Stakeholder Participation and

Analysis

What is meaningful participation?

What is a stakeholder?

Why stakeholder participation?

What is participation?

Why stakeholder analysis?

How to do a stakeholder analysis?

Outline of Presentation

Meaningful Participation

Takes place when stakeholders are part of the decision making process

Requires that stakeholders at al levels of the social structure have an opportunity to participate in the decision-making process

A participatory approach is the only means for achieving long lasting consensus and common agreement

Is about taking responsibility, engaging and informing

Only the stakeholders’ interests in and acceptance of the water resources management make it possible to implement in reality.

Why do we need stakeholder involvement?

Stakeholder participation

Where and how should stakeholders be involved?

Stakeholder participation

WRM Stakeholder roles

Basin planning

Problem identification, priority setting, situation analysis, approval.

Water Allocation

Advisory, monitoring and reporting, decision making.

Pollution control

Monitoring, reporting, permitting

What is a stakeholder?

Stakeholdersare those who have an interest in and/or

affected by a particular decision, either as individuals or representatives of a group. This includes people who influence a decision, or can influence it, as well as those affected by it.

RightsStakeholders should be able to participate

meaningfully in decision making

ResponsibilitiesStakeholders should play their part in

delivering sustainable development

What is a stakeholder?

Those who are affected by the project… . And those we depend on for its success…

User group – people who use the resources or services in an area

Interest groups – people who have an interest in, or who can affect the use of a resource or service

Beneficiaries of the project/service

Decision-makers

Those often excluded for the decision-making process

Stakeholder grouping – could include…

Ex. Expansion of secondary road connecting to NSEC project

Use – who uses or benefits from the use of the resources…?

Economics – who may win or lose as a result…?

Mandate – who makes decisions, who has rights…

Proximity – who lives near the resources…

Values – who may have strong beliefs about specific use…?

Stakeholders – who?

Stakeholders are not only those who shout the loudest. Those who are often excluded from the decision-making process due to age, gender or ethnicity are those who are most likely to lose out if they are not included in the project planning.

We need to think about how to ensure that these stakeholders are also involved…

But… very seldom… people are powerless… and they have responsibility to engage themselves

TIP – Stakeholders – who…?

Interests

Economic Cultural Recreational Religious Geographical Others

What is a stakeholder?

Why stakeholder participation?

Why stakeholder participation?

Benefits to planners

• Good basis for accountability• More information and understanding of context

Benefits to decision-makers

• Informed and improved decisions• Legitimacy of governance improved

Benefits to developers

• Save costs as issues are identified upfront• Community relations improved • Developers’ image and reputation enhanced

Benefits to civil society

• Capacity building and new knowledge through participation• More sustainable development

Dept. of InfrastructureIrrigation user group

Mining Company

Ministry of health

GovernmentLocal

Local community

Financing institution

Ministry of Finance

Irrigation department

Water supplycompany

NGObiodiversity

Hydropower company

Int. donors

Can we achieve...

sustainability?

Economic

Ecological

Social

Common goal - sustainability

Stakeholder Analysis

The objectives of stakeholder analysis:

Improve the project’s understanding of the needs of those affected by a problem

Reduce, or hopefully remove, potential negative project impacts

Identify who should be encouraged to take part in the project planning and implementation

Identify and reduce risks – this involves identifying possible conflicts of interest and expectation among stakeholders so that conflict is avoided

Why stakeholders analysis?

Steps for stakeholder identification, stakeholder mapping and assessment of the process Who are the stakeholders in SUMALOM ? Mapping stakeholder interests,

influence and characteristics Identify patterns and contexts of

stakeholder interaction Assess stakeholder power, potential,

and influence Assess options and use findings to make

progress

1. Stakeholder Identification

Identify and describe all individuals, groups, organizations and institutions

Identify stakeholders through key staff of key agencies or records or stakeholder self-selection or a combination of these methods

Categorize stakeholders into primary and secondary, internal and external

2. Mapping stakeholder interests, influence and Characteristics

Understand interests, expectations, benefits and losses of stakeholders

Differentiate between institutional/ organizational and individual stakeholders

…the stakeholder analysis seeks to answer:

Who are the key stakeholders? What are their interests and influence?

Develop strategic measures… How should we best engage various

stakeholders? Who needs their capacity built to be

able to participate meaningfully?

How to do stakeholder analysis?

Anticipate the kind of interest/influence (positive or

negative) the key stakeholders may have on the project.

“Interest” could be described in terms of potential costs and benefits

“Influence” in terms of power/control

How to do stakeholder analysis? Continued…

StakeholdersSUMALOM – NAM TON

Interest in process/ project

+/-(how affected)

Influence on process/ Project

+/-(how much

power)

How to engage?

Stakeholder needs for awareness and/or capacity building

Village women

+ Easy access to clean water+ Direct user- Less social interaction

+ Direct user- Little voice in community

Stakeholder identification , analysis and strategic considerations

High

High

LowInfluence

List of stakeholders

1. X2. X3. X4. X5. X6. X7. X8. X9. X10.X

Interest

1

10

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Stakeholder Mapping

High

LowInfluence

High

Interest

Stakeholders Map

List

High

LowInfluence Hig

h

Interest

Key players

Very interested in the project, and high impact on decision-making

* Should be closely involved throughout to ensure their support

Stakeholders Map – Types and Levels of Stakeholder Involvement

High

LowInfluence Hig

h

Interest

Key subjects

Very interested in the project, but little influence

Less impact on decision-making

*Require special efforts to ensure that needs are met and participation meaningful

Stakeholders Map – Types and Levels (cont.)

High

LowInfluence Hig

h

Interest

Key setters

Not so interested in the project, but has high influence.

Impact on decision making Could be a risk?

* Need to be kept informed and views acknowledged

Stakeholders Map – Types and Levels (cont.)

High

LowInfluence

High

Interest

Crowd

Less important

*Unlikely to be closely involved in the project and no special strategies are required

Stakeholders Map – Types and Levels (cont.)

3. Identify patterns and contexts of stakeholder interaction

Understand the relationships between stakeholders

Explore points of cooperation and conflict among them

Explore points of convergence and/or divergence with IWRM principles and framework

5. Assess options and use findings to make progress

Review progress based on the four previous steps and plan engagement pathways for stakeholders accordingly

Stakeholder tables can be used to organize information on each stakeholders’ interests, power, influence and involvement with the project.