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State and Local State and Local GovernmentGovernment
Looking at Georgia’s Looking at Georgia’s Government and Government and
beyond….beyond….
The “Empire State of the South”The “Peach State”
Population (2010): 9,815,210 million Caucasians , 59.7% Black or African American persons, 30.5% Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin, 5.3% Asian persons, percent, 8.8%
http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/13000.html
Capital: Atlanta Economy: retail, service,
manufacturing, timber/lumber (pine, hardwood), fishing (Brunswick & Savannah), and agriculture (peanuts, cotton, soybeans, tobacco)
State Data Motto: Wisdom, justice, and moderation Flower: Cherokee Rose Bird: Brown Thrasher Tree: Live Oak Song: Georgia on My Mind 1 of the Original 13 colonies; 4th of the 13
to sign the U.S. Constitution (Jan 2, 1788) State Fair: Macon (3rd Week in October)
Geography Largest state east of the
Mississippi 58,909 square miles of land area Borders 5 States and an Ocean:
Tennessee (NW), North Carolina (NE), South Carolina (E), Alabama (W), Florida (S), and the Atlantic Ocean (SE)
Major Cities Atlanta Savannah Augusta Albany Macon Brunswick Columbus
Georgia: Federal Level 14 U.S. Congressional Seats 2 U.S. Senate Seats
16 Total Electoral College Votes
Structure of Government Executive Branch Legislative Judicial
Constitutional Basis of State Government Georgia has had 10 constitutions since
1777 There is a Preamble, a Bill of Rights, and
11 Articles – and begins with the Bill of Rights.
GA has had 4 capitals … what are they?
Vocab: Chapter 23 sections 1,2
Legislative Power: The General Assembly
Two Chambers: Upper House (Senate) presiding officer of the
upper house is the lieutenant governor
56 members Lower House (House of
Representatives) In the lower house, the
presiding officer is called the speaker of the house
236 members
Legislative Power: The General Assembly The state legislature has the
power: A. To pass laws that deal with health,
crime, labor, education, transportation, and other matters
B. To tax, spend, and borrow money C. To check the power of the
governor and the bureaucracy
Legislative Power: The General Assembly Elected for two year terms Congressional districts: http://www.legis.ga.gov/Joint/
reapportionment/Documents/congprop2.pdf
Governor can call special sessions
Legislature “cont” Bills can be introduced in either the Senate or
the House (bicameral) Revenue & appropriation bills, however, can only
originate in the House Many organizations influence legislation on the
state level by proposing bills : labor unions, community groups, business organizations
Senate is responsible for confirming governor’s appointments to boards and commissions
Initiative, Referendum, Recall
Initiative, Referendum and Recall are three powers reserved to the voters to enable them to affect legislative procedures and remove individuals from office.
Initiative, Referendum, Recall
Initiative is a power reserved by the people to enact, amend or repeal propose legislation, by petition.
Referendum is a power that allows a meeting to be held for the voters to demand the acceptance or reconsideration or repeal of any legislative act
Recall is a power that allows the voters to demand the removal of an elected official
(you should have these as vocab cards)
House of Representatives 236 Members Elected every two years 21 years old U.S. Citizens Georgia Citizens for 2 years One year resident in their district
Georgia State Senate 56 Senators Elected every two years 25 years old U.S. Citizens Georgia Citizens for 2 years One year resident in their district
Senators Saxby Chambliss
(Republican)
SenatorsJohnny Isakson (Republican)
Georgia Executive: Plural Executive
Governor All are elected to max of 2 4 year terms, but can
sit out for 4 yrs and run again 15 Years U.S. Citizen 6 years Georgia Resident 30 years old
Lt. Governor 15 Years U.S. Citizen 6 years Georgia Resident 30 years old
http://georgia.gov/
Office Holder
Governor Nathan Deal
Lieutenant Governor Casey Cagle
Secretary of State Brian P. Kemp
Attorney General Sam Olens
School Superintendent John Barge
State Agriculture Commissioner
Gary Black
Nathan Deal – Governor
Casey Cagle – LT. Governor
Executive Veto power; propose legislation, call special hearings,
pardons Appoints judges and executive positions:
Secretary of State Attorney General
Must have been an active-status member of the State Bar of Georgia for 7 years
State School Superintendent Commissioner of Agriculture Commissioner of Insurance Commissioner of Labor
Work on vocab 23 sections 1 and 2 9 total
The Georgia Judiciary The state is geographically divided into
judicial circuits, each of which must represent at least one county
Each county (159) shall have at least one: Superior court Magistrate court Probate Court State Court and Juvenile Court (where needed)
Set up of the Georgia court http://www.georgiacourts.org/
index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=180&Itemid=27
Types of courts Superior court
The Superior Court is Georgia’s general jurisdiction trial court. It has exclusive, constitutional authority over felony cases, divorce, equity and cases regarding title to land.
Magistrate court jurisdiction includes: civil claims of $15,000
or less; certain minor criminal offenses; distress warrants and dispossessory writs; county ordinance violations; deposit account fraud (bad checks); preliminary hearings; and summonses, arrest and search warrants.
Probate Court This court handles matters concerning
administering the estate of a person who has died (decedent).
It sees that the provisions of a will are carried out or sees that a decedent's property is distributed according to state law if he/she died intestate
State Court and Juvenile Court The purpose of our Juvenile Courts is to
protect the well-being of children, provide guidance and control conducive to child welfare and the best interests of the state, and secure care for children removed from their homes
Juvenile Courts extends to delinquent children under the age of 17 and deprived or unruly children under the age of 18.
Georgia Supreme Court 1 court, 7 justices
Elected in a non-partisan election Serve unlimited 6 year terms Begin on January 1st
Admitted to practice law for at least 7 years
Other Courts 63 State Courts 159 Probate Courts 159 Magistrate Courts 390 Municipal Courts 2 Civil Courts 4 Recorder Courts 1 City Court of Atlanta
Judicial Qualifications Superior Court (45) Jurisdiction over trials in all felony cases
(except juvenile offenders) Also: title to land cases, divorce, and equity
cases Elected on a non-partisan basis, for unlimited
4 year terms Shall reside in the geographical area where they
serve Have been admitted to practice law for 5 years Same qualifications for Juvenile court judges (159)
Qualifications “cont” Probate (159 Courts) and
Magistrate (159 Courts) Judges are elected in non-partisan elections No law experience required General Assembly sets the
requirements
Vocab – 3rd period please get out 23.1 and 2 to be checked Everyone: Vocab due Friday: Chapter 23
Section 4 and Chapter 24 Section 1
IMPORTANT!! UNIT 9 AND 10 TEST WILL BE NEXT
WEDNESDAY, 12/11/13!!
Unit 9 notes handout
Tax System Georgia has a state income tax
Income tax: Tax placed on an individual or corporate income.
progressive tax: the more income you earn, the more tax you pay
Fixed at 6% once income exceeds $7000 So, someone who makes $1 million a years pays 6%, and
someone making $40,000 pays 6% Georgia also has a sales tax as well as a tax on corporate
profits
Other Taxes Georgia collects revenue from other places:
Sales Tax: a tax, usually paid by the consumer at the point of purchase, itemized separately from the base price, for certain goods and services
Excise taxes: Selective Sales tax also known as a “Sin” taxes: gasoline, alcohol, and tobacco products
Property Tax: is the most important source of revenue for LOCAL
governments and usually includes the assessed value of land and buildings
Taxes Property Tax:
is the most important source of revenue for LOCAL governments and usually includes the assessed value of land and buildings
The process of calculating the value of the property to be taxed is called assessment
Land, farms, houses, and buildings are called real estate
market value: the amount of money the owner may expect to receive when a property is sold is the
Georgia Expenditures States spend and distribute money in
several ways: Social Security
Georgia Expenditures Corrections Construction Human Resources Medicaid Transportation Misc. Other (tourism, environment,
research, etc)
Education State Board of Education
187 School systems (members are either appointed or elected – local option)
159 County school systems 28 independent school systems
(larger cities)
Education Board of Regents 34 public institutions of higher learning
Research Universities(UGA) Regional Universities (Georgia Southern) Four Year Colleges (Armstrong State) 2 Year Colleges (East Georgia College)
Budget is not line-itemed The General Assembly allocated revenue in a
lump sum to the Board of Regents, and they allocate as they deem proper
State and Local State and Local GovernmentGovernment
Counties and townsCounties and towns
Structure
Other important information Densely settled areas adjacent to a
metropolitan city are called suburbs
In a town, borough, city, or urban district
City/County Responsibilities “cont” Police and Fire Protection Garbage & Solid Waste Collection/Disposal Public Health Facilities: Hospitals,
emergency services, animal control) Street & Road Construction/Maintenance Parks & Recreational Programs/Facilities Storm water, sewage, and disposal systems
“cont” Water storage, treatment, and distribution Public Housing Public Transportation Libraries, and arts and science facilities Terminal and dock and parking facilities Codes for building, plumbing, and
electricity Air quality control
County/Municipal Government 159 Counties (2nd to Texas – 254) 2 Types of Municipal Systems
Council manager Mayor/Council
Home Rule applies – minimal amount of interference from state authorities
Effingham County http://www.effinghamcounty.com/
Elected-Officials.53.0.html