National Spectrum ControlSpectrum Management and Monitoring

State Radio Monitoring Center (SRMC)

9 July; Beijing; China

Dr. Haim Mazar; Vice Chair ITU-R Study Group 1 (Spectrum Management)

Sources of the presentation• 44 years of RF experience at all radio communications services • 30 years of RF Spectrum Licensing and Monitoring• Development of two Computer Aided Techniques for National

Spectrum Management• Spectrum Management ‘Shraga’• Spectrum Management System “Iris”;

• Wiley new Book ‘Radio Spectrum Management: Policies, Regulations, Standards and Techniques’

• Recommendation ITU-R SM.1370 Design guidelines for developing automated spectrum management systems

• ITU Handbook on computer-aided techniques for spectrum management 2015

• ITU Computer-aided Techniques for Spectrum Management (CAT)2015

• ITU Handbook on National Spectrum Management 2015

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• Predicted data

• Reference data base: users, sites, equipment

• Missions & priorities according to importance (safety of

life), decision makers policy & interference complaints

• Measurements, including drive tests

• Eyes & Ears: frequency, occupancy, field strength, power,

bandwidth, direction, polarization, modulation

• Infringements : discrepancies, illegal stations, comparison

to licenses

• Common display: maps, visualisation of monitoring results

and licence data

• Records, reports, statistical data & analysis

• Broadcast video, audio & data; fixed; mobile; other services

• Coverage capacity & quality of service

• Interference : complaints, investigation, identification,

• Enforcement and clearance

• Monitoring from other international & regional sources

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Interrelation of national spectrum management & monitoring functions

SRMC Beijing 9 July 2015

National Monitoring (1)

Derived from coverage and propagation and policy

• China (Mr. Chang Ruoting, Dr. Ding Jiaxin and Mr. Wang Zhixin )• HF Monitoring: SRMC responsibility; 9 stations: Beijing, Harbin, Shanghai, Fujian,

Shenzhen, Chengdu, Yunnan, Shanxi and Urumqi; Beijing is ITU international monitoring station

• VHF/UHF Monitoring: provincial stations implement VHF/UHF monitoring, including listening, measuring and interference location.

• Space Monitoring: SRMC responsibility; in Beijing and Shenzhen

• France• 46 (in 2013, 57 in 2006) monitoring stations, controlled from 7 regional offices

• 6 regional services (Aix- Marseille, Donges, Lyon, Nancy, Toulouse and Villejuif) operating 35 fixed V/UHF DFs & 11 fixed with movable directive antennas, connected to 7 centers. In addition 4 mobile DFs, 25 transportable stations, 24 laboratory vehicles & 1 vehicle for SHF to monitor the satellites and radar bands. To monitor HF a fixed ant. field of 34 hectares in Centre de contrôle international Rambouillet: 6 diamond high gain ant. for global control, 1 DF on a mobile laboratory vehicle & access to the Ministry of Defence network.

• ANFR may close the French remote controlled stations

9 July 2015 Dr. Haim Mazar; Vice Chair ITU-R Study Group 1 4

SRMC Beijing 9 July 2015

National Monitoring (2)

• Germany (Trautmann)• About 85 fixed monitoring stations (manned ones, as well remote

controlled ones with and without direction finders)

• 99 measurement vehicles

• UK (Ripley)• Ofcom’s monitoring station: Baldock in Hertfordshire

• 70 field cars

• network of remotely accessible monitoring stations across the UK

• USA (Higgins): approx. 110 monitoring site- including fixed, mobile and portable• 23 FCC offices include 1 fixed monitoring VHF/UHF, 2-4 mobile

DF/monitoring vehicles at each office & transportable/portable sites.

• FCC operates 14 fixed HF sites

9 July 2015 Dr. Haim Mazar; Vice Chair ITU-R Study Group 1 5

SRMC Beijing 9 July 2015

Items which need to be regulated

1. RF allocations to radio services; follow ITU Radio Regulations

2. Assignment of licence and RF to Tx Stations

3. Fee collection: RF License & annual fees

4. Equipment Type approval; EU R&TTE is liberal

5. Coordination with neighbour countries (no borders to the ElectroMagnetic waves)

6. Notifying ITU to the Master International Frequency Register (MIFR) e.g. http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/eBCD/ePub.aspx

7. External relations: toward ITU, International and Regional orgs see http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/133/2/MazarAug08.pdf p. 179

9 July 2015 6Dr. Haim Mazar; Vice Chair ITU-R Study Group 1

SRMC Beijing 9 July 2015

Roles of the National Spectrum Management

1. Avoid and solve interference

2. Design long and short range RF spectrum

3. Support Engineering: propagation, coverage…

4. Coordinate with military wireless services

5. Advance new wireless technologies (such as cognitive radios; digital audio and video)

6. Coordinate with other Administrations

7. Advance new technologies and efficient import of equipment

8. Serve your clients, the public: be transparent

9. Reduce RF human hazards9 July 2015 7Dr. Haim Mazar; Vice Chair ITU-R Study Group 1

SRMC Beijing 9 July 2015

ATDI ICS telecom – profile analysis windowthe basics of all engineering work

9 July 2015 Dr. Haim Mazar; Vice Chair ITU-R Study Group 1 8

Roles of RF monitoring • Ensuring operation of transmitters in conformity with

national and international regulations and licenceconditions

• Verification of proper technical and operational characteristics of authorized transmitters

• Detection and location of unauthorized transmitters and interference

• identification and resolution of interference problems

• Measuring spectrum occupancy

• Validation of propagation and sharing models

Analyses in multi-domainsuses data from Recommendation ITU-R SM.2039 Table 1

Level vs. Time

Level vs. Frequency Frequency vs. Time

In- phase vs. Quadrature-phase

Space vs. Frequency

amplitude,

pulse,

eye-diagram

spectrum, occupancy, unwanted emissions, mask of emission, noise

frequency stability, RF offset, frequency hopping

constellation-diagram,

EVM (Error Vector Magnitude), phase offset

multi-channel direction finding

SRMC Beijing 9 July 2015

Priorities in Licensing: derived from worldview and policy considerations

•national security

•emergency communications

•law enforcement

•safety-of-life, aviation, maritime

•space communications

•Scientific

•Social

9 July 2015 11Dr. Haim Mazar; Vice Chair ITU-R Study Group 1

SRMC Beijing 9 July 2015

How to manage the RF Spectrum 1.Follow Regional Allocations and Assignments; try to ease circulation of

equipment

2.Coordinate (bi-lateral and multi-lateral) with your neighbours

3.Even in China, don’t invent specific allocations; with whom do you want to be identified? Follow its rules and standards

4.Transparency; light touch (?); central-based or market-oriented? Auctions?

5.Try not to allocate to fixed transmitters and receivers (e.g. TV from air), if there is an alternative (cable or satellite)

6.Allocate RF spectrum with a vision towards implementing in many cases markets

7.Ensure the effective (reuse) and efficient (bits/hertz) use of the RF Spectrum

8.Decrease Interference by assigning: min power, min bandwidth, max RF

9 July 2015 12Dr. Haim Mazar; Vice Chair ITU-R Study Group 1

SRMC Beijing 9 July 2015

Trends in Spectrum Management: decreasetime scales & wireless innovation & entering new technologies

• WARC-1992 designated 1,885-2,025 MHz & 2,110-2,170 MHz for IMT-2000; in NTT DoCoMoJapan operated UMTS in 2001

• 2.6 GHz was allocated at WRC-2000; LTE systems at 3GPP band 3 UL 2,500 MHz–2,570 MHz and DL 2,620 MHz–2,690 MHz were launched end of 2010

• 790-862 MHz was agreed at WRC-2007. Vodafone launched its 800MHz LTE network in Germany in December 2010.

• 694-790 MHz (called the '700 MHz band'), in ITU Region 1, started at WRC-2012 & may come into force in 2015. German regulator, raised on 19 June 2015 €5.08 billion in 700 MHz, the GSM bands (900 MHz and 1800 MHz) & L-band (1452–1492 MHz)

9 July 2015 13Dr. Haim Mazar; Vice Chair ITU-R Study Group 1

SRMC Beijing 9 July 2015

Trends in Spectrum Management: spectrum efficiency

•Despite spectrum scarcity, most spectrum is unused even in developed countries

•Only Cellular, FM and 2.4 GHz bands are densely occupied around the world

•Cognitive Radios & white space devices improve the spectral efficiency

•Advanced spectrum sharing licensing: • Licensed Shared Access (LSA) in Europe or•Dynamic Access to Spectrum (DAS) in America

9 July 2015 14Dr. Haim Mazar; Vice Chair ITU-R Study Group 1

SRMC Beijing 9 July 2015

Promoting New Technologies

•Australia decided in 2000 to license only digital technologies

•Defining what is harmful interference

•Ultra Wide Band (UWB)

•soft defined radios (SDR), cognitive radio systems (CRS) and white space devices improve the spectral efficiency.

•MIMO and other adaptive antenna technologies can readily change the C/I

•Power Line Telecommunications advance broadband

9 July 2015 15Dr. Haim Mazar; Vice Chair ITU-R Study Group 1

SRMC Beijing 9 July 2015

Techniques to reduce interference

•Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS)

•Spread Spectrum modulation •direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS)•frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS)

•Detect And Avoid (DAA)

•Listen Before Talk (LBT)

•Transmitter Power Control (TPC)

9 July 2015 16Dr. Haim Mazar; Vice Chair ITU-R Study Group 1

SRMC Beijing 9 July 2015

Theories and Policies

1.So begins Leo Tolstoy's Anna Karenina : ‘All happy families are alike; each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way’

2.Between 2 points in planar geometry there is only one simple line, but indefinite curves

3.'Great minds think alike' (Michaelian)

4.‘Stand on the shoulders of giants‘ (also I. Newton)

5.'Okham’s Razor': ‘if you have to choose between competing theories, choose the simplest theory- it is most likely to be true’

9 July 2015 17Dr. Haim Mazar; Vice Chair ITU-R Study Group 1

SRMC Beijing 9 July 2015

International, Regional & National RF Spectrum Management

The author

9 July 2015 18Dr. Haim Mazar; Vice Chair ITU-R Study Group 1

SRMC Beijing 9 July 20159 July 2015 Dr. Haim Mazar; Vice Chair ITU-R Study Group 1

19Any Questions ?

U may visit my web site http://mazar.atwebpages.com/; Dr. Haim Mazar (Madjar) mazar@ties.itu.int

• Worldwide, Regional and National Unlicensed and Unprotected RF allocations, for Wireless Network Access (including Social Issues) ; ITU-T workshop all-star network access; Geneva, 2-4 June 2004

• An Analysis of Regulatory Frameworks for Wireless Communications, Societal Concerns and Risk: the Case of Radio Frequency (RF) Allocation and Licensing Boca Raton Florida: Dissertation.Com, 2009

• A Comparison Between European and North American Wireless Regulations, presentation at the ‘Technical Symposium at ITU Telecom World 2011’ www.itu.int/worl2011 on 27 October 2011; hyperlink to the slides presentation, 27 October 2011

• International, Regional and National RF Regulation and Standardization; presentation at "Ruppin Academic Center", 31 December 2013

• Academic_Course_ Engineering_2015.pdf

• Academic_Course_ Services_2015.pdf

• Academic_Course_Regulation_EMC_HumanHazards.pdf

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