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PRESENTED BY


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Introduction

START I

START II (SORT)

NEW START

Process of approvinga treaty.


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Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, (START) was

an arms control treaty between the United

State and Soviet Union. Which begun in 1982.

Ballistic missile defenses (BMD) have been an

issue in U.S.-Soviet arms control talks since

the 1970s.

During the Cold War, both the nations

attempt to balance limits on offensive

weapons and defensive weapons so that

they could maintain strategic stability.

cont.


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Historically a major achievement occurred at the

USSR meeting in November 1974, between President

Ford and General Secretary Brezhnev. At this

meeting, both the sides agreed to a basic frameworkfor the SALT agreement.

Basic elements of the agreement included:

1. limit on strategic nuclear delivery vehicles (ICBMs, SLBMs, and heavybombers) of both the sides;

cont.


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2) ban on construction of new land-based ICBM

launchers;

3) limits on deployment of new types of strategic

offensive arms

4) important elements of the Agreement (e.g.

relating and verification) would be combined in thenew agreement


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President USA Ford and G.Secratery

Brezhnev signing a joint agreement on

the SALT treaty in Russia November 24,

1974
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Fordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnevhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnevhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Fordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ford_signing_accord_with_Brehznev,_November_24,_1974.jpg


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The START negotiations were successors to the (SALT)Strategic Arms Limitation Talks of the 1970s.

To begin again the strategic-arms negotiations with the SovietUnion in 1982, U.S. President Ronald Reagan renamed the

talks START and proposed root reductions, rather than merelylimitations.

The treaty was applied on more then 6000 nuclear

weapons a top of 1600 ICBMs SLBMs and heavybombers.

cont..
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/568184/Strategic-Arms-Limitation-Talks-SALThttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/492882/Ronald-W-Reaganhttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/492882/Ronald-W-Reaganhttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/568184/Strategic-Arms-Limitation-Talks-SALT


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In December 1991 the Soviet Union broke up,into 15 independent republics with strategicnuclear weapons inBelarus, Kazakhstan,Ukraine, and Russia.
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/59119/history-of-Belarushttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/313841/history-of-Kazakhstanhttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/59119/history-of-Belarushttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/313841/history-of-Kazakhstanhttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/612995/history-of-Ukrainehttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/513493/history-of-Russiahttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/513493/history-of-Russiahttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/612995/history-of-Ukrainehttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/313841/history-of-Kazakhstanhttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/59119/history-of-Belarus


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The START Treaty comprises of over 700

pages. Contain the rules to limit and reduce

the offensive forces.

This Treaty includes

different types of

inspections plus

continuous monitoringat the facilities in each

country that producemobile ICBMs or 0ther

missiles.


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The Treaty alsoinclude over 80

separate notifications

They are required to

tell the other about

new missile systems

as well as about

movements,operations, and

elimination of arms.

The agreement to

exchange records as well

as any data necessary to

understand them, wouldnot have been possible

during any other time in

the history of relations

between the United Statesand the Soviet Union.


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There is no compensation in the Treaty for

the independent nuclear forces of France and

Great Britain.

It is important tonote that the START

Treaty is not about

eliminating our

relationship withalliances; it is about

eliminating the risk

of war. Russia

President Bush said, 'by reducing arms, wetake a significant step forward in removing ahalf-century of mistrust. By building trust,

we pave a path to peace. We sign the STARTTreaty as our last will, the new relationship

emerging between our two countries - in thepromise of further progress toward lasting

peace'.


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START I had a duration of 15 years

By the time of the treaty's expiration, their strategic nuclear

ammunition were significantly below those targets in the

treaty.

During the 90s, the US and Russia undertook

several attempts to replace START I with a new

treaty that would have provided for deeper

reductions


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START II therefore translated to

an overall fifty percent reduction

in nuclear weapons, limiting each

country to a total of between

3,000 and 3,500 strategic

weapons.

A second START agreement

signed by President Bush andRussian President BorisYeltsin in 1993 called forfurther reductions in strategicweapons


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The agreement's original

implementation deadline was January2003, ten years after signature, but a1997 protocol moved this deadline to

December 2007

Protocol of 1997 to amend the

International Convention for the

Prevention of Pollution from Ships of 2

November 1973


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Both the US Senate and

the Russian Parliament

approved START II, but

the treaty did not takeeffect because the US

Senate did not

approved the 1997

protocol and severalAnti ballistic Missiles

(ABM) Treaty

amendments

START II was

effectively placed

for consideration

in Russian

parliament in 2002

by the U.S.

withdrawal fromthe ABM treaty.


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January 3, 1993: Presidents Bush and Yeltsin sign START II in Moscow.

January 15, 1993: President George H. W. Bush submits START II to the Senate for

advice and consent.

June 22, 1995: President Yeltsin submits START II to the Russian Parliament forapproval.

January 26, 1996: The Senate approved START II

March 20-21, 1997: Presidents Bill Clinton and Yeltsin agreed to extend the deadline

by five years and to immediately begin negotiations on a START III

April 13, 1998: President Boris Yeltsin submits the START II extension protocol to

the parliament


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December 25, 1998: In response to the U.S.-British air strikes against Iraq, the Russian

parliament postponed the START II ratification/conformation.

April 14, 2000: The Russian Parliament approved the START II ratification legislation

May 4, 2000: Putin signs the resolution for START II and its extension protocol

December 13, 2001: U.S. President George W. Bush issues a six-month notice towithdraw from the ABM Treaty

June 14, 2002: Russian President Vladimir Putin declares that Russia is no longer bound

by its signature of START II

Nearly a decade of efforts to bringSTART II into force ended in April 2002

A month after, the US and Russia concluded negotiations on theStrategic Offensive Reductions Treaty (SORT),


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Signed 24 May 2002

Location Moscow

Effective 1 June 2003Condition Ratification of both parties

Expiration 5 February 2011(Superseded by New START)

SignatoriesGeorge W. Bush

Vladimir Putin

PartiesUnited States

Russia

RatifiersU.S. Senate

State Duma

Languages English, Russian

Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty

(SORT)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_STARThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bushhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Senatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Dumahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Dumahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Dumahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Senatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bushhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_STARThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow


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SORT replacing START II

The START II treaty was officiallybypassed by the SORT treaty,

agreed by Presidents George W.Bush and Vladimir Putinat theirsummit meeting.

Agreement signed at Moscow agreed to reduceoperationally nuclear warheads to 1,700 from

2,200 by 2012.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SORThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SORT


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(SORT), also known as the Treaty of Moscow

It includes V articles.

the Parties shall hold meetings at least twice a year of a Bilateral

Implementation Commission. This Treaty shall remain in force until December 31, 2012

SORT does not, however, set any strategic nuclear destruction or weapons

limits

Committed to implementing significant reductions in

strategic offensive arms


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By early 2009, agreement between the two sides was

possible, with a new administration in Washington

under Pres. Barack Obama

by April 8, 2010, the agreement was signed. limit each side to 1,550 warheads and up to 800

delivery vehicles

The targets set by New START was about 30% below

the levels set by SORT in 2002
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/973560/Barack-Obamahttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/973560/Barack-Obama


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Graphical representation


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SORT vs. START & New START

The START was a book sized while, SORT hardly filled

two pages

START clearly Defined strategic nuclear warheads, while

SORT was Lacking any monitoring provision and

unverifiable.

The (SORT), treaty terminated when New START

entered into force


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Official signature


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PROCESS OF APPROVING A TREATY

Proposal/Plan.

A plan or suggestion put forward for discussion.

Negotiation.

To discuss or talk with others in order to reach an agreement

Efficacy/Effectiveness.

making effective or operative.


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Implementation.

The enforcement of a judgment .

Expiration/Renewal.

The ending of the fixed period is expiration and extending

the period of validity or contract.


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