Steven A. Kunsman (USA) CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2 Preferential Subject 2 Specification and Evaluation of Substation Automation Systems Special Report

Steven A. Kunsman (USA)

CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2

Preferential Subject 2Specification and Evaluation of Substation

Automation Systems

Special Report Summary

Steven A. Kunsman(USA)

Special Reporter

Calgary, Canada (15-Sept-2005)



Report Overview

Preferential Subject 2 addresses Substation Automation (SA) Systems specification and bid evaluation process

Fifteen papers from eight countries

Special Report develops five main categories:Process and experience of SA Systems SpecificationsPrivatization impacts on infrastructure and specificationsFirst experiences with IEC 61850 based specificationsApplications and test methods of SA SystemsTrends in SA Systems (functional consolidation)



Process and experience of SA Systems Specifications

Paper # Title Author(s)B5 201 Guidelines for Specification and Evaluation of SAS B5-WG18FR01 208 Formal Approach for Specification of Automatisms in RTE SAS Bongrain, …FR02 209 Determination of functional Specification based on Analysis … Leitoff, …IN01 211 SA Experience of Tata Power, Spec requirements and performance … Patki, …RO01 212 Practical Experience on Substation Protection and Control Equipment Gal, …

CIGRE Study Committee B5-WG18 report summary of SA System specification and evaluation of bid offerings

based on utility and vendor experiences

Describes fundamental components required in the preparation of a comprehensive SA System specification:

Specify functionality and not definition of the solutionIdentity critical performance criteriaProject execution is as important as the technical solutionNeed for bid evaluation





Utility experience in specification process and deployment of an automation systemChallenge was to make the specification:

Easy to understandRemain on a functional level and not define solutionsProvide a means to test the implemented functionality

Benefits realized in the formal specification process:Fewer efforts in development and testReuse of the formal specification for future projectsBetter understanding of the application by suppliersLong term value through reuse





Utility method for developing an SA System functional specification for medium and high voltage substations

Decomposition and functional analysis of an existing electro-mechanical/static protection and control systemFunctional analysis used to define the functional requirements for new SA System specificationMethod reviewed safety and maintenance related activities to provide additional aspects of the functional specification





Utility specification process for new centralized control conceptEvaluation of installed system architecture and performance

Different ages and versions commissioned over 15 yearsAudit/assessment of current functionalityMigration of solution towards open architecturesImplementation based on standard-based protocols





Utility practical experience gained during specification processFunctionality to achieved (derived from the single lines)Performance requirements (communication, time-sync, reliability, availability, maintainability, security and expandability)Constraints for process and communication interfaces and physical limitations

Resulting specification major sections:Functionality and allocation of functions, Protection and control architectureSystem performance and system constraints



Privatization impacts on infrastructure and specifications

Paper # Title Author(s)AU01 202 Power System Communication Challenges in a Privatized Environment Orlowski, ...DE01 204 Substation Control Technology requirements for User Purposes … Ludwig, …

Utility issues related to power system communication infrastructure impact and utilization due to the privatization and separation of the utility’s distribution and transmission entities

Lack of FundingNeed to invest significant cost to upgrade old communication infrastructuresLegacy communication systems are left in place for existing functionality and operate co-existent with modern systems

High costs to operate legacy infrastructureIncreased maintenance cost, difficult to find spare components, and decreased availability.




Paper # Title Author(s)AU01 202 Power System Communication Challenges in a Privatized Environment Orlowski, ...DE01 204 Substation Control Technology requirements for User Purposes … Ludwig, …

Utility experience and de-regulation factors that have caused change in the substation control system requirements

Infrastructure investments highly scrutinizedHigh value on integration of new functions and applications

Reduction of costsIncreased reliability

Increased use of standards and commercially available components

Ease of integrationSignificant reduction of component costs



First experiences with IEC 61850 based specifications

Paper # Title Author(s)CH01 203 First Experiences with customer specifications based on IEC 61850 SAS Brand, …DE02 205 IEC 61850 Implementation Accelerates on the data-highway Wong, …ES01 206 Iberdrola Group Experience about Specification and purchasing … Torres, …

Supplier experiences in customer IEC 61850 SA Systems specifications

Specification requirements and supplier interpretation may not provide a solution fulfilling the intended specification

Dependant on knowledge of IEC 61850

From a functional perspective, IEC 61850 does not differ from traditional SA System SpecificationsIEC 61850 is a means for different and potentially cost-effective solutions





Supplier experiences and benefits of IEC 61850 SAS specification and design based on IEC 61850 was simplified

Standardized application function (Logical Nodes)Elimination of protocol convertersFewer components count in the SAS

Main benefits Reduce complexityCosts savings in specification, design, implementation and commissioning of SA Systems





Utility specification process experience in new IEC 61850 based SASIntended to be standard design for at least the next 10 yearsMain motivation for an IEC 61850 based systems to:

Achieve manufacturer interoperability Realize advanced engineering process and maintenance procedures

Process contributors from past experience and improvement recommendation from all organization with previous involvement in SAS

Engineering, telecontrol, protection, maintenance and operationsSignificant investment needed for the development of the specification

Cost to be recovered through improvements in required engineering efforts and maintenance facilities



Applications and test methods of SA Systems

Paper # Title Author(s)ES02 207 Automation functions in Integrated Distribution Substations MontoyaUS01 213 Requirement Specification for Evaluation of an Automated SMS KezunovicUS02 214 IEEE C37.115-2003 Standard Test Method for Use in the Evaluation … Holstein, …US03 215 Functional Testing of IEC 61850 Bases Substation Automation System Vandiver,…

Overview of a substation automation control system applicationUse of modern IEDs and the benefits of digital technology

Main advantages of the automated substation system are:Control from remote locationReduction of wiringImproved maintenance and operations applicationsImproved reliability from functional consolidation





Requirements for automated Substation Monitoring System (SMS)Main issues being solved in this SMS requirement:

Data collected from various IEDs lack verification and can result in erroneous calculationsOperators inability to effectively extract the required information due to amount and format of data

Functions described in this solution are:Circuit breaker monitor analysis, fault recording analysis, power quality analysis, two-stage state estimation, system wide fault analysis with fault location, switching sequence verification





Describes a standard method for the test and evaluation of communication messages in SA Systems as defined in IEEE C37.115-2003

Evaluation criteria, performance measures and test scenarios for components used in the SA System solutionStandard test scenarios illustrated as an example of the application based evaluation





Describes test requirements and applications for functional testing of IEC 61850 based SA Systems

Station bus level IEC 61850-8-1Process bus level IEC 61850-9-2

Standardization of Substation Configuration Language IEC 61850-6 also supports automatic testing of SA systems



Trends in SA Systems (functional consolidation)

Paper # Title Author(s)FR03 210 20 Years of Substation Automation Systems: changes analysis … Hossenlopp

Reports on changes in future substation automation systemsMajor drivers in electric utility are compliance with regulatory bodies, power system reliability and bottom line profit

Twenty years of functional consolidation through advances in technology and multi-function Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs)

Smaller panels than discrete protection and control systems

Technology evolution and new product introduction based on IEC 61850 will only continue the process of functional consolidation

Lower component countReduction in wiring interconnects



Onto Questions ....




Specification process depends on input from many users of the SA System.

How does the specification team value this input and prioritization requirements? What are the experiences in the utilities with the tender evaluation process?

Along with the capability of new technologies, specification and engineering of SA systems will also be influenced by new standards like IEC 61850.

How does the introduction of IEC 61850 impact the specification and engineering process? Will utilities allow for free allocation of functional elements in different devices to possibly maximize component costs savings?




Demand on the communication infrastructure will continue to increase as the accessibility ease and additional valued information is demanded.

How should future communication infrastructure utilization/expansion be included in the SA System specifications? How can these additional costs justified?

Utility security is a major issue for systems as well as tools. As soon as systems are connected the corporate Intranet or network, the security vulnerability and threat potential increases.

How should the security aspects of the SCS and SA Systems be specified to provide the flexibility in use of commercial software (e.g. web browsers)?




Key points made for SA System Specification is the requested functionality of the substation application and the utility operational philosophies. IEC 61850 “standard” does not mean a single or standard solution is required to meet different utility requirements and operation philosophies.

How do the first IEC 61850-based technical solutions differ? How do the first experiences reflect on the interoperability goal? What are key factors required in specifications assuring interoperability without losing post-engineered device inter-changeability?

Three types IEC 61850 utilities: Greenfield(new), Hybrid and retrofit (mixed SA Systems), Stay with present architecture.

How shall the “hybrid” or substation expansion projects specification take advantage and benefit from IEC 61850?How can utilities that wait for proven experience in IEC 61850 take advantage of the IEC 61850 concepts in SAS specification?Can systems can be migrated to an IEC 61850 in the future?




Migration to functional specification and the advancements in technology lead to complexity in the system making it very difficult to test. Some utility stated will rely on the vendor to assure functionality compliance. IEC 61850-10 conformance does not include application or system level testing.

How can the features (e.g. Substation Configuration Language) be utilized to assure the maximum test coverage?

Can the application test scenarios defined in IEEE C37.115 be used to assure maximum test coverage and provide validation of the SA System to the SAS specification?

How can this standard be used to accommodate application variations?



Trends in SA Systems (functional consolidation)

In many of the papers, the existing substation equipment is based on a collage of technologies from discrete devices (electromechanical) and control systems to proprietary SAS.

How to assure that SAS specification developed in 2005 allows future solutions to take advantage of future functional consolidation?

How does free allocation of functions according to IEC 61850 change the SAS physical configuration and its components?

How does the continued trend in functional consolidation influence the SA system engineering or re-engineering?

Documents

Steven A. Kunsman (USA) CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2 Preferential Subject 2 Specification and Evaluation of Substation Automation Systems Special Report