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Georgia Georgia State State
GovernmGovernmentent
Georgia’s Legislative BranchGeorgia’s Legislative Branch• Georgia’s Legislative branch is Georgia’s Legislative branch is
called the called the General AssemblyGeneral Assembly. . • It is made up of two houses It is made up of two houses
(bicameral)(bicameral)-The Senate (56)-The Senate (56)-The House of Representatives. -The House of Representatives. (180)(180)
• To be in the State House of To be in the State House of Representatives, you must be 21 Representatives, you must be 21 years old, Live in Georgia for 2 years old, Live in Georgia for 2 years, and live in the district you years, and live in the district you represent.represent.
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• To be in the State Senate To be in the State Senate you must be 25 years old, you must be 25 years old, Live in Georgia for 2 Live in Georgia for 2 years, and live in the years, and live in the district you represent.district you represent.
• Both State Senators and Both State Senators and Representatives serve Representatives serve two year terms.two year terms.
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• The Georgia Generally The Georgia Generally Assembly meets for nearly two Assembly meets for nearly two months every year beginning in months every year beginning in Late January. Late January.
• Their Primary duties are to pass Their Primary duties are to pass laws and passing the final laws and passing the final version of Georgia’s budget. version of Georgia’s budget.
• Most of the Work done in Most of the Work done in Georgia’s General Assembly Georgia’s General Assembly takes place in committees. takes place in committees.
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• The House of Representatives has The House of Representatives has 36 committees. 36 committees.
• The leader of the House of The leader of the House of Representatives is called the Representatives is called the Speaker of the HouseSpeaker of the House. .
• The Majority leader represents the The Majority leader represents the Majority Political Party while the Majority Political Party while the Minority leader represents the Minority leader represents the minority political party.minority political party.
• The “Floor Leader” promotes the The “Floor Leader” promotes the causes of the Governor causes of the Governor
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• Georgia’s Senate also is made up of Georgia’s Senate also is made up of Committees, of which, there are 26. Committees, of which, there are 26.
• The Leader of the Senate is called The Leader of the Senate is called the “the “PresidentPresident of the of the SenateSenate” ” -Georgia’s -Georgia’s Lieutenant GovernorLieutenant Governor is is President of the SenatePresident of the Senate
• There is also a There is also a President Pro President Pro TemporeTempore of the Senate. of the Senate. This is the leader of the Majority This is the leader of the Majority Party.Party.
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The Legislative ProcessThe Legislative Process
• A potential law (before it is passed) is called a A potential law (before it is passed) is called a Bill. Bill. A A Bill Bill goes through several steps before it goes through several steps before it becomes a becomes a law…law…
1.1. DraftingDrafting2.2. Introduction Introduction 3.3. Committee ConsiderationCommittee Consideration4.4. Floor Consideration, Floor Consideration, 5.5. Then to “other house Committee”Then to “other house Committee”6.6. Other House Floor Other House Floor 7.7. Conference Committee Conference Committee 8.8. Governor Consideration Governor Consideration 9.9. If Necessary, vote to Override the vetoIf Necessary, vote to Override the veto
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(If Necessary)(If Necessary)
(If Necessary)(If Necessary)
1.1. What qualifications What qualifications must one be in order must one be in order to run for The State to run for The State Senate?Senate?
2.2. How long does the How long does the Georgia General Georgia General Assembly meet for Assembly meet for every year? every year?
3.3. What are the main What are the main duties of the Georgia duties of the Georgia General Assembly? General Assembly?
4.4. Both the State Both the State House and State House and State Senate are made up Senate are made up of ______________.of ______________.
Georgia’s Executive Branch
Leaders of Georgia’s Executive BranchLeaders of Georgia’s Executive Branch
• Georgia’s Executive Georgia’s Executive Branch is headed up Branch is headed up by the Governor. by the Governor.
• His second in His second in command is called the command is called the LieutenantLieutenantGovernor. Governor. (This is sort of like the (This is sort of like the Vice President) Vice President)
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• To run for either the To run for either the Governorship or the Governorship or the Lieutenant Lieutenant Governorship one Governorship one must be 30 years old, must be 30 years old, a U.S. Citizen for at a U.S. Citizen for at least 15 years, and a least 15 years, and a resident of Georgia resident of Georgia for at least 6 years.for at least 6 years.
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• The Governor can The Governor can be elected to two-be elected to two-four year terms. four year terms.
• The Lt. Governor The Lt. Governor can serve an can serve an unlimited amount unlimited amount of 4-year termsof 4-year terms. .
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Powers of the GovernorPowers of the Governor
• Leader of the executive Leader of the executive BranchBranch
• Commander and Chief or Commander and Chief or Georgia’s military forces. Georgia’s military forces. (Georgia (Georgia
National Guard)National Guard)
• Veto LegislationVeto Legislation• Signs bills into lawSigns bills into law
Powers of the Lieutenant GovernorPowers of the Lieutenant Governor
• Serves as Governor if the Serves as Governor if the current governor dies or is too current governor dies or is too sick to carry out his duties. sick to carry out his duties.
• As president of the senate, he As president of the senate, he decides committee decides committee memberships and chooses memberships and chooses committee chair-persons.committee chair-persons.
Executive DepartmentsExecutive Departments
• The executive branch is also The executive branch is also made up of executive made up of executive departments. departments.
• Department of Agriculture, the Department of Agriculture, the Insurance Commissioner and Insurance Commissioner and Department of Labor all have Department of Labor all have elected officials elected by the elected officials elected by the people.people.
• State Attorney GeneralState Attorney General – This person is – This person is the Chief Lawyer for the state.the Chief Lawyer for the state.
• Commissioner of AgricultureCommissioner of Agriculture – This – This person is Head of the Agriculture person is Head of the Agriculture department. He/she helps maintain department. He/she helps maintain farmer’s markets, attract Farming-farmer’s markets, attract Farming-Related businesses to the state and Related businesses to the state and inspects farms and farming related inspects farms and farming related products. products.
• Commissioner of LaborCommissioner of Labor – This person is – This person is head of the Labor department. They head of the Labor department. They regulate the health and safety of regulate the health and safety of workers and enforce state labor laws.workers and enforce state labor laws.
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• Commissioner of InsuranceCommissioner of Insurance – This person – This person regulates the insurance companies and regulates the insurance companies and says which ones can operate in Georgia.says which ones can operate in Georgia.
• Public Service Commissioners Public Service Commissioners – – These are These are people who regulate utilities in Georgia, people who regulate utilities in Georgia, such as phone, cable, electricity and water.such as phone, cable, electricity and water.
• Secretary of StateSecretary of State – – This person’s This person’s department maintains official records, department maintains official records, supervises elections, appoints examining supervises elections, appoints examining boards, grants corporate charters, and boards, grants corporate charters, and regulates stocks and bonds in Georgia. regulates stocks and bonds in Georgia.
• State School SuperintendantState School Superintendant - - this is the this is the head of the schools for our state. head of the schools for our state.
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• There are over thirty state Agencies There are over thirty state Agencies and Boards…and Boards…
• Most of the members of these state Most of the members of these state agencies are appointed by the agencies are appointed by the Governor or Commissioners of Governor or Commissioners of executive departments.executive departments.
• Examples of Boards and Agencies Examples of Boards and Agencies are the…are the…-State Board of Pardons and Paroles-State Board of Pardons and Paroles-the Board of Natural Resources-the Board of Natural Resources-the State Personnel Board. -the State Personnel Board.
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Because Georgia’s government is Because Georgia’s government is involved in many legal proceedings, it involved in many legal proceedings, it
needs legal advice and guidance. needs legal advice and guidance. Which Official of theWhich Official of the
Executive branch provides this advice?Executive branch provides this advice?
a)a) Secretary of StateSecretary of State
b)b) Lieutenant GovernorLieutenant Governor
c)c) Commissioner of LaborCommissioner of Labor
d)d) Attorney GeneralAttorney General
Which office of the executive branch Which office of the executive branch maintains state records and supervises maintains state records and supervises
elections? elections?
a)a) Department of Community Department of Community AffairsAffairs
b)b) State Board of TransportationState Board of Transportation
c)c) Department of LaborDepartment of Labor
d)d) State Department (Secretary of State Department (Secretary of State) State)
Which Branch of the State Government Which Branch of the State Government sees that the state laws are sees that the state laws are
implemented? implemented?
a)a) CommissionCommission
b)b) ExecutiveExecutive
c)c) LegislativeLegislative
d)d) Judicial Judicial
According to Georgia’s Constitution, According to Georgia’s Constitution, how many consecutive years can how many consecutive years can
Georgia’s Lieutenant governor serve in Georgia’s Lieutenant governor serve in that capacity?that capacity?
a)a) 4 Years 4 Years
b)b) 8 Years8 Years
c)c) 16 years16 years
d)d) Undefined number of yearsUndefined number of years
Georgia’s Judicial Branch
The Judicial Branch in GeorgiaThe Judicial Branch in Georgia SS8CG4a,b,c,dSS8CG4a,b,c,d
• The Georgia Supreme Court is The Georgia Supreme Court is the Highest State Court in the the Highest State Court in the State of Georgia. State of Georgia.
• There are two types of There are two types of Courts…Courts…-Trial Courts-Trial Courts- Appellate courts- Appellate courts
• A A Trial CourtTrial Court is where a is where a criminal’s action or a lawsuit criminal’s action or a lawsuit may be tried. may be tried.
The Judicial Branch in GeorgiaThe Judicial Branch in Georgia SS8CG4a,b,c,dSS8CG4a,b,c,d
• An An Appellate Court Appellate Court is where a is where a previous case is appealed. previous case is appealed.
• JurisdictionJurisdiction = = is a term meaning is a term meaning which cases a court can try. which cases a court can try. This is because of the type of This is because of the type of case, and the geographic case, and the geographic location. location.
• Judges may be appointed, or Judges may be appointed, or Chosen in partisan and non-Chosen in partisan and non-partisan electionspartisan elections
Civil and Criminal CasesCivil and Criminal Cases• A A Civil CaseCivil Case is where one is where one
person sues another for a claim person sues another for a claim of having done them wrong. of having done them wrong. -The person suing is the-The person suing is the PlaintiffPlaintiff-The Person getting sued is the-The Person getting sued is the defendantdefendant
• Most Civil Cases are settled out Most Civil Cases are settled out of court, and those found guilty of court, and those found guilty never have to go to jail. never have to go to jail.
Civil and Criminal CasesCivil and Criminal Cases• The Second kind of case is aThe Second kind of case is a
criminalcriminal casecase..This is where someone accused This is where someone accused of breaking the law is put on of breaking the law is put on trial by the law enforcement trial by the law enforcement agencies. agencies.
• The Government’s lawyer is The Government’s lawyer is called thecalled the prosecutor prosecutor. .
Settling Disputes PeacefullySettling Disputes PeacefullyFiling a lawsuit against someone is not Filing a lawsuit against someone is not
always the best way to handle a dispute always the best way to handle a dispute peacefully. Below are other ways…peacefully. Below are other ways…
• NegotiationNegotiation – The Process of giving up an – The Process of giving up an issue with the intention of resolving it. issue with the intention of resolving it.
• CollaborationCollaboration - occurs when members of - occurs when members of opposing parties meet together to find opposing parties meet together to find common ground.common ground.
• Non-ViolenceNon-Violence – to seek change with – to seek change with peaceful protest peaceful protest
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Settling Disputes PeacefullySettling Disputes Peacefully• MediationMediation – A Neutral third person meets – A Neutral third person meets
with all sides and with all sides and helps themhelps them settle the settle the dispute.dispute.
• ArbitrationArbitration – A Neutral Third Person called – A Neutral Third Person called an arbitrator meets with both sides and an arbitrator meets with both sides and the the arbitratorarbitrator makes a makes a legally bindinglegally binding decision decision
• CompromiseCompromise – Each of the disputing – Each of the disputing parties gives up something to live in parties gives up something to live in peacepeace
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Adult Justice SystemAdult Justice System• Persons accused of a crime must goes Persons accused of a crime must goes
through these steps…through these steps…• ArrestedArrested• Arraignment - The Police bring the Arraignment - The Police bring the
accused before the judge to tell why accused before the judge to tell why he/she has been arrestedhe/she has been arrested
• Grand JuryGrand Jury – This is a group of people – This is a group of people who determines if there is enough who determines if there is enough evidence for the accused to stand trial.evidence for the accused to stand trial.
• Jury trialJury trial• Sentencing Sentencing
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Questions
• How long is a governor’s term in office?
• How long is a Georgia senator’s term in the state government?
• What is the name of Georgia’s legislative branch?
• What does the term “bicameral” mean?
• Who is president of the senate in Georgia’s legislative branch?
Questions
• Who is in charge of making sure that farms are product in Georgia?
• Who is in charge of making sure that work sites are safe and healthy?
• What is the highest level court in Georgia?
• What happens in the appellate courts?
• What type of court case has a plaintiff and a defendant?
Questions
• What type of court case has a defendant and a prosecutor?
• Give one example of a way to solve a problem without going to court.
• What is the job of the Secretary of State (state department)?
• What are the requirements for being a Georgia State Representative?
Questions
• Explain the difference between mediation and arbitration.
Juvenile Justice System
The Juvenile Justice SystemThe Juvenile Justice System• On any given day, 2,500 children On any given day, 2,500 children
are locked up in Georgia because are locked up in Georgia because of Criminal Activity. of Criminal Activity.
• Juveniles are Citizens under the Juveniles are Citizens under the age of 17age of 17
• Juveniles have to follow all other Juveniles have to follow all other Federal, State and Local Laws, but Federal, State and Local Laws, but have a special status under the have a special status under the law. law.
• A Juvenile’s Status can mean more A Juvenile’s Status can mean more lenient sentencing, but it also lenient sentencing, but it also means that you have to obey some means that you have to obey some laws that adults don’t. laws that adults don’t.
Types of OffensesTypes of Offenses • There are two types of offenses…There are two types of offenses…1.1. A A Status OffenseStatus Offense (a.k.a. Unruly (a.k.a. Unruly
Behavior) is one where the Juvenile Behavior) is one where the Juvenile commits a crime that is only a crime commits a crime that is only a crime for a Juvenile. Ex: Truancy, Disobeys for a Juvenile. Ex: Truancy, Disobeys Caregivers, Curfew Violations etc..Caregivers, Curfew Violations etc..
2.2. A A Delinquent ActDelinquent Act is a crime is a crime committed by a child that would also committed by a child that would also be a crime if an adult did the same be a crime if an adult did the same thing… Ex: Rape, Murder, Drugs etc.thing… Ex: Rape, Murder, Drugs etc.
• Children can be tried as an adult for Children can be tried as an adult for serious crimes. serious crimes.
Juvenile CourtsJuvenile Courts• Juvenile Courts exist in every Juvenile Courts exist in every
county and have three purposes…county and have three purposes… 1.1. To help protect the well being of To help protect the well being of
ChildrenChildren2.2. To make sure that any child To make sure that any child
coming under the jurisdiction of coming under the jurisdiction of the court receive the care, the court receive the care, protection and control that they protection and control that they need.need.
3.3. To provide for children that are To provide for children that are removed from their homes. removed from their homes.
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Steps in the Juvenile Justice ProcessSteps in the Juvenile Justice Process1.1. IntakeIntake – A juvenile is turned over to – A juvenile is turned over to
an Intake Officer.an Intake Officer.2.2. DetentionDetention – When a Juvenile is – When a Juvenile is
detained, a probable cause hearing detained, a probable cause hearing must be held within 72 hours. must be held within 72 hours.
3.3. Formal HearingFormal Hearing – has two parts – has two parts1) Adjudicatory Hearing – Actual 1) Adjudicatory Hearing – Actual TrialTrial2) Dispositional Hearing – 2) Dispositional Hearing – Sentencing Phase Sentencing Phase
4.4. Sentencing Sentencing 5.5. AppealsAppeals
Which Branch of State Government Which Branch of State Government has the main responsibility of has the main responsibility of
writing the laws?writing the laws?
a)a) LegislativeLegislative
b)b) ExecutiveExecutive
c)c) JudicialJudicial
d)d) FederalFederal
Which elected state official controls the Which elected state official controls the flow of federal and state education flow of federal and state education
funding? funding?
a)a) State Attorney GeneralState Attorney General
b)b) State School Superintendant State School Superintendant
c)c) Labor Commissioner Labor Commissioner
d)d) Secretary of StateSecretary of State
The division of the three The division of the three powers of government into powers of government into three branches to create a three branches to create a
limited government is called…limited government is called…
a)a)FederalismFederalism
b)b)Separation of PowersSeparation of Powers
c)c)Checks and balancesChecks and balances
d)d)Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty
Which Constitutional Concept Which Constitutional Concept means that government’s true means that government’s true
power comes from the people it power comes from the people it governs?governs?
a)a) Checks and BalancesChecks and Balances
b)b) Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty
c)c) Separation of PowersSeparation of Powers
d)d) FederalismFederalism
A Juvenile accused of assault A Juvenile accused of assault and battery has committed a…and battery has committed a…
a)a)MisdemeanorMisdemeanor
b)b)Status Offense Status Offense
c)c)Delinquent ActDelinquent Act
d)d)Unruly Behavior Unruly Behavior
The division of the three The division of the three powers of government into powers of government into three branches to create a three branches to create a
limited government is called…limited government is called…
a)a)FederalismFederalism
b)b)Separation of PowersSeparation of Powers
c)c)Checks and balancesChecks and balances
d)d)Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty
Both houses of the Georgia General Both houses of the Georgia General Assembly are organized into this… Assembly are organized into this… In order to study bills more closely In order to study bills more closely
and take public comment on them…and take public comment on them…
a)a) CommitteesCommittees
b)b) Federal RepublicsFederal Republics
c)c)Political PartiesPolitical Parties
d)d)Secretaries Secretaries
