STAAR Ladder to Success

Rung 6

What does the table tell us?

• Atomic Number: # protons as well as # electrons.– The atomic number for an element never changes.

• Atomic Mass: # protons + # of neutrons• How do we know the number of neutrons?

– Mass – atomic number = # neutrons

• Metals• Nonmetals• Metalloids1

2

3

4 5

6

7

• Group (Family)• Period

1

2

3

4 5

6

7

ALKALI METALS

• Located in Group 1 • Soft, shiny and reacts violently with water• Must be stored in oil

Alkaline-earth metals

• Located in Group 2 • React to form positive ions• Combines with other elements to form

compounds

Transition Metals

• Located in Groups 3-12 • Lose electrons to form positive ions• Valence electrons are present in more than

one shell. This is the reason why they often exhibit several common oxidation states.

• Magnetic field: Fe, Co, and Ni

Halogens

• Located in Group 17• Very reactive atoms• Known as the halides

The Noble Gases

• Located in Group 18 • Known as inert gases because they undergo

few chemical reactions• Exist as single atoms instead of as molecules• Unreactive• Do not form compounds

1

2

3

4 5

6

7

Atomic Radius

• Atomic Radius Increases to the LEFT and DOWN

1

2

3

4 5

6

7

Ionization Energy

• First Ionization Energy Increases UP and to the RIGHT

1

2

3

4 5

6

7

Electronegativity

• Electronegativity Increases UP and to the RIGHT