States of MatterStates of Matter

Title:Title: States of Matter

Problem:Problem: How do solids, liquids, and gases differ in the motion of their particles?

Hypothesis/Initial Thoughts:Hypothesis/Initial Thoughts:

STATES OF MATTERSTATES OF MATTER

There are Four States of There are Four States of MatterMatter

•We will focus on the main 3We will focus on the main 3

•SolidSolid

•LiquidLiquid

•GasGas

Data/Observation:Data/Observation:

• Use the information in this Use the information in this presentation to take notes and fill in presentation to take notes and fill in the table on solid, liquid, and gasthe table on solid, liquid, and gas

• Do not glue in your table until we are Do not glue in your table until we are finished with notesfinished with notes

STATES OF MATTERSTATES OF MATTER

• Based on Based on – particle arrangement– energy of particles– distance between particles

Change of State• A compound or element can move from

one state to another, but can still be the same substance.

How can this happen?How can this happen? The answer lies in the motion of the atoms The answer lies in the motion of the atoms in matter. in matter.

• Temperature or pressure changes Temperature or pressure changes state state can changecan change

• Energy (heat) added Energy (heat) added atoms move faster atoms move faster

• energy (heat) taken away energy (heat) taken away atoms move atoms move slower.slower.

Kinetic Theory of Matter

Matter is made up of particles which are in continual random motion.

STATES OF MATTERSOLIDS

•Particles of solids vibrate back and forth but are closely locked in position.

•Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume. Heat

STATES OF MATTERLIQUID

Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another, allowing liquids to flow.

Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume.

Heat

STATES OF MATTERGAS

Particles of gases are very far apart and move freely (idependently).

Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.

Heat

PHASE CHANGES

Melting

Vaporization

CONDENSATION

FREEZING

Solid

Gas

Liquid

Gain in heat

Loss in heat

DEPOSITION

Sublimation

Copy this Diagram

What is the fourth state of matter?

• You do not need to take notes

• This is for your information only

What happens if you raise the temperature to super-high levels…

between 1000°C and 1,000,000,000°C ?

Will everything just be a gas?

STATES OF MATTERPLASMA

A plasma is an ionized gas.

A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields.

Plasmas, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.

• Plasma is the common state of matter

STATES OF MATTER

SOLID LIQUID GAS PLASMA

Tightly packed, in a regular pattern

Vibrate, but do not move from place

to place

Close together with no regular arrangement.Vibrate, move

about, and slide past each other

Well separated with no regular arrangement.

Vibrate and move freely at high

speeds

Has no definite volume or shape and is composed

of electrical charged particles

Some places where plasmas are found…

Flames

Lightning

Aurora (Northern Lights)

The Sun is an example of a star in its plasma state

The sun's enormous heat rips electrons off the hydrogen and helium molecules that make up the sun. It is a great big ball of plasma.

Review:Property Gas Liquid Solid

Shape

Volume

Movement of particles

Arrangement of

particles

Picture

No definite shape. Takes the shape of the container

Definite shape

No definite volume. Fills the container

Definite volume. Definite volume.

Move freely and independently at high speeds and collide frequently

Collide and slide past each other Can only vibrate

Tightly packed in a regular pattern

Close together with no regular arrangement

Well separated with no regular arrangement

No definite shape. Takes the shape of the container

Links for Change of StateLinks for Change of State

• Study JamsStudy Jams

• MR. EDMONDSMR. EDMONDS!!!!!!!!

• AnimationAnimation

• Close up of particlesClose up of particles

• Close up of particles 2Close up of particles 2

• Changes in State QuizChanges in State Quiz