0

Report for New Office Building Project

Stage 2 Civil & Structural Engineering

This is a report towards a new office plan along the brown field site off the longside lane of Bradford. This building must accommodate a total of 320 administrators, 6% of which are of senior status about 20 offices allocated. The university requires that the landscaping and car parking space are not reduced. Also, a basement of minimum 2000m3 and a separate entrance for goods and people is needed.

09033563 MR MOHAMMED DITTA

11011082 MR MATTHEW THOMPSON

11027283 MR HASSAN CHOWDHURY

12006149 MR DERRIC MUGOYA

12010738 MR KANE MOORE

12027370 MR AHMED SALEH

1

Contents

Executive summary ............................................................................................................................. 3

Client Brief ........................................................................................................................................... 4

Design Requirements .......................................................................................................................... 5

Design Details ................................................................................................................................... 11

Site Investigation ............................................................................................................................... 14

CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE ............................................................................................................ 17

OFF-SITE ........................................................................................................................................ 17

ON-SITE Construction .................................................................................................................... 17

Site Inspection ............................................................................................................................... 17

Site Establishment ......................................................................................................................... 17

Setting Out .................................................................................................................................... 18

Excavations ................................................................................................................................... 18

Building Foundation ...................................................................................................................... 18

Building Main Frame ..................................................................................................................... 18

Slabs .............................................................................................................................................. 19

Walls (internal) .............................................................................................................................. 19

External walls ................................................................................................................................ 19

Atrium ........................................................................................................................................... 20

Roofing .......................................................................................................................................... 20

Finishing ........................................................................................................................................ 20

Appendix 1- calculations ................................................................................................................... 24

Foundations and basement ........................................................................................................... 28

Appendix 2 Sustainability .................................................................................................................. 40

Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 40

WAT 1 Water consumption ........................................................................................................... 40

WAT 2 Water Meter ...................................................................................................................... 41

WST 2 Recycled Aggregate ........................................................................................................... 41

WST 3 Recyclable Waste Storage .................................................................................................. 42

MAT 7 Designs for Robustness ...................................................................................................... 42

MAT 6 Insulation ........................................................................................................................... 42

ENE 1 Reduction of CO2 Emissions ................................................................................................ 42

Appendix 3 health and safety ............................................................................................................. 3

2

Management of the work ................................................................................................................... 7

Management structure and responsibilities ................................................................................... 8

Responsibilities: ............................................................................................................................... 8

Health and safety goals for the project including arrangements for monitoring and reviewing

health and safety performance. ..................................................................................................... 9

First Aid ......................................................................................................................................... 13

FIRE PLAN ...................................................................................................................................... 15

Arrangements for controlling significant site risks ....................................................................... 16

Traffic routes and segregation of vehicles and pedestrians ......................................................... 18

Delivery and removal of materials and work equipment .............................................................. 19

Protection of the public ................................................................................................................. 20

Storage of materials and equipment ............................................................................................ 22

Maintenance of plant and equipment .......................................................................................... 23

Excavations ................................................................................................................................... 23

Arrangements for controlling significant site risks ....................................................................... 24

Health and safety file .................................................................................................................... 25

References ..................................................................................................................................... 25

3

Executive summary The university has plans to construct a structure to accommodate 320 administrators

whereby 20 are of senior status roughly 20% of the above figure. The proposed structure is an office

space of gross area size of 5540m² including a basement of 2000m³ of usable space for storage of

important documents. The car parking of approximately 3686m2 which is necessary for the use of

the 320 administrators, and is easily accessible and conveniently located on the far east side of the

plan. The construction is planned along longside lane of university of Bradford that is about 8000m².

This is large enough for the proposed design as it takes up 1494.1m² of the above space. This gives

enough space for the car park and allows for some landscaping as well.

According to the ground investigation report provided in the client brief the land is sloped

perpendicular to longside lane with the highest to the lowest points being 10m and 6.6m giving a

gradient of about 3.4m and 3.0m in the x-y directions respectively. Currently there are already

buildings and car parks on the site so demolition and further excavation is advised. This will raise the

cost of the constructions as implementing the above is costly however a minor constraint to think

about. Four designs have been assessed and all met the basic requirements of the client. However

the proposed design was a group choice as it was the most efficient in terms of the gross area and

proved to be more sustainable and economical in comparison to the rest. The client would

appreciate our efforts to minimise the costs with the implications on the proposed design.

The proposed design is a 5 floored structure that will include a basement. It is an L shaped structure,

situated in the top left corner of the site, with the open side orientation facing south-east to capture

the majority of the suns light during the day. The structure consists mainly of steel and reinforced

concrete slabs with a glass exterior. The ground floor walls are breeze blocks with windows, the

second to fifth floor walls are exclusively glass. The inner-most walls a layer thick of breeze blocks

150mm in dimension, with the entrance being automatic doors in cases of wheel chair

administrators located at the centre making it a creative and very striking open entrance. The car

park comprises 320 parking spaces of 2.5x4.8m dimensions located to the right of the structure.

This design was chosen in preference to the other 3 mainly due to it being comfortably satisfying to

the universities brief, it is a very attractive design, utilising local materials without being excessively

expensive.

As with any construction project, there are risks, both to the design and to the people involved, but

the land allocated to, and surrounding this building are already extensively built upon, so there are

no surprises expected during construction. The steel columns and beams, and concrete slabs that

have been designed are more than adequate for the building making it safe structurally, and all

materials can be found locally.

The teams overall recommendation is that this would be an exciting and attractive project, with

minimal risks. It’s sustainable and economical for the designs and clients.

4

Client Brief The accumulating assets off the university halls over the period 1970-1990 due to funding mainly by

the central government as UK students studied at home. These accommodation halls have not been

so successful in business and therefore have made a loss for the university. It was then decided that

these halls will have to be replaced by an office space of administration. The office building will

consist of core areas such as Staircases, lifts, and other vertical services. The primary circulation

areas include corridors and the usable area; such as 300 office rooms, a conference/meeting and

waiting room of the top floor. A separate entrance for people and goods should be accounted for to

reduce clatter around build exits and fire escapes. The principles of sustainability have been

embedded throughout the project where possible. As shown below the workable area of roughly

under 8000m² that includes the car parking space and exits to the longside lane road. The relevant

construction details and the basic architecture/structure have been included in this report. One of

the main issues the client will think about towards the construction of the building will be how long

it will take to build and how much it will cost. Please see the appendix for the health and safety also

find costing and a time frame for the proposed construction. The client can view the space needed

for each office in our design drawings. There will be separate car parks for the young staff, the

seniors and disabled car park as well to ensure easy access to and from the entrance of the building.

The building will have a few staircases for the people who would prefer to walk rather than taking

one of the three lifts that will be available. This report describes the process our team has endured

and explains the basic design and construction of the proposed office structure. This structure is

designed to last 50years as decided by the group.

Figure 1

5

Design Requirements Our Office design accommodates 320 administrators 6% of which are senior status. In our design we

have included car parking spaces and given space to incorporate landscaping to make it more

aesthetically pleasing. A basement of 2000 m3 is required for storage of spare facilities such as bill

boards and will be mainly used to store documents etc. In terms of net usable area 15 m2 per

person as an integrated design was allocated towards the administrator offices and 20 m2 for the

senior status offices. This means that a total of 400 m2 is required for the senior status offices and a

further 4500 m2 for the remaining offices.

Developing Designs

Some advantages to this design is that it’s simple and quick to design, such a design will be

relatively ease to construct as symmetry and geometry of the building is basic rectangle shape. This

design allows for free walk ways and gives rise to potential expansion when required onto the

landscaping area below the building. However the shape is unoriginal and is similar to other builds

within the university. Aesthetically unpleasing from an architectural perspective. Landscape is not

equally distributed around the building making the area less attractive. The sun light will not totally

permeate into the centre of the building. One car parking area gives rise poor design and

implementing of space, this means that we won’t be as efficient as we could be.

Figure 2

6

This design makes use of a Symmetrical shape making it easier for space allocation and provides

identical structural elements in fabrication and construction. Health and safety can be mentioned as

more fire escapes can be provided. The use of an atrium will maximise the amount light that gets into

the building and the flow heat around the building can be controlled better. This could minimise the

amount of electricity needed to light the building. Public entrance is closer to the car parking area and

the landscaping and car park will remain in the same place, this could save money. As the sun raises in

from the south east this orientation with the atrium facing the rising sun can now allow reasonable

sunlight to pass through the glass front. Hence, increasing attractiveness of the building, staff well-

being and reducing lighting costs. A main entrance can now also be provided at the south east side of

the building and another back entrance for goods/delivery as well.

The atrium in this design was made into a square shape rather than a semi-circle to make the

calculation of the structural steel element of the building easier. However a semi-circular atrium

would have taken up more space increasing the core area size significantly. Thin wings allow for fewer

columns to be used and allowing beam span to be smaller. No curvature in the major elements of the

building so making it easier to construct. Many entrances/exits and fire escapes can be incorporated

into this design making it accessible and easy to migrate within the building. Combination of glass

walls and the orientation of building provides all around sunlight throughout the day.

Figure 3

Figure 4

7

Proposed Design

As a group we decided that design 2 was the best design and have proposed this particular design

for further analysis. As geometry and orientation are crucial design 2 not only will be facing the

south-east side to capture the majority of the light but its geometry gives rise to self-control. What

we mean is that the heat transfer through the building will be most efficient with this design with

respects to the other designs! The landscaping as proposed may be placed in front of the building

adjacent to the car park on the far right of the sketch. The symmetrical design makes both design

and construction quick and easy. Having four floors similarly designed structural makes the

implication easier as repetitive beams and columns can be fabricated to size and put into place with

no time at all. The Proposed design with a Flat roof top allows for additional greenery and acts as a

balcony for smokers. This also reduces the load on the structural elements and drainages can be

added to collectively gather the rain water and may be recycled as a means of sustainability. The

Proposed design will be made of mainly steel beams and columns, concrete slabs made in-situ and

breeze blocks to make up the walls around the atrium and core areas consisting of stairs and

elevators. As the chosen materials are the strongest and durable, the building should have no

problem lasting a long lifespan. The corridors designs are of 1.5metres in width letting both

wheelchairs and people to easily get past. The use of glass and steel will be fully recyclable making

the building sustainable. The glass will provide enough light into the building further reducing costs

of electric light being used during the day. On each end of the wings a fire escapes will be provided.

Toilets will be on each floor right by the stairs so is accessible by everyone. There will be a small

canteen on the second floor as the integrated size of 15 m2 doesn’t require a kitchen per floor. The

top floor of the building will be used exclusively for senior status staff located conveniently next to

balcony roof and each room has more all-round light. A conference room and meeting rooms will

In this particular design the ratio between core area and workable area is low. This means the huge

workable area is not suitable for the facilities that would be provided. The toilets and bathrooms in

this design would be cramped and access for 64 people per floor would bring congestions. The design

is too deep meaning the sun light will not totally permeate into the centre of the building. We would

have had to move the car parking space. We wanted to keep them where there were as this would

increase the costs of the building.

Figure 5

8

also be located on the top floor. A separate entrance is located on the back of the atrium near the

edge on the longside lane road allowing easy access for any drop-off vehicles.

Fire Exit

Escapes

Lifts/Stair

Cases and

toilets

North South

Car Park

integrated

Landscaping

Ground floor & site plan

Office Spaces to

accommodate 32 People

on each Wing

Atrium and

Reception/Main

Entrance

Longside lane is located on

the north side of the

building.

Figure 6

9

1st-4th Floor

5th Floor

Canteen/Kitchen area provide for working stuff (Only located on the 1st and 2nd Floor)

Small waiting

areas/lounges with a

couple of notice

boards

Roof Greenery and

Balcony (smoking zones)

Meeting/ Conference Rooms

Senior Status

Canteen/Kitchen

The dimensions of the administrator offices are

15m² per person and as shown below the senior

status office rooms are 20m² slightly large more

spacious rooms on the top floor with access to the

roof greenery/smoking zone balcony

Figure 7

Figure 8

10

-

A B C

C

C

B

B

B

B

A

A

B C

Denoted by the letter C the Circulation areas of the proposed design is 1170m²

that links to a core areas shown as letter A 2050m² this include both fire escape

stair cases on either side of the wings. The total usable area of all 5floors also

known as the net Usable area is 2320m². All in all the Gross Area of the whole

structure comes to 5540m².

These are the basic three

dimensional interpretations of the

proposed designs. This is to give the

client an aspect of the size and shape

of the building. Also note that some

structure elements such as the

beams and columns are also

incorporated into the drawing. A

floor cover of reinforced concrete

slabs can also been seen coloured in

green.

Figure 9

Figure 10

11

Design Details As shown above between each of the wings there is an atrium on the ground floor with a reception

space to allow for a desk to be fitted. Above this will be a hollow section through the reinforced

concrete slabs to act as a balcony all the way through to the top floor. The area of the atrium is

326.454m². Each floor consists of 64 office spaces 32 for each wing all to the client’s requirement of

an integrated office space of 15m² and senior status office space of 20m².Also a canteen/kitchen is

located on the second floor as shown in the design above. The top floor consists of uniquely senior

status offices and access to the roof greenery and balcony for smoking breaks. Also note that the

meeting rooms and conference rooms are also on the top floor one on each wing. The top floor has

its own mini kitchen too.

However each floor will have access to the elevators/stair cases and will have two sets of water

closets (WC) with both men and female separate entrances. In the end of each wing there is stairs

and fire exit door the space for the stairs is 31.8m². A strip of corridors are connecting floors in the

atrium with lifts and stairs with 1.5 meter width. Also we have 1.5 meter wide corridor in each floor.

In the eastside of the atrium we have a special double door created for delivery’s and has access to

the lifts for the same purpose. Two of the lifts will call only from the ground floor to the top floor

and a single lift, eastside, will also call to the basement. The lifts are not only to give an alternative to

stairs but also to provide access to all floors for the elderly and the disabled. Since the building has

more than three floors, we are obliged by the law to install lifts.

The lifts will be placed in the atrium. This is because the atrium is the central point of the building.

By placing the lifts centrally within the building, we minimise the horizontal distance between the

lifts and all the parts of the building.

The atrium is the most suitable location to place the lifts for another major reason. It is the area with

the greatest width. This will allow pedestrian traffic to circulate and pass through the lift area

without causing congestion.

The basement of the building has 2335.88m3 in volume and well connected with the floors above by

stairs and lifts.

Being a building belonging to a university, its lifts

should be suitable for use by people with disabilities.

The lift cars should have a minimum depth of 1400mm

and minimum width of 1100mm.

The machine room’s purpose is to house the lift’s

machinery and it will grant technician’s access to the

machinery for maintenance. We have designed some

shape in the basement for this room besides the

elevator access within the basement.

Clear Opening

Figure 11

12

Forty car parking spaces predominately for the

senior status as its close to the main entrance of

the office structure. The dimensions for each

parking space are 4.8mx2.5m as specified by the

UK parking standards as shown below. (An extract

from the British parking association issue based on

the Traffic Management Act 2004) placed at 90° to

the horizontal.

Figure 12

Figure 13

13

This is the detailed design of the fire escape exits at either side

of the wings. It’s totally made out of steel sections with a clear

height of 4020mm to each floor and a width of 5000mm. The

width of the staircase is 830mm.

Table 1

Table 2

Detailed WC design for office use only they are suitable

and sufficient sanitary conveniences shall be provided at

readily accessible places. Each of the rooms are adequately

ventilated and well lit; they will be kept in a clean and

orderly condition by the university working stuff and

Each room is separate containing conveniences for men

and women. Two urinals for the men as well as two WC

Pans as shown by the table above.

Figure 14

Figure 15

Toilets used by women only

14

Site Investigation

Based on the ground investigation report from the estate and facilities department, as

shown above this site was the former student accommodation. It housed 240 tenants with 4 floors.

From this information, we concluded it would be possible to build an office structure to house 320

administrators. This is one of the reasons we based our ‘L’ shape building on the previous student

accommodation that was on this site previously. After visiting the site and looking at it from Google

maps, there is only one road (Longside lane) to access the site which was extremely narrow road

(entrance and exits). This may cause a problem when the heavy machinery is brought to the site and

the delivery of the materials. Also the site is on poor soil and considerations of recycling the brick

from debris and then reused as an aggregate for the reinforced concrete slabs. However it may still

be a problem when it comes to excavating the ground. In addition, another constraint to the site is

that it is based around an active university environment. As a result, the health and safety of the

people around the site will be crucial.

This investigation is an accurate calculation when dealing with the size of our building. However

another high cost site investigation may be needed for more accurate ground condition in order to

maximise safety and avoid structural failure. This site is a very good site as there is no need to

consolidate the soil. Straight after the soil level, there is a solid rock level whereby the foundation

can be placed. Top 1.5m is made mainly of ground formed by back filling the basements of Victorian

terraced housing. About 1-4m below ground level moderately fractured/ weak sandstone with

allowable bearing capacity 580 kN/m2.

This is not to scale

Figure 16

15

100m

A B

C

D

60m

40m

20m

60m

80m

Table 3

Position Ground Level (m) Rock Head Level (m)

A 10.0 6.0

B 8.0 5.0

C 6.5 5.0

D 7.0 6.0

Using the information about the levels of sandstone and Victorian debris, the below diagram shows

a visual representation of how the ground would look like in practical terms. Above is a map area

showing the allowable space for the proposed office structure.

Figure 17

Figure 18

16

The diagram shows that there are four trial bore holes at points A, B, C and D, which are excavated

by a drilling machine. The ground between the ground level and the rock level is easier to excavate,

thus lower costs. Drilling beyond the rock level may require additional drilling machines, creating

higher costs. As the land is sloped and the recommended basement depth is 3m, excavation near

points B, C and D will be of higher costs. Additionally, the foundations must be below the rock level

to provide stability for the structure. From ground to rock level, we recommend an excavation of

5m. The ground will be under constant stress and strain forces causing deformation of the soil. Thus

it is integral that the foundation calculations are accurate, as foundation failure would be the most

costly mistake. During the construction timescale of the structure some additional time must be

given when building the foundations due to unforeseen ground conditions.

17

CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE The construction method of the building is outlined in two sections as follows;

1. Off-site

2. On-site construction

OFF-SITE

The off-site mainly deals with the acquisition and manufacture of the all the materials and

resources needed to start the on-site process. These include everything from the

prefabrication of steel beams to aquiring the basic tools and utilities that are needed on

site.

ON-SITE Construction

The site given for the building and car park has a total area of 8000m2 but the main building

itself will stand towards the North-West corner of the site with a total gross area of 5540m2.

The car park will be adjacent to the building and itself will occupy a total land area of

3686m2.

Site Inspection

Inspection of the site is very important to the nature of the build to be done. Rough

estimates of the scale of the site and of the structures to be built are taken.

After this, the topography of the site is surveyed, and a ground inspection undertaken to

establish the type and depth of the underlying soil, water pH and the level of the ground

water table

The soil on this site was found to be sandy with gravelly clay. The bed rock is relatively

shallow, moderately weak sandstone which can bear 580 kN/m2 . This is essential to note in

the design of the foundation. Other general possible hazards are also taken note of before

setting out can begin. For general understanding, the site is marked at its corners as A, B, C

and D. The ground level height is found to be higher at end A and decreases to D.

Site Establishment

At this stage site offices and other amenities are installed. This includes a site manager’s

office, toilet facilities, water, site power, fencing and security. The site is marked for where

the building materials will be put, a layout is made showing the entry and exit of the site,

fire assembly points, machinery/crane placements, storage and the cabins. The land area for

the eventual car park will also be utilised if need be at this point to ease up the space and

reduce obstructions on site.

18

This is also the first stage where the site will be assigned to a project manager who by

now has full knowledge of the site.

Setting Out

The actually work on the site starts at this point. Based on the initial site inspection, the top

soil and vegetation cover is removed from the site. More accurate and detailed surveying

and ground investigation is done after that to determine the height variations. Markings are

made along with pegging and profile boards. This sets the site up for excavations and

levelling.

Excavations

The trenches are dug during this stage for the foundation of the building. Also levelling takes

place where the general ground level was found to be lower and this is done with the

already removed topsoil as it is cost efficient and reduces waste. Heavy machinery is used

for the first time on the site and it is operated efficiently as established already. The

excavation of the basement and drainage systems is also done as part of this exercise.

Where any inadequacies or unexpected difficulties or discoveries are made on site it is

important that the client be made aware at this point. This is also done so as not to incur

any cost on the construction company.

Building Foundation

The type of foundation chosen for this building is a mixture of strip and pad foundations. It

is the most important part of this structure as it bears the entire load. The foundation will

be built to British standards ensuring that the load is transfixed to the ground safely, with a

minimum of settlement and no lateral movement. The structural load of the building was

calculated to be a maximum of 1600KN at the base of each column. As established, the

ground sandstone can bear 580 KN/m2. The foundation also takes the basement into

consideration as some of the pads will be located inside, and the basement walls fall outside

the ground-level footprint of the building.

Building Main Frame

Erection of the main frame of the building begins after the foundation has been built.

Determining type of steel frames: The steel frames to be used are determined by a

number of factors. Some of which include the type of building, number of storeys,

middle section design and purpose of the building. The design is for a 5-storey

building with a ground floor and basement. By design, the steel framework will be

pin-jointed. This means that the steel beams will be subjected to bending and

deflection and will also be designed to counter such. The standard horizontal beam

length and column length are 8m and 4m respectively. While the design of the

building is made to 10m and 5m respectively. This means that certain fabrications

will have to be done and this will invariably incur cost. The frame will be bolted to

allow for easier demolition at the end of the building’s life, and welded where bolts

are not suitable.

19

Installation of frames: The fabrications are to be done off-site and are to be

transported on-site. After that then the installations can begin. The joining methods

used in installing the beams and columns are critical to the stability of the structure.

Ensuring that the installation is done sequentially and ensuring that the bolt

connections are tight and welds are perfect go a long way in strengthening the build.

Cranes will be used for a very large part of this installation process.

Slabs

The slabs will be built to a thickness of 250mm spanning 10m in length and 5m in width.

Based on the design it should be able to carry two offices also should consider all the

weights (dead, live and self). A total of twelve slabs are need for every office wing on every

floor. The slabs will be built using in-situ reinforced concrete and not pre-cast. This was

concluded so as to save time and money. Also because the materials needed for the in-situ

casting will be on site readily available and any casts/moulds can be reused throughout the

construction. It will also be ensured that the slabs are built as near perfect flat as possible so

that it will bear all the loads.

Note: the frame and slabs will be installed floor by floor, allowing the slabs to laterally

restrain the supporting beams, and to make it easier for the cranes to work. This also

prevents the steel erecting crews from having to work on narrow beams, instead having a

sturdy floor to work on as they install the framework and slabs for the floor above.

Note on lifting with cranes: “In a standard crane hire agreement, the Hirer will plan the lift, select

a suitable crane, specify the slinging and signaling arrangements, supervise the lift and be

responsible for the lifting operation. The Hirer should also have adequate insurance to cover any loss

or damage to the crane or equipment whilst the crane is under the control of the hirer.”

http://www.emsleycranehireuk.co.uk/site/

Walls (internal)

It is important that time be given to allow the concrete slabs to set, after which the walls

will be erected. These are to be constructed using glass fibre reinforced concrete panels and

erected at the end of each slab on the office wings and not between the offices. The core

areas of the building will also be walled to be able to support the services in those areas

(elevators, toilets, corridors). Where office spaces are required to be adjustable, thinner

walls will be installed to allow reconfiguration of the floor plan in the future, should it be

required.

External walls

We propose Glass-fibre reinforced concrete as it is made in pre-cast panels and is easier and

quicker to install than using breeze blocks or similar construction methods. This will be

finished with an insulating render and painted bright white. Large glass panes along the

entire length of each floor will maximise natural light. The horizontal bands of glass and

20

white render on the concrete will lower the profile of the building, giving a sleeker look and

keep it aesthetic with other buildings on the campus.

Atrium

The atrium will be clad in lightweight ETFE, a plastic membrane that weighs a fraction of

glass. This allows for an open-plan atrium with less supporting columns that will maximise

the amount of natural light and give the feel of a large open space. The EFTE will extend

from the first floor front of the building (with automatic glass doors on the ground floor to

allow access), up the front, supported by a beam at each floor level, to the roof. Here the

EFTE will be placed in a shallow dome-shaped structure to allow water run-off. The ETFE will

then extend down the back of the atrium, also to maximise the amount of natural light and

to fully ‘separate’ the two glass and concrete wings. This makes the whole atrium section,

which houses a reception area on the ground floor, all three elevators and the main stair

case and each concrete floor landing, feel much more open and spacious. The landing on

each floor will be concrete cast in-situ due to its unusual shape: a large section is “scooped-

out” to allow light onto lower floors, while providing an elevated point to look out either

front or back and take in views of campus and the surrounding area. The landings will be

supported at the front by two large columns arranged in an a-frame. This keeps the ground

floor atrium free of columns (the a-frame will straddle the entrance) and provide a support

for the top of the ETFE roof. At the back, beams connected to the wing framework and

elevator supports will provide safe support for each landing.

Roofing

The choice of the main roof of the building is a flat roof. It was chosen as that because of a

principal design factor which is the water recovery system. The flat roof will also be made

with slanting edges which channel water collected into a tank at the rear of the building.

Another consideration was the advantage a flat roof offers as it is easier to place vents,

ducts and other services such as mobile phone masts or satellite aerials.

Finishing

After the walls and the roofing have been done, the finishing process of the building begins

almost immediately after that.

1st stage (cladding, Tiling, And Painting): Part of the finishing of the building

includes these three key elements. Work on all three will begin simultaneously and

expected to finish about the same time. Cladding will be done externally to the b

building to mainly conceal parts of the naked structure. Painting finish is done both

internally and externally according to the requirements of the client. While tiling

will be done in the toilets and kitchenettes on the various floors.

2nd Stage (Service Instalments): The installation of the services in the buildings

comes after the 1st stage. The elevators, plumbing, electrical, gas and other services

21

are all fitted. Often this will include some damage to the works done in the 1st stage

but the inadequacies will be covered well.

3rd Stage (Testing and Cleaning): The installations done in the 2nd stage need to be

tested to give the builders a general idea of the sustainability and functionality of the

building for as many years as designed. It is crucial that this is done before handing

over the building to the client and checked with high detailing.

After the testing, general cleaning of the building and its exteriors can begin.

Handing Over the Building

This is the final part of the process, the handing over of the building and commissioning it

into service. It is a prerequisite of handing over that the building is checked for any defects

especially during construction that might not have been noticed. The building should have

passed the testing stage without any concern. Any points of concern will be rectified before

the building is handed over to the client.

TIMESCALE

Architectural and structural designs will be about 6weeks and can coincide with some with

some on site construction work.

Site inspection for an area of approximately 10,000m2 will take about 2weeks to complete.

This includes soil investigation and ground profiling.

After inspections the site establishment will take just over a week while off site fabrications

of steel sections will take 6weeks.

Surveying also linked in with ground investigation before, during and after construction will

take about a week and excavations will add 3weeks to the count.

PROCESS Duration (weeks)

Design 6

Site inspection 2

Site establishment/Fabrication 6

Excavations 3

Foundation/Basement 4

Building 34

Installations 7

Misc. 1

Table 4

22

Foundations being the beginning of the structure based on our design will take about

4weeks as concrete will need 28days to reach maximum strength. The basement of over

2000m2 will take just over 4weeks.

Building main frame such as installations, steel framings for beams and columns, floor slabs

of reinforced concrete, roofing and finishing will take over 34weeks for all the required

floors.

Electrics and water plumbing through to handing over will take over 7weeks, based on

commissioning it into service and all the regulations that go with it.

Total time taken will fall on an estimate of 57weeks taking into consideration that

some processes take place simultaneously.

23

06-Jan 25-Feb 16-Apr 05-Jun 25-Jul 13-Sep 02-Nov 22-Dec 10-Feb 01-Apr

Design

Site inspection

Site establishment/Fabrication

Excavations

Foundation/Basement

Building

Installations

Misc.

DesignSite

inspection

Siteestablishment/Fabrication

ExcavationsFoundation/

BasementBuildingInstallationsMisc.

Start Date 06-Jan07-Jan-1421-Jan-1404-Mar-1425-May-1422-Apr-1416-Dec-1403-Feb-15

Duration 626343471

Time Scale of Building Process

Table 4 shows the timescale of the processes and table 5 is a Gantt chart of the building construction

process.

Table 5

24

Appendix 1- calculations

25

26

27

28

Foundations and basement

Summary:

The proposed building design uses steel columns arranged in rows for each wing, and an open-plan

atrium with a 2000m3 basement underneath. In order to support the structure, we propose the

following foundation plan. The site survey reveals that the underlying bedrock is sloping downwards

towards point A on figure 18 The earth above this comprises construction materials from previously

demolished Victorian housing and sandy clay as topsoil. Unfortunately, this material is unsuitable for

supporting any large structure, and will have to be removed in order for foundations to be installed.

For each wing, due to the wide spacing of the columns, we propose square reinforced concrete pad

foundations be installed for each column, each of differing depths onto the sandstone bedrock, such

as to create a level ground floor base, approximately 4m above Point A on the site plan. Further site

analysis will be required to determine the exact height before construction commences. Beneath the

atrium, the basement will be constructed directly onto the sandstone base, and act as a raft-type

foundation. Note: some of the reinforced concrete pads for the columns will be in the basement, but

the reduction in basement volume will be relatively insignificant. To support the atrium above, a

number of small-diameter reinforced concrete columns will be installed in the basement. Again, this

will not significantly reduce the volume of the basement.

In order to prevent water ingress into the basement a non-permeable membrane will be installed

around the basement walls during construction.

The Victorian in-fill excavated for construction will be stored on-site and re-used for non-load-

bearing in-fill when landscaping the site once the building is installed. This negates the need to

remove excess material from the site and reduces the amount of heavy dump trucks going to and

from the site

The bearing capacity of the sandstone base is 580KN/m2.

External Foundations

The calculated load for the

external columns (those around

the edge of each wing) is

1200KN per column. Therefore a

foundation of minimum area

2.07m2 is required. Taking into

account the weight of the

concrete pad, an area of 2.32m2

is required. To reduce the

amount of concrete and to

make laying foundations faster,

we propose square pad

foundations of dimensions

1.75m x 1.75m, giving an area of

3.06m2 per pad. This will safely

and effectively transfer the load to the underlying sandstone.

1.75m

1.75m

Variable

depth

Column and

base plate Figure 19

29

Internal Columns

The calculated load for the internal columns of each wing is 1600KN per column. As some columns in

the interior of the building are spaced closer together, we propose that short “strip”-type

foundations are installed, so as one larger pad supports the load from two columns. Because of this,

a rectangular pad of minimum area 5.52m2 is required. Taking into account the weight of the

concrete pad, the total area required is 6.19m2. As the columns are spaced 2m apart, we propose

pad foundations 4m wide by 1.75m long. This gives an area of 7m2 and so again, will effectively and

safely transmit the load onto the underlying rock, while still maintaining enough area per column to

safely transmit the load.

Our proposed design for the foundations features identically shaped pads, so laying them is easier

because the process for each pad is identical. Done in this way, much time will be saved, bringing

forward the construction schedule.

1.75m

4.00m

Variable

depth

Columns and

base plates

1.00m

Figure 20

30

The foundations will be laid out in a grid pattern as shown:

The blue lines indicate the beams supporting the

floor slabs; the red dots represent the columns.

This is, we feel, the most cost-effective method for

constructing the foundations, as less site excavation

is required, and much less concrete is required than

in other types of foundations. Steel sheet piles will

be installed between concrete pads to prevent

movement of soil around the foundations.

For the basement, a concrete raft will be laid

directly onto the sandstone, varying from 200mm

thick at its shallowest, creating a level basement.

The concrete will be thickest where it is closest to

Point A. Some of the above concrete pads will be

incorporated into this raft. Provisions will be made

for the installation of facilities (water, electricity

etc.) at this point. Reinforced concrete columns to

support the atrium floor will be installed.

Each concrete pad will be reinforced to prevent any crumbling. As the concrete is under vertical

compression, some lateral loading is expected. To account for this, each pad will be reinforced with a

horizontal lattice of rebar, of diameter ~20mm, in four layers. This will hold each pad together

horizontally by providing ~6300mm2 of area per side to reinforce the concrete block.

We feel that these foundation designs will successfully, effectively and safely transfer the load of the

building to the ground, without fear of failure, collapse or unsatisfactory lateral movement. We feel

that the proposed design is the most time and cost effective, using a minimum amount of concrete,

and being required to excavate less ground before construction can begin.

2m

10m

5m

Figure 21

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

Appendix 2 Sustainability Introduction

To meet the maximum amount of sustainability possible throughout the entire life cycle of the office

space the design will comply with the fullest extent of BREEAM. BREEAM, or Building Research

Establishment’s Environment Assessment Method, aims to provide:

An unbiased independent assessment method for the sustainably of building

Recognition and ranking of a building sustainability credentials

A ranking system to stimulate the demand for sustainable building

Sustainability is a key part of our project brief as we are required to construct a building that aims to:

1. Increase energy efficiency and reduce C02 emissions throughout the life and construction of

building.

2. Reduce mains water usage.

3. Employ recycled and reused low impact and locally sourced materials throughout

construction.

4. Improve and enhance existing buildings and design for longevity.

5. Utilise Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS).

6. Provide adequate space for recycling and composting.

7. Monitor and penalise pollution.

8. Measure, integrate and enhance biodiversity.

9. Strategically reduce the need to travel by car.

Using these guidelines I have separated the BREEM codes and practices into a table that is relevant

to the project brief requirements and the office type structure. (See table 6)

WAT 1 Water consumption

Up to a possible of three credits is available for demonstrating that a high percentage of water

consumption has been reduced though the building. To convert the most amount water the

restrooms will be fitted with:

Ifö Sign Universal 4/2L dual flush

AIRFLUSH® urinal system

Taps with flow regulators

Another sustainable technology that is implemented into the building is a rainwater harvesting

system that directs and collects rainwater into an underground tank. The collected water will be

pumped into the building for the purpose of WC flush.

The office structure will achieve three BREEAM credits due to a 60% reduction in water

consumption.

TRA 3 Cyclist Facilities

41

Two credits are available for the integration of secure storage accommodation of bicycles and

adequate changing rooms to be provided for at least 10% of staff. The designed building

corresponds with BREEAMS recommendations with the addition of two Pluto Steel Cycle Shelters to

satisfactorily house storage facilities for 12.5% of employed staff.

Although bicycle shelters have been incorporated into the layout it would be unpractical to include

an extra changing room in the design of the building due to the additional cost in materials that this

would incur.

One out of the two credits will be accredited to the BREEAM score.

ENE 2 Sub-metering of Substantial Energy Uses

A credit will be awarded for implementing a meter of the energy use. To create the highest level of

efficiency throughout the building a BEMS system will be fitted. BEMS, or Building Management

system, monitors energy use and temperature throughout the building.

With the addition of the BEMS system 20% of the energy used in heating and cooling the building

will be saved therefore a BREEAM credit will be given.

WAT 2 Water Meter

To be in full compliance with BREEAM WAT2 requires:

A water meter supplied to the mains water supply to monitor flow rate and detect any leaks

The water meter must have a pulsed output to allow connection to the building

Management System

With the simple inclusion of water meter any lost water due to plumbing failures can be quickly

detected resulting in the conservation of water as well as limiting the water damage costs.

WST 2 Recycled Aggregate

A possible one credit is available for using recycled or secondary aggregates in the construction

process. To obtain the possible BREEAM credit at least 25 %( by volume or weight) of the aggregate

used must be collected from the existing site or from a waste processing site (within 30 km of the

construction). If secondary aggregate is used in the construction process the amount of waste to

land fill can be considerably reduced.

The extensive use of Glass Reinforced Concrete throughout the façade of the building increases the

total amount recycled aggregate between 1.5-3.5% of the weight of GRC corresponds to the weight

of the recycled glass fibres.

Another recycled aggregate that is going to be used throughout the landscaping is Victorian Red

Brick. Red Brick is been used as an aggregate due to the grounds of the situated construction which

is heavily saturated in the remains of back filled Victorian basements.

At least 20% of aggregate used will be glass fibre or crushed red brick as the concrete mix design

thus achieving the BREEM credit.

42

WST 3 Recyclable Waste Storage

One credit (obligatory for excellent BREEAM rating) is awarded for providing a dedicated recycling

space, within accessible distance of the building, and good vehicular access. The size of the office

space is approximately 8000m2 so the minimum waste storage space required is 16m2.The space

must also provide the separation and storage of the following recyclable goods:

Paper

Cardboard

Glass

Plastics

MAT 7 Designs for Robustness

One BREEAM credit is awarded for protecting vulnerable parts of the building or a design decision to

increase service life. To maximise the longevity of the building the glass reinforced concrete is to be

casted into panels. Due to the non-structural elements the GRC undertakes the panels have the

ability to be removed or replaced anytime a refurbishment or retrofit is needed. By using GRC panels

because they contain no steel reinforcements the panels are immune to degradation from

carbonation. By implementing this design throughout the entire external façade this will greatly

increase the robustness and long life of the building.

MAT 6 Insulation

BREEAM awards up to three credits for providing evidence that the thermal properties have been

designed to obtain the optimum level of efficiency. The insulation we have selected to use is:

Glass

Reinforced concrete with its superior thermal qualities for the façade

Cellar concrete as a coating for the reinforced concrete slabs

Rockwool for the cavities in between the walls

Firezero pads to insulate the roof with removable panels

GRC uses recycled glass fibre as an aggregate which allows more light to pass though the material,

compared to normal concrete, which reduces the reflective index of the concrete. Due to GRC lower

reflective index this has the effect of reducing the Albedo effect of the structure increasing the

amount of possible heat absorption and in succession the energy efficiency of the building.

If you see figure 3 the calculations demonstrate the superior thermal resistance of the designed

walls and floors. The amount of heat lost per metre square of temperature change is miniscule

compared to the typical office energy use.

ENE 1 Reduction of CO2 Emissions

To maximise the possible amount of reductions in CO2 the building will be installed with a combined

heat and power generator. A combined heat and power generator or CHP vastly reduces a building’s

emissions through the reduction of the electric distance travelled. Instead of electricity being

supplied through conventional methods the CHP generator utilises biomass (or any other) fuel to

generate electricity. By simply generating electricity on site this has the effect of reducing a

43

building’s CO2 emissions by up to 50% with conventional fuels and it is possible to reduce to a carbon

neutral form of power by only using biofuels. The building’s CO2 emissions have also been reduced

by using OSRAM SubstiTUBE Basic LED tubes lighting, an elevator management system which

disables energy use when needed, the extensive use of insulation and the incorporation of motors

on the windows to allow natural ventilation into the building rather than using air conditioning. For

the full list of energy reductions see figure 2.

44

Pre-

Agreement

Pre

-

Ag

reem

en

t

Ap

pra

isal

Desig

n B

rief

Co

ncep

t

Desig

n

Develo

pm

en

t

Tech

nic

al

Desig

n

PRE A B C D ECre

dit

Weig

ht

(%)

Cre

dit

s

Availab

le

Preparation Design

Issue ID BREEAM Issues

Exem

pla

ry

Level C

red

it?

Decis

ion

/Acti

on

Resp

on

sib

ilit

y

Ene 5 Low- or zero-carbon technologies E C / DT 2.38% 3

1.60% 2

Energy

C / DT 3.00% 3

Ene 1 Reduction of CO2 emissions E C / DT 11.88% 15

Water Conservation Wat 1 Water consumption

1.20% 1

1.60% 2Tra 6 Maximum car parking capacity C / DT

C / DT 0.80% 1

1

LE 6 Long-term impact on biodiversity DT / MC 2.00% 2

Hea 2 View out DT 1.15%

1

0.83% 1

Hea 12 Microbial contamination DT 1.15%

Pol 6 Minimising water pollution C / DT

0.79% 1Ene 2 Sub-metering of substantial energy uses DT

Man 8 Security

Tra 4 Pedestrian & cyclist safety

Reduction of Carbon Emissions from Transport

Reduction of Carbon Emissions from Transport

C / DT

Tra 3 Cyclists' facilities C / DT

Energy/Water Monitoring

Table 6

45

1.00% 1

1Ene 3 Sub-metering of high energy load areas & tenancy DT 0.79%

1.07% 1

Wst 3 Storage for recyclable waste C / DT

Wst 2 Recycled aggregates DT / MC

0.79% 1

Hea 1 Daylighting E DT 1.15% 1

1.07% 1

DT

DT

Site Waste Reduction

Energy/Water Monitoring

Efficiency of Operational Waste Management

Passive Design Techniques/ Users' Health

Ene 4 External lighting

Hea 7 Potential for natural ventilation

Wat 2 Water meter E

DT 1.15% 1

Hea 9 Volatile organic compounds DT

DT 1.15% 1

Hea 8 Indoor air quality

1

Hea 13 Acoustic performance DT 1.15% 1

1.15% 1

Hea 10 Thermal comfort DT 1.15%

Mat 2 Hard landscaping & boundary protection DT 0.96% 1

Low-Impact Materials

Mat 1 Materials specification (major building elements) E DT 3.85% 4

2.88% 3

Mat 6 Insulation DT 1.92%

Mat 5 Responsibly sourced materials E DT

Wst 6 Floor finishes DT 1.07% 1

2

Mat 7 Designing for robustness DT 0.96% 1

46

Hea

tin

g &

Ho

t W

ater

Co

olin

g

Ligh

tin

g

Off

ice

Equ

ipm

ent

Oth

er (

Cat

eri

ng,

Fan

s et

c)

Ener

gy T

ota

l

Ener

gy C

on

sum

pti

on

per

fl

oo

r

Ener

gy C

on

sum

pti

on

fo

r th

e b

uild

ing

Wat

er

con

sum

pti

on

per

ye

ar

Co

llect

ed

rai

n w

ater

per

ye

ar

Net

Wat

er

req

uir

emen

t

per

yea

r

Wat

er

Co

st p

er y

ear

kWh/m2 kWh/m2 kWh/m2 kWh/m2 kWh/m2 kWh/m2 kWh kWh Litres/year Litres/year Litres/year £/year

Typical Office building 178 31 54 49 92 404 603616.4 3018082 2581280 0 2581280 3017.516

Sustainable Office 142.4 24.8 0.075 49 92 308.275 460593.7 2302968 2581281 1577664 1003617 1173.228

Energy Reduction 23.69

Water Reduction 61.12

Table 7

Figure 22

Heat Loss at Web

Thickness Thermal Conductivity

Thermal Resistance U Value

m W/m K m2K/W W/m2K

Celllar Concrete 0.040 0.075 0.533

Reinforce Concrete 0.250 1.750 0.143

Fire Protection 0.040 0.060 0.667 0.48415

Steel 0.417 50.000 0.008

Firezero Pads 0.025 0.035 0.714

RockWool Insulation 0.000 0.035 0.000

Cellar Concrete

Reinforce Concrete

Fire Protection

Steel

RockWool Insulation

Firezero Pads

Floor Design

1

Heat Loss at Flange

Thickness Thermal Conductivity

Thermal Resistance U Value

m W/m K m2K/W W/m2K

Celllar Concrete 0.040 0.075 0.533

Reinforce Concrete 0.250 1.750 0.143

Fire Protection 0.421 0.060 7.013 0.11898

Steel 0.036 50.000 0.001

Firezero Pads 0.025 0.035 0.714

RockWool Insulation 0.000 0.035 0.000

Heat Loss at Insulation

Thickness Thermal Conductivity

Thermal Resistance U Value

m W/m K m2K/W W/m2K

Celllar Concrete 0.040 0.075 0.533

Reinforce Concrete 0.250 1.750 0.143

Fire Protection 0.000 0.060 0.000 0.06919

Steel 0.000 50.000 0.000

Firezero Pads 0.025 0.035 0.714

RockWool Insulation 0.457 0.035 13.063

Table 8

2

Figure 23

Heat Loss at Web

Thickness Thermal Conductivity

Thermal Resistance

U Value

m W/m K m2K/W W/m2K

GRC 0.030 0.123 0.245

RockWool Insulation 0.000 0.035 0.000 1.090

Fire Protection 0.040 0.060 0.667

Steel 0.308 50.000 0.006

Heat Loss at Flange

Thickness Thermal Conductivity

Thermal Resistance

U Value

m W/m K m2K/W W/m2K

GRC 0.030 0.123 0.245

RockWool Insulation 0.000 0.035 0.000

0.199

Fire Protection

Steel

RockWool Insulation

Glass Fibre Reinforced Concrete

Wall Design

3

Fire Protection 0.287 0.060 4.778

Steel 0.031 50.000 0.001

Heat Loss at Insulation

Thickness Thermal Conductivity

Thermal Resistance

U Value

m W/m K m2K/W W/m2K

GRC 0.030 0.123 0.245

RockWool Insulation 0.308 0.035 8.797 0.111

Fire Protection 0.000 0.060 0.000

Steel 0.000 50.000 0.000 Table 9

Appendix 3 health and safety The project is the construction of a new office building upon the site of where kirkstone hall

of residence used to reside. Our aim is to build an office site that can accommodate the occupancy

of 320 administrators, of which 6% are senior staff. Whilst constructing this new office building, we

had to keep in trend with the universities aim of developing new and improved sustainable buildings

such as the newly renovated and refurbished Richmond building, the re:centre and the STEM

building. Whilst proposing this building we still have to abide by construction rules such as

Construction (Design and management) 2007 and the health and safety at work etc act 1974.

During any phase of construction, health and safety is a big component that every

party involved must be aware of and attend to. Within our project the following dates are penned in

dates that involve extra planning, so that we can ensure that we comply to all the rules or CDM

2007. This is to ensure that we have significantly reduced the risk of any harm that may arise to any

member that is involved during this project during and after construction. Health and safety is split

into three parts regarding a project.

Health and safety must be accounted for, for all three steps. Before construction is mainly the

planning of health and safety regarding it during and after construction.

4

As you can see from table 10, we have important procedures pencilled in. The processes that

are the most dangerous and need meticulous planning are the excavations, foundation/basement,

building and installation. During these process, there is an increased chance of risk involved with all

members and parties. Therefore our health and safety plan has been carefully constructed to

efficiently work with our construction plans.

With any project, all of the responsibilities and areas are spread over a team of professionals. Within

our project the following parties are involved:

Clients

Designers

Cdm co-ordinators

Principle contractors

Contractors

Workers

Each and every single one of these members and parties have a role and responsibility to

ensure the project is completed as smoothly and as efficiently as possible. Whilst also not

neglecting their duty of their role of ensuring the health and safety of parties involved are

attended to. All the participating members each have a specific role, as listed below, their role is

stated as well who they are and what their purpose is.

Clients: the university of Bradford are the clients. They have provided the site details, as well

the briefing in which we must follow for the project. They have provided us with a few

requirements that we must comply by

PROCESS Duration (weeks)

Design 6

Site inspection 2

Site establishment/Fabrication 6

Excavations 3

Foundation/Basement 4

Building 34

Installations 7

Misc. 1

Table 10

5

Designers: design the building and its structure so that the client has a visual representation

of what they are investing in

CDM co-ordinators: they act as the client project advisor. They re in charge and responsible

for offering advice on construction, health and safety and risk management. They are also

the source for making sure that information regarding health and safety can be passed on

between clients, designers and contractors

Principle contractor: a principle contractor will be appointed, their role is to plan and

manage the site during its construction phase. They will be working very closely with the

CDM co-ordinator as they both have issues that need to be resolve and are there to manage

the site and ensure the wellbeing of the work force and anyone else who may be on site.

contractors: they will in charge of monitoring the work of the work force. They will also be

responsible for providing the correct information to the workers and to provide adequate

training

workers: they are the workforce on the construction site. We will be employing a workforce

of 20-25

As the construction phase is the most dangerous phase of the project, we have carefully

designed our site so that we can reduce the chance of any accidents occurring and ensuring that

every member and party on site are safe from any danger. Below figure 24 is the site plan during the

construction phase.

Figure 24

6

The structure of the site plan is as follows:

the crosses on one lane of longside lane represent a closed lane during the construction

phase. This will be open again after the construction phase has been completed

the letters in the circle represent cctv cameras

block dots represent emergency lines that connect to the security office, site office and

999

arrows represent the direction that traffic will follow

the red line around the building represents the construction area

numbers represent important site locations

The numbers on the site represent the following:

1. Temporary site car park

2. Security office

3. Plant maintenance yard

4. Site office situated on top of site canteen

5. Welfare office

6. Bay toilet

7. Washing facilities/changing room

8. Tower cranes

9. Site skips

10. Waste materials

11. Site compound

12. Site storage

Using this plan, we hope that it will ensure the safety of those who are entering the site.

By abiding by the following bodies:

The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974

The Construction Design and Management Regulations 2007

The Construction (Health Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1999

Where applicable the following regulations are also included:

The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regs. 1999

The Manual Handling Operations Regs. 1992

The Provision and use of Work Equipment Regs. 1992

The Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regs. 1992

The Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regs. 1992

The Workplace(Health, Safety and Welfare) Regs. 1992

The Health and Safety (Young Persons) regs. 1997

The control of asbestos regulations 2006

7

Confined spaces regulations 1997

Electricity at work regulations 1989

Regulatory reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005

Health and Safety (first aid) regulations 1981

Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment regulations 1998

Control of major accident hazards Regulations 1999

Control of noise at work regulations 2005

Health and Safety (safety signs and signals) regulations 1996

Control of substances hazardous to health regulations 2002

The control of vibration at work regulations 2005

Work at height regulations 2005

Provision and use of work equipment regulations 1998

we constructed the health and safety plan as follows.

Management of the work

The main aim of the Construction (Design and management) regulations is to integrate the

health and safety applications into the project and to allow everyone to cooperate together

in the project to:

Improve all aspects of planning and management from the very start

Identify all the potential risks and hazards that might be involved in the project

before, during and after the project. When done at the start, the project can run

more smoothly and according to plan

Target the areas where most good can be done in terms of health and safety, and

And to avoid bureaucracy

The regulations of health and safety are to be managed thoroughly and mainly concentrate

on the planning and management throughout the project from start to finish. It is not an

extra thought to the project but an essential where without it, the project cannot be

undertaken. It sets out the minimum legal requirements of the construction work and

focuses on the health, safety and welfare of the work force.

The plan should be reviewed at regular intervals and definitely before the work is due to

start. The roles and positions of everyone should be stated as well the prevention or risks

and hazards according to the regulations. All the desired work for the project should be

stated in the plan and then should be assessed on how to make it safe and comply with

health and hazard free.

8

Management structure and responsibilities

The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) will administer the health and safety issues stated in

the project. The regulations of the CDM provide responsibilities fairly to everyone involved

in the project to be able to work in the best possible way with each other taking into

account health, safety and welfare. The structure consists of a client, designer, project

coordinator and the principal contractor.

Client- the client for our project will appoint the principle contractor and the project

coordinator. He will ensure the information on health and safety matters reaches the

project coordinator and that the principle contractor makes a suitable plan for the

project.

Designer- will make sure the client is aware of their duties and considers the design

application taking into account all the health and safety regulations.

Project Coordinator- will ensure a phase plan is prepared and that the HSE are

notified of the work to be done. Will also make sure the designers are abiding by the

health and safety regulations. Will make sure the health and safety file is fully

prepared and that contractors are understanding and are fully equipped to abide by

the health and safety issues.

Principle Contractor- will develop the construction phase plan and will administer

the health and safety issues day-to-day basis.

Responsibilities:

Contracts Manager:

Will identify the requirements of enabling health and safety issues and the resources

Will assign work to the project team, complete the Construction Phase Health and

Safety Plan to be reviewed by the health and safety manager, accept the COSHH

Assessments

Will carry regular site visits, have regular meetings with the project team to assess

any actual/potential risks and will report to the principle contractor

Will review the health and safety plan regularly and make amendments

Site Manager:

Will make arrangement for the setup of the site offices, security, and welfare i.e. fire

extinguishers, first aid kit and notices

Arrange induction training for the team and make sure for awareness the health and

safety is in place

Will make sure all the necessary requirements are in place for health and safety, will

notice training needs of the staff, will make sure the health and safety plan is

implemented

Will carry out inspections of the equipment, site, plant and scaffolding

9

Will report all health and safety issues to the project manager and will notify

everyone of any issues in the meetings

Will keep records of the health and safety

Safety Team:

The safety team consists of 5 people and are to aid the management of health and safety

issues, e.g., site inspections, and investigation of any accidents, routine checks and

information of on-site workers.

Health and safety goals for the project including arrangements for

monitoring and reviewing health and safety performance. We ensure that the project is carried out in accordance with the health and safety at work

1974 act and the construction (Design and Management) regulations 2007 to ensure the

project as a whole is undertaken safely.

We and the whole team consider health, safety and welfare as well as the environment at

the top of our priorities. A negative attitude of not taking any type of risks and hazards

highly is not acceptable.

Continuous monitoring of the health and safety compliance on site will be monitored by the

management. Problems will be notified to the principle contractor.

We will monitor the site in regular intervals and the time between each interval could

change according to the amount of possible risks and hazards. A monthly meeting will be in

place of the managers within the project. The inspection of the site will be discussed and

any amendments of the health and safety plan will be made.

Arrangements for:

i) regular liaison between parties on site

Before work starts, all the contractors involved will inform the contract manager of any

work that could affect any worker on the site. Work will only begin after complete liaison

between all contractors and workers on site to make sure that the health and safety goals

are agreed and acted upon.

The Principle contractor will ensure there is good and positive communicating between the

workers, contractors and others that are involved in the project. To ensure this, we will have

a regular meeting every month. The meeting will discuss the current work and any health

and safety issues that might have occurred or that are likely to occur. Addition to this, the

security guards, site manager, safety team, contracts manager and any other person of high

position will be allocated, on site, a two way radio system. This allows fast and easy

communication to notify the relevant person of any arising health and safety issues.

ii) Consultation with workforce

10

We will consult with all our employees about health and safety related issues. We will hold a

meeting every month specifically for the employees on site about health and safety

regulations and to keep a check on how safe the project is running. This meeting is in

addition to the meeting of keeping liaison between all organisations in the project. Also,

any potential risks and hazards will be discussed as well as toolbox talks of how to abide by

the health and safety regulations.

The employees on site are the best people to get advice and information from as they would

have experience on site and know how to deal with them most.

iii) Exchange of design information between client, designers, CDM

coordinator and contractors on site

In our project, the Designer will make sure to pass on the design plans to all the project

team involved. Therefore, disagreement and problems will not occur later in the stage and

especially after the whole construction. Any amendments can be made at the time of

reviewing the plan. Also, we would have regular reviews of the plan to make sure the

building is buildable and is sustainable and to asses where most health and safety attention

needs to be focused at.

iv) Handling design changes during the project

When a change is needed to the design due to any reason, we will only start once we have

all the relevant information of the design and the potential risks and hazards are outlined.

Otherwise, we would find it too dangerous to continue the work.

v) The selection and control of contractors

The contractors that are to be part of the project must complete an assessment. Only if the

assessment is passed, will they then be approved to be part of the project. This will make

sure all the members of the project are qualified to do carry out their roles properly

according to regulations. The Contracts manager will make sure this process runs smoothly

and will abide by this ruling.

vi) The exchange of health and safety information between contractors

All contractors on site must provide information on how potential risks and hazards may

arise from their work in the project that could affect the health and safety of the workers.

The health and safety will be based from the construction phase plan. All the contractors

must accept the construction phase plan, so in this way, everyone would know the risks and

hazards that may arise and how to tackle them.

The copy of the health and safety regulations as well as the health and safety procedures

will be made available around the site. Addition to this, the Construction Phase plan will be

posted at different points on the site.

11

vii) Site security

We will ensure all theft and inappropriate activity in avoided by ensuring a good and safe

plan is in place. The security parameters that we have decided upon will be provided by the

company named Permanex CCS Group.

The site will be surrounded by a temporary hired hoarding, which will be finished off

with metal barbing on top as extra pre caution

There would be barriers into the site car park before reaching the gates where the

security guards are present

The gates would be handled by one security guard during the day of a 12 hour shift

and two security guards during the night also with a 12 hour shift each ensuring 24

hour security. The security will be part of the Bradford University as the site is within

the premises

The system of entering the site would be by an identity card and the security guard

manually granting access as the identification has been approved legitimate. The

reason for going against electronic cards is that they could easily be passed to one

another and general public and may experience faults

An alarm would be placed at the gate in case any danger is seen, which would be

under the control of the security guards. This is mainly for the purpose of the night

shift as there would be a larger potential of anyone intruding

All vehicles would need to be safely parked during out of work hours to avoid any

theft

Warnings and signs to be placed for the public and inside the site

Signage must be displayed around the site

The site car park will be surrounded by anti-climb fencing, so people can not intrude

into the site before reaching the security guards

CCTV cameras on site shown in the site plan below. The cameras are rotating 3600.

viii) Site induction

Health and Safety is taken very seriously and of utmost importance within this project. We

will provide induction sessions. The induction sessions are compulsory for any person that

will work in the project. The induction would require a signature, which will confirm that

you have understood and will abide by the regulations. This induction would be protecting

the health of you and all the other workers.

The induction session will cover the following topics:

Health and Safety regulations

Potential risks and hazards

Construction Phase Plan

Rules within the site

Site security

12

Entering the site

System of welfare facilities

Reporting an incident

Traffic management

Fire and emergency procedures

ix) On-site training

Over 200 people are killed in accidents every year and over 100 million are injured.

Therefore, we very strongly believe in providing the best training to our workers. This way,

we are preventing any death or ill-health to our workers, we are preventing any financial

costs to treating of accidents at the site and we will be making our employees competent in

the health and safety regulations.

We will give explanations and where applicable, demonstrations of how to use the

equipment on the site as well as question and answer sessions in the end. We will make

sure that the workers will know how to perform their roles perfectly, with notices and

guidance around the site.

The workers will be taught how to:

React when a fire is caused

Work with toxic material

Use machinery like cranes

Lift heavy objects

Keep the welfare areas clean, such as the toilets in order to maintain hygiene

Use the vehicles on site

x) Welfare facilities and first aid

If order for the Project to begin, we need to make sure we have adequate facilities for the

workers in terms of welfare and first aid. Therefore we have the following facilities made

available:

Welfare

A portable bay toilet, 16 by 9 foot, 3 +1 toilet will be hired from the company,

Mobilemini. Theses toilets are within the guidelines of HSE.

A portable canteen, 20 by 8 foot, is also hired from Mobilemini

Washing facilities in the cubicles and the canteen

Clean warm and cold water is provided from the taps

13

A changing cubicle which is suitable for 6 people at any one time is provided.

Separate for men and women. The changing rooms are portable and will have

lockers for 35 people inside.

We would also hire a site office from Mobilemini. The office will be placed on top of

the canteen and would have the same dimensions as the canteen.

First Aid

Site manager will make sure there is adequate first aid facilities on site

First aid kits around the site will be enough for all the workers at any one time

Detail and information of the closest accident and emergency centre will be on each

of the first aid kit

We would have a qualified first aider in the site office to treat any injured person

Hazard signs will be placed on the site

The number of people on the site at any one time will be recorded using a register

The template of information provided on first aid kits is below

NAME OF FISRT AIDER

Dr Gough

LOCATON OF FIRST AIDER

Site office

NEAREST ACCIDENT AND EMERGENCY CENTRE

Bradford Royal Infirmary Duckworth Lane Bradford West Yorkshire BD9 6RJ 01274 542200

14

xi) RIDDOR forms + example

RIDDOR requires us to report accidents if they happen out of or in connection with work.

When related to a work related incident, certain types of the accidents are reportable. They

are the death of a person, specified injuries, and incapacitation for more than 7 days and

being taken directly for treatment.

All injuries will be reported to the contracts manager by the site manager however minor it

is. However, when the injury is reportable defined by RIDDOR, then the HSE will be notified

through the telephone by the health and safety team. The site manager will ensure that the

injury is reported to the HSE.

The injured person will be recorded in our records for our own progression in improving

health and safety. We would have an accident book (B1510) in the site office and the details

of the incident will be recorded in it. The telephone number to contact the HSE, 0845 300

9923, will be placed at all first aid sites so that the safety team have easy access to it. When

filling the report online, we would make sure that it is done within 10 days of the injury and

15 days if the worker is over 7 days of incapacitation. As shown in the following pages, we

have a included a completed RIDDOR form, to show how a completed one will look like.

xii) Production and approval of risk assessment forms and written systems of

work

As part of our project under the guidelines of HSE, reports and assessments are required to

secure health and safety on site. We will make a general assessment of health and safety

risks to which workers on site are vulnerable to. As well as this, we will have specific risk

assessments for work including work at height, hazardous substances (COSHH will be made),

manual handling, noise, vibration and lead.

The Construction Phase Plan is to be checked and update regularly by the principal

contractor during the project. This way, any new possible risks that may arise or detected

can be added and then pointed to the workers to keep up to the standards of HSE

guidelines.

Reports of thorough examination of all lifting equipment like cranes and slings will be

created before they can be used. Excavation, scaffolds and ladders etc. will be inspected

also before use and the report must be retained and easily accessible.

For work such as demolition and dismantling, method statements will be formed from a risk

assessment before they can be carried out.

xiii) Site rules including drug and alcohol policy

15

We have strict rules for the site and are according to the guidelines of HSE. These rules have

to be followed at all times to prevent accidents and to ensure safety at all times.

1. Operatives and visitors must report to the Site Manager.

2. Fire routes should be easily accessible at all times.

3. Induction talks must be attended by those to enter the site.

4. All materials must be stored appropriately according to the COSHH

assessments.

5. Building and the public must be protected from the dust, noise and

fumes.

6. No smoking policy on site.

7. Alcohol and drugs are not allowed on site and are not to be taken during

working hours.

8. The dress code must be adhered to at all times.

9. All method statements must be clearly understood and signed by any

person before working on site.

10. Training must have been taken before workers can use specific

machines.

11. No inappropriate language or behaviour on site.

12. Personal Protective Equipment must be worn at all times.

13. No radios other than communication radios are allowed on site.

All personnel are under obligation to abide by these rules otherwise there will

be action from HSE and persecution by us.

xiv) Fire and emergency procedures

FIRE PLAN

To be displayed at all fire points

1) CONTACT PERSONEL:

Site manager: Dr Gough

Safety team: Bill Jones or Derek Mugaya

2) FIRE PREVENTION PROCEDURES:

16

a) No smoking on site at all times.

b) Regular inspections by the site manager to check maintenance of

machines.

c) Removing unnecessary waste and any obstruction.

d) Severe control of Hot Work.

3) FIRE AND EMERGECNY EVACUATION PROCEDURES:

a) Quick preparation and awareness must be made.

b) The safe routes must be established.

c) Any one of the fire points must be attended on the site.

4) ACTIONS IN THE ACTUAL EVENT OF A FIRE:

a) Raise Alarm at any of the fire points.

b) Call the fire brigade on 999.

c) All workers must leave the site and record their attendance to the

site manager.

DO NOT ATTEMPT TO RE-ENTER THE SITE

UNTIL FURTHER NOTICE OF THE SITE

MANAGER

Arrangements for controlling significant site risks As with all construction projects, there are three stages of construction that all interested parties

must be aware of and be up to date upon. These three stages of construction must be taken into

consideration when setting up health and safety guidelines according to construction (design and

management) regulations 2007; also known as CDM 2007. The CDM 2007 is set up as to ensure the

health and safety, as well as the well being of any person that will be attentive during any of the

three phases of construction.

17

Access to and from site

Figure 25

An identification badge will be allocated to all members working on this project

Badges will be provided via the client/company clearly indicating holders name and position

on site e.g site manager, workforce, security etc

To obtain this badge team members will complete a site induction as stated with adequate

training

Access into the site perimeter will be via a gate that leads into a car park. This gate will be

open during construction hours and then closed for out of construction hours.

As the gate will be open, people may wander into the car park, so we have also installed anti

climb fence that will surround the car park leading up to the security office

Those who wish to gain entry to the construction site via the barriers will have to show the

security their i.d badge

Security has the right to deny access if they feel that identification may not be legitimate. In

such cases the site office has to be contacted as soon as possible

All guests and visitors must let the company and site manager aware of their visit 24 hours

before hand if possible

Upon entry Visitors will have to sign in and provide identification as to who they are. They

will then be given a temporary visitor badge at the security office. This will clearly indicate

who they are and that they are a visitor

Site perimeter will be hoarded off via hoarding provided by security company

Entry into the site will be via a car park surrounded by anti-climb fencing, which will run up

to the barriers next to the security office as shown in figure 25

Next to the security office a barrier will be hired via the security office, allowing access to

and from the site. A barrier will be place on the entrance road and exit road

After the construction phase has passed. Pedestrian access to and from the site will be

decided upon by the university. However to control the access of vehicles to and from the

site, longside lane already has existing electronic barriers.

18

Traffic routes and segregation of vehicles and pedestrians

Figure 26

Longside lane consists of two lanes. We are closing traffic down the lane closest to the

pedestrian path as shown in figure 26

Arrows indicate the direction of travel via the one way system

The lane open to traffic will be implemented with a speed limit of 5mph, we decided upon

this figure as we did not want to take any chances with debris falling off vehicles travelling at

a higher speed

To segregate pedestrians from the road, temporary anti-climb fencing will be placed on the

pedestrian path. This will be the same fencing as used on the site car park

Signs will be placed at either end of the lane telling traffic that the road is closed, this will be

supported by temporary barriers separating the two lanes

19

In between the two lanes, temporary barriers will be placed so that drivers are aware of

their designated lane space

The whole site, including longside lane, will be operated under one way traffic rule. This one

way rule will also be with a strictly no reversing policy, unless reversing is authorised. In any

case of reversing vehicles must display hazard lights and a siren to warn any vehicle and

workforce that they are reversing.

Delivery and removal of materials and work equipment

Any delivery to the site must be penned into the diary of the site manager. The site manager

must be aware of any scheduled deliveries as he/she can then pass on this information to

the security guard. This way the security guard is notified of any deliveries that are to be

made to the site.

If any emergencies deliveries are to be made, then the security office will notify the site

manager via a two way radio system. Only then can the delivery be authorised and be

granted access into the site.

As you can see from figure 24, deliveries will follow the road path that has been put into

place temporarily.

All delivery vehicles and machinery will still abide by the 5 mph site rule.

figure 27 also shows that next to item 10 and 12 which are respectively the waste materials

and storage units. There is a slip off road. This is designed so that any vehicle wishing to stop

to either pick up waste or to drop off any deliveries, can do so without disrupting any site

traffic. This also allows this process of collecting or delivering to be done in a safe and

peaceful manner as we do not need to rush this process without the pressure of holding up

any work.

Any delivery of work equipment shall be signed in for, and placed straight into the site

compound until needed.

Items 9 on the site are skips. These skips will be emptied every 2 days as we don’t want

them to overfill and the cleaning process becomes rushed and unsafe.

20

Construction chutes as shown below will be fitted onto the construction support such as

scaffolding and will lead into the skip

Every week, structure number 10 will be emptied as to ensure that it is never overflowing.

Its also to ensure that any materials that may be harmful such as broken glass etc are not on

site for very long

Protection of the public

To protect the public from the hazards that our site may produce, we had to use meticulous

planning to ensure that we could reduce the chance of any accidents or damage likely to

occur.

Site will be secured using hoarding provided by permanex ccs group as shown in figure 28

Figure 27

Figure 28

21

The hoarding provided will also help us with other issues, not just preventing the public from

gaining access to the site

Hoarding will also reduce the amount of dust that reach the public

Hoarding will absorb some sound vibrations travelling through the air around the site, thus

reducing the amount of noise damage heavy machinery may inflict upon the public

Hoarding will protect the public from any flying debris

As shown in figure 29 the lane next the site is only open for traffic movement. Meaning that

the pedestrian is far away as possible from the site perimeter, thus reducing the chance of

any members of the public being hit with debris

The following sign shown below will be placed at either end of longside lane, to notify the

public that they are entering a construction area

As we cannot provide every

passing member of the public with

adequate hearing aid, we cannot ensure

that they will be well protected against

site noise pollution. However the signs

shown in below will be placed in suitable

places so that they are aware of the risk that they will

encounter

To reduce the noise levels as much as possible, all equipment

shall be fitted with mufflers if possible. this shall reduce the

amount of noise pollution by a significant amount.

In table 11 has the ranking of the common

equipment whose noise levels are hazardous to the public,

with 1 being the most hazardous.

Using this table we have prioritised with machinery will need the most maintenance and

care so that we can reduce the noise pollution as much as possible

On longside lane, shown in figure 29, the red line indicates where the anticlimb fence will be

and the green line indicates where the road barrier will be. As you can see, the closed lane

provides us with a sufficient amount of distant from any traffic and pedestrians walking

nearby on site. If by any chance any debris from vehicles should fall, there is substantial

amount of distance between the vehicles and pedestrians

At each end of longside lane the following sign will be place notifying pedestrians which way

they should walk

Figure 29

Table 11

22

Pedestrians must also be warned of other dangers that they may encounter such as falling

debris, dust, vehicles etc with the use of appropriate signs. Signs will be placed on site and

before the site to give any members of the public warning signs

Appropriate traffic signs will also be placed to warn traffic of any risks they may face such as

heavy duty vehicles, delivery vehicles etc

Storage of materials and equipment

All storage units will be provided by mobile mini

The storage units have been allocated the space shown in figure (show figure)

This is where the materials shall be stored, the units can be safely structured in a way so that

we may place units on top of one another

For safety reasons we have decided that we shall stack the storage

units, to a maximum of 3 storage units. The mobile mini

recommendation is 4, but we felt that we do not want to risk the

chance of the units falling over and causing casualties on site.

Figure 30 shows how the storage units will be stacked

All site equipment will be placed in the compound (see figure jsajsj)

after the construction has stopped for the day. This ensures that

even if someone does manager to bypass security they will not be

able to use any of the dangerous site equipment.

Heavy machinery, such as the tower cranes, that cannot be put into

compound will be securely locked to ensure that no trespassers will

be able to operate such dangerous machinery.

Appropriate signs will also be placed around the

compound as well

Figure 30

23

Maintenance of plant and equipment

Every 3-4 days, the CDM manager and site manager will schedule a maintenance check of all

site equipment. This is to ensure that all the equipment is still safe to use, and we can find

and resolve any hazards that we may come across such as dull saw blades, vehicles with

punctured tyres, tower crane isn’t firmly planted into the ground etc

The following sign will be used to notify any site member, that

while they may be qualified to work on site, they’re not

qualified nor authorised to conduct a maintenance check on

any machinery and equipment

A site check shall be conducted every 3 days. Site managers

and the safety team will run a thorough check on the site to

find any problems before the occur into a major hazard

To ensure that the site doesn’t become crowded out with

deliveries and waste. All deliveries shall be accounted for

beforehand, with the site manager made aware of how much stock of materials they have.

This will ensure that the site an storage unit are not overcrowded with unnecessary

equipment and materials they do not need. All skips shall be emptied out every 3 days with

the waste materials depot emptied and cleared every 6 days

Excavations

No excavation shall be carried out unless there is appropriate support as shown in figure 31

No workforce shall enter the

excavation area, unless they are appropriately

dressed. This includes high visibility jackets, hard hats, safety boots etc

Any excavation must be planned and approved by the site manager. Only then can

excavations be authorised

Figure 31

24

Excavation signs will be placed around the excavation as it is a dangerous process, regardless

of the excavation being visible or not, it is a risk that cannot be taken.

Excavation trucks will be fitted with sirens and flashing orange lights to alert the workforce

of their site presence

No excavation will be used by workforce with no experience

Arrangements for controlling significant site risks

i) Removal of asbestos If information is provided on whether or not asbestos is present or not, then we can take

the most appropriate action. However, if no information is held or provided, we will have to

carry out surveys in the land and any detection of asbestos will lead to evacuation of the

land. A risk assessment will be formed on the severity of the asbestos present and we will

require a licenced contractor from the HSE for the removal of the asbestos.

Our workers have not got the licence to do this, so we cannot remove asbestos ourselves.

However, the contracts manager will examine carefully how the asbestos removal

contractors are doing their job.

After all asbestos is removed, provided there is asbestos, then work can resume.

ii) Dealing with contaminated land The land we are dealing with is not contaminated.

iii) Manual handling Most of the injuries caused on site are related to back injuries. We will do our best in order

to prevent any injuries. The safety team will carry out risk assessments for this and would

highlight any risks and hazards. This way, the employees would be aware of the potential

hazards they might face and can be more vary of them. As well as the risk assessments, we

will use a new tool, the Manual Handling Assessments Charts (MAC). This will give our safety

team the ability to assess any high risks involved in any manual handling procedures.

The HSE requires us to provide training to all workers on site with health and safety

information. During this training session as explained in part 2 of the report, we will provide

information on manual handling such as ways to lift, carry and push objects. All employees

must be able to know understand these rules clearly before they can work on site. This will

be approved by their signatures.

iv) Use of hazardous substances particularly where there is a need for health

monitoring We will do our best to not use hazardous substances on site. If we have to use any, we

would look to use the safest from them all as we put health and safety of the workers

before all else. Any hazardous substance that might have to be used in this case would need

to link with a suitable COSHH assessment. The contractors would have to provide these

when applicable.

25

The site manager will ensure COSHH assessments are carried out and the risks and hazards

noted to the employees. All workers would be provided with training to work with

hazardous substances and especially asbestos as explained earlier.

If during site work, any hazardous or potentially hazardous substance is found, then the

work in that specific area of the site must stop and the site manager notified. The site

manager would take the most appropriate actions from then onwards.

v) Reducing noise and vibration Noise and vibration assessments will be carried out. During the course of this project, we

will do our best in preventing/reducing noise and vibration levels. We will not guarantee

that there will be no noise or vibration, however, if they prove to be hazardous, then we will

take steps in reducing it as much as possible, such as:

1. Continuing the specific work at times of little impact to the public.

2. Trapping the sound and vibration by closing the area temporarily.

3. Monitoring the noise and vibration.

4. Making sure to keep people further away if they are not involved.

vi) Other significant health risks There are no other health risks that we have not mentioned, but we will continue with being

cautious.

Health and safety file

The health and safety file contains all the necessary documents needed

to ensure the safety and wellbeing of any person being on the construction site

at any time during the three stages of construction. The file contains plans of

the site, fire exits, fire procedures, emergency meeting points, signs,

pedestrian safety, pedestrian welfare, employee welfare and safety etc.

The file also contains directions as to how to complete the RIDDOR form

if any emergencies arise. This file is in compliance with CDM 2007 regulations

and the health and safety at work etc act 1974.

References

Books

Chanakya Arya. (2009) Design of Structural Elements. Spon Press; Taylor & Francis. Pg.9-27, 31-71

T.J. Ginley and B.S. Choo. Reinforced Concrete - Design theory and examples 2nd edition.

26

Roy Chudley & Roger Greeno. Building Construction Handbook. Sixth Edition, Publish by

Elsevier Ltd. 2006

Selwyn Goldsmith (2007). Universal Design. Taylor & Francis. pg. 67-74

Barlow, Stuart.(2011) Guide to BREEAM. London: RIBA Publishing

Prior, Josephine and Cinquemani, Virginia.(2010) Integrating BREEAM throughout the design

process. Watford: BRE Trust, p.36-42, fig. 6.5

SPON’s Architects’ and Builders’ Price Book 2014, Spon Press, Ed.139, pp.66-75

Websites

http://www.planningni.gov.uk/downloads/parking-standards.pdf

http://www.wbdg.org/design/atrium.php

http://www.woking.gov.uk/planning/service/publications/sitelayoutand_buildingdesign.pdf

http://www.ogc.gov.uk/documents/Efficiency_Standards_for_Office_Space.pdf

http://www.breeam.org

http://www.zerowastescotland.org.uk

http://www.parkersteel.co.uk/Matrix/72/Stainless+Steel+Metric+Flats

http://www.pkc.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=10565&p=0

http://www.hse.gov.uk/contact/faqs/toilets.htm

http://www.ieee-tpc.org/FundamentalPrincipalsFoundationDesign.pdf

http://www.vulcanhammer.net/geotechnical/FHWA-SA-02-054.pdf

http://www.theecoexperts.co.uk/how-much-do-solar-panels-cost-uk

http://info.cat.org.uk/questions/pv/life-expectancy-solar-PV-panels

http://cep.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/PV_Cleaner_Executive_Summary.pdf

http://www.donrowe.com/usage-chart-a/259.htm

http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=idSNAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA130&lpg=PA130&dq=office+energy+us

e+breakdown&source=bl&ots=L6fPfKu3aT&sig=ssVOEoSZLkNKsYCeIZRG9Gha46A&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1

SMXU4DuE4GLhQeRt4GIBg&ved=0CGsQ6AEwCg#v=onepage&q=office%20energy%20use%20breakd

own&f=false

http://www.devon.gov.uk/plandoc_16_3650.pdf

27

http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jcen/2013/317182/

http://aggregain.wrap.org.uk/sustainable_2.html

http://gfrccladding.com/?p=faq&q=400

http://www.cemcotec.com/content/uploads/30yrs%20of%20GFRC%20and%20its%20Applications.p

df

http://www.greenbuildingstore.co.uk/page--water-saving-toilets.html

http://www.greenbuildingstore.co.uk/page--airflush-waterless-urinal.html

http://www.greenbuildingstore.co.uk/page--dual-flush-wc.html

http://www.greenbuildingstore.co.uk/media/page_content/Sanitaryware/Pricelist/Water%20saving

%20pricelist%20April%201st%202013.pdf

http://www.skamol.com/media/SKAMOTEC_225_2012-10data.pdf

http://www.insulationgiant.co.uk/p/firezero-45kgrockpolyencl-600-x-600-x-25mm/600098

http://www.rockwool.co.uk/products/u/2011.product/9908/building-insulation/rockwool-

flexi%C2%AE

http://www.sustainabilitywestmidlands.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/Andrew-Spencer-pdf.pdf

http://www.heattracing.co.uk/product-details/breeam-wat-02-water-leak-detection

http://www.osram.co.uk/osram_uk/news-and-knowledge/led-lamps-from-osram---the-big-product-

push/led-tubes-as-an-energy-efficient-replacement-for-conventional-t8-fluorescent-tubes/index.jsp

http://www.hse.gov.uk/treework/training-is-important.htm

http://www.bradfordhospitals.nhs.uk/about-us/contact-

information/Bradford%20Royal%20Infirmary

http://www.hse.gov.uk/riddor/key-definitions.htm

http://www.hse.gov.uk/construction/safetytopics/admin.htm#risk

http://www.hinton.ca/DocumentCenter/Home/View/267

http://www.hse.gov.uk/index.htm

https://www.keysignsuk.co.uk/images/products/warning-public-safety-signs-04.jpg

http://www.hse.gov.uk/contact/faqs/manualhandling.htm

http://www.hse.gov.uk/STATISTICS/industry/construction/construction.pdf

28

http://www.bigdug.co.uk/images/5-mph-safety-sign-with-text-p3678-208318_zoom.jpg

http://www.warningsignsdirect.co.uk/images/caution_5mph_site_speed_limit.gif

http://static.seton.com/media/catalog/product/Parking-Lot-Speed-Limit-5-MPH-L3284-ba.jpg

http://www.blitzmedia.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/DMEU_MM010AE58106.gif

http://media.wvec.com/images/road_construction_lane_closed_sign+generic_gettyimages.jpg

http://www.tempfence.co.uk/images/PlasticNoTrip.jpg

http://images.speedyservices.com/ProductImages/08-0455-

h.jpg.ashx?width=209&height=209&bgcolor=ffffff

http://www.qsafesps.com.au/images/P/DANGER-SIGN-ELECTRICAL-EQUIPMENT-AUTHORISED-

PERSONNEL-ONLY-D123.jpg

http://www.barricade-

ltd.com/Barricade%20Web%20Images/Manual%20Barrier%20Drawing%20Small.jpg

http://www.generationhireandsale.co.uk/images/uploads/Hoarding_vehicle_gate.jpg

http://www.sturdyproducts.com/Images/online-

shop/products/Construction/Builder%20Chutes/Chute%20Section%20Gallery%20Image%201.jpg

http://www.superiorscaffold.com/images/productChutes.jpg

http://www.marysrosaries.com/collaboration/images/d/da/Construction_chute_001.jpg

http://www.lhsfna.org/files/bpguide.pdf

http://www.bradford.ac.uk/estates/media/estatesandfacilities/allfiles/images/Richmond-

300x213.jpg

http://www.textmarketer.co.uk/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/university-of-bradford-

logo1.jpg

http://www.safetysignsandnotices.co.uk/images/D/ws521.gif

www.parkersteel.co.uk

www.glasspaneldepot.co.uk

www.hss.com

29