.

an area, surroundings.

a large area of landcovered with trees.

everything around and ina place.

put in a different order.

a wide view of countryscenery.

the general arrangementor plan (of a picture,bui ld ing, machine).

1 4 .

1 5 .

1 7 .

9 .

1 0 .

1 3 .

3) Find words in the pqssqge which qre s¡m¡lsr inmeqn¡ng fo the following

i i l lrffu"PuPeüEd) characteristic

e) evident

170 sTRANDS oF LANGUAGE (Br-pART r)

f) cost

g) rarely

h) deeply

4> Look qt the meqn¡ng of fhe following express¡onsin the text

Now fi l l in the gaps using the expressions in the box:

a) They are away. They went on August 1st .b) You can't

money.that he is going to lend you the

c/ Some days he gets home very late. Last Tuesdayhe arrived at three in the mornino.

a suitable exercise for old people,though it 's better than the other one.

e) - Steve, I don't care about any of them.f) We have solved the problem;it wasn't so diff icult

5) Notice fhe use of the phrosol verbs wdlk about,sit qbouf, ond travel aboul in the text(Landscdpe)

The most usual meaning of the adverbial particle about is here andthere, in all directions, on all sides; it generally implies a lack of purposeor aim both with verbs which express movement (drive about, f ly about,move about, hang about, travel about, walk about, wander about) andwith verbs which express no movement (l ie about, look about, sit about,stand about, wait about). lt can also mean in the opposite direction (turnabout).


d)

apart from

take for granted

after all

for instance

by no means

on noltday

Make meaningful sentences with the elements below. The tenseof the main verb is given in brackets:

a/ she / suddenly / turn about / and / start / run (past simple).

b) | lsee / them / sit about / on grass (present perfect).

c) we / have / nice time / walk about / in park (past simple).

d/ she / tired I see I children / hanging about I all day (present simple).

e) he / get up I lale ltomorrow I and I lie about I all day (future).

0 group of people / stand about / at door / shopping centre (presentcontinuous).

E) NOW HOW'S YOUR SPELLING?

I ) Some words like design hqve o silenf g before n.Wrile if in ploce of fhe dqsh when necessory

172 sTRANDS oF LANGUAGE (Bt,pART t)

resl n

torr¡ npai n

soverei n

campai-n

rei n

"n"inmali-n

E) ReEd the pcssf,ge cgoin psying Ettention tothe double consondnts in it; lhen fill in the gopsdoubling the consonants when necesssry

F) AND... HOW'$ YOUR FORMATIONOF WORDS?

Read the Grammar Capsule and then do the exercises:

GRAMMAR CAPSULE: Noun- qnd qd¡ecfive-folmotion morphemes


sur_oundings

es_sence

dif_erent

prof_oundly

pot_ential

set_ing

ef_ort

comf ortable

gras_land

ar anoe

pref_er

bet_er

Noun-formation morphemes -al -age:The Latin prefixes -al and-age can be added to verbs in order to form abstract nouns. Generally,they add the meaning of "the process or state of" or "the action orresult of ."

deny -+ denial leak -+ leakage

refuse -+ refusal post -+ postage

The suffix -age can also be added to other nouns in order to formnew nouns, as in:

store -+ storage

Adjective formation: -al: This derivational morpheme has twomore variants: -ral -ical,Ihal can be added to nouns (not to verbs) toform adjectives meaning "concerning".

magic -+ magical history -+ historical tutor -+ tutorial

VERB NOUN VERB NOUN

marry break

refuse propose

deny store

arrive carry

pass renew

try revive

pack approve

recite post

I ) Turn lhese verbs into nouns by odding -al ol-dgei mqke qny spelling chqnges you f¡ndnecessqry (such qs chong¡ng y into i)

2, Turn fhese nouns info odjeclives by qddin g -cilimske sny necesssry chgnges


NOUN ADJETIVE NOUN ADJETIVE

practice nation

críme music

nature fate

conversation fiction

economy occasion

hypothesis colony

centre form

psychology phrase

G) US|NG ENGUSH APPROPRTATETYAND PUTTING IT INTO MOT¡ON

t ) See the use of the -eyer compounds in lhe lexf

...whatever we like to call them .

Wherever you go, l'll go with you - Vayas donde vayas / Donde quieraque vayas...

Call me whenever you like = siempre que quieras.

Whoever it is, tell him to go = Sea quien sea...

Take some of these, whichever you like = los que te gusten.

He never likes what other people do, however you do il = lo hagascomo lo hagas.

The general meaning of these compound words is:

Now, translate into English:

a,) Sea cuando sea, no podré ir.

b/ Esté donde esté, me gustará.

c) Fuera quien fuera, no te dijo la verdad.

UNIT ó: LANDSCAPE AND THE ARTS I 75

whatever

whoever

whichever

wherever

whenever

however

-)

--?

-+

-+

*)

no matter what

no matter who

no matter which

at / to any place/ no matter where

at any time at all/ no matter when

in whateve r waylno matter how

d,) Hagas lo que hagas, estará bien.

e) Yaya cuando vaya, se alegrarán de verle.

f) Compres el coche donde lo compres, será caro.

g/ Cuandoquiera que iba a la ciudad le traía un regalo.

h,) Llegues cuando llegues, l lámame.

2> Affer reoding the grommor cqpsule, do iheexerc¡se below

GRAMMAR CAPSULE: Use of preposilionol verbsin defining relolive clouses

Relative clauses:

Relative clauses are used as post-modif iers to provideinformation about a noun or a pronoun within a noun phrase. InEnglish, we can distinguish two types of relative clauses: definingand non-defining. In defining relative clauses the subordinateclause (introduced by a relative pronoun) is essential to understandthe head because it identif ies or defines the preceding noun orpronoun (E.9.: ls this the child (who/ that) we met yesterdayfl. Non-defining relative clauses, however, are not essential to identify thehead, i.e., they do not define the preceding noun but just add someinformation (E.9.:The teacher, who didn't know the answer to thequestion, opted to remain silent).

Which is a relative pronoun we use when the antecedent is athing, an animal or an entire clause. This relative pronoun can be usedto link sentences and it can function as the subject or the object ofthe relative sentence.

176 STRANDS oF LANGUAGE (Bt-pART D

The 55 bus, whichtoday (subject).

The 55 bus. which

usually late, came surprisingly early

I usually take in the mornings, was ontime today.

Sometimes the relative pronoun is governed by a prepositionexpressing place, time, or cause. In those cases, the prepositioncomes before the relative pronoun (formal context) or at the end of theclause (informal contexts).

E.g.: That is the man for whom we are waiting. (formal)That is the man (who) we are waiting for. (informal)

Sometimes the preposition can be placed at the end or at thebeginning of an interrogative sentence (urh-question), just like inrelative clauses:

E.g.: Who are you talking to? (lnformal)

To whom are you talking? (Formal)

See the example in the text:

Only man deliberately rearranges the setting he lives in...

Form defining relative clauses as in the example:

E.g.: That's the man. Your brother was talking to him.That's the man your brother was talking to.

These are the pictures. I want to look at them.These are the pictures I want to look at.

a) lsn't this the bus? Are you waiting for it?

b,) That's the lady. We have been talking about her.

UNIT ó: LANDSCAPE AND THE ARTS I77

I

c) Those are theories. I wil l never believe in them.

d,) ls this the article? Were you interested in it?

e) That's the same disease. Leslie suffered from it.

f) lt is a possibility. I had never thought of it.

g) This is the kind of job. I wil l never get t ired of it.

h,) There were a few things. He never got used to them.

3) Review the compqr¡son of od¡ecl¡ves in yourgrqmmqr book; see qlso lhe exqmples in fhe texl.Then Iook oi the informotion given in fhe tqblebelow obout some of the phys¡cql ondpsycholog¡cql feolures shown by three children(AIice, Tom qnd B¡ll)

means average. + means above average - means below average.

178 STRANDS oF LANcUAGE (Br-nART r)

Alice Tom Bi t l

heightweightage

1 , 5 0 m40 kg

1 0

1 , 5 0 m50 kg

1 0

1 , 6 0 m55 kg1 2

strengthsl imnesslivelinessintel l igencecreativity

T

T

T

T

For example, Bil l is stronger than Alice but less strong than Tom.Make comparisons fol lowing the instruct ions below as in the

exampres:

E.g. : Al ice /Tom (strength).

Alice is less strong than Tom. Alice isn't as/so strong as Tom.Tom / Alice (age).

Tom is as old as Alice.

Q Bil / Tom (weight).

b,) Alice / Bil l (sl imness).

c/ Tom / Bil l ( l iveliness).

d/ Alice / Tom (height).

e,) Tom / Alice (intelligence).

f) Tom / Alice (creativity).

g) Tom / Bi l l (age).

4> See fhe exsmples of fhe second fype ofcondif¡onsl seniences in lhe lexf, ss well qs thefollowing

E.g.: lf lworked harder, l 'd be richer.

lf I were richer, l'd buy a yatch.

lf I had a yatch, l 'd sail round the Brit ish lsles.


Read the information in the grammar capsule and then do theexercise:

GRAMMAR CAPSULE: Condilionol sentences(second fype)

In the text (Landscape) you can see an instance of a conditionalsentence of the second type:

[...] but if that were all, then holidays at home would do us, and wecould save ourselves allthe effort and expense [...] (lines 14-15)

This type of conditional clause is known as hypotheticalconditional, because the meaning of the sentence expresses ahypothesis, i.e., an idea or a suggestion that is based on known factsbut which is unlikely to happen. Conditional sentences are composedof a main clause, which takes a modal auxiliary in the past, and asubordinate clause introduced by the conjunction if, which takes aSimple Past.

Study the following examples:

E.g.: lf you studied English, you Would,find a job more easily.

PAST modalaux. in the past (WOULD)

lf I were you, I wouldn't buy that house

PAST modal aux. in the past (WOULD)

Write the verbs in brackets in the correct form:

a) You (not be) so fat if you (not eat) so much.

b,) lf he (drink) less beer, he (feel) better.

c) lf he (take) the dog out, the poor animal (not be) so restless.


d) Mr. Heaton (not get) cross with her if she (not be) always late forwork.

e/ lf they (pass) the exams, they (go) to university next October.

f) We (can) take the 11.30 train if they (be) here on time.

g) lf you (help) me, | (f inish) in about half an hour.

h) The milk (not turn) sour if you (keep) it in the fridge.

i) | (walk) more quickly if | (not have) to carry such a heavy suitcase.

5) Give fhe correcf iense (Present Simple or PresentConfinuous) of lhe verbs in brqckels

a,) "Where you (go)?" "1 (go) to post this letter".

b) Her boyfriend (phone) her twice every morning.

c,) "How long you (stay) in Rome?" "1 (come back) on Wednesday. Inever (stay) more than two or three days".

d,) Human beings (alter) their surroundings for aesthetic reasons.

e) At what time the train to Newcastle (leave)?

UNIT ó: LANDSCAPE AND THE ARTS I8I

She (l ive) with some friends at the moment but she (prefer) to l iveby herself.

g/ | (suppose) she (not come) to the party on Saturday.

h) | (meet) Bil l tomorrow evening. | ( imagine) we'l l go to the cinema.

i) foday they (have lunch) at home but they usually (eat) at school.

il He (have) a rest now.afternoon.

He always (l ie down) for a while in the

ó) Choose the qppropr¡qte prepos¡lion fo fill in thegops

a) They have some lovely furniture

b,) | suppose they'll be waiting for mestation.

c) The children should bemust be

bed. Tomorrow theyschool by eight.

d) fl wait for you the bus stop.

the bottom of thate) There's a little cottagevalley.

f) He spent five years pflson.

g/ Mrs. Hall isn'tchurch.

home;she 's

h/ She keeps all her clothes that cupboard.i) Why are you standing the door?

j) A supermarket has beenthe center of the vil lage.

recently opened

k) They live in a small town the south.


their f lat.

the

7> Nolice ihe om¡ss¡on (becouse ¡f is nolnecessqry) of the definite qÉicle ¡n somesentences in the text (Landscdpe). F¡llin lhe gqps us¡ng o definife qrficle whennecesssfy

a/ Though I'm not fond of pets, I th inkpuppies are lovely.

b)

c)

d)

e)

f)

s)

people inclapping when he came in.

nature for

don't seem to care much aboutEven todayof planet.

They say

men have always changed_economic or aesthetic reasons.

rich countries of world

room began

hungry.

life is really hard in some areas

Soviet Union is holding a secretUnited States.

look of

u noff icial conference with

Only man rearranoessetting he lives in because he prefersi t .

H) TANGUAGE AND LITERATURE:THE CONNECTION

Narratives of personal experience (with descriptive structure) inliterary works.

CAN DOs: ldentify the elements of the structure ofnarratives.

ldentify elements of descriptive structure withinnarrative discourse.


a)

b)

| ) Reqd fhe following norrol¡ve by Mqrk Twclin,where the norrolion of tr personol experience ¡scombined with description. As you w¡ll notice, thefirsf fhree psrdgrqphs <rre merely descriplive,while lhe fourth ond lost one is moinly nsrrative

It is peaceful here and pleasant at lnterlaken. Nothing going on-at least nothing but brilliant life-giving sunshine. There are floods andfloods of that. One may properly speak of it as "going on," for it is fullof the suggestion of activity; the l ight pours down with energy, withvisible enthusiasm. This is a good atmosphere to be in, morally as wellas physically. [... 1

From this Victoria Hotel one looks straight across a flat of trif l ingwidth to a lofty mountain barrier, which has a gateway in it shaped likean inverted pyramid. Beyond this gateway arises the vast bulk of theJungfrau, a spotless mass of gleaming snow, into the sky. Thegateway, in the dark-colored barrier, makes a strong frame for thegreat picture. The somber frame and the glowing snow-pile arestartl ingly contrasted. lt is this frame which concentrates andemphasizes the glory of the Jungfrau and makes it the most engagingand beguil ing and fascinating spectacle that exists on the earth. Thereare many mountains of snow that are as lofty as the Jungfrau and asnobly proportioned, but they lack the fame. They stand at large; theyare intruded upon and elbowed by neighboring domes and summits,and their grandeur is diminished and fails of effect.

It is a good name, Jungfrau-Virgin. Nothing could be whiter;nothing could be purer; nothing could be saintlier of aspect. At sixyesterday evening the great intervening barrier seen through a faintbluish haze seemed made of air and substanceless, so soft and rich itwas, so shimmering where the wandering l ights touched it and so dimwhere the shadows lay. Apparently it was a dream stuff, a work of theimagination, nothing real about it. The tint was green, slightly varyingshades of it, but mainly very dark. The sun was down-as far as thatbarrier was concerned, but not for the Jungfrau, towering into thellgaygns beyond the gateway. She was a roaring conflagration ofblinding white.


It is said the Fridolin (the old Fridolin), a new saint, but formerly amissionary, gave the mountain its gracious name. He was an rrishmán,son of an lrish king-there were thirty thousand kings reigning incounty cork alone in his time, fifteen hundred years agó. tt got so ttratthey could not make a living, there was so much cbmpetition andwages got cut so. some of them were out of work months at a time,with wife and little children to feed, and not a crust in the place. At lasta particularly severe winter fell upon the country, and hundreds of themwere reduced to mendicancy and were to be seen day after day in thebitterest weather, standing barefoot in the snow, holding oút theircrowns for alms. Indeed, they would have been obliged to émigrate orstarve but for a fortunate idea of Prince Fridolin's, who started á labor-union, the first one in history, and got the great bulk of them to join it.He thus won the general gratitude, and they wanted to mak-e himemperor-emperor over them all-emperor of County Cork, but hesaid, No, walking delegate was good enough for him.-For beholdl hewas modest beyond his years, and keen as a whip. To this day inGermany and switzerland, where st. Fridolin is revered and honored,the peasantry speak of him affectionately as the first walking delegate.

From "switzerlond, the Crodle of Liberty" by Mark Twain

'#3 ilm*k #ffi Éh# ss,{#tr#ffi H*e.s dÉ#cru'É axm#*rs*mm# $re'Éfu* ÉÉrsÉ ÉFrur*m ffi#tr##r#ñhs Eeru # ffi#a"$#$Frrugwm$#$*Én*ru*#H #ffi# Éhere #ffisqry#r ghese ffiu*s€*mrxm

a) What is MarkTwain mainly describing in the first paragraph?b) What are the adjectives he uses to describe it? Do these

adjectives have a positive or a negative connotation?c) What is described in the second paragraph?d) what are the words or expressions that Mark rwain uses in

order to make the landscape vivid to the reader?e) Would you like to visit the place? Why?f) What kind of images do we find in the third paragraph? Which

words or expressions helped you best visualize the mountain?

&FIn the fourth and last paragraph

Fridolin. Broadly speaking, narratives


Mark Twain narrates the story ofcontain a beginning, a middle and

an end, but if we study them in detail, we shall f ind all or some of thefollowing elements (Labov, 1972, 1 997):

1. Abstract (one or two clauses summarizing the whole story)2. Orientation (identif ication of the time, place, persons, their activity

or the situation)

3. Complicating action (clauses describing different events)

4. Evaluation (the means used by the narrator to indicate the pointof the narrative:why it was told, and what the narrator is aiming at)

5. Result or resolution (the set of complicating actions that followthe most reportable event)

6. Coda (a free clause at the end which signals that the narrative isfinished)

Not all narratives contain all six elements; the basic characteristic ofnarratives is their temporal sequence, which is an important definingproperty proceeding from its referential function.

ln the narrative about Fridolin, all six elements are identif ied, whichlets us i l lustrate them in perfect order:

Abstract

"lt is said the Fridolin (the old Fridolin), a new saint, but formerly amissionary, gave the mountain its gracious name."

Orientation

"He was an lrishman, son of an lrish king-there were thirty thousandkings reigning in County Cork alone in his time, fifteen hundred years ago."

Complicating action

"lt got so that they could not make a l iving, there was so muchcompetit ion and wages got cut so. Some of them were out of work monthsat a time, with wife and litt le children to feed, and not a crust in the place.At last a particularly severe winter fell upon the country, and hundreds ofthem were reduced to mendicancy and were to be seen day after day inthe bitterest weather, standing barefoot in the snow, holding out theircrowns for alms."

l8ó STRANDS oF LANGUAGE (Br-pART t)

Evaluation

"lndeed, they would have been obliged to emigrate or starve but for afortunate idea of Prince Fridolin's, who started a labor-union, the first onein history, and got the great bulk of them to join it."

Resolution

"He thus won the general gratitude, and they wanted to make himemperor-emperor over them all-emperor of County Cork, but he said,No, walking delegate was good enough for him. For behold! he wasmodest beyond his years, and keen as a whip."

Coda

"To this day in Germany and Switzerland, where St. Fridolin is reveredand honored, the peasantry speak of him affectionately as the firstwalking delegate."

4> o) Now, identify the elemenfs in the lollowingncrrrdtive

I wake up from the sweet sound of my music center playingBeethoven. I open my eyes and see a picture of a girl standing near thepiano. The eyes of the young girl are full of happiness and I feel herunconcealed delight and confidence. What can I tell you about this girlfrom Bucharest? She is very enthusiastic and passionate about what sheis devoted to. Music has changed her l i fe ever since she turned sevenwhen she impressed a music teacher and successfully passes anaudition to the music school. The sounds of piano penetrated her mindand soul and made the girl perceive the world truly deep. She never hadtime to play with her friends as she was always near her piano trying toplay better, trying to feel the instrument better. This was the moment wheneverybody realized that she is the type that never leaves anything undone,the type that struggles and overcomes obstacles that prevent her fromachieving her goal. She was always trying to improve and she managedit owing to her originality, imagination, creativity and persistence. Playingthe piano was not enough - she needed to sing and that is how she gotto the National Performing Arts School of Bucharest to study vocal music.Ever since that moment she sang and played with a passion evenstronger than she showed before. She got The Romanian Youth Award at


the "Golden Music Festival" in 2004, the Popularity Award at "RaduSerban National.

b) Can you Íind ony descriptive strueture in thisnarrdtive? IÍ so, where?

TIME TO RELAX: Now, let's relax, sit down, and watch someinteresting videos in connection with the topic of this unit: BobRoss on "The Joy of Painting":

http ://www.youtu be. co m/watch ?v=i3 RYOawN lTs&featu re=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wM lzuSLx3kE&feature=relat€d

http ://www.youtu be.co m/watch ?v=YCZObxeLUSS&featu re=related

| 88 STRANDS oF LANGUAGE (BI-PART D

I ) Choose lhe best opl¡on fo complete fhe meqn¡ngof fhe following senlences

an originalreplica.

a) priced b) priceless c) valueless

4. This job experience wil l belearn a lot and see things in a completely new perspective.

a) valueless b) worthless c) of no value d) invaluable

5. These antiques are extremelynot to break them.

a) price b) valuable c) valueless d) worthless

2> Chose the words in ihe righf column w¡fh fhe mosfsimilor meon¡ng lo those in the left column

1. characteristic

2. rarely

3. on purpose

4. refuge

5. evident

1. The work she does ismanage without her?

a) priceless b) valueless

2. l 'm sure this necklace is

Eelf-Evaluotion Uni| 6

how could we

c) price

fake.

a) priceless b) worthless c) invaluable

3. At f irst they thought the painting wasturned out to be a

d) worthless

; it looks absolutely

d) valuable

Picasso, but it

d) value

for her; she wi l l

; be careful

a) seldom

b) frequently

c) distinctive

d) obvious

e) shallow

f) deliberately

g) shelter


3) Choose the correct option lo complelemeqning of fhese senfences

lhe

1. l f she speaks Spanish f luently, she the job.

a) get b) would have got c) wil l get d) got

2. This weekend they are staying in town, but they usual lyto the coast.

b) wenta) go

3. l f I had won

a) wil l buy

4. Wearrived.a) sit

1. Which part

a) in b) at

2. I have talked to him and he wil l beafternoon.

a) in b) at

3. He has beenoolit ical ideas.a) in b) at

4. We wil l have dinner togethera) in b) at

5. I wil l see you earlya) in b) at

| 90 sTRANDS oF LANcUAGE (Br-IART r)

c) wil l be going d) wil l havegone

the lottery, I a new car.b) had bought c) would bought d)would

have bought

out in the porch when the guests

b) wil l be sitt ing c) were sitt ing d) would sitt ing

5. lf you were more patient, you so many problems.

d) wil l havea) had b) wouldn't have c) have

4> Choose the correct option lo comp¡ete themeqn¡ng of fhese senfences

the book did you like best?c) on d) of

home a l l

c) on d) of

a long t ime for h is

d) of

jai l for

c) on

Friday night.

c) on d) of

the morning.d) ofc) on

TRANSTATION AND COMPOSITION 2(Unifs 4 - 6>

These two exercises should be sent to your Tutor for correction.

t ) Trqnslqfe the following sentences ¡nfo English

a) No queríamos saber sólo cómo era el hotel sino cuánto costaba.b) Este es el libro del que tanto te he hablado.c) Es muy peligroso conducir en el Cairo; no deberías conducir tú

mismo.

d) Si me hubieses dicho que necesitabas dinero te lo habríaprestado.

e) Mi hermana y yo vivimos aquí desde hace más de dos años.f) Este es el compañero con el que trabajo en la oficina.

2> Composilion

lmagine for your vacation you have booked a hoter with a travelagency and it is not at all what you expected;you have paid too much forwhat you are getting. write a letter of complaint (about 150 words)explaining why you are unhappy with the service you are recelving.

UNIT ó: LANDSCAPE AND THE ARTS I9I

MODEL EXAM

The following is a model of the type of f inal exam the UNEDstudents will have to sit for at the end of the course. For the learnersto check their performance, the correct answers have been markedin red.

INGLÉS INSTRUMENTAL I // LENGUA MODERNA I . LENGUAEXTRANJERA: INGLÉS

Grado en Estudios Ingleses ll Grado en Lengua y Literatura Españolas

Name

(lnstrucciones: Responda en la hoja de lectura óptica las preguntasdel 1 al 20. No olvide rellenar sus datos personales y el t ipo de examen.Responda a la parte de traducción, comprensión lectora y composiciónen el cuadernil lo. No se permite el uso de diccionario ni de ningúnmaterial. Si es alumno de libre configuración por favor indique lacarrera a la que pertenece.)

a ) y

2. la-�

a) ch

3. f l inga) v

4. loo_

a) ch

5. sunn_er

a) v

| - Circle fhe correct option

A. $pell ing: ( l point)

1. stor sb) i

b) k

b) i

b) k

b) i

c) ie

c) ct{

c) ie

c) ck

c) ie

d) e i

d) c

d) e i

d) c

d) e i

MoDEL EXAM 195

B. Verbs: (l point)

6. I think you should

a) to ensure b) ensuring

8. The new director did a lotthe workers in the company.

the most of your trip to

that the law is obeyed.

assure d) reassure

c) wouldimprove

conditions for

d) to improve

things for

c) doing d) to do

agriculture as the nation's main

Bilbao and visit the Guggenheim Museum.a) making b) make c) do d) d id

7. The police has

c)

9 .

1 0 .

He's very generous, he's alwaysothers.

a) has made b) to make

Tourismindustry in recent years.

a) couldimprove

a) wil l bereplaced

b) mightimprove

b) hasreplaced

c) couldreplace

d) mightreplace

night.

d) at the

the morning?

d) at

me. Could you lend

d) on

the ce i l ing.

d) for

secur i ty in th is

C. Prepositions: (l point)

11. I can' t see without glasses

a) in b) on

12. The baby woke up at 4:00

c) at

a) of b) in

13. I haven't any moneyme some?

a) inside b) i n

14. I th ink there is a spidera) at b) from c) on

c) in the d) from

c) on

c) at

15. Who's responsiblebui ld ing?

a) for b) in


C. $omE, Eny End lhElr c-smBound forms: ( I point)

16. Shal l I br ing you

a) something

to read while you wait?b) anyone c) any d) some

officers carry guns, but most of

c) Someone d) A

police

b) Any

them don' t .a) Some

18. They haven't been able to f ind outthe murder yet.

20. The wallet must be

about

d) Something

in the house because

a) nothing b) anything c) something d) any

food is scarce in some African countries.a) The q a c) Any

I saw it here yesterday.

a) somebody b) anything c) anywhere d) somewhere

ll - Trunslqle fhe fallow¡ng sénfénéeÉ fr6m$panish into English: (E points)

a) No fue a la fiesta ni de Juan ni de María;se quedó en casa.He/She went neither to Juan's nor to María's party; he stayedhome (instead).

He/She didn't go either to Juan's or María's party; he stayednome.

Puede que me tenga que ir de viaje mañana. ¿Podrías preparar lacomida tú mismo?I might/may have to go on a trip tomorrow. Could you prepare lunchyourself ?

Juan es el hijo mayor y el más alto;es incluso mucho más alto quesu padre,

Juan is the eldest/oldest son and the tallest, he is even much tallerthan his father.

MoDEL EXAN/ 197

AI

at

b)

c)

d) Él mismo conduce el coche nuevo, aunque no debería porque esdemasiado joven.

He himself drives the new car, although he shouldn't because heis too young.

lll - Read the texl ond then trnswer thequesüions briefly (2 or 3 lines) in yourown words (no po¡nts w¡ll be given foronswer$ cop¡ed from the text): (2 points)

198 STRANDS oF LANGUAGE (Br-IART r)

Drinking three or more cups of tea a day is as good for you asdrinking plenty of water and may even have extra health benefits, sayresearchers. The work in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrit iondispels the common belief that tea dehydrates. Tea not only rehydratesas well as water does, but it can also protect against heart diseaseand some cancers, UK nutritionists found. Experts believe flavonoidsare the key ingredient in tea that promote health.

These polyphenol antioxidants are found in many foods and plants,including tea leaves, and have been shown to help prevent celldamage. Public health nutritionist Dr Carrie Ruxton, and colleagues atKings College London, looked at published studies on the healtheffects of tea consumption. They found clear evidence that drinkingthree to four cups of tea a day can cut the chances of having a heartattack. Some studies suggested tea consumption protected againstcancer, although this effect was less clear-cut. Other health benefitsseen included protection against tooth plaque and potentially toothdecay, plus bone strengthening.

There was no evidence that tea consumption was harmful tohealth. However, research suggests that tea can impair the body'sability to absorb iron from food, meaning people at risk of anaemiashould avoid drinking tea around mealtimes. Dr Ruxton said:"Drinkingtea is actually better for you than drinking water. Water is essentiallyreplacing fluid. Tea replaces fluids and contains antioxidants so it's gottwo things going for it."

a) What are some of the advantages of drinking tea that the textmentions? Can you think of any others?

{Semi-open answer)

Are there any disadvantages?

(Semi-open answer)

b)

lV - Composifion: (2 points)

Write about your favourite food and drink in a short essay (about 80-100 words).

Open answer.

MODEL EXAM I99

KEY TO EXERCI$ESAND TASKS

A) WARMTNG UP

Discuss with your tutor or classmates.

1) Open answer.

2) Open answer.

3) Open answer.

B) ORAL DTSCOUR8Eb) Discuss with your tutor or classmates.

1. Open answer.

2. Open answer.

3. Open answer.

4. Open answer.

5. Open answer.

c, MULT|-TA$K|NG ACTtVtTtES

$lep 3

r )1 . b

2 . a

3 . c

4 . c

5 . b

KEY TO EXERCISES AND TASKS - SOLUTIONS UNIT l: SMlLEll 203

3)

2'a) Mona Lisa is a mystery because her identity has long puzzled

scholars.

b) While Schwartz was testing a computer program she compared thetwo oictures.

c) She scaled the two pictures before she matched each one on thecompuler.

d) Since the features matched precisely she concluded that Mona Lisawas Leonardo.

e) Although Schwartz's explanation makes sense many expertsdisagree.

Schwartz's explanation makes sense although many expertsdisagree.

f/ Leonardo took the picture with him wherever he travelled.g) Many historians believe that Leonardo was probably homosexual,

therefore the Mona Lisa may have represented "a side of himself thathe treasured."

h) Mona Lisa may be Leonardo himself; yet many art experts remainunconvinced.

ORAL PRODUCTIOf'|


Ooen answer.

WRITTEN PRODUCTION


a) Open answer.

b) Open answer.

c) Open answer.

D) TACKLTHG VOCABULAnYr )

a/ obvious c) revealing

b) right d/ famous

2O4 STRANDS oF LANGUAGE (Bt-pART t)

4'

2>

e) precisely

f / smile

g) argues

a) magazine

b) nonsense

c) identity

d) publ isher

concluded

remained

draw

a) At the end of

b) upside down

c) makes sense

d) keep notes

'1 .

a) obvious

b) striking

c) famed

d) apparently

2 .

famed

obvious

apparently

str ik ing

h) simi lar

I private

e,) sensuality

f/ mind

g/ eatures

3)

4>

5)

d)

e)

0

a)

b)

e)

f)

s)

argueo

match

carried

part with

a matter of

private jokes

a)

b)

a l

d)

KEY TO EXERCISES AND TASKS - SOLUTIONS UNIT l: SMlLEll 2O5

ó)

Down

1. mistress, 2. fool, 3. conclude, 6. argue, 7. draw, 9. publisher, 10.mind, 12. sensuali ty, 14. record, 15. remain, 17. str iking, 18. match.

Across

4. selfportrait,5. famed, B. apparently, 11. painting, 13. duke, 16.features, 18. magazine, 19. carry,20. known,21. identity.

bucket emphatic knock

chemistry plastic psychology

look weak luck

fantastic stock lack

E) NOW HOW'S YOUR SPELHNG?

r )

F) AND... Hoylt'$ YOUR FORMATIONoF yttoRDs?

r )difference convenience

efficiency consistence/consistency

dependence annoyance

assurance predominance

206 sTRANDS oF LANGUAGE (Br-PART D

2>

oheled

steadily

spies

ehenies

flying

happily

funniér

worriedstories

sunnier

studying

cries

acquaintance

acceprance

2)disi l lusion

disorder

unimportant

disagree

UNWISE

unhealthy

3)

conceive/perceive infect/perfect

inject insisVconsist/exist/persist

absence

allowance

unhappy

ungrateful

disadvantage

disloyal

disapprove

disobedient

concepVexcept conform/inform/perform

convert/inverVpervert permit

G) USING ENGUSH APPROPRTATELYAND PUTTING IT INTO MOTION

1 )a) Charles the Second's reign.

b) Tom and Mary's house. (lf it belongs to both of them.)

Tom's and Mary's houses. (lf each one has his/her own house.)

c) Milton's and Shakespeare's works.

d) Our neighbours' backyard.

e) Bismarck's Germany.

f/ Europe's difficulties.

g) Bill's father's friend.

h) One of John's nephews.

i) My small sisters'toys.j) The ladies'clothes.

k) My son-in-law's bicycle.

/) Jim and Elisabeth's chi ldren.

KEY TO EXERCISES AND TASKS - SOLUTIONS UNIT l: SMlLEll 2O7

m)

n)

Verdi's and Puccini's operas.

Mr. Brown's portrait. (lf the portrait belongs to Mr. Brown.)The portrait of Mr. Brown. (lf the portrait depicts him.)

2>a) A profitable business.

A lot of business.

b) A glass used for drinking wine.

A glass with wine in i t .

c) A day on which one is paid.

A pay of one day.

d) A race in which horses participate.

A horse for racing.

e/ A field where sports are practised.

Sports practised out of doors.

3)

a) for

b) on

c) for

d) in/at

e) on

4>a) doing

b) doing

c) made

d) makes/made

e) make

5)

Q fhe children neither quarrel led nor fought

b) The exam was neither short nor easy.


f) in/at

g ) in

h) of

i ) in

i) at

f) do

g) made

h) make

¡) did

j) do/ make

k) for

l) atlon

m) on

n) atllor

k) do

l) do

m) do/ making

ó)

c) That old man can neither read nor write.

d) Tom should neither work nor study.

e) She can neither run nor participate in sports.

f) They can eat neither fish nor meat.

a) himself

b) himself

c) myself

d) herself

e) yourself

f) themselves

g) ourselves

h) yourself

i) herself

j) themselves

KEY TO EXERCISES AND TASKS - SOLUTIONS UNIT l: SMtLEtt 209

A) WARMTNG UP


1) Open answer.

2) Open answer.

3) Open answer.

B) ORAL DTSCOURSEb) Discuss with your tutor or classmates.

1) Open answer.

2) Open answer.

3) Open answer.

4) Open answer.

5) Open answer.

c) MUUT|.TASK|N9 ACTtVtTtES

Step 3r )

1 .

2 .

3 .

4.

c

a

b

b

KEY TO EXERCISES AND TASKS - SOLUTIONS UNIT 2: LUXURY AND ROMANCE 211

5 . a

6 . b

7 . a

B . c

2'a) Once the gentleman had given his instructions, he thought he could

look forward to an evening to remember.

b) Before they entered the limousine he ordered a bottle to be chilled.

c) Each Guy Salmon limousine is the responsibility of one particularchauffeur, therefore it is his duty to maintain it in perfect mechanicalcondition.

d/ Although this particular Daimler had made only one trip it had to bewashed.

e) He brushed every inch of the upholstery and he also vacuumed thecarpers.

f) He wanted to arrive with enough time so that his clients would nothave to wait.

g) Once he had placed the champagne in the Daimler he set off.h) He left ten minutes early so his timing was perfect.

i) He knocked at the door in order to inform the gentleman his limousinehad arrived.

j) He waited because they were not quite ready.

k) Since the roses were not of the standard they might have been thechauffeur had to buy some new ones.

ORAL PNODUCTIOhI

Discuss wilh your 1u1or ot clolssmsles

a) Open answer.

b) Open answer.

c) Open answer.

d) Open answer.

e) Open answer.

WRITTEN PPODUCTION

Ooen answer.

212 sTRANDS oF LANGUAGE (Bt-pART D

3)

L

2,

D) TACKUNG VOCABULARY

1 )

a) true

b) strictly

c) fashionable

d) suitably

a) pol ish / wipe / brush / c lean

b) wash

c) brushes

d) vacuum / c lean

e) wipe / c lean

a) maintain

b) improve

c) reserved

d) presented

e) intended

f) ensured

a) suitable

b) mysteriously

c) accurate

d) charmingly

a) turn off

b) be off

c) take off

d) get off

e) pleasant

f) charming

9) ski l l

h) mysteriously

g) impressed

h) mark

i ) mind

j) replace

k) ordered

l) informed

e) particular

f) pleasantly

g) fashionable

h) strictly

e) wear off

f) put off

g) put her off

2'

3)

4)

5)

KEY TO EXERCISES AND TASKS - SOLUTIONS UNIT 2: LUXURY AND RON/ANCE 213

returnsurviveCIJI'V€

sFrirt

p[Jrpose

surface

surgeon

circus

burst

surprise

firm

circle

thirst

birth

dirt

flirt

purchase

furnish

murder

birth :

urgent

6>a) set out

b) set up

c) set back

d) set down

7'

Down


e)

Ds)h)

set off

set in

set about

set aside

1. skil l ,2. particular,4. accurate,6. mysteriously, 10. improve.

Across3. fashionable, 5. suitably, 6. mark, 7. impress, 8. replace, 9. charming,11. reserve, 12. drop, 13. inform, 14. present.

#rryi'E) NOU HOW'S YOUR SPEtuNo?

r )

chauffeur

elegant

bottle

valeted

immaculate

worry

passengers

prefer

propel

presume

accurate

dinner

chil led

perfection

address

timing

charming

occasron

evening

remember

vacuumed

arrive

informed

impressed

ANtr..- FIOW'S YOUR FORMATIONSF WONDS?

pretend

pre / proscribe

produce

provide

preserve

propose

a)

NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB

suit suitable suitably

mystery mysterious mysteriously

duty dutiful dut i ful ly

ski l l skil ful skilf ully

beauty beautiful beautifully

responsibi l i ty responsible responsibly

mechanic mechanical mechanically

danger dangerous dangerously

KEY TO EXERCISES AND TASKS - SOLUTIONS UNIT 2: LUXURY AND ROMANCE 215

c) usrNG ENGUSH APPROPRTATETYAND PUTT¡NG IT INTO MOTION

r )a) Three hundred dollars.

b) Fifty euros.

c) Hundreds of books.

d) Five dozen eggs.

e) Eight thousand three hundred people.

f) Dozens of flowers.

g) Five millon inhabitants.

2'a) Sophie is even more beautiful than Mary.

b) The other film is even worse than ihis one.

c) Tokyo is even bigger than London.

d) Bill is even thinner than Tom.

e) Trafalgar Square is even larger than Piccadilly Circus.

t)a) can / may

b) may / might

c) May / can

d) could / may / might

e) might / could

0 might / could

g) can

h) might (reproach or irritation) / could

i) could

i) may

4'a) He could have forgotten.

b) He could have guessed.

216 sTRANDS oF LANGUAGE (Bt-pARr D

53

c) She may have been delayed.

d) He might have been busy.

e) He might be i l l .

a) forlon

b) on , in

c) in

d) for

e) on

f) on

g) In , on

h) on

i) in, for

i ) on

k) in

l ) on , in

m) for

e ) a , a

f) a

g) Ihe, A, the, the

h) a, an, an,@

*3a) Having won the first prize, I received a sports car.b) Having finished reading the book, he gave it to his sister.c) Having studied until very late, I went to bed.d) Having lost the keys to his apartment, he spent the night at a friend's

nouse.

e) Having f inished lunch, she went out for a walk.

F)

a) a, an, a

b) the, the

c) the, a

d) the, O, the, a

KEY To EXERCISES AND TASKS - soLUTtoNS uNtT 2: LUXURY AND ROMANCE 217

A) WAnMING UpDiscuss with your tutor or classmates.

1) Open answer.

2) Open answer.

3) Open answer.

B) ORAL DTSCOURSE

b) Discuss with your tutor or classmates.

1) Open answer.

2) Open answer.

3) Open answer.

4) Open answer.

5) Open answer.

c) MU$|-TASK|NG ACTtVtTtES

Sfep 3

r )a) False (see first paragraph)

b) False (see first paragraph)

c) False (see first paragraph)

d) True

KEY TO EXERCISES AND TASKS - SOLUTIONS UN|T 3: TEA LOVERS 219

e) True

f) False (see second paragraph)

g) True

h) False (see fifth (last) paragraph)

i) False (see fifth (last) paragraph)

2'a) There are some occasions when you must not refuse a cup of tea.

b) | do adore a cup of early morning tea.

c) You definitely must not follow my example.

d) | drink innumerable cups of black coffee during the day.

e) We put the coffee in the refrigerator and it froze.

f) | have the most unorthodox and exotic teas.

s, oRAr pEoDUcTtoH


a) Open answer.

b) Open answer.

c) Open answer.

d) Open answer.

e) Open answer.

E) TACKUHG VOCABUTARYr )

a) deserve

b) spoiled

c) disturb

2'a) for instance

b) feel like

c) on the contrary

22O STRANDS oF LANGUAGE (Br-nART r)

thank you so much

no. . . a t a l l

on the other hand

d) achieve

e) ref use

f) suggested

d)

o \

f)

3)

4'

a) sink

b) lreeze

c) hope

d) pour

e) maid

a) let

b) drops

c) shut

f) trouble

g) drop

h) hostess

i) melt

d) drive

e) asking

f) ls

a civ i l ised society;civ i l ised customs, ideas

a smil ing witch, chi ld

a si lent smile, prayer; s i lent reading

a spiteful smile, laughter, look, expression

a mal ignant witch, smile, look

a gay society, child; gay colours

unorthodox customs, ideas

a wicked witch, chi ld, smile, look

foreign customs

5)

E) NOW HOW'S YOUR SPELUNG?


r )achieve

receive

deceive

prece

belief

chief

concerve

seize

thief

cei l ing

relief

field

2'

suggest

stiff

colourless

heartily

especially

additional

terrifying

successfully

suddenly

occasion

hostess

supper

follow

coffee

F) AND... HOW'$ YOUR FOnMATIONOF WORDS?

r '

-less/ -ful

helpless / helpful

restless / restful

harmless / harmful

meaningless / meaningful

painless / painful

colourless / colourful

thoughtless / thoughtful

-less

heartlesss

leepless

hairless

penniless

breathless

-ful

successful

frightful

revengeful


NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB

person personal personally

care careress carelessly

fashion fashionable fashionably

dirt dirty dir t i ly

faith faithf ul faithfully

norse notsy noisi ly

eno endless endlessly

conf idence confidential conf ident ial ly

fun funny funni ly

contempt contemptuous contemptuously

intention intentional intent ional ly

E7

ffik #ffiEru# ffih$#tuE#ffi &ppffi#pffiE&Y€LYeffi# FwSggF€# €g gffig# ru#39#9.é

,73a) some - any

b) some

c) any

d) some

e) any

any

any

some

some

any

++$

d )

b)

nobody / no one

anybody - everybody/ everyone

KEY TO EXERCISES AND TASKS - SOLUTIONS UNIT 3: TEA LOVERS 223

3)

c) anywhere/everywhere

d) anything

e) everything

f) nobody - everybody/ everyone

g) anywhere

h) everywhere

a) She put on her best dress and went to the party.

b) He is the tallest boy in the class.

c) He is the nicest of the three brothers.

d) | think you have chosen the worst present.

e) She is the most intelligent person in the family.

0 ls Moscow the coldest capital in Europe/ European capital?

g) Why did you buy the most expensive suit in the shop?

h) lt's one of the smallest countries in the world.

4'a) into

b) behind / in front of

c) in front of

d) in / inside

e) out of

f) outside

5)a) He kept on promising he would come and see us but he never did.

b) | often go for a walk after lunch but Mary hardly ever does.

c) She loves going to the theatre but she is seldom free in the evenings.

d) | shall always remember her beauty.

e) Have you ever written a poem?

f) They sometimes have lunch at work but they generally have it in arestaurant.

6'a) l'll take my holidays in September.

b) We are going to see Helen the day after tomorrow.

224 STRANDS oF LANGUAGE (Br-PART D

c) They always watch television in the evening.

d) My birthday is on November 1Oth.

e) | like going shopping/to do the shopping early in the morning.f) The new station will be finished in a few months/ They will finish the

new station in a few months.g) We went to the cinema yesterday afternoon.

h) We received a letter from him the day before yesterday.

i) They phoned/called us a few days ago.


A) WARMTNG UP


1) Open answer.

2) Open answer.

3) Open answer.

4) Open answer.

3 . b

4 . a

5 . c

6 . c

7. a

B . c

9 . b

B) ORAr DTSCOURSEb) Discuss with your tutor or classmates.

1) Open answer.

2) Open answer.

3) Open answer.

4) Open answer.

5) Open answer.

c) MurTI-TASKTNG ACTTVTTTES

Step 3r )

1 . b

2 . c

KEY TO EXERCISES AND TASKS - SOLUTIONS UNIT 4: CRIME AND DANGER 227

2>a) Many shotguns are being demanded because the Brit ish are arming

themselves.

b) Although it is happening in the name of a cult cal led Survival ism,some people seem to enjoy it.

c) He picked up a knife and went out for a walk.

d) He went to a security shop where you buy burglar alarms and locks.

e) He bought himself an airgun because he had been burgled.

f) When my friend expressed some horror the shop assistant shruggedand asked what else he could do.

g) | was burgled while I was writing this article.

h) He l ived in an estate in north London where televisions aresometimes dropped from windows.

3) ORAr PRODUCTTON


a) Open answer.

b) Open answer.

c) Open answer.

d) Open answer.

e) Open answer.

f) Open answer.

4) WRTTTEN PRODUCTTON


Open answer.

D) TACKUNG VOCABUTARY

r )a) disorder e) dispair

b) issue f) powerful


c) youth

d) drop

2'a) in l iv ing memory

b) according to

c) in the name of

d) in some way or another

e) more and more

3)a) expressed

b) developed

c) mark

d) observed

e) issuing / to issue

4>a) variety

b) youth

c) area

d) lock

5)a) mainland

b) riots

c) weapons

6>a) at least

b) since then

c) than ever

d) as a result

e) if not

g) hard

e) article

f) rate

g) dealer

h) licence

d) lock

e) drop

f) despair

KEY TO EXERCISES AND TASKS - SOLUTIONS UN|T 4: CRTME AND DANGER 229

7'

Down

1. area, 2. despair ,3. disorder,4. threaten, L beyond, 9. var iety, 10.fear, '13. lock, 15. youth, 19. dealer.

Across2. develop, 5. protect, 6. express, 7. arm, 11. licence, 12. arlicle,14. powerful, '16. observe, 17. drop, 18. attack, 20. hard, 21 . weapon.

E) NOW HOW'S YOUR SPELI¡NG?

r )scholarbeooarcollardiscsvervrnegargrocer

regularpeculiar

masterflatteroarticularmustardmuscularwizardplaster

danger

2>firearms

according

weapon

dealer

licence

issued

middle

attack

expressed

obscenity

picking

knife

steal

assistant

neighbours

dropped

continually

blood

fortress

fear

horror

robbed

threaten

happen

ironically

burgled

wntrng

buying

accumulate

developing


3)

clue

Jew

STEW

few

glue

continue

crew

value

drew

avenue

pursue

chew

virtue

issue

rescuethrew

statue

t issue

KneW

view

grew

ry AND... HOW'S YOUR FORMATTONOF WORDS?

r )

KEY TO EXERCISES AND TASKS - SOLUTIONS UNIT 4: CRIME AND DANGER 231

NOUN + NOUN ADJ. + NOUN ADJ. + ADJ.

tablecloth

lipstick

toothbrush

newspaper

bookcase

shorthand

paleface

heavyweighl

loudspeaker

blue-black

red-hot

bittersweet

2)

unintentional

unscientific

inappropriate

disloyal

unwise

incredible

disobey

disregard

unforgettable

tnsane

unfair

improper

disl ike

unconscious

disfavour

unpack

G) USING ENGUSH APPROPRIATETYAND PUTTING IT INTO MOTION

r )a) | recognized him at the party because I had met him once before.

b) He had eaten a big lunch, so he wasn't hungry at supper t ime.

c) | had spoken to the director before the meeting began.

d) | looked in my bag and I realized someone had stolen my purse.

e) She had been ill for a long time before she went to the doctor's.

0 | had gone out by the time he arrived.

g) They had been at home all day, so they wanted to go for a walk.

h) We had drunk three bottles of wine, so we arrived at the party rathertipsy.

a) had closed, arrived

b) came, had just been.

c) kept, had seen.

d) had finished, arrived.

e) came, had already escaped.

f) had not finished, arrived.

g) got, had gone.

h) had not f inished, decided.

a) | never liked the house where I was born.

b) That is the reason why they left early.

c) | bought this coat last month when I was in Germany.

d) | met her at the pub where she was working as a waitress.

e) We all looked at the house where Shakespeare had lived. (or... thatShakespeare had lived in.)

f) | saw him this morning when he was going to the office.

g) Yesterday I went to a bookshop where I met Elizabeth.

h) This is the house where he lives.

i) They arrived yesterday when we had gone out for a walk.

232 STRANDS oF LANeUAGE (Br-pART r)

2>

3)

4l1 . a , b

2 . a

3 . ? , d

4 . b , b

5 . b , a

5)

6 . a , a

7 . b , a

B . a , b

9 . a , a

ó)

a) To his astonishment

b) To his irritation

c) To his horror

d) To his surpr ise

e) To his disgust

a) My friend said (that) he couldn't speak ltalian fluently.

b) The teacher said (that) his exercise was full of spelling mistakes.

c) Susan said (that) she had gone skiing yesterday / the day before/ theprevious day.

d) Ms. Smith said (that) she had to go out to buy some food for thechi ldren.

e) May said (that) she would meet us at Pizza Hut at two o'clock.

f) Tom said (that) his friends were arriving the next/ following day.

g) Mr. Smith said (that) he had a reservation for his wife and himself atthe hotel .

a) She put on her gloves. (Non-ref lexive)

b) He looked at himself in the mirror. (Reflexive)

c) Comb your hair before you leave. (Non-reflexive)

d) We do all the office work ourselves. (Emphatic)

e) He hurt his leg. (Non-ref lexive)

f) Mary ate all the bread. (Non-reflexive)

g) She herself makes all her dresses. (Emphatic)

h) She enjoys herself a lot (Reflexive) / She has lots of fun.

i) He's always talking to himself. (Reflexive)

KEY TO EXERCISES AND TASKS - SOLUTIONS UNIT 4: CRIME AND DANGEB 233

7)

h, wApMrNG uPDiscuss with your tutor or classmates.

1) Open answer.

2) Open answer.

3) Open answer.

4) Open answer..-

B) ORAr D¡SCOURSEb) Discuss with your tutor or classmates.

1) Open answer.

2) Open answer.

3) Open answer.

4) Open answer.

5) Open answe.

c) MULil-TASKING ACTIVIilES

Sfep I

WRITTEN PRODUCTION. Summary: Open answer

(Discuss with your tutor or classmates).

KEY TO EXERCISES AND TASKS - SOLUTIONS UNIT 5: WILDLIFE EXPERIENCE 235

$tep 3r ,

1 . b

2 . a

2'

5 . a

6 . c

f) gripped

g) gl impse

h) task

i) mobilej) watch

3 . c

4 . b

7. b

B . a

9 . c

a) The films often contain new biological insights.

b) An hour after transmission the switchboard of the BBC was stilljammed with cal ls.

c) At the time, it was certainly fascinating for ornithologists.

d) Foxes have also revealed a few of their family secrets.

e) Sound and picture were transmitted back to a mobile studio.f) Zoologist Stephen Harris was waiting to describe what was being seen.g) Such young cubs are not yet able to regulate their body temperatures.h) lt was assumed that the vixen would stay close to them.

3) OpAr pRODUCTTON


a) Open answer.

b) Open answer.

c) Open answer.

d) Open answer.

e) Open answer.

f) Open answer.

Dt TACKilNG VüCABUTARYr '

a) by and large

b) sought to

c) assorted

d) devise

e) persuaded

236 sTRANDS oF LANGUAGE (Bt-eART t)

2'a) unlikely

b) succeeded

c) accept

d) fascinating

3)a) persuaded

b) witness

c) jammed

d) digeSt

e) operate

D gripped

4'a) behaviour

b) glimpse

c) nests

d) technique

e) qualities

5)1 .

e) partially

0 live

g) cellar

h) occasionally

g) interpret

h) install

i) swallow

j) accept

k) succeeded

D proportion

g) task

h) public

i) tunnelj) stage

a) a success that isn't probable.

b) a success that is incomplete.

a) a very interesting programme.

b) a programme broadcast as it takes place.

a) happy from time to time.

b) not completely happy.


2.

3.

4.

a) an event that probably won't occur.

b) an event that occurs from time to time.

ó)

a) at the time

b) go hungry

c) of key importance

d) with luck

e) at the end of

D by and large

g) broke into pieces

h) at the back

i) at this stagej) shot a f i lm

7>Down

2. test,3. cel lar,4. unl ikely,5. witness, 6. proport ion, 8. swallow, 13.technique, 15. tunnel.

Across

1 . digest, 6. partially, 7. task, 9. live, 10. occasionally, 1 1 . fascinating,12. watch, 14. nest, 16. stage.

E) NOW HOW'S YOUR SPETL¡NG?

238 sTRANDS oF LANGUAGE (Bt-PART D

r )round

endow

sound

dr-own

amount

account

power

allowed

shower

powder

owl

clown

sour

wound

crowd

pound

hound

shout

brow

sour

tower

coufllry

shoulder

towel

soup

crown,

flower

a3

WORD HOMOPHONE WORD HOMOPHONE

flee flea aloud allowed

steel steal stationery stationary

pail pale principal principle

here hear veil vale

arr heir whether weather

find f ined groan grown

tail tale hour our

F3 Ail¡ú... F¡*W'S YSUR FORIVIATISNüF lñfSRnS?

r >NOUN + NOUN ADJ.iADV. + (VERB) ADJ. + NOUN

traffic lights

sun glasses

week-end

self-control

easy-gorng

good-looking

widespread

well-meant

window-shopping

shortcoming

blackboard

greenhouse


2>

VERB ABSTRACTNOUN VERB ABSTRACT

NOUN

explore exploration inform information

arrange arrangement excite excitement

amaze amazement promote promotion

fix fixation judge judgement

embody embodiment define definition

ratify ratification argue argument

organrze organrzalron starve starvation

G) USING ENGUSH APPROPRTATETYAND PUTTING IT INTO MOTION

r )g) since

h) for

i) sincej) for

k) since

a) since

b) for

c) for

d) since

e) for

f) since

2>


conscious of

qualified for

patient with

familiar with

tired of

concerned with/ about

capable of

graleTut Tor

guilty of

fond of

convenient for

absent from

different from

responsible for:

disappointed with

3)a) a few

b) a few

c) little

d) few

e) l i t t le

f) a little

g) a few

4)

h) little

i) a few

j) little

k) few

l) a few

m) a l i t t le

n ) a f e w / f e w

Mary is always chatting on MSN instead of doing her homework, thatis why she is doing so poorly at school.

I normally leave the gymnasium before he arrives, so I hardly eversee him there.

We always go out for lunch on Sundays because my mother doesn'tlike to cook.

I never phone her now that she is abroad because it is too expensive.

We seldom go on vacation because we can't afford it.

I didn't watch the science fiction film because I hardly ever enjoy thiskind of f i lm.

I have frequently complained to the manager but he doesn't seem tobe doing anything to solve the problem.

My parents (nearly always/seldom/ hardly ever) come to my house onSunday afternoons when they are in town.

5)a) This is the painting (which) they have paid so much money for.

b) This is the store (which) | bought al l our furni ture in.

c) John is the neighbour (whom) | went on hol iday with.

d) Mr. Smith is the teacher (whom) I borrowed the book from.

e) The pub (which) we met in dates from 1865.

f) The town (which) he was born in is in the North of England.

g) The man (who) | spoke to was very helpful.

h) The company (which) we work for is very smal l .


a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

f )

s)

h)

i) The person (whom) he heard the news from was his sister.j) The knife (which) he cut himself with was very sharp.

Note: the relatives in brackets are often omitted in spoken English.

ó)

a) at the time

b) on time

c) at times

7>a) for, until

b) from

c) about, from

d) for, with

e) until, with

f) with, by

g) on, with, until

d) in time

e) at one time

h) after, for

i) bvj) with, until

k) for, on, about

l) about, for

m) from, on/for


A) WARMING UP


1) Open answer.

2) Open answer.

3) Open answer.

B) ORAL DTSCOURSE

b) Discuss with your tutor or classmates.

1) Open answer.

2) Open answer.

3) Open answer.

4) Open answer.

5) Open answe.

c) MULil-TASKTNG ACTTVTTTES

Step I

WRITTEN PRODUCT¡ON. Ooen answer

(Discuss with your tutor or classmates).

KEY TO EXERCISES AND TASKS - SOLUTIONS UNIT ó: LANDSCAPE AND. . 243

Slep 3

r )1 . c

2 . b

2>a) surroundings / environment / setting.

b) beings;aesthetic.

c) environment / setting.

d) crowded; comfortable.

e) view.

3) ORAL PRODUCTTON

Open answers. (Discuss with your Tutor and/or classmates)

4) WR|TTEN PRODUCTTON

Open answer.

3 . a

4 . c

5 . a

D) TACKLING VOCABUL/ARY

a) valuable / invaluable

b) estimated

c) evaluate

d) valuable / invaluable

e) worthless

D valued

g) value

h) valuable / priceless


r )

2'

Down

2. eftort, 3. value,reshape, 16. f lat.

Across

1. sett ing, 4. forest, 7. surroundings, 9. rearrange, 10. landscape, 13.design, 14. mere, 15. shel ter , 17. env i ronment .

3)a) deliberately

b) incidental

c) shelter

d) distinctive

4>a) on holiday

b) take for granted

c) for instance

d) by no means

e) Apart from

f) after all

s)

e) obvious

f) expense

g) seldom

h) profoundly

a) She suddenly turned about and started running/ to run.

b) | have seen them sitting about on the grass.

c) We had a nice t ime walking about in the park.

d) She's tired of seeing the children hanging about the streets all day.

e) He'l l get up late tomorrow and wil l l ie about al l day.

f) A group of people are standing about at the door of the shoppingcentre.

KEY TO EXERCISES AND TASKS - SOLUTIONS UNIT ó: LANDSCAPE AND. . 245

E) NOW HOW'S YOUR SPEIL|NG?r )

F) AND... HOW'S YOUR FORMATTONOF WORDS?

r )marriage

refusal

denial

arrival

passage

trial

package

recital

breakage

proposal

srorage

carriage

renewal

revival

approval

postage


2>

2>practical

criminal

natural

conversational

economical

hypothetical

central

psychological

national

musical

fatal

fictional

occasional

colonial

formal

phrasal

G) USrNG ENGUSH APPROPRIATELYAND PUTTING ¡T INTO MOTION

r )a) Whenever it is, I won't be able to go.

b) Wherever i t is, l ' l l l ike i t .

c) Whoever it was, (s)he didn't tell you the truth.

d) Whatever you do, it'll be all right.

e) Whenever he goes, they' l l be glad to see him.

f) Wherever you buy the car, it'll be expensive.

g) Whenever he went to town, he brought her a present.

h) Whenever you arrive, call me up/phone me.

2>a) lsn't this the bus you are waiting for?

b) That's the lady we have been talking about.

c) Those are theories l' l l never believe in.

d) ls this the article you were interested in?

e) That's the same disease Leslie suffered from.

f) lt is a possibility I had never thought of.

g) This is the kind of job I will never get tired of.

h) There were a few things he never got used to.

KEY TO EXERCISES AND TASKS - SOLUTIONS UNIT ó: LANDSCAPE AND.,. 247

3)a) Bill is heavier than Tom.

b) Alice is sl immer than Bil l .

c) Tom is as l ively as Bil l .

d) Alice is as tall as Tom.

e) Tom is as intelligent as Alice.

f) Tom is less creative than Alice.

Tom isn't as creative as Alice.g) Tom is younger than Bil l .

4)a) wouldn't be;didn't eat

b) drank, would feel

c) took;wouldn't be

d) wouldn't get;weren't

e) passed;would go

f) could;were

g) helped;would f inish

h) wouldn't turn; kept

i) would walk;didn't have

5)a) are you going; l 'm going.

b) phones.

c) are you staying; I'm coming back;stay.

d) alter.

e) does the train to Newcastle leave.

f) is living; prefers.

g) suppose; isn't coming.

h) am meet ing; imagine.

i) are having lunch; eat.j) is having; l ies down.

248 sTRANDS oF LANcUAGE (Bt-pART t)

ó)

a) in

b) at

c) in, at / in

d) at

7'a ) A , A

b) the, the

c ) b , @ , a

d) the, the, the

e) at

f) in

g) at, in

h) in

e) @, the

f) the, the

g) O, the, the

¡ )

i)k)

at

rn

tn

H) TANGUAGE AND TITERATURE:THE CONNECTION

Mark Twain describes the atmosphere at Interlaken in the firstparagraph, and he places emphasis on the great amount of sunshineand energy-giving light of the place.

Adjectives: peaceful, pleasant, brill iant, life-giving, good. All of themhave a positive connotation attached to their meanings.

He describes the view from his room at the Victoria Hotel.

Lofty mountain barrier; inverted pyramid; a spotless mass of gleamingsnow; the dark-colored barrier; the glowing snow-pile; the mostengaging and beguiling and fascinating spectacle that exists on theearth; nobly proport ioned; etc.

e) Open answer.

f) Mainly visual images of color (Nothing could be whiter/ The tint wasgreen, slightly varying shades of it, but mainly very darkl faint bluishhazel a roaring conflagration of blinding white etc.). Also a religiousimage (saintlier). All these images also help visualize the mountain,as well as the description of the position of the sun.

3)a) Elements of the narrative:

There is no abstract in this narrative.

KEY TO EXERCISES AND TASKS - SOLUTIONS UN|T ó: LANDSCAPE AND ,. 249

a)

b)

c)

d)

Orientation:

I wake up from the sweet sound of my music center playing Beethoven. I openmy eyes and see a picture of a girl standing near the piano. The eyes of the younggirl are full of happiness and I feel her unconcealed delight and confidence. Whatcan I tell you about this girl from Bucharest? She is very enthusiastic andoassionate about what she is devoted to.

Complicating action:

Music has changed her life ever since she turned seven when she impresseda music teacher and successfully passes an audition to the music school. Thesounds of piano penetrated her mind and soul and made the girl perceive theworld truly deep. She never had time to play with her friends as she was alwaysnear her piano trying to play better, trying to feel the instrument better. This wasthe moment when everybody realized that she is the type that never leavesanything undone, the type that struggles and overcomes obstacles that preventher from achieving her goal. She was always trying to improve and she managedit owing to her originality, imagination, creativity and persistence. Playing thepiano was not enough - she needed to sing and that is how she got to theNational Performing Arts School of Bucharest to study vocal music.

Evaluation:

There is an explicit evaluation of the girl from Bucharest in theOrientation (She is very enthusiastic and passionate about what she is devotedtol. And there is also an implicit positive evaluation of her work and humantraits afl along the narrative (e.9. She's the type that never leaves anythingundone, the type that struggles and overcomes obstacles that prevent her fromachieving her goal. She was always try¡ng to improve and she managed it owingto her originality, imagination, creativity and persistence)

Resolution:

She got The Romanian Youth Award at the "Golden Music Festival" in 2004,the Popularity Award at "Radu Serban National.

Coda:

Ever since that moment she sang and played with a passion even strongerthan she showed before.

250 sTRANDS oF LANGUAGE (Br PART r)

b) There is a lot of descriptive structure in this narrativeo that has to dowith the description of both the physical and personality characteristics ofthe girf from Bucharest. E.g. The eyes of the young girl are fult of happinessand I feel her unconcealed delight and confidence;She is very enthusiastic andpassionate about what she is devoted to.

KEY TO EXERCISES AND TASKS - SOLUTTONS UN|T ó: LANDSCAPE AND .. 251

Solutions lo Self-Evslustion (Unit | )I )

1 . f

2 . d

1 . a

2 . d

3 . c

4 . 9

3 . c

4 . b

3 . a

4 . c

3 . b

4 . c

5 . a

5 . b

5 . ca

b

3)

4'

1 .

2.

1 . d

2 . c

5 . d

KEy To EXERCISES AND TASKS - soLUTtoNS To sELF-EVALUATIoN UNITS t-ó 2S3

Solulions fo Self-Evoluolion (Unif 2)

1 . c

2 . d

1 . b

2 . b

1 . b

2 . b

254 sTRANDS oF LANcUAGE (Br-IART r)

r )3 . b

4 . 9

3 . c

4 . b

3 . d

4 . a

5 . a

5 . d

5 . a

5 . b

4>1 . d

2 . c

3 . d

4 . c

Solutions to SelfEvqluolion Unil 3

5 . a

1 . b

2 . c

5 . a

KEy To EXERCISES AND TASKS - soLUTtoNS To sELF-EVALUATIoN UNITS I -ó 255

$olulions fo Self Evqluqtion Unit 4

5 . 9

r )

2>

3)

1 . c

2 . d

1 . e

2 . c

1 . b

2 . c

1 . c

2 . d

3 . a

4 . b

3 . d

3 . a

3 . a

4 . b

3 . b

4 . b

5 . a

5 . a

5 . d

4)

256 STRANDS oF LANGUAGE (Br-PART D

$olutions to Self Evalustion Unit 5

e . l

4 . c

A A

5 . a

KEy To EXERCTSES AND TASKS - soLUTroNS To sELF-EVALUATIoN UNITS r -ó 257

Solulions lo Self Evoluofion Unil ó


Documents

Strands of Lenguage b1 PartI(b) Spravna