Status:9.10.2008 Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers CHP – one Possibility to reduce CO 2 Karsten Brinkmann Promotion for CHP Berlin

Status:9.10.2008 Karsten BrinkmannPowerMex-CHP_CO2

bensheimengineers

CHP – one Possibility to reduce CO2

Karsten Brinkmann

Promotion for CHP Berlin 2008


bensheimengineers

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

CO

2 in

Mio

t/y

CO2 CO2 + CO2 equiv

Germany – CO2 Reduction Targets

German targets:Reduction based on 1990 values

40%

(if EU promises total 30%)

730 Mio t/y

2020

20%

Following the Kyoto protocol and as a driver in EU German politics defined ambitious CO2 reduction targets


bensheimengineers Germany – Reduction Subsectors 2020

Total Savings 270 Mio t CO2/year

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Ren

ewab

les

Po

wer

up

to

27%

Hea

tin

gS

avin

gs

Eff

icie

ncy

Co

nsu

mp

tio

n

No

n e

ner

gy

fiel

ds

Eff

icie

ncy

Tra

nsp

ort

& R

E

Ren

ewin

g o

fP

ow

erst

atio

ns

Do

ub

lin

g C

HP

po

wer

Ren

ewab

les

Hea

t

Mio

t C

O2 /

year


bensheimengineers Efficiency Advantage of CHP

20-35 % Primary Energy Consumption Reduction + Emission Reduction (depending on fuel)

Conventional Generation

Powerplant

BoilerFuel56(51)

Losses 11(6)

80%(90)

31%(40)Fuel97(75)

Heat 45 units

Combined Heat&Power

Heat45

CHP

Power 30 units

Losses 25

Losses 67(45)

Total Fuel100 unit75%

Total Fuel153 (126) units


bensheimengineers Carnot’s Law

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1,0

01002003004005006007008009001000

Temperature of Useful Heat [°C]

Req

uir

ed

Fu

el

En

erg

y /

Usefu

el

Heat

[kW

h/k

Wh

]

Carnot Law

CHP effect


bensheimengineers CHPs are not all alike

Type: Private5 kW (electricity)

12 kW (heat)

Household CHP

Type: Industrial CHP20.000 kW (electricity)

20.000 kW (heat)

Location: Bauernfeind

Type: Utility CHP3.000.000 kW (electricity)

1.000.000 kW (heat)

Location: Scholven


bensheimengineers

Steam turbine Gas turbine

Engines

- With heat recovery

- Piston steam engine

- Extraction condensing

- Back pressure

- Micro turbinesSteam gas cycle

-Stirling engine

- Steam screw engine

innovative

- STIG

Organic Rankine Cycle

- Extraction condensing

- Back pressure

Types of CHP processes

- Diesel and Gas engine

Fuel Cells


bensheimengineers Characteristics of Different CHP technologies

10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000

MicroTurbines

Fuel Cells

Rich Burn Engines

Lean Burn Engines

Gas Turbines

Applicable Size Range, kWe

Strong Market Position

Market Position

Emerging Position

Steam Turbines


bensheimengineers Criteria for Choice and Design

Usual for CHP and non-CHP:

• Output

• Fuel: availibility, price, safety • Efficiency (load behaviour)

Additionally for CHP:• Power/Heat ratio (load behaviour)


bensheimengineers CHP-Technologies: Suitable Fuels

So

lid

bio

mas

s

ExperiencedPossibleImpossible

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Residential

Commercial

Industrial

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

xN

atu

ral

Gas

Lig

ht

oil

Hea

vy f

uel

oil

Co

al

Bio

ga

s

So

lid

was

te

< 0,015

0,015 – 0.100

0,1 - 1

1- 5

1- 5

5 – 50

> 50

Plant size (MW)

x

x


bensheimengineers Example CHP with Steam Turbines

Fuels

coal, oil, municipal waste, biomass, in principle almost every fuel can be applied

Advantages

largest capacities

wide fuel range – low fuel costs

mature technology

Disadvantages

limited electrical efficiency

expensive in operation in small scale


bensheimengineers

Fuels

liquid and gaseous fuels (oil, natural or synthesis gas)

Advantages

low investment costs

mature technology (> 1 MWel)

Disadvantages

constant power to heat ratio

partload behaviour

Example CHP with Gas Turbines


bensheimengineers Example CHP with Diesel- and Gas Engines

Fuels gas, biogas, oil, methanol

Advantages

mature technology

easy handling

two heat sources

Disadvantages

limited temperature

higher investment


bensheimengineers

Significant energy consuming industries are e.g. :

• Sugar• Pulp&Paper• Food• Fertilizers• Petrochemicals

Energy Consuming Industries

Food

0,00

5,00

10,00

15,00

20,00

25,00

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

1700

Temperature

equ

ival

ent

Fu

el c

on

sum

pti

on

T

Wh

Food

Chemical

0,00

5,00

10,00

15,00

20,00

25,00

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

1700

Temperature

equ

ival

ent

Fu

el c

on

sum

pti

on

T

Wh

Chemical

PetrochemicalsFood


bensheimengineers

Distilleries20%

Rice mills7%

Fertilizer6%

Paper & pulp6%

Sugar35%

Diverse13%

Petrochemical3%

Brew eries2%Iron & steel

2%

Caustic soda3%

Cotton textile3%

Sugar Distilleries Rice mills Fertilizer Paper & pulp Cotton textile

Caustic soda Petrochemical Iron & steel Brew eries Diverse

CHP - Potentials in Indian Industry


bensheimengineers Decentralisation Production Structure

Extremely decentralised CHP (example Denmark)

1984 2004

Distance of Heat transport limited to some km.


bensheimengineers

.

CHP Fuel structure – Example Netherlands

20%

5%

13%62%

Gas engine Steam turbine

Gas Turbine CCP

Distribution of installed capacity 2006

48%

6%27%

12% 7%

Industry Refineries DH

Horticulture Other

Distribution of Users 2006

CCP GT

GE

ST Industry

DH

Horti

Refineries


bensheimengineers Germany – Funding in Energy Sector

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

200

19

65

Do

mes

tic

coa

l

9,9

2009

C

HP

III

CH

P2,

5 20

09 C

HP

III

DH

? R

EE

(win

d,

bio

mas

s, f

uel

cel

ls)

5,8

19

74

Reg

Tec

hn

olo

gie

s<

0,5

1976

O

il &

Gas

on

lo

w l

evel

Additional to the shown: European & regional programs

bn

US

$

23

196

1 R

&D

, N

ucl

ear

Dem

o p

lan

ts

6,6

1991

RE

Fee

d-i

n

0,9

199

8 so

lar

roo

fs

8,7

200

0 C

HP

I+

II

3,2

197

8 B

uil

din

g I

sola

tio

n

0,9

199

0 C

HP

0,6

1991

reh

abil

itat

ion

Eas

t

2,7

197

8 D

H

24 bn US$


bensheimengineers

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

Denmar

k

Nether

lands

Finlan

d

Portu

gal

Spain

Germ

any

CH

P c

apac

ity

MW

el

2000

2020

0100002000030000400005000060000700008000090000

100000

Denmar

k

Nether

lands

Finlan

d

Portu

gal

Spain

Germ

any

CH

P G

ener

atio

n G

Wh

el

2000

2020

ion

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

Denmar

k

Nether

lands

Finlan

d

Portu

gal

Spain

Germ

any

CH

P c

apac

ity

MW

el

2000

2020

CHP Generation el

CHP Capacity el CHP Capacity el

with present policy

Assumed:• All benefits of CHP internalised into costs• Micro generation feasible• Fuel cells are a possibility• Politics focussed on decentralisation• Increased efficiencies

CHP – Scenarios Europe


bensheimengineers

Behind Renewables and maybe nuclear energy CHP will play the most important CO2 reduction role

CHP share will grow in all countries

Each country will have unique CHP solutions regarding domestic fuels, industry structure, climate

Large CHP will participate in development of large units where possible

Decentralisation will increase

Conclusions


bensheimengineers

www.bensheim-engineers.de

Thank you very much for your attention

Documents

Status:9.10.2008 Karsten Brinkmann PowerMex-CHP_CO2 bensheim engineers CHP – one Possibility to reduce CO 2 Karsten Brinkmann Promotion for CHP Berlin