Steroid Hormone Wiki

7/25/2019 Steroid Hormone Wiki

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Steroid hormone

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaA steroid hormoneis a steroidthat acts as a hormone. Steroid hormones can be grouped into five

groups by thereceptorsto which theybind: glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids,androgens, estrogens, and progestogens. Vitaminderivatives are a si!th closely related hormone system with homologous receptors. "hey havesome of the characteristics of true steroids as receptor ligands.

Steroid hormones help control metabolism,inflammation, immune functions,salt and water balance,development of se!ual characteristics,and the ability to withstand illness and in#ury. "heterm steroiddescribes both hormones produced by the body and artificially produced medications

that duplicate the action for the naturally occurring steroids.$%&$'&$(&

Contents

$hide&

%Synthesis

o %.%Synthetic steroids and sterols

')ffects

(See also

*+eferences

Further reading

-)!ternal links

Synthesis$edit&Further information:Steroidogenesis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor_(biochemistry)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucocorticoidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralocorticoidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progestogenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_Dhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_Dhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunity_(medical)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunity_(medical)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmoregulationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmoregulationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproductionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproductionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone#cite_note-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone#cite_note-gup-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone#cite_note-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone#Synthesishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone#Synthetic_steroids_and_sterolshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone#Effectshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone#See_alsohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone#Referenceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone#Further_readinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone#External_linkshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steroid_hormone&action=edit&section=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroidogenesishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroidogenesishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor_(biochemistry)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucocorticoidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralocorticoidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progestogenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_Dhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_Dhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunity_(medical)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmoregulationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproductionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone#cite_note-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone#cite_note-gup-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone#cite_note-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone#Synthesishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone#Synthetic_steroids_and_sterolshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone#Effectshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone#See_alsohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone#Referenceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone#Further_readinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone#External_linkshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steroid_hormone&action=edit&section=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroidogenesishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid


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Steroidogenesiswith enymes and intermediates

"he natural steroid hormones are generally synthesied from cholesterolin thegonadsand adrenalglands. "hese forms of hormones are lipids."hey can pass through the cell membrane as they are

fat/soluble,$*&

and then bind tosteroid hormone receptors0which may be nuclear or cytosolic

depending on the steroid hormone1 to bring about changes within the cell. Steroid hormones aregenerally carried in the blood, bound to specific carrier proteinssuch asse! hormone/bindingglobulinorcorticosteroid/binding globulin.Further conversions and catabolism occurs in the liver, in

other 2peripheral2 tissues, and in the target tissues.

Synthetic steroids and sterols$edit&

A variety of synthetic steroids and sterols have also been contrived. 3ost are steroids, but somenon/steroidal molecules can interact with the steroid receptors because of a similarity of shape.Some synthetic steroids are weaker or stronger than the natural steroids whose receptors they

activate.$&

Some e!amples of synthetic steroid hormones:

4lucocorticoids: alclometasone,prednisone,de!amethasone,triamcinolone, cortisone

3ineralocorticoid: fludrocortisone

Vitamin : dihydrotachysterol

Androgens:apoptone,o!androlone, o!abolone,testosterone, nandrolone0also known

as anabolic steroids1

5estrogens: diethylstilbestrol0)S1 and beta estradiol
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroidogenesishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholesterolhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonadhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonadhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_glandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_glandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone#cite_note-HeffnerSchust2010-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone#cite_note-HeffnerSchust2010-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone_receptorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone_receptorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone_receptorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_hormone-binding_globulinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_hormone-binding_globulinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_hormone-binding_globulinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_hormone-binding_globulinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticosteroid-binding_globulinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticosteroid-binding_globulinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticosteroid-binding_globulinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steroid_hormone&action=edit&section=2https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steroid_hormone&action=edit&section=2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone#cite_note-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alclometasonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alclometasonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prednisonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prednisonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexamethasonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triamcinolonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triamcinolonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortisonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fludrocortisonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihydrotachysterolhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apoptone&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apoptone&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apoptone&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxandrolonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxabolonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxabolonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testosteronehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nandrolonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nandrolonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabolic_steroidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diethylstilbestrolhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroidogenesishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholesterolhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonadhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_glandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_glandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone#cite_note-HeffnerSchust2010-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone_receptorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_hormone-binding_globulinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_hormone-binding_globulinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticosteroid-binding_globulinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steroid_hormone&action=edit&section=2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone#cite_note-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alclometasonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prednisonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexamethasonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triamcinolonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortisonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fludrocortisonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihydrotachysterolhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apoptone&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxandrolonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxabolonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testosteronehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nandrolonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabolic_steroidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diethylstilbestrol


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6rogestins:danaol,norethindrone, medro!yprogesterone acetate,%7/8ydro!yprogesterone

caproate.

Some steroid antagonists:

Androgen:cyproterone acetate

6rogestins:mifepristone,gestrinone

Effects$edit&

Steroids e!ert a wide variety of effects, mediated by slow genomic as well as by rapid nongenomicmechanisms. "hey bind tonuclear receptorsin the cell nucleusfor genomic actions. 3embrane/associated steroid receptors activate intracellularsignaling cascadesinvolved in nongenomic actions.

9ecause steroids and sterols are lipid/soluble, they can diffusefairly freely from the blood throughthecell membraneand into the cytoplasmof target cells. "his is in contrast to the actions of non/steroid hormones, which are water/soluble typically peptide hormones, acting through membranebound receptors and intracellular second messenger systems to e!ert their effects. n the cytoplasm,

the steroid may or may not undergo anenyme/mediated alteration such as reduction,hydro!ylation, or aromatiation. n the cytoplasm, the steroid binds to the specific receptor, a largemetalloprotein. ;pon steroid binding, many kinds of steroid receptordimerie:"wo receptor subunits

#oin together to form one functional


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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone#cite_ref-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifierhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19942840https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone#cite_ref-HeffnerSchust2010_4-0https://books.google.com/books?id=_2yd2b8ybNoC&pg=PA16https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-9452-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-9452-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone#cite_ref-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifierhttps://dx.doi.org/10.2174%2F092986707780597880https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifierhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifierhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17504217https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone#cite_ref-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifierhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10516403https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone#cite_ref-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifierhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12422243https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone#cite_ref-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone#cite_ref-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifierhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19942840https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone#cite_ref-HeffnerSchust2010_4-0https://books.google.com/books?id=_2yd2b8ybNoC&pg=PA16https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-9452-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-9452-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone#cite_ref-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifierhttps://dx.doi.org/10.2174%2F092986707780597880https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifierhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifierhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17504217https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone#cite_ref-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifierhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10516403https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone#cite_ref-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifierhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12422243https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone#cite_ref-8


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#4' doi:#1'#1#0D'm)e'-1#4'16'116'+M23-405.556'
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifierhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.mce.2013.05.005https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifierhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23684885https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23684885https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifierhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.mce.2013.05.005https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifierhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23684885https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23684885

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Steroid Hormone Wiki