Steps to Successful Writing FULL DOCUMENT

8/3/2019 Steps to Successful Writing FULL DOCUMENT

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lntroductionSteps to Successf u WritingHereare somecommon roblemshatyoumayhaveexperienced henyouare asked o writea composition:1. Youdon'thaveenough o say about he opic.2. Youdon'tknowhow o begin.3. Youdon'tknowhow o organise our deas.4. Youare unsure f yourgrammar,pelling, unctuationndvocabulary5. Youdon'tknowhow o endyourcomposition.6. Youdon'thaveenoughime.And f that'snot enough, ou hinkyouhave o get t all right he irst imearound!Sounds mpossible? ou're ight it is.And hat'swhyyoumustlearn o lookat composition s a process, not as a finishedproducl.Thefollowing tepswillhelpyou o solvemanyof yourwriting roblems.

Before ouare ready o beginwriting ourcomposition,oumustknowwhatyouwant o sayand howto organiseour deas. he ollowing ctivities illhelp ou o do so.- i . l l la i : rs io i i : : i i ; , .

Onceyouhavechosen our opic, ouwant o start he deas lowing. eryquickly:I Make listof all deas hatcome ntoyourmind.I Don'tworry bout rammar r spelling.I Don'tworrywhetherhe dea s relevant r not.

Justquickly utdownon paperany deas ouhavebefore ou havea chance o forget hem. Youdon'tevenhave o wiite n English!)'; . Grcupir 'q .{ i i i l r r ( l t l i i iRead hroughhe istof ideas ouhavewritten own.Aresomeof them elatedo others? ourideaswillprobablyall ntoa few maingroups.Write hesamenumber r letternext o all the deasthat orma group.Do he same or he nextgroupof relateddeas.ij . {ieiting ticluf i ireicvali- : ici ' : : ,sCrossout deas hatdon't it intoanyof yourgroups..:i.. i'.r.:lrTlinCihi-: gliiirps

Giveeachgroupa name.Thiswillhelpyou n the nextstage o write he irstsentence f eachparagraphthe opic entence).5. Ci-i-iering rri' icieas

Numberhegroupsn heorder ouwould ike o mentionhem.Lookat theexample npage6.


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Composition topic:Pollution s endangeringour oceansHereare he brainstormingideasonepupilwrote:

Introduction:teps o SuccessfulWritinqblraedle

o l -n oceangf f i eTqa \no tffiebAlYfe waoLe n 98 4&ao dirtY ae eaL Po\eoni tourtsm inq {EarmVffiroirr'nrVffiaifwwno a o\negaee

e6 durf i {onauswaeT'e and sea

Look at the following brainstorming notes a student madeabout the topic: Keepingexotic petsathome.Put each of the notes into the correct group. Then add one idea of your own to each group.@Exercise"l

GROUP 'l):argumentsn favour I GROUP 2):arguments gainst I GROUP 3):consequences

ExerciseIn eachof the ollowing roupsonesentences irrelevant. rossout he rrelevantentencendgiveeachgroupa name. ollow he example.1. Name: How o makea Pizz.a 3. Name:

Computers re educational.Computers re enjoyable.Computersave ime.Computer rereplacing eople t some obs.

keep oucompanyille1altradesometimea angerouo

abandoned nimalamore excitinq than traditional petadifficult to keep

a.b.c.d.

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a. CqgDine'flourandwater o makea softdough."iw' ,.b. Plac#dough in a greased aking an.

F

c, ':d. ,Sprsedormtosauceand cheeseon the dough.' .s."'2.N&"a. QuiE a lot of shoesare made n Majorca.b.- Findout he pricebefore ou ry themon.c. Tryon bothshoesandwalk n them o makesure hey're omfortable.d. lf you'regoing o wear hemwithsocks,be sureto wearsockswhenyou ry hemon.

Many eenagers, specially oys,need o showoff.Manyyoungdrivers rink oo muchatweekends.Teenagersre easilynfluencedy their riends.Thenumber f roadaccidentsncreasesearafteryear.

4. Name:

c.d .


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Introduction:teps o SuccessfulWritinoStep2: Writing

Now hatyouhavea clear deaof whatyouwant o say,youare ready o beginwriting. gain, on'tworryaboutneatness, rammar,pelling r punctuation.ust ry o getyour deasdownon paperasquicklyas possible.Write n pencil.Leavewidemarginso makenotes n.Leave pacebetweenines oradditions ndcorrections.lf youcan't hinkof aword n English, rite t inyourmother ongue.f youcan'tspella word,write tany wayyoucan.Circle hewordso you'll emembero comebackandcheck t at the nextstage.Keepon writing.

Your omposition ill ncludehe ollowing arts:1, Theopening

Theopening s a generalpresentation f the topic n one or twosentences. ry o startyourcomposition ithan openinghat will catchyourreader's nterest"f youcan't hink how o begin,don'tworry.Go on to the body ofthe composition;oucanalwayscomeback o theopening ater.2. Thebody

Use he notes ou preparedo helpyouwrite hebodyof yourcomposition.Thenames ou gave o yourgroupsn Step1 (Preparing) ill helpyou o write he irstsentence feachparagraph.he deas hatbelongo eachgroupshould ll be nthe sameparagraph. henyou inishonegroup, tarta newparagraph.TO?ICENTENCEGROUT There reman!:7aegno1) 9: Keasoneor ocean? are 90Several havebeencausedResu?sot a reeult'of thisthe situat'ion ig garioug' oomeeolutions re

3. The closingThe closingsentenceor paragraphusually estates he opening n differentwords.


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_lryt@qe!91$tep_s_to_sggq99{!1ry{ing@fuExereise's "{ iluse he names f thegroupsn Exercise (page ) o writd h-Srst

How ,o makaa lf youwant to makea deliaious1 .2 .3.4.

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Step 3: lrnprovingWhenyouhave inishedwritinghe irst oughdraft, ouwillalmost ertainly eed o improvet. Rereadyourcompositionndclearlymark he hings hatneed mproving. heck he ollowinghings:1. Theconteni

I Haveyou ncluded llthe points ouwantedo mention? oucanstilladdnew nformation,details r examples, r crossout any deas hatseem rrelevant.2. Theorganisation

I Areyour deaseasYo follow?I Haveyoupresentedhem n a logical rder?I Haveyouusedconnectorso linkyour deas?3. The anguageI AreyoursentencesomPlete?I ls thewordordercorrect?I Are he verb enses orrect?I ls thevocabularyPProPriate?I Haveyourepeatedhe sameword oooften?I ls the oneappropriatetoo ormal/ nformal)?

4. Thespell ingndpunctuationt ls yourspelling orrect?I Doesevery entence eginwitha capitaletterandendwitha suitable unctuation ark?I Haveyouusedcapitaletterswherenecessary?

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@Exercise4Introduction:Steps o Suc_cessful riting

Correct he underlined errors. Find five more erors and correct them too.ln my oVinion,t wouldba a serious miatake to raise the minimurn qe for a drivin4licence n tlhe rrat,place,mosf,leenaqerebuy he aqe of 1Bare enouqhmaf,uretobe NrealinT ike reeponeibledulto. Ai.-Nhieqe their are raady o take there Vlaceas full membero f so?iebyand i;heqavernment ecognioesheae fact. For examVle,they can soon be able o vote in localand nacionaleleclions 9o whyehouldnt,heyalso beallowed"tn rivea car.lt,don't seem oaicalo me:

Step4: RewritingWhenyouare satisfiedwithyourwork,copy t in ink onto a cleansheetof paper.Be sure o includeallof yourcorrections.

I Makesureyourhandwritings neatand easy o read.I Leavea margin n the eft-hand ide.I Makesureyourparagraphsre clearlyndicated:

1. by ndentingmovinghe irstwordof or 2. by skipping linebefore eginningtheparagrapho the right) a newparagraph.

Bothstyles recorrect, ut beconsistentnyourcomposition.

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Unit,. . . | , i . - - . . : , . . . . . - . i - . .r -. I . . ; , _ . - i , . -The SentenceThebasicsentence

A sentence s a group of words which contains a subiect and a verb, and expressesa completeidea.The ollowing resentences:

. Birdsfly.. Susanaughed.The ollowing renotsentences. anyouseewhy?. a niceyoungman,quietand a bitshy,but witha hint of humour n his eyes' laughingand sl'toutinghappityon their wayhomefrom schoolon the lastdayof theschoolyear

. becausewehadbeen ooking orward o theirvisitln orders nd nsomepolite equests,hesubject you) s notmentioned,ut s understood.. Openthe window,please.

. Stopmaking hat noiseat once!

Ganyou change he following nto correctsentences?1. a niceyoungman,quietanda bit shy,butwitha hintof humourn hiseyes2. laughing ndshouting appily n theirwayhome romschoolon the astdayof theschool ear3. wegave o Peter

@Exercise1

4. camevery ate n theevening5. an expensiveoldbraceletoundherwrist6. rainsa lot

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Unit : The SentenceAdditions to the basic sentence

Inadditiono the subject nd heverb, he sentencemayalsocontain:Direct nd ndirectbjects

. Dave wrote a letter ta me.Describing ords adjectives nd adverbs)

. I couldn't lift the heavy box. (adjective)

. I lifted the box easily. (adverb)Tinreexpressions

. I usually phone my grandparents once a week.Complementsadditions manner, lace, ime)

. She hid the money under the mattress.

fndicatewith a tick(/l which of the following are sentences.Makeany necessaryadditions to thoseyoudid not tick.1. Our amilyon this and or manygenerations.---l

@Exercise

2. Stopt

3. Often nows n thispartof tne country.Ll

4. Althoughmy parentswere,both orn n engnnO. -l

5. I disagree.

6. We enjoy erymuch.LJ

7. They ented smallflaton a quietstreet. I I

8. A lovely arden nda beautifulview f the sea. fl

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Unit l :The SentenceThe hreemainkindsof sentences

Thereare hreemainkindsof sentences:1. Simpleentences

. He tried hard.

. He couldn'tmovetherock.2. Compoundentencestwo imple entencesoined ya conjunctionuchas and,but,or )

. He tried hard, but he couldn'tmove the rock.simplesentence simpE sentenceWecan eaveout the secondsubject f it is thesameas the first.

. He tried hard, but couldnTmove the rock.3. Complexentencesasimple enience lusoneor more ependentiauses)

, Althoughhe triedhard, he couldn't move therock.dependent clause main clause (simple sentence). I enjoyed the film which we saw last night.maindause @endentdau*

Join the simplesentenceso form compoundor complexsentences. heremay be more han onepossibleanswer.1. Thecar brokedown.We had o takea bushome.

2. Jackstudiedawat Harvard. e received isdegree n 1991.

@Exercise3

3. We wereon holiday.We visitedSpain.We sawa bullfight.4. Architectures a profession.t requires reativity.t also equiresechnical nowledge.

5. Theastronautsookcoursesn flightmechanics.hey ookcoursesn rocket ngines,oo.Theyalsostudiedhegeology f the moon.

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Uni t1 :TheSentenceWord order

Thewordorderof an English entences very ixed.Theorder s:i sr"ibject;r.*------I Thechildren

They; lL._

verb,sseemedvisitwill retum

objectis)

theircousinsI it toyou

additionsa goodstudent.veryhappyyesterday.every summer.nert week.

Never eparatehe verb rom ts object(s).Wecannotsay:, Theyviqfreverysummer heir cousins.

Timeexpressionsan alsocomeat the beginning f thesentence., Every summer they visit heircousins.

lf theres more hanoneaddition,he usualorder s: manner, lace, ime.. The! spoke quietly in the living-room all evening.

Rearrangehe following groups of words to form correct sentences.1. they theartexhibition lastweek visited

@Exercise42. French speaks Kareni fluently3. stole someone my bike yesterday4. not please the animals do / feed5. the ruth me ltold / thechildren6. his car lent my father me7. injured at the ootballmatch Tom badly yesterdayhis knee

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Unit1:TheSentencePunctuation

A sentencemust beginwith a capital etterand endwith a full stop(.),a questionmark ?)or anexclamationmark !).Weputa comma ,) betweentems n a list,but not before he wordsand or or.

. Hesuddenlystopped alking, urnedand started o run.

. Youmay order coffee, ea, orangeuice or lemonade.A nondefining elative lause s separated y commasrom he rest of the sentence.

. I candistinctly ememberMr. Madden,who taught us English.

. Mr. Grant,whogrewup with mymother, s an ald friendof the family.We usuallyputa commaattera dependent lausewhen t comesat the beginning f a sentence.. lf you'reever n Toronto,drop n and visit us.But: . Drop n and visit us if you'reever n Toronto.

Add the neGessary apital lettersand punctuation o each of the following sentences.1. wearegoingon a tourof England ranceHolland nd taly2. whereareyougoing o spend ourholiday3. if youphonenowyou maybe able o geta ticket4- watchout5. the platypuswhich ives nAustralia s oneof theworld'sstrangest nimals

@Exercise 5 L

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uni*A',L :. . . . - . - . 1 . . - - . .raphhe

Thepartsof a paragraphA paragraphs a groupof sentences bouta certain opic.A paragraphas hreemainparts:1. The opicsentences usuallyhe irstsentence f theparagraph.t should ea short, eneralstatementwhichstates he main deaof the paragraph.. Theaverage eenagerwatches oomuch TV.. Most studentsind it difficult o wite a compositionn English.2' Thesupportingenlencesevelophe opicsentence ygiving easons, etails ndexamples.All of thesupporting entencesn a paragraphmust elate o thetopicsentence.Do not ncludeunrelateddeas.3. Theconcludingentenceummariseshe main deaof theparagraph,lthought is notalwaysnecessary.

In the model paragraphabove, ind and label the following:. the opicsentence. thesupporting entences. theconcluding entence

@Exercise1

Thereare several easonowhymoreand morepeople re movinq ut of citiee.gome VeoVle,tired of livin1 n crowdedblockeof ffats, Vreferaprivate housewith a 7arden n the country.Others are atiraciod by the ?eaceand quiet ofIife in the suburbe.Manyare lookinq or aheallhierenvironmentor their children. inally,many a&ories and busineseesmoveout ofthe citiee and into the euburbe, eople refollowinq n order to be nearer o their placeeofwork.For hese reaoone, ountry lite e becomingmoreatlractive lo qrowinqnumbereof Veople.

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_ur4 :.1!Slarsgl?Ei1ExerciseReadeach opicsentence nd eachof thesentences elow t. tlecidewhichsentences rerelevanto the opicand crossout any hatare not.1. Dogsmakewonderfulets.

a. Dogsarefriendlyandaffectionate.b. Therearemanydifferent indsof dogs-c. Theyare oyal.d. Theyprovideuswith companionship.

2. TomHanks s an excellent ctor.a. Hehas an extraordinarybility o portrayhis characters onvincingly.b. Heplaysbothcomicandserious olesequallywell.c. Tomhas a boyishcharmwhichmakeshim seemyoungerhanhis age.d. Tom eceived n AcademyAward or his part n the filmPhiladelphia.

ExerciseChoosehe best opicsentence'foracn$raSraprrberog@q1. V1amin6 or example,s necessaryor tlegrowth t"teethn{gnfes.TheB vitamins,oo,areneededior1'*W**Ns torhd$bv,Jqnnd ves.itamin$isierelh:1:1-ffiJilrj"o toessels,no'fitaffir brooo.gffi.{pntinued,lack of any .is.;.,

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2. Masks hat arewom fordisguiseare usuallydecoratedwith hefeaturs of a personor an animal.Suchmasksarewom all over heworldat fancydressparties, amivalsand otherspecialoccasions. heyareoftena partof holiday elebrations,uchas the Carnivaln Veniceon the GanaryslandsandHallowe'enn the UnitedStates.Protectivemasks,on the otherhand,servea morepracticalfunction.For example,metalworkersftenwear maskswith a specialfilter hatprotectsheir eyes rom ntenselightand lying parks.a. Maskscanbe made rom a varietyof materials.b. A mask s a covering sed o disguise r protectheface-c. Peoplehavewommasks hroughout umanhistory.

Exercise4Matcheach opic sentence 1-3)with a suitable concluding sentence a'c).1. Smoking s harmful o your health. a.2. Smokingshouldbe banned n public b.

places.3. Parentswho smoke may harm their c.children'shealth.

, *aminaar: :Tl f f i * ,* .11. s - iof

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Concerned arents houldstop smokingortheir children's ood, f not or their own.lf youvalueyourhealth, oushouldavoidsmoking.Peoplewhoaredeterminedo smokeshouldonlybe allowedo do so in their ownhomes.

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Unit2: The ParagraphWhat makes a good paragraph

A goodparagraph xpresses nlyone main idea. Themoment ouwish o discussa differentdea,youmustbegina newparagraph.A goodparagraph akes ensebecause ll of theparts it togetherwelland ogically.t mustbeeasyto readand understand.oucanachievehis by:1. usingpronounso referback o the keynouns n the ext.Sometimes, e maychooseorepeat hekey nouns o remind he readerwhoor what we are talkingabout.. Thereare many workingchildren all over thewodd.Someof them are employedin agriculture,others in tactorieswhere hey may work ar longhoursunderdifficultconditions,often uiningtheir healtftat an early age.Children makeupan importantpart of the workforce n same eounties-2. using onnectorso show he relationshipetweendeas:

to add nfornration. The ob is interestingand thepay is good. n addition, my co-workersare allveryfriendlyand helpful.to slrow parallelituation

. Parentsoften havedifficultycommunicatingwiththeir ehildren.n the same way,teenagersoften ind it impossibleo confide n theirparents.to showa contrast. Manyof thegirlswereexcellentat languages-An the ather hand, theboysgenerally id betterat maths.lo showa resi-rlt. The teacherdid her best o createa pleasantatmospheren the classroom.As aresult, she was well ikedby thepupils.to show equence. I considered hematter settled and didn't thinkany moreabout t. A few dayslater, I overhearda conversationwhich mademe changemy mind.

3. organisingour deasogicaliy.here reseveralwaysnwhich paragraphorcomposition)an beorganisedogically. omeof theseare:order f mportanceArrangehe nformationn theorderof importance,tartingwith he most mportantoints.listing ointslf there s no particularrderof importance,ist hepointsn anyorder ouwish.chronoiogicairderArrangehe acts n he order hey akeplace.Use imeexpressionso show herelationshipetween vents.fo randagainstFirstgive he advantages,hen he disadvantages,r the reverse.comparisonndcontrastShowhow hingsaresimilar o and different rom eachother.causeandeffectFirstgive he causes,hen he results.

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Unit2: The Paragraph@Exercise5Fill n the blankswithsuitable onnectorsrom he box.

As a result In addition In th e same way On the other hand Soon afterwards1. Peoplen Meditenaneanountries ave raditionally aten ow-fatdiets., the northernEuropean iet s rich n fat.2. Michael nd Judymet when hey wereboth students t the same university., they got married and moved to Scotland.3. Moneyas we know t has not alwaysexisted.The NorthAmerican ndiansusedbeadsas money.

, shells were once used as money in Africa, India and China.4. ln order o be practical,moneymustbe easy o carryand come n piecesof standard alue., it mustbe widelyaccepted s a meansof paymentorgoodsandservices.5. Foryears, he massmediahasbeenconducting n advertising ampaign esigned o convince sthat hin s beautiful.aboutheirweight. , manypeople n our societyworryconstantly

Exercise 6Number he sentencesbelow in the correct order to form a paragraph.The topic sentencewill benumber1. Underline he words and expressions hat helpedyou determine he order.a. ln addition,lhe rea s blessedwitha widevariety f plantandanimal ife"

b. Manydifferent indsof animals anbe found here, oo, ncluding widevariety f birds.c. Ordesa,nthenorthof Spain,s a nature-lover'saradise.d. Insidehe imits f the nature eserve, oucanobservehemas they eedand estnot arfrom he visitors.

So if you ovenature,be sure o visit Ordesa..Whereverou ook from he snow-cappedrecha e Elolandoo the sparkling aterfallslGolade Caballo thereare ovelyviews oryou to enjoy.

g. lnspring, or example,he hillsides recoveredwithdarkgreengrassand brightly olouredwlldflowers.a. #J of all, here s the beautifulcenery.

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Steps to Successful Writing FULL DOCUMENT