1jVHh tF

_wh gUt

2bghU : cy njha cf midJF Kjtdhf sF Phnw! y fhQ ftif fU beffS cdh isjit. it midJ c njha uhY fbuhahY

cUthd wid bgwit. futnd! jj mHa brtbghUf midij cdnf gilayh tzFnwh. futh! vf jiytnd! cdF vjid gilayhf itJ tzFtJ vgjid mahJ, vkF

tHa bghUfisna gilayh jtiw brJnlh. MD,

v iH bghWJ bghbdh R Fiuf nj iuJ tUf.

bghf tghL

jj f J; jj fUJ jj bef J; jj J; jj J; jj x ~nj!

jj U jj Udnf ntjd futh!fdf unk fLna tLfuth vf nfhnt!

jj brtij ntjdbriH ah mJtntW tzf ahmahJ Tnwh.futh fL tUth!

a kQnlh, Qnlh,xnlh, yKnlh,Unlh, vl thJ bghUSKnlh?futh fJ tUth!

fU kdK gh cUdo gilJ nlhfuth! VW kthcajth, c Kjny! *

- e. r_

a xW br

*

3 y h k k Q Q x y U i y . vyhnk clUJ wjit. vdnt, cid fJ nghw vl vbghUS iy. fUnghY a kdJlD jhd c l D c d J U t o f i s g J g i l J n l h . midY caj , tiw VW kJ mU thahf! brhbghU : U - brt; ntjd - gilayKJ; fdf - bgh; u - Fiu; nfh - mur; fL - iuJ.

Ma F

abga : e. ntfl kfhf

idbga : e. r_

C : jrh khtlYs Fgnfhz

bjh : 1924 - 1938tiu tHFiuP. 1938 - 1954tiu nfh Uthf mYty.

vGJg : fijf, kufijf, Jfijf,

Xuf ehlff.

fhy : 15.08.1900 - 04.12.1976

F : e .r_ fij f Ugjh who fhy

ya JiwF a wfis nrUwd. ghuF fij ku

Ug isjit tuJ gilf. tuJ e. r_ fijf vD

lbgWs vgJ_W fijf xW bghf tghL vD fij.

kh dhf

m. wtadhf

1. ca ilia njbjLJ vGJf.

m. fdf vgj bghU .

1. brt 2. bgh 3. k

M. u vgj bghU .

1. gR 2. Fiu 3. ahid

2. J vGJf.

1. bef = 3. kQnlh =

2. yKnlh = 4. do =

3. tU brhfis brhbwhl mikJ vGJf.

f, f, fut, fU, c.

M. FWdhf

1 . futdh isj bghUf vit? 2. futlUJ wjit vit?. Wdh

futDF gilayhfgl bghUf vit?

4cH w

nk oFif ntntj nehFif

M jnj mUSif - Nidia

Fif vW iyFif ^

fhFif fhuhs if.

- fg

5bghU : cHt! iff, V oJ cH brw iffsh; ntgilia ifny oJs kdfS MtnjhL nehFw

iffsh; nkhu mJs c iff, tUgtF vyh tiuahJ tHF iffsh. ViH kf tWik Jgkha gia nghF

iffsh; vW cG bjhny cy iyahdJ; ntsh brnth iffns vbwW cfSF milfy mw iffsh.

brhbghU: nk fyig, V; ntj - kd; M - nkhu; Nid - clhF

tWik Jg; fhuhs - nkfij MSwtfsha cHt.

Ma F

abga : fg

wj C : njuG, kyhLJiwF

mik csJ.

Mjjt : rilag ts

aa f : fguhkhaz, rlnfhgujh,

VbuGgJ, ruRt mjh, Uif tHf.

w : f bga fg, fgL

fLj fghL.

fhy : gulh whL.

kh dhf

m. wtadhf

ca ilia njbjLJ vGJf.

1. ntj vgj bghU

m. mikr M. ts . kd

2. M vgj bghU

m. y M. njhL . nkhu

M. FWdh

fg aa f ahit?

. Wdh

cHt iffis fg vthW wJ TWwh?

6( KFj, nty, fa, nguha beLkhw, ntshmYty th )

KFj : ntyh! tzf. ehis eh nfhit eilbgW

ntshik gfiyfHf ffhF bry Unwh. eKl fa tUtjhf Tsh.

nty : f k. mnfjh v khkh beLkhw

nguhauhf gah tUwh; mtiu rfyh.

KFj : f k.

(kWeh KFj, nty, fa Ma _tU nfhitFbrW, ntsh ffhia ghJ kwd. mnghJ nguha

beLkhwid rJ, aif ntshik FJ nfwd.)

_tU : tzf.

nguha : thf, thf tzf.

nty : khkh! tf KFj, fa. v egf. ehf

ffh fhz tnjh. cfis ghJ ngr tnjh.

ciueil

aif ntshik( nefhz )

7nguha : mgoah? eyJ. (_tiu Uif cfhu brj)

ntyh! o mkh, mgh kW vyhU eykh?

nty : midtU eykhf Uwhf, khkh...

nguha : nf ffhia ewhf ghfsh? mffh

cfis

8fa : fhy m~J aYkh, Iah?

nguha : V ayhJ? jnghJ ntshJiw aif

ntshikF vd j cUthfgLsJ.

nty : ffh aif ntshik, rhw

F J ntshmYty th vfSF a fUJfis Tdh.

nguha : mgoah! th v khztjh. th MY goY

gY wJ sFtjhf nfgnl. thUf, eh midtU aif ntshik ffh lYF brnth.

th, vgo Uwh? cid khztdhf ghjJ. nghJ ntshik mYtyuhf gahWtjid f L k m i l n w . v k U k f D mtDila egfS ngaJFJ, vl b g U i k a h f T d h f . m t f S F n k Y fUJf ytiw TWj ntL.

nt.mYty : mgona MfL, Iah.

KFj : aif ntshik TWf vwh vd?

nt.mYty : cGj, ijj, bjhG cuLj, ghRj, fis

vLj, fhj Kjad aif ntshik TWfsh. TWghLfis eF czJ, e jH cHbjhiy aif Kiw wghf nkbfhld; cyfjh gia ngh tjd; tUwd.

fa : yij vgo cGj ntLbkW brhYf, Iah?

nt.mYty : ewhf nflh. ijFK yij ggl cGj

ntL. mjhtJ, xUgy vils kiz fhgy vil msF cyUtiu cGLj ntL. jidjh tSt Fw TWwh.

bjhoG f~rh cz objU ntlhJ rhy gL.

nty : mfy cGtjidl MH cGj eW vgJnghyth?

9nt.mYty : M, mgonajh. mbghGJjh UF k nkY,

nkUF k G uS. kYs fis ijf KisF. L L cH brnghJ fisf , k GahF.

fa : ebr, br vwh vd, Iah?

nt.mYty : tsfJ ebr y. y be, fU, thiH

Kja gf is. ts Fiwj gF br. jid thd ghj vd e ntsh kf TWt. y is gf gUtkiHia ena UF. y f, nftuF, id, tuF, rhik, Jtiu, bfhS, fhuhk Kja gf is.

KFj : br y yhk vgo g is, Iah?

nt.mYty : vyh kiHia ejh. gUtnj g br, Mogl

njo ij vD gHbkhfSnfg fhynj g

brJ ga fld e Kndh.

nty : tWbfyh ijfis vUJ thFthf?

nt.mYty : ntsh bgUkf jhf isj gfUJ

ey ijfis njbrJ, ikgL ghJfhJ gagLJt; myJ, rhW bgw ijfis th gagLJt.

fa : ijfis vthW gagLJthf, Iah?

nt.mYty : ij beiy Kj ehwfh ijJ UgbjhU

ehKj UgijJ ehtiu tsg. d, mjid gJ ggLjgl nrW y eLt. wF, Kiwahf gh fisbaLJ aif cuL fhg.

KFj : fU thiH mjidnghnw eLthfsh, Iah?

nt.mYty : mit mgojh. fUig bto fQfshf,

thiH fWfis HFlD bto vLJ eLt. vbjj gF vts ilbt ntLbkgjid, e Kndh, beYF enlhl; fUF Vnuhl; thiHF

t o n a h l ; b j i d F n j n u h l v d T

brWsd. thW ilbt mikkhdh, g

10

eF fhW F; gfS brJ tsU; ey gaD jU vg.

fa : mj fhy ah, ghng, bghlha Kja cuf

Ujdth, Iah?

nt.mYty : Vjkh! e Kndh bjhG cufisna gagL jukhd

isriy fld.

nty : bjhG cuf vwh vd, Iah...?

nt.mYty : iy jiHf, ML vU, khL vU, fliy zhF,

ntg zhF, Yg zhF vd gy aif cuf csd. tiw bjhG cuf vg.

fa : aif ntshik myJ mff ntshik vwh vd?

nt.mYty : uL xWjh. mff ntshik vgJ braif

cu, - rhzbfh kUJfis gfSF gagLjhk cz cg brtJ.

nty : mff rhw vwh vd?

nt.mYty : aif myJ mff gizaF rhW tHF

Wtdd MbrJ, jFU gizF rhW tHFtJ.

KFj : grfa vwhfns, m~J vd Iah?

nt.mYty : X, mJth? gRlUJ ilF IJ bghUf

mjhtJ nfhka, rhz, gh, j, be Ma IJ

bghUfis fyJ brtnj grfa. jid

g bjgjdh, G, f gfis beUfh. J ju ntg zhF, fliy zhF, Yg zhF Kjatiw tafSF cukhf ga gLJt. gLK rzig, m, bfhS, jifL Kjatiw tsJ, mtiw mgona cGJ jiHukhf gagLJt. jdh, k tsbflhk ng ghJfhfgLtjndhL gfS eF tsU.

fa : g LfS tsJLnk!

11

nt.mYty : kjU nah Ugjidnghy gY ntlhj

L f t s u j h b r . t i w c H t fisJLt. mjF fisbaLj vgJ bga.

jidna thf tSt tUkhW TWwh.

VD ewh vULj fl D ewj fh. - Fw, 1038

KFj : fh vwh vd, Iah?

nt.mYty : fh vwh fhj vgJ bghU. gfis f jhfhj tifY, MLkhLf nkahj tifY juhk ghJfhJ tUj ntL. nffhj flD

ghfhj gU gh vg e Kndh.

nty : aif ntshik ga FJ brhYfns!

nguha : vzw eikf cL. Kakhf y, , fhW,

thbt it ijtilahk ghJfhfgLwd. kfSF cleynfw cz ilwJ. nehaw

thnt Fiwtw brt vg. cznt kUJ;

kUnj cz vD KJbkhnfg, e Kndhf

czKiw UJ tjJ. mjid ehK filongh.

_tU : e, Iah.

kh dhf

m. wtadhf

1. ca ilia njbjLJ vGJf.

m. ntsh gfiyfHf cs l .

1. kJiu 2. brid 3. nfhit

M. ntshbjh cs TWf .

1. uL 2. ehF 3. MW

. thd ghj vgJ

1. ebr 2. br 3. bghbr

12

gilghw f

iueilgF lbgWs fodbrhfshf fUJtdtiw monfhL Lf.

fodbrhfSfhd bghUis W FG fyJiuahLf.

Jbfhl brfis kdtiuglkhf tiuf.

c) grfa vgJ bghUfsh MdJ.

1. _W 2. ehF 3. IJ

2. bghUJf.

m. be - tonahl

M. fU - enlhl

. thiH - njnuhl

13

khiybghG tHfngh Mwfiu Xu kd mgU ghY

ngbfhnl eljd. gfhy mJ. F fLikahf Uj neu.

kd kd X vz njhaJ. gh, j gY

fLFY X u KGtJ j MW ahuhyhtJ f aYkh?

gh F eLago, vdh ayhJ kdh! Mis Lf

vwh. cfsh ayhJ vgJ vdF bj. u KGtJ MW

ah whfnsh mtfSF gR tHfgL vW ehis fhiy KuR

miwJ kfSF bjf vwh kd. vd kdh, jid

ngh vd gh Gjh.

Kj eh brhdgo brf, wF ghfyh vwgo

ghl TL wglh, kd. kWeh fhiy, kd m

bjUbtF KuR mJ TwglJ. f tWik thL ViH

xUt, kd gir bgwhtJ FLgij thH itfntL

vd vdh. vdnt, vdthdhY r, ngho fyJbfhsyh

vd KobtLJ, kd Kngh wh. kdU mtid miwa

ubghGJ KGtJ MW W tUkhW T mD itjh.

mtid ffhf U fhtyiu cl mD itjh. ViH

kjD ubghGJ KGtJ MWF wh. fhtyf, mtid

u KGtJ ffhJ bfhnl Ujhf. fhiy, mtid

miHJ tJ kdl Wdhf. mtfl, vd, u KGtJ

MW t Ujhdh? vd nflh kd. Mkh kdh

vd fhtyf Tdhf. rbad VWbfhl kd, cid ghuhLnw vwh. r, j Fiu vgo jhbfhL wh? vd al nflh.

ViH, kdh, m~J xW bga braiy. u KGtJ

mukid bjj btrij ghJbfhnl W bfhoUnj

vwh. Mfh, mgobawh cdF gRbghU iy; bryyh

vwh kd. kd go Tw ViH mwh. kdh,

jhf go Twyhkh? vd ff fyf nflh. , u

KGtJ mukid sif ghjjdh, mj No FfhJ

Uwh. mjdhjh, cdF gR iy vnw. nghfyh

uJ x

Jizghl

14

kh dh

fLiu dh

mg jtiw gh vthW czdh?

vwJ kdiu vJ ngr ayhk, tUagona mt brwh.

fhtyf mtDfhf kd ud; vgo mj ViHF gRbghU ilfntL vD ebyz bfhld. mjfhf J

fhyjhjhk, elj midij xWlhk ghl Tdhf.

jh ghJbfhtjhf gh mtfl thfjh. mW

fhiynyna kd, j fhtyfSl ntilF sg VghL brjh;

tHfngh ghiy miHJtu fhtyiu mDdh. ghiy

miHJtu brw fhty Ud. kdh, iu gh jfSl

tJ nrJbfhtjhf T, vid mD itjh vwh.

r, tuL. eh brnth vw kd, j gthufSl

fhLF wgL brwh. fhLgF mg brW bfhoUjh.

t ghiy ghjJ Jlh. Vbdwh, gh bra

khWgoUjnj mjF fhuz. mnf mt rika brJbfhoUjh.

mL itfntoa nrhWghidia Ijo cau fo bjhfoUjh; mjnH mL dW Ff bkJth vJ bfhoUjd. mg, vd gh, F cfhJbfhL vd brJ bfhoU vwh. kdiu ghjJ gh, thUf

kdh, tzf! eh, F rika brJbfhoUnw vwJ

kdU, kwtfS jhf.

V f?

gh, mL vnf UwJ? nrhWghid vnf UwJ?

vgo mL UJ NL V nrhW ntF? vW ieaho brjh

kd. cWahf NL V nrhW Mfyh, kdh! vnfh UF mukid sbfhia ghJ, xUtUF NL ilFbghGJ,

J kL V KoahJ? vwl, mg j jtiw czjh. mj

ViHia clnd tutiHJ, mtDF gRf tH ghuhodh, mg.

jh brj jtiw cza ghYF eT gR bfhLjh. ghY

ViHF gR ilj kdiwtiljh.

e : f.bfs. KjHf, mg gh eifRit fijf

15

ntWikkhzt : tzf, Iah.

Ma : tzf, cfhUf. W fhiytghL Tl gRbgwt ah?

khzt : fz gR bgwh, Iah.

Ma : jiyikaha, ahiu ghuho gR tHdh?

khzt : jiyikaha, fzid ghuho gR tHdh, Iah.

Ma : 1. fz gR bgwh.

2. jiyikaha, fzid ghuho gR tHdh.

(bjhlfis Ma fUgyif vGJj.)

Kj bjhl fz vD bgabrh mikJsJ. ulh bjhl mnj bgabrh fzid kwt ghuhoajid FwJ. bjhl, fz vD bgabrh bghU ntWgLwJ. ntWghLF fhuz, fz vD bganuhL nrJs I vD cU. thW bgabrh bghUis ntWgLJtJ, ntWik vdgL. bgabrh W mikJ bghU ntWghil br cUfis n t W i k cUf vg.

k : rW sfkhf brhYf, Iah.

Ma : uhk flh - nj bjhl, uhkid flh vd tUbghGJ, uoFKs ntWghL wjh?

kbkh: ewhf wJ, Iah . Kj bjhluhdJ uhk ntbwhUtid ghjh vd, ulh bjhluhdJ ntbwhUt uhkid ghjh vd bghU ntWgLwJ, Iah.

Ma : WkhwF fhuz vd? ewhf J TWf.

fy : I vD vGJ, Iah.

yfz

ntWik, milbkh,_tifnghf

16

Ma : f k. thW bgaiu ntWgL fhL

cU ntWik cU vdgL. ntWik Kj ntWik, ulh ntWik, _wh ntWik, ehfh ntWik, Ijh ntWik, Mwh ntWik, VHh ntWik, vlh ntWik vd vtifgL.

gh : Iah, Kj ntWik vwh vd?

Ma : aghd bga, (vGth) gaiyia bfhL KotJ Kj

ntWik vd, vGth ntWik vd tHfgL.

( J idia bgaiu dhit gaiyahf bfhL Ko.)

(v.fh.) fz tjh - id gaiy

mt fz - bga gaiy

mt ah? - dh gaiy

vGth ntWikF vd j cU iy.

bghk : Iah, ulh ntWikF cU clh?

Ma : cL. ulh ntWik cU I vgjhF. tst

bris gojh. bjhl cs br vD

bgabrh I vD cUignaW bragLbghUshf

ntWgL fhLwJ. thW bgabrhdJ bghUis bragLbghUshf ntWgLJtJ ulh ntWik MF.

ma : Iah, _wh ntWikF cU clh?

Ma : _wh ntWik cUf M, M, xL, XL, cl Mad.

(v.fh.) ehfh jrdh braglJ. - M

Fifah XFeil. - M

jhbahL kf tjh. - xL

jijnahL jh tjh. - XL

jijl j tjh. - cl

ituk : Iah, ehfh ntWik cU vd?

Ma : ehfh ntWik cU F. jiyt eF gR

tHdh. e vD brh F vD cUig VW

bghU ntWgL fhLwJ myth?

fhjh : Ijh ntWik cUg brhYf, Iah.

Ma : brhnw. Ijh ntWik cUf , vgd.

17

(v.fh.) bfhil wjt gh. ah bjF viy Fk. bjhlf bfhil, ah vD brhfSl , vD cUf nrJ bghUis ntWgLJ wd.

kh : Mwh ntWikF cU clh, Iah?

Ma : Mwh ntWik cU mJ vgJ. (v.fh.) uhkdJ L.

v d J j f . b j h l f u h k , v M a bgabrhfSl mJ vD ntWik cU nrJ

bghUis ntWgLJwJ.

siw : VHh ntWik cUig brhYf, Iah.

Ma : VHh ntWikF f, c, nk, vgd cUfsh.

(v.fh.) of FHij isahLwJ.

bgoF gz UwJ.

Tiunk nrt csJ.

fo eh gLJsJ.

bjhlf L, bgo, Tiu, fo Ma brhfSl f, c, nk, Ma cUf nrJ lbghUis czJwd.

vyuR : Iah, vlh ntWikF cU clh?

Ma : vlh ntWik cL; Mdh, mjF cU iy.

jid ntWik vd miHg.

(v.fh.) fjh th!

bjhl fj vD brh W () vGjhdJ

bfL, mj ma vGJ (j - jh vd) L miHj bghUis jUwJ. thW bgabrh y khwfSl miHj bghU tUtjid ntWik vg.

g : nfhol l bghUjkhd cUngw brhiy njbjGJf.

1. mKjh vGdh.

m. ghlij M. ghlJF . ghl

2. KUf cajh.

m. ciHig M. ciHgh . ciHF

3. gila kdf j ghLgld.

m. tsF M. tsia . tsf

18

kh dhf

m. wtadhf

mil FF bfhLfgLs brhYl bghUjkhd ntWik cUig

izJ nfhol lij uf.

1 . fiybrt Kjh. (is)

2. ghl gofglJ. (uhk)

3. ghl vGa gR iljJ. (yt)

4. J ril. (fy)

5. yF ghLwh. (nkil)

M. FWdhf

1 . ntWik vgJ ahJ?

2. ntWik vjid tifgL? mit ahit?

3. _wh ntWik cUf ahit?

4. cU tU ntWikf ahit? sFf.

. kdtiugl tiuf

ntWik cUf tiffis JbfhlthW kdtiugl tiuf.

milbkh

khzt : tzf, Iah.

Ma : tzf. midtU eyjhnd! brw tF goj ghlf

vjhf UF vd idnw. ahUfhtJ Ia csjh?

khzt : ewhf sW, Iah.

Ma : k, ghoah! W vd Hik?

ghoa : fHik, Iah.

Ma : f vwh vd bghU?

ghoa : y, khj Iah.

Ma : yit bty vd miHghf myth?

bgh : Mkh, Iah.

Ma : tU btik vD brh yF milbkhahf

tJsJ.

19

bgh : milbkh vwh vd, Iah?

Ma : gy tifgljhf UF xU bghUis bghJthf

RLbghGJ, mj tif FJ Ia Vglyh. vdnt mtiw,

d JfhLtjF jbrhiy gagLJt. mjbrh milbkh vdgL. rhwhf ghl vd brhYbghGJ, mjtif FJ Ia njhW. mjid nghf j ghl, My ghl, fzF ghl vd mil bfhLJ TWj ntL. thW bghUfis dja cj milbkhf dKs milbkh

vdgL.

stH : Iah, dKs milbkh cblwh, dyh milbkh

bad xW Uwjh?

Ma : UwJ. bty, fUfhif, brfnuh tWbf

yh dkhf Tw ntLkhdh, fUy, btfhif, fUfnuh vd TWj ntL. mthW xW yhjjdh it nghwtiw dyh milbkhf vd TWt.

mk : dyh milbkhfg eF mJbfhnlh, Iah.

Ma : milbkhf tiffisg f nk tF D

thf gof.

khzt : e, Iah.

kh dhf

m. FWdhf

1 . milbkh vwh vd?

2. dKs milbkhF rhWf jUf.

3. dyh milbkhF rhWf jUf.

g

Gs bjhlfis dKs milbkh, dyh milbkhbad gFJ fhLf.

1. brjhkiu 2. ghFl

3. cgs 4. ku

5. Ckw 6. njhj

7. brPhW 8. btisid

9. brj

20

_tif nghf

khzt : tzf, mkh.

Ma : e g m gyif W, UFw xW vGj

gLsJ. mFwis ah ahbuyh gof? khju! mFwis brh.

khju : mfdkJ

21

khw : IJ %gh vgjid FwJ, mkh.

Ma : thW mR vD brh cs midJ vGJfS

khsd. UD, bghU khwiy. vdnt, J KWngh vdgL.

khzt : e, mkh. nghfg bjthf mJbfhnlh.

g : Gs bjhlf fhzgL nghfis tlLf.

1. mR gHf th th.

2. mw vdglnj thif

3. kif gj nH jdh.

kh dhf

m. wta dh

bfhLfgLs brhfSfhd nghfis vGJf.

1. fy - 2. y - 3. Fl -

M. FWdhf

1. ngh vwh vd?

2. ngh vjid tifgL?

3. Wnghia sFf.

4. ey, Mid, miua - it vtif nghfSF vLJfhLf?

tFgiwwf

m) ngRj w

RHW V dJ cyf - vD jiy IJ kJf ngRf.

M) vGJj w

id v rJbfhlh vd ngbfhS?

xU gfF ciuahl to vGJf.

bral

IJ _if jhtuf glfis xo, mt gafis vG bfhzf.

22

bkhw g

m) wbkh brhfSfhd j brhfis mnth

wbkh j wbkh j brh - brh brh - brh

mDk - ir cga - Ugahs bfhil

Mjt - PhW ch -

Mug - bjhlf vjhj - a

M - brhJ If - cyf tHF

ir - Jg fhj - jh

Uja - berf l - kKo

23

mwh mg j m~JxUt

bgwh bghUit . - Fw, 226

TongRnth

1. fzid nghW cdF bjjtf ahnuD csduh?

2. fz bra Kiwahdjh?

3. fz gHfij khWtjF VnjD t Ujh FLf.

4. bjhlto brYnghJ ahuhtJ, vjidahtJ bfhLjh, f th bfhfsh?

thifw

xUtnuhL xUt gHF w

xUtUbfhUt el gHf, bjhlJ kahd ewit tsJ bfhs

w njit.

ik kh izahj njhf. Mdh, y ehshf ik nghF

khF ofiy.

vnghJ wl Fiw fhgnj mtSF bghGJnghfhf UjJ. jdh kw

egf, tfnshL nruhk xJ Ujhf.

kh vLF Ko vdthf UF?

ik eig kh bjhlthsh, y brthsh?

kh iy Ujh vd KobtLgh?

kf

cj kdghik

brid xU FGd g xwid el tjd. mg Mauhd nt_

euk vgt, ViH khztF egf yta cz tHF lij bragLj

bjhldh.

mjfhf bghUSjbgw mt mQatfS kUJt khnkij FUrh xUt.

ml wig czj FUrh, kWeh mtiu rhgths mYtyfF tUkhW

nfLbfhlh.

vG bfdJ rhiy jkF cikahf Uj khif xwid gF

Mtz vG g brJbfhLjh. mdh cj kdghik mslfaJ.

cjF viyiy. xbthUt njitnfg cjf ntWgL. vdnt,

njitgLnthUF cjtnj cjahF. mJnt, kjDFa w g.

24

tsu braghLfngRj w braghL -1

glf cs ffis KiwgL _W kJ ngRf.

FGfyJiuahl braghL - 2

RWNHiy khRgLjhj nghia vthW bfhlhlyh vgjid Gs

Ffis gagL FG fyJiuahLf.

1. c o ngh eh vfgL bghUf

2. be bghUfis vgjdh VgL

ikf

3. vbjj bghUfis vgjdh nfL

isahJ?

fYF fhz braghL - 3

Gs glf czJ ffis mtfhd fis FG

fyJiuahLf.

25

goj w braghL - 4

Gs ciugia Wj FfSF Vg gof.

bghfHh eilbgW fhy a fhy; fh cyh thdK, cyh

V fUiz fhL fhy; aifaid gRikahd ilit cLJ gw

fis No, a fh f fU mJ gfh jUfhy.

bghfYF jiyeh ngh. nghia mLJ tUtJ bghf Jeh; meh,

giHad fjY ad FjY fG; oYs gHghidf ilbgW; J ghidf bghf eilbgW. gh bghF bghGJ, bghfnyh bghf

vD kfy x vF s. mbghGJ, bgf Fuit MLt; wF,

if bghfY bfhL Yiw bjtij tzFt. midtU twhu

cL kt.

- uh. . nrJis, jg

mj brhfis vGJj braghL - 5

flf cs vGJfis gagL iy vD vG Ko brhfis

cUthFf.

fh kh nt1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

iy M

nrh gh X

bjhl cUthFj braghL - 6

ca brhfis u bjhliu iw brf.

( kd, nkhu, ^, tWikJg, fyig )

1. oF if.

2. nehF if.

3. jnj mUS if.

4. F if.

5. fhF if.

26

gHbkh cUthFj braghL - 7

bfhLfgLs brhfis gagL gHbkhfis cUthFf.

( ij, mfy, gUtnj, Mogl, ij, br, g, njo, MH cGj, cGtjidl,

t, eW, nehaw, brt, wjh, thnt, Fiwtw, wF. )

1. ij wjh t wF.

2.

3.

4.

5.

bghUJf braghL - 8

ah, ahl TaJ?

t.

vTW Tat, nflt

1. vdh ayhJ kdh! Mis Lf m. ViH, mg

2. u KGtJ t MW

Ujhdh?M. gh, mg

3. kdh jhf go Twyhkh? . mg, fhty

4.

mL vnf UwJ? nrhWghid

vnf UwJ? vgo mL NL V

nrhW ntF?

27

cUfis gagLJj braghL - 10

ntWik cUfis gagL bjhlfis cUthFf.

1. Ky gl ghjh. ( I ) = Ky glij ghjh.

2. gl Ky tiuaglJ. ( M ) =

3. Ky f wjt. ( ) =

4. Ky gl wghdJ. ( mJ ) =

flj braghL - 11

fhQ ciugia goJ joj brhfYs ntWik cUfis vLJ

vGJf.

d Hh

fh M U fiufY thj nrhHehL kf, mth

Jbts tUbghGJ dHh bfhlho kt. Hh eilbgW mW

MwY Mik f isP gy mthW FJ vJ

Miknjhw Mo kt. mtf mthW Mo ktij mehL mur

Kj m kf tiu midtU, M fiuf mikj muf mHa

lf UJ fL kt.

thW dHh eilbgW lf xW fhgodF mik cs fHh bgUJiw. Jiw gh fh MW MwnyhL

fiufis nkh mF. MWd nkh nkh fiufis mD, mwhk

thDw tsj kUj kuf iwjJ mJiw. JiwF nruehL jiyt

Mld d Mo f nrjh.

- yt fh. nfhj, rfj yttir

milbkh cUthFj braghL - 12

fl cs brhfis ca Kiw nrJ milbkhfis cUthFf.

1. Hh khiy

2. fU nrhW

3. Rl

4. U khiy

5. U kiy

6. kh tL

28

brhtjid vGJj braghL - 13

tsfJ ebr y. y be, fU, thiH Kja gf

is. ts Fiwj gF br. jid thd ghj vd e

ntsh kf TWt. y is gf gUtkiHia ena

UF. y f, nftuF, id, tuF, rhik, Jtiu, bfhS,

fhuhk Kja gf is.

bjhliu uj braghL - 14

ca brhfis bfhL bjhliu iw brf.

( if, cz, Fu, T, c, k, brh, il)

gjtDF bfhL

cwF bfhL

ciHF bfhL

cikF bfhL

kjDF bfhL

khdJF bfhL

ftiyF bfhL

fijF bfhL

fwyil WkL kbg : 10

1. ca izia njbjLf. 1 x 1 = 1 m. bghf tghL - fg

M. cH w - e. r_

. uJ x - f. bfs. KjHf

2. ViHF gR ilf gh brj bra vd? 1 x 1 = 1 m. ntil M. rika . yh 3. ntWik vJ? 1 x 1 = 1 m. _wh ntWik M. vlh ntWik . ehfh ntWik 4. dKs milbkhfis vLbjGJf. 3 x 1 = 3 m. ( btK, btfhif)

M. (fUy, brj)

. (brf, fUfnuh)

5. nfhol lij uf. 4 x 1 = 4 m. mff ntshik ntWbga .

M. gRlUJ ilF IJ bghUfis fyJ brtJ .

. cy njha cfmidJF Kjt .

29

a uL br

UFw

f

1. ff frlw fgit fw f mjF jf.

bghU : fis Fwkw fw ntL. fwgo elj ntL.

brhbghU : frL Fw; f fwthW elf.

2. vvg Vid vGbjg uL fvg thG cF. *bghU : vQ vGJ Ma uL kjfSF U ff vd TWt.

brhbghU : v - vf, fzF; vGJ yfz yaf (ttot)

3. fcila vgt fnwh KfuL cila fyh jt.

bghU : f fwt f cilat; fyhjt Kf uL Qilat Mt.

4. ctg jiyTo cs j midnj yt bjh. *bghU : m wj ytfSl ng gHFnghJ kahf UgJ, mtfis LnghJ, tiu vbghGJ fhngh vd v tJ yt aghF.

brhbghU : ctg kH; jiyTo xWnrJ.

5. cilahK yhngh VfW fwh filanu fyh jt.

bghU : brt cilatK ViH ftiygL uJ gJnghy fwtK gJ fgtnu cajt; gJ fyhjt jhjt.

30

brhbghU : cilah - brt; yh - ViH; VfW - ftiygL; fila - jhjt.

6. bjhlidJ CW kznf khjF fwidJ CW m. * bghU : kzghfhd l njhlnjhl RuF. mJnghy, kf fis ffff mtj m tsU.

brhbghU : bjhlidJ njhL ms; khj - kf.

7. ahjhD ehlhkh Cuhkh vbdhUt rhJiz fyhj thW.

bghU : fwtDF vj ehL j ehlhF; vj CU j CuhF. jid mJ y rhFtiu ffhk UgJ V?

brhbghU : rhJiz - rhFtiuY.

8. xUikf jhfw f xUtF vGik Vkh cilJ. *bghU : xU w, jh fWbfhS ey, vG wfSF ghJfhig jU.

brhbghU : Vkh - ghJfh.

9. jh WtJ cyF wfL fhKWt fw jh.

bghU : jhf g mil fah cyf g miltjid fL, fwt nknkY ff Ut.

brhbghU : fhKWt - Ut.

10. nfo Gbrt f xUtF khly kiw ait. *bghU : xUtDF mahj wj brt fahF. f ju, kw brtf vyh brtf Mfkhlh.

brhbghU : Gbrt - wj brt; khL - brt.

31

kh dhf

m. wtadhf

1. nfhol lij uf.

m. ctg jiyTo j

midnj yt bjh.

M. xUikf jhfw xUtF

vGik Vkh cilJ.

. nfo Gbrt f xUtF khly kiw .

2. khs Fwis KiwgL vGJf.

m. vvg vGbjg Vid fvg uL thG cF.

M. bjhlidJ kznf CW khjF fwidJ m CW.

3. J vGJf.

m. frlw = M. vGbjg =

. kznf =

32

bghU : Ckj it U NL bgUjdha tbgUkhDF ca C vf kU. , thfhf jbrY uhdJ

KJfsh ilkJ milfgL. rhiy tahf bfhzj

fUgffis fUghiyf rhW JbfhoUF ngiur

rjnkh fhJfis brlhF. cnsh gyU moJ

br cnyhf ntiyf xnah mj ngiuriy kiwFgoahf

UF. ehnjhW Hhf bfhlhLthnghy, vF wghd

fhf mHF U. jifa vyh brtfS nyna

ilF.

brhbghU : jJ d - jbrY ; Kj milF - KJf

F bgU ilna milJbfhL lF ; fntiy - fUkh,

bfhy, jlh Kjnah br bjhf; u - wghd fhf;

knjhkj - bgUjdha tbgUkh.

Ma F : Ma ahbud bjaiy. MD, ehlf gh

mikj iy aat vddh yt vd y TWt. rjea mikj

ghfis bfhl , Ubent khtl ngR tHif Mfhnf fhzyh.

F : iwj gskhd nrWy cHbjh brJ thG ghku

kfsha gsf thifia J TWtjhf mikj , gS.

KTlgS

( efts - isa g )

jJ ghd Kj milF

rhiy thfd Miy cilF

fJ ngif rj ilF

f ntiy xig JilF

j rhwa u gilF

ba yhj g ilF

kj NL knjhkj uhd

kUr kU vf Cnu.

33

UbentF rW tlH jbghUie, whW, nfhjluhk MW Ma

_W MWf TL lF tlnf cs , KTl. jF MN tlfiu

ehL vD bgaU cL. bjgh cs gF, tykif bjfiu ehL vd

tHf bgWwJ.

bjfiu eho kUr UF C kU. KTl thG g _j

kid, kU thG g isa kid. Utiu kzJ thG xUt,

thif tsij toJiugJnghy ghlgl , KTlgS vd bga

bgwJ.

ga : KTlgS fgjdh, mfhy kf cHbjh g

mrKjhaij g mJbfhsyh. fhisf gntW bgaf, ijf

bgaf, tiff vd kUj yts g mayh.

kh dhf

m. wtadhf

nfhol lij uf.

1. kU UF iwt .

2. _W MWf nrUl .

M. FWdhf

1 . thfh iu miljJ vJ?

2. kU eilbgw bjhf ahit?

3. KTl F vGJf.

. Wdh

kU bgUikfshf KTlgS TW brfis bjhFJ vGJf.

xgJ kf

KJ gts kufj

khf guhf ud

itu it^a nfhnkjf

34

ciueil

jHf isahLf

isahLf, Xd uij gghil btgLJtd.

isaho Wt, Wa, isnah, Knah vd vyh iy

cnshU

35

g g u , j L , c

isahL, fs fhty, nfh,

o, fhwho, gJisahL,

xiwah uilah, r Kjad

Wt isahLtd.

gj, fufuto, jlhf,

gyhF, Cr, jha vgd

Wa isahL

isahLf. W rLFL

(fgo), kilgJ, fhgJ,

ifgJ, vgJ, wFgJ,

Xl, jiljho Xl vd gytif isahLf ngho Mlfshf

isahlgLwd.

gil fhy jH isahoduh? mjF mtfSF

neuUjjh? vbddbtyh isahodhf? vgo isahL

tsjJ vgjidg mJ bfhnthkh?

u isahLf vW bgUUgKilat jH. knghl,

VWjGj, ntilahLj, _ kz vLj vgd giHik

thj Mlt isahLf. Kfhy kngh ty ky,

kduh kf bgwd. fs gyhut NJ f, jUF

brUF ua M_ kyDF uK uK thj eF

ilna eilbgw u isahil weh}W vD rf ya

tUwJ.

Kiy y VWjGj vD uisahL eilbgwJ.

KuR mu, gig KHf, bjhGtUJ bfhGikf fhisf

xbthwhf btna XotU. bfhny csJ fhis

bj vwj uf fhis bfhig oJ, mj bfhlij

mlFt. thiy oj jh vgJ jH bfhif. gnyh

NJ f zWF JLbkd ghJ FJ kz vLJ tUj xUtif u isahlhf fUjglJ.

gila eh bgf tlhLj, fHF, mkhid, gjhLj,

Cr, XiuahLj vd gy isahLf nj bghGJ

nghdhf. muF iHJ (fl tiuJ) befhfis itJ

ef ML Ml tlhLjyhF. mfhy kf eL, Mik

Matiw nfhbfhL miyJ Xiuahl Mo kjd. Wt,

Wnj cUo isaho kjd. Wa KJfis rf

cns L Mo fwd.

36

d, u isahLf MLt UW sa jH

yFngh fhgY ntifW sd.

mur thG jiyefuf ahidngh eilbgWtjF, mjid

fhgjF jlf Ujd. kJiu cs jKf ikjhd ahidngh fhgjfhd lyhF.

MLlh ngh, nrtngh, fLikahd fhilngh vgd tiw jH fL kjd. nrhHeho giHa jiyefukhd

cwij unfhf wUjikah nfh vD bgaU

mjfikjJ vg.

fhy brybry mjnfg isahLf jik nghF

khsd. gila VWjGj isahL W rflhf,

kRulhf magLwd. mW VWjGatiuna kf U

kzjd. W misahlhdJ gzKo, gRbghUf bgWj,

gy nrJ khL ul vd khlJ.

jH jfhfiy isahLf xwhf yghl tsJ

tUwJ. yUJ X M be cautiu UF joia RH

ML Mlnk yghlkhF. F isahL, f isahL vd

f magL yghl W C Hhf eilbgWwJ.

cyf mu jH u isahlhd fgo (rLFL)F jl

ilJsJ. fgo isahLnghJ ghobfhnl isahLtJ e _jhija tHf.

37

kh dhf

m. wtadhf

1. nfhollijuf.

m. isahomogilnehf MF.

M. jHjfhfiyfSxW .

. Kiyy vDuisahLeilbgwJ.

2.bghUJf.

isahLnth isahL

m. Mlt - XiuahLj

M. kf - gj

. Wt - VWjGj

38

kahijuhk eLtuh Uj mj efu tuj, nrhK vw Ut mLjLJ gbghU mfho itJ el tjd. UtUF

gid ewhfnt elJ tjJ. MdhY tujJ, mt

tfJ nrhKF bghwhikahfnt UF.

vbghGJ tuj filF ah tUwhf, nghwhf vd

elwJ vgjidna cWneh bfhoUgh.

y eh tuj filF tU thoifahsf vif

bgUW. tf eF NLogjid fL nrhK Fj bghwhik

bfhlh. jDila filY mthW tf eilbgwiyna vd

v nkY bghwhikglh.

jh vyhtY tujidl cathfnt UfntL vd

MirgLth. Mdh, bghGnjh mtidl Fiwthfnt tf

eilbgWtjid idJ bgU_Rlh. mtdJ bghwhikia

mfkhFtJnghy f xW eilbgwJ.

murhf u xUt tJ, tujid kahijuhk miHJtu

brhdjhf miHJ nghdh.

clnd nrhK, mnlagh eLt TL msF t f

caJlhdh? vts bgUngW tDF vd ajh.

mLj thuK tujid miHJ bry murhf u tjh;

mjid nrhK ftjh. mt kd, eLt j tujid kL

TL ngRwhnu, vid V Tliy. ehD mtidngh xU

bga tfjhnd. mtidl, eh vj j jhJnl vd

v FKdh.

mjfLj eh nrhK tujid mQ, Mkh kahijuhk cik

mofo miHJ tu brhwhnu vd fhuz? vW nflh.

mjF tuj, vdF mtUF Mu UF. mjid vyh

cl brhbfhoUf KoahJ vW T mDdh. mjid

nflJ nrhKF cyfnk RHtJnghy UjJ.

bghWFkh mt kd? tujl eLt ngRwh vwh, eLt

mtl vts k itUwh vgJ bjwJ. mjidnghw

k, jdF ilfhjh vW nrhK Vdh.

Jizghl

eg

39

mt, j kidl jdJ vzij Tdh. mtS, mgoah,

tujDF eLtl mts brthF Uwjh? mgoahdh, mtUl

f ebfhlh ekF eyJ vwh.

kWeh, tuj oF nrhK gRbghUSl brwh. ,

mjidna gHfkhf bfhlh. mt nghFnghbjyh gHf,

glf Matiw bfhLbrwh.

tuj, tiwbayh vjF th tUwh? vW Kj

kWjh. wF VWbfhsyhdh. jdF tuj ja Ugjdh,

murhf vjid jdF thghf brJbfhs Ko vd

nrhK vdh.

ehf brwd. xUeh murhf mYty xUt nrhK filF

tJ tia fLgo Tdh. mJg nrhK ftiygliy.

bria tujl brhdh, xUbeho r brJlyh vd

vdh. vdnt, tia flhk UJlh.

xU khjkhW. X murhf mYty nrhKl tJ eLt

miHJtu brhdjhf T miHJ nghdh. mjF nrhK, jhnd

bria bjJbfhL tuj eLtl ng Uwh. mjdhjh,

eLt eik miHJsh vd v kjthnw mukidia

miljh nrhK.

eLt mtid ghjJnk, eh cid V miHnj bjkh?

v njhlJF xU ehisF W Flj gJ eh j iwJ

CWj ntL. Vbdwh, t brYj jtlh. vdnt,

j jlidia VWbfhL gJ ehSF t brYJj ntL.

iybawh, c filia murhf vLJbfhS vd Tdh.

nkY, tuj t brYjhjj fhuzkhfjh thuh thu v

mukid xU gFia bgUtjh. t brYjhk jf

idF tffSF Jjh jlid vwh eLt.

Jjh mtDF ilj mur kahijah? vdF mJ iljnj

vd ia behJbfhL, nrhK ehnjhW iwJ njhlJF

Cdh. mj nrhK kwtfis ghJ bghwhikgLtiy.

e : Xa uh, kahijuhk fijf

fLiu dh

eg vD fij thyhf m ia sFf.

kh dh

40

yfz

brhgfhgj, gFgj

khzt : tzf, Iah.

Ma : tzf. vyhU tJlhfsh?

rhjh : fz W tuiy, Iah. neW tWtah

JoJlh. kUJtkidF brWtj y X Uwh.

Ma : cley ngQtJjh KjikahdJ; kwitbayh mjdjh. Rtyhk u VJ? eykh tuL.

ktz : K tF XbuGJ jJ W, xwDF

nkgl vGJf bjhlJ W bghU jjh, mJ brh vdgL vW Tf, Iah.

nkY, mjid bga, id, il, cbad tif gLf. Iah, brw tF fzfha gF

v, gfh v vd vfis tifgL fhodh. mjidnghy jbrhfY clh? vd bjJ bfhs Unw, Iah.

Ma : ewhf nflh ktzh! fzifnghynt

j Y b r h f i s g F g j , g f h g j v d Utifahf fyh.

m : gj vwh vd, Iah?

Ma : gj vwhY brh vwhY xnw. bkh, s vgd mj ntW bgaf. XbuGjhdJ

jJ W bghU jjh, m~J XbuGJ xUbkh vdgL. it ehguL csd. ytiw F TWnw. (v.fh.) ij, ig, if, , , it, jh,

41

Ma : gFj vwh j vgJ bghU. gfh vwh f ayhjJ vgJ bghU. fayhj brh gfhgj vdgL. (v.fh.) k, f, bgh it bgagfhgjf. el, th, ngh, br, - it id gfhgjf.

khzt : gFgj g brhYf, Iah.

Ma : gFf aY brhfis gFgj vg. mthW

g F F n g h J u L K j M W c W f s h f mbrhiy fyh. mWf bgafshtd: gF, F, iliy, r, rhia, fhu.

khzt : brhfisTl fyh vgJ g mbrhf

MW cWf csd vgd g mJbfhnlh, Iah. f e.

g : 1. tU bjhlYs gfhgjfis njbjGJf.

ghu ky iwtid tglh.

2. tU bjhlYs gFgjfis njbjGJf.

mgu ghL gho gR bgwh.

kh dhf

Wdhf

1. gfhgj vwh vd? 2. gFgj vwh vd? 3. XbuGJ xUbkhF rhWf IJ jUf.

4. gFgj cWf ahit?

tFgiwwf

m) ngRj w

clig tsnj c tsnjnd jiy IJ kJf ngRf.

M) goj w

tU ghliy ca Xirl goJ fhLf.

ahkj ytny fgidngh,

tStngh, snfh itngh,

j ahfQnk wjiy;

cik btW fiy;

42

Cikauh brlfsh FUlfsh

thnwh; xUbrh nf!

nrkKw ntLbk bjUbtyh

jKHf brf br!

- ghuah

) vGJj w

ciueilgFia RU tiu w bgWj

(v.fh.) kfsh wjt mit njobgWj ntL. mPf vbfyh

Uwhfnsh mbfyh njobrW mtflUJ mbrtij bgW

caj ntL. mPf vGa f cy gntW bkhf Ufyh;

cy gntW gFf ilfbgwyh. mgogl fis vyh tutiHJ

mtiw goJ ghJfhj ntL. mjifa f thyhf mbrtij

bgW caj ntL.

ciueilgF RUf

kfsh wjtf mPfis njobrW mit bgWj ntL. gntW

bkhf mPf vGa fis goJ mbrtij bgW caj ntL.

g : Gs ciueilgFia goJ RU vGJf.

cy nfhofzfhd cf thwd. fS kj kLnk

jdJ jid Mwyh fhynjhW khbfhnl tUwh. kj, jhbgw

mDgtfis wF vLJiuf, w bgw mDgtfis jh mtjF

fUahf sFtJ bkhna.

kj ehff miltjF Kj fUahf saJ, bkhna. bkh a

gaghL xUtnuhL kbwhUt bjhlbfhtnj. bjhl uhf fUJ khWghL

Vglhj tzK mikj ntL.

43

Gs brhbwhliu tifgLJf.

1. fhaof lhikia vJ nghuhodh.

2. cl UFw jf Uwjh?

3. bjhfha LF ty.

4. vnd, jh{kfh mHF!

5. il ikahf itU.

brhbwhl khwf

xU bjhliu kbwhU bjhluhf khWj.

(v.fh.) Kawh KoahjJ cnlh? dhbjhliu

Kawh midJ Ko, vd brbjhluhfyh.

ehnjhW clg br. - flisbjhl

ehnjhW clg brj ntL. - brbjhl.

g : Gs brhbwhliu milFF csthW khWf.

1 . khWwdhaiu kj ntL. (flis bjhluhFf.)

2. ciH Ca iy. (clghL bjhluhFf.)

3. eh UFw gonj. (dhbjhluhFf.)

4. mnjh, FHij nH GJlnj! (br bjhluhFf.)

5. c ifbaGJ f mHfhf csJ. (cz bjhluhFf.)

M) bjhlfis brhbwhlf mikJ vGJj

kubjhl, gHbkhbjhl, ctikbjhl Kja bjhlfis brhbwhlf

mikJ vGJtj_y fUij v sf brayh.

(v.fh.) jh, j FHijia fQfUJkhf tsjh.

mzh, jFjil ngR Mw cilat.

g : Gs bjhlfis brhbwhl mikbjGJf.

1. gHftHf 3. CQwf 5. ngUfG

2. bjhWbjhL 4. mYgfY 6. nkLgsK

) jbHfis tir mikf.

1, 3, 9, 5, 7, 8, 2, 4, 10, 6

44

g

kgj

rKf jhjh L, vJ vW nflh W FHij milahs fhL.

mj msF midtUF bjjt mt. ahiu ghjhY thf, nghf vd

kahijahfjh ngRth. xU taJila FHijnah bjhW taJila Katnuh

ahuhf UjhY mtfSF kahij jUth.

TongRnth :1. rKf jhjh, jidl ta isatUF kahij bfhLwh, V?

2. cfisl ta atfis, f vthW miHf?

thifw

kd vGfis vbfhs

eKila cz, vz Kjatiw ca KiwY ca msY

btgLj w cjwJ. vyh kdbtGfS eyd my; ad

my. mtiw vthW btgLJnwh vgnj aikahjJ. kilgJ

Ml eilbgWbfhL UwJ. m m rhghf ML btbrt

ewhf MliybaW, mj m jiyt jbrt Fiw brhwh.

UtUFS ril VgLwJ. dij fLgLj ayhj jbrt,

btbrtidmof if XFwh. jbrt brjJ rah ?

d tjh fLgLJtJ vthW ?

jidjh fh dfhf fhthfh

jidna bfhY d. - Fw, 305

kf

g

Ugjh who jbkh tsF bjhlha bgUjifahsU K.tujuhrdhU xUtuhth. tyif jUtJ lifF bja TlhJ vgJ KJbkh. mjF vLJfhlh thjt K.tujuhrdh. xUKiw f flz, L flz, nj flz nghwtiw brYj ayhk khzt y JggLtjid flh. mtfSF njitahd midJ flzfis jhnk fodh. mJkLk jkJ ilna Lah, khzt j gof tbrjh. ayhnjhF uFtJ cjtJ g MF.

atJ funt

45

tsu braghLfgoj w braghL - 1

Gs ciugia Funyw wfJl bghUSznfwthW gof.

jHf khuf

wiu vghJ thHhjt jH; wF wKJFfho Xlhjt

jH; Koil ntj rj tjt jH; gy u maehLfnshL

wghf thf elat jH; fl fljt jH; fl flJ brW gkh

njrij ifg Mlt jH.

ka bghjt jH; flhuij btwt jH; nuh efUF

bghdhil wt jH; ya Ritia flt jH; vehL

aF u jH; VW eililah jH; d fL dif th

jH; jdy fUjhJ ciHjh jH; NJthJ UbtW mah

jH; khdnk bgbjd kjh jH; fgnyhodh jH; viu

jDngh fhJ tjh jH.

-mP mzh

brhbghU mj braghL - 2

bfhLfgLs brhf bghUsJ, mtiwbfhL fUJiuia iw

brf.

( frL, ctg, Gbrt, Vkh, khj)

f brt ms ms Fiwahj MF. wF

kWwF kfSF ju ToaJ. jdh, fngh kd

F. mjifa f brtij midtU bgWj

ntL. Vbd, f fw kfjh jkF vjifa ntWghL

To xWikl tht.

tifgLJj braghL - 3

Gs brhfS bgagfhgj, idgfhgj brhfis flJ

tifgLJf.

(k, bfhL, y, ngR, ky, f, , XL, jiy, jL, ku, ghL )

t. v bgagfhgj idgfhgj

1. k bfhL

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

46

brh cUthFj braghL - 4

flYs vGJfisbfhL gfhgj brhfis tlLf.

k m o

M L e

k W bfh

yh c il g

vGJj w braghL - 5

brhf cs bk vGJfis gfhgj brhfis cUthFf.

1. ril ril

2. gL

3. go

4. vL

5. eL

6. tL

7. jL

8. br

9. f

10. ghF

XbuGJ xU bkhfis mj braghL - 6

bfhLfgLs brhfis FF XbuGJ xU bkhfis vLJ vGJf.

1. mu nrh

2. mur

3. m

4. jiyt

5. beU

6. ky

(V, , nfh, , I, nrh)

47

bghU mj braghL - 7

milFF bfhLfgLs XbuGJ xU bkhFa bghUis ca

fl uf.

1 fh nrhiy

2 jh

3 ij

4 gh

5 th

6 M

( ghl, nrhiy, tUf, gR, bfhL, f bga )

bfhir brhfis UJj braghL - 8

fhQ ciug tz vGJfYs bfhirbrhfis U

vGJf.

( fJ, ait, Mwfiu, L W, btfy, tWiH,ntL )

MjfiuF nknf csJ mj mHa . m jJ thG

r HF cjtjF ahU iy. KJikdh clY eil jsJ

nghdt. mjfhf ahlK ifna thH Ughjt. ntit ciHJ

cz ntL vW vQgt. jfhf L J j tJiHig

njo bfhlh. btfy ghu itUF mt rikj il

cgjF bfhLJ itUf ntQ. CUHh ehf Lfhf

Tl miy nkhJ. mehf ubtyh f KJ L rikgjfhd

ntiyfis brth.

kabfh vGJfismj braghL - 9

ca vGJfis u gHbkhfis cUthFf.

F fhy tjh wF

48

1. MQ bgQ rk.

2. nrtY gwitf.

3. M Kiy y kf.

4. vdD ghiy y kf.

5. gho rffhyJ ytf.

6. jij jhia, Iia vg.

brh isahL braghL - 11

FWbfGJngho

Gs Ffis gagL flfis uf.

1 2

3 4

5

6 7

8

lUJ ty

1. Wa ffis gagL isahL isahL (6)

3. VWjGj eilbgW y (3)

4. isaho btbgwtfSF tHfgLtJ (4)

5. CUHh fhyf ghidia c fo moJ ML isahL (4)

6. ngh eilbgW lij ngh vg (3)

tyUJ l

7. isnah vgj vbrh (4)

8. gila kf eL, Mik Matiw gagL isahL Ml (6)

nkUJ

1. kJiu ahidngh eilbgw ikjhd (4)

2. ghobfhnl isahL jH u isahL (3)

UJ nk

7. VWjGjnghJ KHfgL ngh irfU (3)

49

ghl vGJj braghL - 12

nfhol l fiy vD brhiy u ghliy iw brf.

ygfiy ekJ WtUF ca

cyYnsh nghW

cajfiy yg

jfhF Vw

jH fiy yg

fgjF ca

fhybkyh thG

bjhWbjhL UF

Jilik tsF

fwyil WkL

kbg : 10

1. uf. 3 x 1 = 3 m. tbgUkh U NL

M. jH u isahL

. isaho mogil nehf

2. ca ilia njbjLJ vGJf. 5 x 1 = 5 m. gFgj cWf vif

m. 4 M. 6 . 8

50

brhbghU: f Jiz; ngW brt; e F ( f ); ju - jF; cyf.

a _W br

vf j

ik jbkh vkJ vkF

g jUgo thje mKJ!fia l rhW vf

f calah bgw ngW!jik Rits brhiy vf

jD ntbwF ahfl iy!eL eL fhj j

ehod ahtF nkj ( ik )

j vf cvg jhny btY

juKL jHU nkny

jv vK bghUsh - g

jFW nkj ehblF Ush

jGL jkf SL g

jGF ehSbr nthey bjhL

jvW njhjo ML ey

jbtf btf vnw dghL! ( ik )

- ghujhr

*

*

51

Ma F

abga : Rud.

ghuahJ bfhl gdh ghujhr vd j bgaiu kh mikJbfhlh.

bgnwh : fdfrig yFakh

f : j, buR, My Mat

yik ft.

aait : F L g s F , g h o a g R ,

nru jhlt, Ul L, jH f, uhijah , F L, mH , jaf Kjad.

fhy : 29.04.1891 21.04.1964.

F : ghl ghujhr fijf vD

fij bjhF vf j vD

jiy lbgWsJ.

bghU: ik, g, mKJ, frhbwd fL RitfJ v j. jbrhD Ritf brh ntbwF iy. mRit

f bkhJ j kfSF fhj f cL. Mjyh, j

vf cbugjdhny vtiu btYwKL nkny. v

j vf ahjyh mj x Fdh ehnl U _L.

vdnt, jUFtiuna j kfS Ug. Mjyh, ehS mjF

bjhLbrnth. e th jbHW njhjo MLnth; mJ ju ehS btbgw ghLgLnth.

kh dhf

m. wtadhf

1. nfhol lij uf.

m. j vf .

M. g jGF ehS brnth ey .

2. bghU jUf.

m. f = M. ngW = . e =

M. FWdh

ghujhr - F vGJf.

. Wdh

j wig ghujhr vthW btgLJwh?

52

kh dhf

m. wtadhf

ca ilia njbjLJ vGJf.

Ujfnjt aa ntW

m. f Uj M. e Uj . g Uj

M. FWdhf

1. tfjhk - F vGJf.

2. Ujfnjt - F vGJf.

. Wdh

tfjhk ghl ehlf fhia sFf.

brhbghU: - thd; tiu kiy; KH kjs; kJfu - nj cQ tL.

Ma F : Ujfnjt nrhH mur Fy wjt. t, rkz rkaij rhjt.

tuJ fhy .. gjh whL MF. t ghoa kbwhU e Uj MF.

F : IbgUfhafS xW tfjhk. fij jiyt

tf. mt bgaiu izJ tfjhk vd bga bgwJ vg.

YF kz vD ntW bgaU cL.

bghU : kiyJ btnkff jtJ brwd. mthW kiyiaL btnkf eftJ gh njhYgjid nghW UwJ.

nkf efJl, m kiyahdJ njhYfgl ghngh UwJ.

mnf w mU x, kjsnghW xwJ. nj cQ

tLf ghLwd. kf MLwd. Mifah, fh xU ehlf

elgJ nghW UwJ.

tfjhk

J btkiH jtG QW bgUtiu bgUgh

CJ njhY gdngh xj kwt wU

jhJ jit KH jJ kJfu ghl

NJ khk yho ehlf JsFW jdnt.

- Ujfnjt

53

viyfisbayh flJ vF guJ thG kf kdfis

bfhisbfhL afitF ij bkh, Xa. fhgtiu

ftGJ csfis jtagLJ cajfiy Xafiy.

Xa ngR brf gy; czJ fUJfnsh fgy.jHf bjhWbjhL stj ghuga fiyf gy.

mtW gy, fhybtsjh moJ brygL mJnghd. va

y, jHf fiywfis fiyEg mit cynfhF

vLJfhL xsFfshf fwd. jH tsj Efiy

f tir Xafiy Kd wJ.

gHfhy kf, j cs fUJfis ygLj ghiwfY FiffY vGd. j vzij u tiuJ bt

gLd. tiw bjhbghU MfshY ya rhWfshY

mJbfhs KowJ.

.K. 2000 MLfF Kgl fhy kf dFGfshf

thjd. jh ja kiyFiffY ghiwfY nfhnlhaf

tiujd. mtiw jfhy bjhbghU M Jiwd fLoJ

bt bfhzJsd.

jHf UgijJF nkgl lf ( kh, ngh brj,

yF ntil Madtiw FF) FifXaf fLof

gLsd.

jeho rf fhyF Kdnu Xaf tiuagld. jh tiuj Xafis Kj fbzGJ vnw tHsd.

j ya vGJ vgjF Xa vd bghU Ujjid

gghl, FWbjhif br mof bjgLJwd. dbkhY

vGJf cUtfshf csd. vdnt, gHfhy kf u vGJfsh

fUJfis ygLd. mitna ehsil bkhFpLfshf

tsJsd.

Xa tiujF nenfhL, nfhznfhL, tisnfhL Kjad

mogilahF. thW tiuagLgit nfhnlhaf vdgL.

mtiunfhLfnk t, fW, kr, y Kja tzf r,

mHa Xafshf cUbtLF.

ciueil

Xafiy

54

bjhfha eLf tzf g TWwJ. eLf ngh

ukuz va udJ cUt, bga, bgUikFa bra Kjadtiw

bghF gHf UjJ. , jh brJfUF cUtij

Kj tiuJ ghj dnu, mnthaijbfhL f cUt

mikj ku. jgo MuhJ nehdh brJFtjF Xa Jiz

jjid, Xa Kdnu tsUjjid czu KowJ.

Xafiy X, Xt, Xa, u, gl, glh, toif br vd gy bgafsh tHfbgwJ. Xa fiyP Xa, Xayt,

fQ idP, ufhu, jf idP, jf, s

tnyh vd miHfglh. Xa vzf vGia gy

tzf JizbfhL vGJnthuhj fQ idP vd

fHbgwh

edha j ciu XaUF, nehdh flnj j

bjh WJnth vd yfz tFUgJ vJiz bghUj

ghfsh? Xa EQfij eF fW yikbgw Ma

Xa yt vd nghwglh.

Xa fiyP FGit Xa khf vwiHjd. M Xa

uhfj vd, bg Xa unrdh vd bga bgUjd.

55

Ml kf khj, Xa br ciu lif fWJiw

nghf bghbwho klijahf Ujd vd y gfwJ. UJ Xa fiybfd j yfz f Ujd vgjid

bjJbfhsyh.

tiufUf

gtif fhf, cUtf tiua Xa mfhy gtif

fUfis gagLd. tzL nfh if, Jif,

toif vdglJ. tzf FH gyifF toif gyif vd

bgaoUjd.

tiulf

mfhy Xaf tiutjbfW jna lf mikJ Ujd. d Xa tiuagl lf uTl,

ukhl, vGJiy klg, vGbj mgy vd tHfgld. iw

eld tjnf u rig xwid VgLsd. tUJ

Xafiy jHF Uj

56

fis tiuj br, beLethil vD rf

jU ma brahF. Xaf w, Uj, lj Ma kj afis u, mik, d, a, ctif Kja

bkghLfis cjk, kk, mjk kW jrjhs, etjhs,

grjhs Kja msfis tWJtJ jHUnf ca Xa

kufshf sFwd.

d, rf fhy brUj Xafiy ilfhy

ijJ kiwJnghf bjhlaJ. kiwJ bfhoUj XafiyF

L J Coatf gyt nguurfsht.

.. 7M who jHfij Ml Kjyh knfutk gyt,

fiyaht ft. knfutk fhy Xafiy vGW

caiyia voaJ. kdnd wj Xadhf fbgUjh.

fbtLf kdid ufhu vd fwd. jzu vD Xa YF kd ciu vGsh. brUJ

knfutk XafiyJ bfhoUj gid Mtij

cs lifia Cjayh.

jdthr

knfutk fhyF d jHf Mj

murf Xafiyia tsJ tJshf. gdkiy, Ukiy,

khkyu Fifnfh, khk^, fh ifyhrehj nfh

Kja lf gyt fhy Xaf ijj njhwJl

fhzgLwd. ght cUt, du , d, fjt

57

Xaf fhnghiu kaFtd. Uefiu nru fhy Xaf

ilJsd. JnfhilF mUnf jdthr vD Fifnfh

Xaf, Xa fUyfshf itJ nghwjFjd. .. xgjh who mtg nrfu $tyg vw ghoa kd fhy,

kJiu Ma sbfsjk nthafis tiujh vd fbtL

br mwJ. mFs jhkiujlhf, Ml mzFf, mur,

mu Xaf e fiz fttd.

jdthr Xa

nrhHfhy tdf Xafis jir bganfh fL

kHyh. mtYs fF fiyfh ffSF Ujgd.

nrukh, Rju fiybrY fh, tbgUkh Ku vj fh,

Rjuiu jLjhS nfhy, ehoa kf, khkd uhruhr,

fUnjt Kja Xaf tuyhW wig czJtd.

Utuf, Ug, iy, Uth%, Flij, kJiu, fh Kja

gy lf raefu ehaf kdf Xaf fhzgLwd.

.. gbdlh who bjhlf jiria Ml kuhoa

kdf fhy Xafiy eF ts bgwJ. XiyfY,

fzhofY, jjfY Xaf lbgwd. tzf

tdnfg udf gfbgwd. Xaf iftzfis

W nfh TiufY RtfY kugfY fhzyh.

58

kh dhf

m. wtadhf

nfhol lij uf.

1. rffhy Xafis vd miHjd.

2. bjhfha tzf g TWwJ.

3. iw eld tjF VgLjglJ rig.

4. fJLfsh tot kL tiutjid vwiHjd.

5. ufhu vd miHfglt .

M. FWdhf

1 . Xafiy vthbwyh miHfglJ?

2. nfhnlhaf vwh vd?

3. tiufUf vitbait?

4. nrhHfhy Xaf vF fhzgLwd?

5. ehaf fhy Xaf vbfF csd?

. Wdhf

1. gHfhy Xafshf fblLfglit vit?

2. Xa tiulfshf fjit vit?

3. jHUnf ca Xa kufis vthW fltJ?

59

bfhilFz

Jizghl

( fz kfhuhrh bfhilwidg gy thbkh uhz ku

fijf csd. mjifa fijf xwid nghJ cfSF

Twnghnw vW gho fijia Tw bjhldh. ghoia R

cfhUj FHijf MtJl fij nff Majkhd. fz

kfhuhrh bfhilw ga brf Jjhf ehS tJbfhnl

Uwd. )

fz kfhuhrh f gubfhnl UjJ. fz kfhuhrh xU

wurjh. mtDF mj ehil bfhilahf bfhLjt Jnahjd.

xUeh mikr xUt JnahjdDl ng bfhoUFnghJ,

kfhunt, fjh j eho rfut. jfl vyhjkhd

mfhufS, brtK, gil csd. jhf jhdkhf bfhLj

mfnjr vw a ehiljh fz MSwh. fzD cf

MSifF cgltjh, Mdh, j eho nghJ, cfSF

yhj f fzDFjh UwJ, m~J vgo ahakhF? vW Fjfkhf ddh mikr.

JnahjdDF mikr TWtJ Kiwahfnt njhaJ. vdnt,

Jnahjd mikrl, ehD, fz kh f bgw jh nahrid

Tw ntL vW Tdh. mikr, kfhunt, ehisKj

jhfS fzidngh bfhil bfhLf bjhlLf. cfSF

bfhilts vw f ilJL vW Tdh.

Jnahjd r, mgona brnw vwh. clnd mikr, kfhunt, go X mUikahd nahrid Ta vdF bfhilahf VjhtJ bfhLf Tlhjh? vW nflh.

mjF Jnahjd, go nahrid brhtjfhfjh ckF khjh khj rgs bfhLnwnd, jna ntW nfnu! Kj lij fh gQ vwh Jnahjd. mikr mnghJjh idjh. bfhil

bfhLgjF xU kd ntL vW, wFz yhk bfhil

bfhLw kd jhdhf thuhJ vW idJ bfhlh.

kWeh, Jnahjd kfhuhrh bfhil bfhLgh vW mikr mjh. mj mig nfgl fz jshj Katngh,

j cUtij khbfhL Jnahjdl tJ, Iah, vdF xU

60

bghU jhdkhf ntL vW nflh. bgatnu, ckF vd ntL

vW nfS jUnw vwh Jnahjd. mjF mj bgat

ntl tj fz, D xU khj fJ nj eh tJ, eh

U bghUis nfL bgWbfhnw vwh. Jnahjd, r

vnghJ ntLkhdhY, vd bghU ntLkhdhY nfL bgW

bfhS vW thF bfhLjh. Jnahjdl thF bgWbfhL

brw fz, mWkhiyna, kiHflis miHJ, ehisKj xU

khjF milkiH bga ntL vW nfL bfhlh. mWKj

xU khjkhf Jnahjd ehblF milkiH bgjJ. fz xU

khj fJ Katnghy ntlL Jnahjdid fhz tjh.

Jnahjd, mj Katiu ghJ, ah ? kiH eidJ

bfhL, j neu vwh.

eh cfis Kng rJns; vdF bfhilahf xU

bghUis juntL vW xUkhjF K nfoUnj. jhfS

jUnw vW thF bfhLJf, idUwjh? vW nflh.

JnahjdDF mnghJjh, mj f idF tjJ.

mikrD cl Ujh. mtD, Mkh kfhuhrh! jhf thF

bfhLf vW idodh. mjbfd nghJ? vd

ntLnkh nfL bgWbfhL brY vW f myakhf

Tdh. Kat ntl Uj fz, kfhunt, bfhiltsny,

vdF nghnj xU to iwa fhj wFntL. v kf

Ukz fF mLbgf, fhj wF njitahf UwJ vwh.

Jnahjd dJl, Kat ntl UF fzid

ghJ, ckF vd iga oJljh! F xUkhjkhf kiH

bgJbfhnl UwJ. F, ehf mukid gaghonf wF

yhk mygL bfhoUnwh. j neu tJ fhj

wF nfnu! bgh bghU VjhtJ njit vwh nfS jUnw.

wF kL nffh vW Tdh.

Kat jaagona, bfhiltsny, jhf vdF bfhLj

thF vdhtJ? vW nflh. Kat Tajid nfl Jnahjd

L dJl thfhtJ nghfhtJ lij fh gQ vwh.

mikr, e eho fz vW xU ts Uwh; mtl

ngh nf, jUth ckF vwh. mikr brhdjid nfl

Kat, brhdhY brhyhlhY fz kfhuhrhitjh ghf

nghnw vW brhL mUJ wgL nenu, fz kfhuhrh

mukidF brwh, Kat ntl Uj fz.

61

Kat xUt, jK kiH eidJbfhL tJ gjid

ghj fz kfhuhrh, Kj KatUF cLbfhs khW cil

jiyia Jtobfhs JL bfhLFkhW cjulh.

KatU mjgona cyj Milfis cLbfhlh. mtUF

FUF jkhf gUFtjF Nlhf ghY bfhLfglJ. jid

isghbfhl bgat, Iah, fz kfhuhrhnt! ehisF fhiy v kfSF Ukz

eilbgw csJ. mjF rika bra xU to iwa fhj wF

ntL; fhj wif bfhilahf nffnt eh F tJns

vwh. fz kfhuhrh, j mukid gahsfis miHJ, e

ehL fho mukid xWsJ. mJ KGtJ ghHilUwJ.

mj mukid iwa fS cufS csd. mit kiH

eidahk fhj iy UF. f xU to iwa mtiw

vLJ V, mit eidahk Uf mtnk Xiyfis Tiungh

ntJ, bgat CUF mD itf vW Mizlh.

fz kfhuhrh brhdgona gahsfS fhL mukid cs

fis cufis bgaJ vLJ, xU to V, mit

eidahk Uf gid Xiyah Tiu ntJ toia Jnahjd

khif UF bjUtna Xo brwd.

bgatnu, fhj wF ilJlJ nghUnf vW

mikr nff, Kat ntl Uj fz, Mkh, fhj wF ilJlJ. bfhilts fz kfhuhrhjh bfhLjh vW cuf

Tdh. bfhilts vD brhiy bgat ntLbknw mG

crJ Tdh.

mikrDF mnghJjh, bfhilbfhLf brt kL Ujh

nghjhJ; bfhil csK Tj m ntL vD cik jJ.

J bfhnl eljh Kat ntl Uj fz.

nghJ wjh FHijfns, fz kfhuhrh bfhilw! vW T fijia Kojh gho.

e : fHu, jhjh gho brhd fijf

kh dh

fLiu dh

`bfhilFz fijia RU vGJf.

62

yfz

myfz

khzt : tzf, Iah. Ma : tzf, midtU cfhUf. vyhU bghf Uehis kahf bfhlhofsh? KjHF : M, Iah. bghfyW il ik brJ, ehfS jhil idJ, bghfL futid tz tgL UJnlh.

Ma : vthW eik eh jhilfshY mfyfshY mHF brJ bfhnwhnkh, mJnghy ytfS jhf vGJ ghlfis brhyhY bghUshY mHFgLJt vgjid mUfsh? : mgoah, Iah! ghlfSF mfsh? mJg brhYf, Iah.

Ma : M. m vwh mHF vgJ bghU. ytf bris mHFgLJtjid, m vnw tHd. mthwhd mf, a e, ca e Kjad. bra : a ea vwh vd, Iah? Ma : xU bghU aig csJ csthW TWtJ a ea vdgL.

njh btl kbjh Js Ma bttis th luw

nj Eil brW tzf

Ma kifa mif tUJth.

ghl j fil Ma kifa jik csthnw mHFgl brhygLtjid fhzyh.

kif : caea g TWf, Iah. Ma : xUbghU jikia ifgL TWtJ ca ea vdgL. caukhd kiyia iz bjhL kiy vd tUj; caukhd itnfh nghiu thid KL itnfhngh vd ca TWj. khzt : e, Iah.

63

kh dhf

m) FWdhf

1. m vwh vd?2. a ea vwh vd? sf jUf.3. ca ea vwh vd? vLJfhLl sFf.

tFgiwwf

m) ngRj w

fLfj g RWyhitg IJ kJf ngRf.

M) vGJj w : xU fijia ciuahlyhfnth brahfnth ehlfkhfnth kh vGJj.

xU fit fijahfnth ehlfkhfnth kh vGJtjdh bkhahwY

gilghwY bgUF.

(v.fh.) e rha btSj fij cfSF bjUF. j fijia

ciuahlyhf vGJnth.

f : ah , cid jFK eh ghjiyna?

e : eh, iwtdh mDggl j fho mur.

f : brhtJ cikjhdh?

e : Mkh, cfis bayh MstUF mur. v MSikF f

vyh mogj ntL.

f : mgona brnw.

e : vdF gwJ. czF clnd VghL br.

f : bghGnj brnw.

ehf efjd. xUeh kiHbgjbghGJ fhoUj ef Cisld.

g

fhQ bjhlf mikJs mfis vLbjGJf.

1. jbkh ikahdJ.

2. thfbfhl jehL.

3. bjid ku caukhdJ.

64

mjidnfl eaur, j dgW kW gHf fhuzkhf jhD Cisl

bjhlaJ. e Cisljid nfl f, eia milahs fL JuaJ.

e, jnjh iHnjh vd Xo kiwjJ.

g : jGF jiybfhLj Fkz fijia cf Mal nflJ, mjid

ciuahl to vGJf.

bkhw g

m) WjFf

brisnah ciueilianah goFnghJ, bghUis bjthf J

gof, ca czfis btgLj gagLJtJ WjFfshF.

WjFfS ytiw

65

ghuah ghrh rgj f wj gil. Rj nrhW nghL vgJ gHbkh. tzLnghJ, joj vGJf vGJnghJ, monfhL

LnghJ F l njitiy.

7. uil nknfh F ( ...) :

xUt Tajid neTwhf TWnghJ, xU bjhliu nknfhshf TWnghJ

uil nknfh FLj ntL. mf mHF Kf bj vwh xsitah.

g

tU bjhlfSF bghUjkhd WjFL vGJf.

1. c bga vd

2. vnd kakiy cau

3. a ir ehlf KjHhF

4. v vD brh nkf vD bghU tU

5. cltiu css id vgJ gHbkh

6. a ir ehlf vd j _tifgL

7. UFwis aat ah

8. jbkh X caj brbkh

9. ciH thuh cWf csnth

10. mnjh ~J vd bfhLik

M) jbHfis id Tf.

mu j mu j

v v v v

1 6

2 7

3 8

4 9

5 10

) fLiu vGJj : RWw ik

66

jaf jnyna ngRnth!

y jij-kf ciuahl

kf : lho, vdF j by[ ay. vdF brh FLf.

jij : vj by[ ay? if bfhLth ghfyh.

kf : jhf, lho.

jij : fk mntd[h?

kf : Or, j by[ eljd mF eh nghLnl.

ehisF j by[by bl itwhf.

jij : mgoah, eh brh jnw. VjhtJ thf hF

nghnwD itJbfh. gh v[h, k cl gzFLJ,

bu ghbf thL tu brhwhf. vgo thFnt?

kf : vd lho, J? hy bu UfhD nfng. mtf FLjl

clnd vts UD nfL FLL tUnt.

jij : ntbwd brth?

kf : ntbwJby.

jij : u ghbfbl ifby thfd xlnd vd brnt?

kf : LF tJLnt.

jij : uh. bkhjy mj u ghbfy rahd vil UfhD

ghfQ. be mj ghbfy nkDghr nl, vga nl,

v.M.. nu vd nghoUfhfD ghfQ.

kf : bj vyh V ghfQ. ghfdh vd nl MF?

jij : y nkDghr fbgf bt FiwthTl ng gUghf.

mj bu vga nl KoUfyh., v.M.. nubll mfkh

gz FLJ ehk thUfyh. mjdhy bjyh nfyh ghJ

thfQ.

jHfshf wj eh, e ynyna mwhl thif bgUgF

My brhfis fyJ ngRnwh vgjF iuahliy rhwhf fhlyh.

Mybrhfis fyfhk ngRtJjh jHfsha ekF ebkhF bgUik.

iuahl lbgWs MybrhfSfhd jbrhfis mJ

bfhL ey j ngRf. iuahl lbgWs MybrhfSFa

jbrhfis vG ciuahl mikf.

67

thifw

kd mGjfis vbfhs

bghUjhj vz, bra, jid Matwh VgL kdiyna kd mGjkhF. kd mGjij nkyhik braho ikna gaF. kdij et brYj, gilghw

68

tsu braghLfnfl w braghL -1

tU gia gof nfL Gs dhfSF rah jtwh vd

ilaf.

ghoJiu brhbgh MWt tyt. t kJiuF brwnghJ kJiu mg y, tiu brhbgh MWkhW ntobfhld. jfhf

UFwis fguhkhazij xUKiw goJL ngr vdh. U

fis mgl nflh. Mdh, mgfnsh mf jfl iy

vW Td. jdh ghoJiu tUjKwh. iy khw X ma lij

oaJ mt kd.

ml isthfjh 1901M ML brlg f gdhfh

eh PhWHikaW gf kJiuYs nrJg caiy g

ehfh jrfij njhWjh. rf jiH tsjnjhL kLk

jtsF yt bgUkfis tsJ fhJ tjJ. jTW eYyf

nghWtif ehfh jrf fblLj ghoJiu f jhj

cstiu iyUF.

jGF bjhL brnth rhtiy - ghujhr.

dhf

1. ghoJiu brw C kJiu.

(r/jtW)

2. mg ghoJiul ghlbyhW ghLkhW nfLbfhld. (r/jtW)

3. ghoJiu mgfl UFwis fguhkhazij nflh.

(r/jtW)

4. kJiuYs nrJg caiy g ehfh jrf njhWfglJ.

(r/jtW)

5. 1910M ML ehfh jrf njhWfglJ.

(r/jtW)

goj w braghL -2

ghliy Funyw wfJl thL gof.

fY kiy FJtnj - bgU

fhL bro flJtnj;

viy j rkbt vFeh w jtJ jtJtnj.

69

fh yjH Mtnj - m

fF ug fLtnj!

M kybgh brJtnj - mbf

Mir uis ahotnj.

Vwhj nkLf Vtnj - gy

V Fsf utnj;

Cwhj CY cFnj - kz

Xilf bghl Xotnj.

- fk

J vGJj braghL - 3

fhQ ciugia goJ mltizia uf.

vGt bfhLj bfhil

Kiybfho bfhGbfh bgwhj ifig fzh fl, j

brtiy, th kwJ, mjF cjjny czth jh CJ tj njiu

mF mjF cajhf W tjh gh vD ts. utyF Fiufis

tH ehil eat fh vD ts. yw glhilia Myk

brtDF bfhLJ ntoa bghUfis Cfis tjtF vyh

tH, vyh Hjt M vD ts. bgWjF mjh theh tsF

cajh bgw befia jh cz fUjhk, yt beoJ thH iHJ

bfhLJ kjt makh. egj yw eljF ntLtd e f

bgwt e. Tjj fiythH mtF ehL bfhLJ fjt X. k Mo

mfaij nfL Fuh eL Tajhf czJ j nghitia mjF

bfhLjt ngf.

-lhl K.tujuhr, j ber

t.v bfhil bfhLjt ah?

1. KiyF nj

2. utyF Fiu

3. tjtF Cf

4. ytF bef

5. ywF bghU

6. TjF ehL

7. kYF nghit

70

vGJj w braghL - 4

Utlf cs brhfis ca Kiw izJ bjhliu cUthFf.

1. mr jngh

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

vbrh mj braghL - 5

1. mGif th a. ( / JgK )

2. KJik ahtF cL. ( _ / sik )

3. wfK kiyF mHF. ( VwK / ca )

4. ca midtlK gHFj eW. ( jh / jaf )

5. xWik flh F. ( ntWik / bgUik )

flj braghL - 6

LfijfSFa ilfis flJ flfis uf.

1. be 1. jhis bfhLjh D; j Fojh ko.

2. taYF viyahth; j jiyiana elf bfhLgh.

3. gh tJ nrU Knd gJ f iwthr.

4. rh cau iga itjbjyh rikgh.

5. glFF ifahth; gazJF cjth.

2. u

3.

4. L

5. J

jngh fngh

bfhnth ngRnth

mfWnth

brnth

mahik J

f eik

cik mr

71

bghUJf. braghL - 7

nfhnlha

Fif Xa

Xiy Xa

fzho Xa

brh isahL braghL - 8

Ffis gagL vD vG Ko brhfis tlf uf.

1. gR jUtJ

2. thF UgJ

3. jf jbrh

4. nghfUfS xW

5. Lfl cjtJ

6. vGJf gy nrjh

7. elf cjtJ

8. jha tiffS xW

gh

72

eoj w braghL -9

bfhilFz Jizghl VnjD xU fit ehlfkhf eoJ fhLf.

gilghw braghL -10

ca brhfis u ghliy iw brf.

(bghU, Tik, u, nj, ciH, nt )

thSF ntL.

thF ntL.

tLF ntL.

taYF ntL.

ntjDF ntL.

btF ntL.

z braghL -11

ghF kil tiuagl Xa.

be bghUfis jngh; khW bghUfis gagLJnth.

ghFkilfis gagL cdh bra Koj bghUfis brf.

73

fwyil WkL

kbg : 10

1. bghUjhj izia njbjLf. 1 x 1 = 1 m. ghujhr - uhijah

M. knfu tk - jzu

. fHu - jhjh gho brhd fijf

74

kbfho

fjuhil beJ

_tz fyJ

KfUJ cz

erfu bghJ

ehy nghW

kbfhona!

gLt ghFghoiy.

ghku ril xth

ghuhSkw gwLth

ghfsh cid

bjhGLnth!

ghuj KGtJ

tzLnth!

K. e,

VHh tF

ifbaGJ j ( kh )

UtSt ML M khj brlg - 2013

VHh tFmuR bgf nkiy g

Utq, Utq khtl.

mU

neU khkh

khkhth vf neU!

tUF iz ntW ahU!

my nghW Ma nrh

kjU na khf!

nuhrh Noa uhrh - cdh

IjhL l ts

gry bfhif ky!

cf wj ehns - vW

vf k ehns!

uh. bjw, VHh tF

fh jhjh

bghaah jhjh

bghifth jhjh

mirt Ljiyia

bgW jj jhjh

mt bgUik nghWnth

mybkF ehLnth.

f. jh,

VHh tF

gh. uah, VHh tF

. khakh, VHh tF

75

x g

76

vdh Ko, eh brnj

(I can, I did)khzt fw braghLf gntL

ghl :

t.v eh ghl v ghljiy braghL Fiu

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7th tamil bk 3rd term7 TH Eng TRI-3