DATA LOGGING : STATES OF MATTER

“ BOILING POINT AND FREEZING POINT”

SSI 3013INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION

TECHNOLOGY IN SCIENCE

NAME MATRIK NO.

ARRAFFIE BIN ASGARI D20101037536

NOR AFIFAH BT MD JAMAL D20101037490

NOOR HAZLINA BT IBRAHIM D20101037489

States of Matter“Boiling Point and Freezing

Point”

SCIENTIFIC CONCEPT

Changes in the States of Matter:• Heat is a form of energy which moves the particles in matter• Changes in the states of matter can occur through heating or

cooling process. This is when the heat energy is absorbed or released from the matter

• The changes in the states of matter which can occur during the changes in heat includes:i. Meltingii. Freezingiii. Boilingiv. Condensationv. Sublimation

• During cooling process, heat will be released from matter and the state of the matter will change from gas to liquid and finally to solid.

ENGAGE

What do you think?

It’s is heating here?

Is it FREEZING here or BOILING?

EMPOWEREMPOWER

PROCEDURE (S) :

1. Connect the sensor to an interface box linked to the computer as shown in figure below.

2. Place the ice in the beaker and observed the state of ice.

3. Place the temperature sensor in the ice. 4. Take reading for every 30 seconds of time

interval until it is boiled.

6. Place Bunsen burner below the beaker for heating the beaker. Click the start button. Observe any transition process and the temperature they start to change.

7. Record the data.8. Plot graph temperature against times.9. Cool the beaker to the room temperature.

Record the temperature and time taken for it to cool.

10.Record the data.11.Plot a graph of temperature against times.

RESULT

HEATING OF WATERTemperature, (oC) Time taken , seconds Phase

0 30 Solid-liquid

0 60 Solid-liquid

0 90 Solid-liquid

0 120 Solid-liquid

30 150 liquid

50 180 liquid

70 210 liquid

100 240 Liquid

100 270 Liquid-gas

100 300 Liquid-gas

100 330 Liquid-gas

100 360 Liquid-gas

100 390 Liquid-gas

100 420 Liquid-gas

100 450 Liquid-gas

100 480 Liquid-gas

120 510 vapor

142 540 vapor

160 570 vapor

Temperature, oC Time taken , minutes89 184 281 380 480 580 680 780 880 980 1080 1179 1277 13

77.5 1476 1574 1670 1768 18

COOLING OF WATER

The graph of temperature against time taken for heating of water

The graph of temperature against time taken for cooling process

DISCUSSION

• The melting process is a process where the solid phase changed to liquid phase under specific pressure. The evaporation process is a process where the liquid phase is changed to gas or vapors phase.

• The substance used is water. The melting point of water is 0 oC and temperature stay the same as the melting process occurred. When water is heated, the particles gain energy and move faster as to move away their positions and begun to vibrate around each other.

DISCUSSION:

• The temperature during boiling process is constant which 100 oC because the boiling point of water is 100 oC. When a liquid is heated, the particles gained energy and tends to moved faster. Some particles in water, which have enough energy to escape into air to from vapor and this process is known as evaporation.

• During solid phase, the water molecules are vibrated around the point and not free to move. It is expand, but, in a small value when heat is supplied. This is due to the strong force between the molecules. The energy in the particles is low.

• During liquid phase, the water molecules moved in random arrangement but still in fairly stick together. The energy in the molecules is moderate.

• During gas phase, the water molecules moved in fast and randomly. The energy in the particles in very high.

• During the cooling process, the particles loss of energy and they came closer together. As they collide, they will stick together to form droplets forming a liquid. During this process, energy in particles is loss due to less energy is needed as they are cooling.

Enhance

Water Sterilization (Boiling)

Steam Turbine

Water Sterilization

Boiling can be used as a method of portable water purification.Bringing water to the boil is effective in killing or inactivating most bacteria, viruses and pathogens. Boiling is the most certain way of killing nearly all microorganisms.

According to the Wilderness Medical

Society, water temperatures above 160°F (70°C) kill all pathogens within 30 minutes and above

185°F (85°C) within a few minutes.

So in the time it takes for the water to reach the boiling

point (212°F or 100°C) from 160°F

(70°C), all pathogens will be

killed, even at high altitude.

To be extra safe, let the water boil rapidly for one

minute, especially at higher altitudes since water boils at

a lower temperature.

Steam Turbine

A rotor of a modern steam turbine, used in a power plant

A steam turbine is a device that

extracts thermal energy from

pressurized steam and uses it to

do mechanical work on a rotating output

shaft.

The turbine generates rotary

motion, it is particularly suited to

be used to drive an electrical generator.

The steam turbine is a form of heat engine that derives much of its improvement

in thermodynamic efficiency through the use of multiple stages in the expansion of the steam,

which results in a closer approach to the ideal reversible process.

In the United States (1996), about 90% of all electricity generation is by use of steam

turbines. 

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