Chapter 6 Kinetic Particle Theory - PBworkslearnphysics.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/110132023/Kinetic Particle... · 6.2 Models of States of Matter Chapter 6 Kinetic Particle Theory

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Chapter 6

Kinetic Particle Theory

To understand that matter is made up of small

particles which are in constant and random

motion.

To describe simple model of solids, liquids and

gases, in terms of the arrangement and

movement of particles.


6.1 Using the Particulate Nature of

Matter as a Model

6.2 Models of States of Matter

Chapter 6Kinetic Particle Theory


6.1 Using the Particulate Nature of Matter as a Model

What is matter

made up of?

Can models be

used to explain

phenomena?

At the end of this section, you should be able to

answer the following questions:



• When dust particles are placed

under a beam of light, they

appear to be ‘dancing’.

• However, dust particles do not

move on their own.

• They appear to be doing so

because of the surrounding air,

which is also made up of

particles.

Click here for a video of dust

particles moving in sunlight.

What is causing the dust

particles to move?

Lesson trigger

http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/ess05.sci.ess.eiu.totaleclipse/

http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/ess05.sci.ess.eiu.totaleclipse/

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I4jWBkCyQns



• Air, like all other matter, consists of tiny

particles.

• All particles of matter are constantly moving

in a random manner and this is known as

‘Brownian motion’.

• The particulate nature of matter can be

used to explain this.



• Like dust particles, a pollen grain suspended

in water would appear to move on its own.

• The following model explains the Brownian

motion.

2. The water particles

collide with the

pollen grain. The

pollen grain is visible

to the naked eye

(with the use of a

light microscope).

3. Hence, the pollen

grain appears to be

moving on its own.

1. The water particles

are always moving

randomly. However,

the water particles

are invisible to the

naked eye.


• Water and alcohol are made up of particles of different sizes

• These particles have empty spaces in between them

• On mixing, smaller particles fill up the spaces in between the

larger particles

• Therefore, volume of the mixture is less than the separate

volumes added together.




• Thus, the particulate nature of matter is a

model used to explain matter.

• The model of particulate nature of matter

is summarised as follows:

• All matter is made up of

small discrete particles.

• All particles of one pure

substance are identical.

• Particles of all matter are in

constant and random motion.

• This model is used to explain the

properties of different states of matter.


6.1 Using the Particulate Nature of Matter

as a Model


Chapter 6 Kinetic Particle Theory



What is the model used to

explain the arrangement and

movement of particles in

solids, liquids and gases?

How can we compare the

properties of solids, liquids and

gases (volume, shape, density

and ability to be compressed) in

terms of how particles move and

are arranged?

At the end of this section, you should be able to

answer the following questions:



• When blowing air bubbles, the air

blown into the the bubble takes the

shape of the bubble.

• The liquid film surrounding the

bubble changes in shape to

contain the growing amount of air.

• The bubble wand does not change

its shape no matter how hard you

blow it.

Lesson trigger



• The bubble wand is a solid, the

liquid film is a liquid and the air is a

gas.

• These are the three different states

of matter.

• To understand the different

properties of each state, we study

the particulate nature of matter.


6.2 Models of States of Matter P

art

icle Movement

• Held together by very strong

forces of attraction

• Unable to move about freely

• Vibrate about in their fixed

positions

Arrangement• Packed very closely together

• A fixed, regular pattern

Physical properties

• Has a definite shape and

volume

• Occupies the smallest volume

• Has a higher density than

liquids and gases

• Cannot be compressed

Particulate model of a solid



art

icle Movement

• Held together by strong forces of

attraction

• Able to slide past one another

Arrangement• Packed closely together

• No fixed, regular pattern

Physical properties

• Has no definite shape

• Has a fixed volume

• Occupies more volume than

solids

• Has a lower density than

solids

• Cannot be compressed

Particulate model of a liquid



art

icle Movement

• Held together by weak forces

of attraction

• Able to move about freely

over long distances

Arrangement• Far apart from one another

• No fixed, regular pattern

Physical

properties

• Has no definite shape or

volume

• Occupies the largest volume

• Has the lowest density

• Can be compressed

Click here to see an animation of how

particles behave in different states.

Describe how the particles behave in each

state.

Particulate model of a gas

http://www.media.pearson.com.au/schools/cw/au_sch_whalley_sf1_1/int/matter.html



Particulate model of solid, liquid and gas


End of PowerPoint

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Chapter 6 Kinetic Particle Theory - PBworkslearnphysics.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/110132023/Kinetic Particle... · 6.2 Models of States of Matter Chapter 6 Kinetic Particle Theory