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ST. PHILOMENA’S COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), MYSORE – 570015
A COLLEGE WITH POTENTIAL FOR EXCELLENCE (UGC)
SUBJECT: PHILOSOPHY
SYLLABUS FOR B.A. COURSE UNDER SEMESTER SCHEME
DURATION OF THE COURSE – THREE YEARS/SIX SEMESTERS
FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2014 ONWARDS
Semester I – Paper 1
Logic: Western and Indian
Marks theory – 80, Internal Assessment 20 = 100
6Hrs/week = 84 Hrs
COURSE OBJECTIVE
Aristotle’s deductive logic which has withstood the tests of many centuries is imparted to students as an
aid to the art and science of correct reasoning and correct argumentation. Knowledge of Inductive
Logic adds further to the formation of the mind of the students. The Ancient Indian School of logic is
Nyaya. It has a combination of both the deductive and inductive form of reasoning.
SYLLABUS
Unit 1: Nature and Scope of Logic
Definition and Object of Logic: Logic as Science and Art
Basic Concepts, Nature, Scope of Logic
Principles of Logic and Operation of Mind
Unit 2: Nature and Modality of Terms
Simple Apprehension: Words, Terms, and Concepts
Universality of Concepts: Predicables and Tree of Porphyry
Properties of Terms: Connotation and Denotation
Classification of Terms
Unit 3: Nature and Modality of Propositions
Judgment: Sentences and Propositions; Parts of Propositions
Types of Propositions: Categorical, Hypothetical and Disjunctive
Propositions Based on Quantity and Quality
Distribution of Terms in Propositions
Reduction of Sentences to Logical Form
Unit 4: Nature and Modality of Syllogism
Reasoning or Argument; Kinds of Reasoning
Opposition of Propositions and deduction: Conversion, Obversion and Contraposition
Structure of Syllogism: Figures and Moods of Syllogism
General Rules of Syllogism: Deductive Fallacy
Determination of Valid Moods
Unit 5: Inductive Logic
Inductive and Deductive reasoning
Elements of Inductive Logic
2
Scientific Method
Types of Inductive Logic
Unit 6: Nyaya
Introduction
Philosophy of Knowledge of Nyaya School: Perception (Pratyaksa), Inference (Anumana), Comparison
(Upamana), Verbal Testimony (Sabda)
Inference (Anumana)
Constituents of Inference
Types of Inference
REFERENCE
Basantani, K.T., Introduction to Logic, Bombay: A.R. Sheth & Co., 1976.
Bittle, Celestine, The Science of Correct Thinking, Milwaukee: The Bruce Publishing Co., 1950.
Cohen & Nagel, An Introduction to Logic and Scientific Methodology, New Delhi: Allied Publisher,
1990.
Copi, Irving M. & Cohen, Carl, Introduction to Logic (First Indian Reprint), Delhi: Pearson Education,
2001.
Dasgupta, Surendranath, History of Indian Philosophy, New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1976.
Deussen, Paul, The Philosophy of the Upanisads, Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1908.
Felice, Anne, Logic and Theory of Knowledge, Cochin: St. Teresa’s Mercy Home Press, 1982.
Hiriyanna, M. Outlines of Indian Philosophy, London: Allen and Unwin, 1932.
Klenk, Virginia, Understanding Symbolic Logic, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1984.
Mellone, S.H., Introductory Text Book of Logic, London: Win Blackhood and Sons, 1950.
Mohanty, Phani & Sahoo, Harischandra, An Introduction to Deductive Logic, New Delhi: Kalyani
Publishers, 1983.
Sharma, Chandradar, A Critical Survey of Indian Philosophy, Delhi: Motilal Banarasidass, 2012.
Simpson, R.L., Essentials of Symbolic Logic, London: Routledge, 1988.
Stebbing, L.S., A Modern Elementary Logic, London: University Paperback, 1995.
Wolf, A., A Textbook of Logic, Delhi: Surjeet Publications, 1987.
3
Philosophy -Semester II – Paper 2
History of Western Philosophy: Ancient and Modern
Marks theory – 80, Internal Assessment 20 = 100
6Hrs/week = 84 Hrs
COURSE OBJECTIVE
Western philosophy has its roots in ancient Greek culture, which was revived during the Renaissance
and has had immense influence on subsequent Western thought. The pre-Socratics were the
forerunners, not only of systematic philosophical reasoning but also the forerunners of modern science.
They were followed by the great Socrates who taught people the art of asking the correct questions, and
of thinking for themselves. He ushered in the golden age of Greek philosophy – the age of Plato and
Aristotle.
The history of modern western philosophy developed in the 18th
and 19th
centuries in Europe will help
students to acquaint themselves with the nature of modern trends in thoughts, and the reasons why they
were pursued in the various areas of philosophy; to improve students’ ability for discerning truth from
error, and to assist students in exercising themselves in problem-solving.
Unit 1: Pre-Socratic Schools
Milesian School: Thales and Anaximander, Anaximanes, Pythagorean School: Pythagoras, and
Timaeus, Ephesian School: Heraclitus, Eleatic School: Xenophanes and Parmenides, Pluralist School:
Anaxagoras and Empedocles, Atomist School: Democritus
Unit 2: Classical Greek Wisdom: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle
Socratic Method, Epistemology and Ethics
Platonic Problem and Dialectic, the Doctrine of Forms, Epistemology and Ethical theory, Platonism
and Christianity
Aristotle’s Metaphysics: The Doctrine of Causality, Philosophy of Nature, Aristotelian Ethics and
Aesthetics
Influence of Greek philosophy on Plotinus and Medieval Philosophy (Augustine and Thomas Aquinas)
Unit 3: Modern Western Philosophy: Introduction
Renaissance and Enlightenment period
Francis Bacon: Life, Works, Induction, Idols or the False Notions
Unit 4: Continental Rationalism
Descartes: Life, Works, Method, Cogito ergo sum, Mind, God, Mind-body relation,
Spinoza: Life, Works, Metaphysics - Monism and Modal System, Psychology, Ethics
Leibniz: Life and Works, The idea of truth and sufficient reason, Substance – Monads,
Unit 5: British Empiricism
John Locke: Life, Works – Essays, Ideas, Simple and Complex ideas, Primary and Secondary Qualities
Berkeley: Life and Works, Against Abstraction, Immaterialism, To be is to be perceived, Subjective
Idealism
David Hume: Life and Works, Origin and Association of Ideas, Skepticism, Moral theory.
4
Unit 6: The Critical Philosophy of Kant
Transcendental Idealism: Copernican Revolution; Critique of Pure Reason; Phenomenon and
Noumenon; Sensibility, Understanding and Reason; Limits of Human Knowledge, Critique of Practical
reason: Categorical Imperatives and Postulates.
REFERENCE
Baldner, Kent, Introduction to Philosophy: Lecture Guide, Iowa: Hunt Publishing Company, 1995.
Composta, Dario, History of Ancient Philosophy, Bangalore: Theological Publications of India, 2005.
Copleston, Frederick, A History of Philosophy: Greece and Rome, vol. I. New York: Doubleday, 1993.
Copleston, Frederick, A History of Philosophy, Vols. IV-VII, London: Burns and Oates, 1958-60.
Demos, R., The Philosophy of Plato, London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1977.
Durant, Will, “Introduction: On the Uses of Philosophy,” The Story of Philosophy, New York: Will
Durant, 1926.
Gaarder, Jostein, Sophie’s World: A Novel About the History of Philosophy, New York: Berkley Books,
1996.
Hamlyn, D.W., The Pelican History of Western Philosophy, London: Penguin Books, 1989.
Kaipan, Joy, Love of Wisdom: A Beginner's Guide of Philosophy, Bangalore: Kristu Jyoti Publications,
2010.
Kenny, Anthony, ed., - The Oxford History of Western Philosophy, London: Penguin Books, 1987.
Lewis, J., History of Philosophy, London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1977.
Masih, U., A Critical History of Modern Philosophy, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1983.
Mondin, Battista, History of Medieval Philosophy, Bangalore: TPI, 1991.
O’Conner, D.J., A Critical History of Western Philosophy, New York: The Free Press, 1985.
Seruton, Roger, Modern Philosophy: An Introduction and Survey, New York: Penguin Books, 1996.
Shields, Christopher, Classical Philosophy, London: Routledge, 2003.
Solomon, Robert and Kathleen Higgins, A Short History of Philosophy, New York: Oxford University
Press, 1996.
Stumpf, Samuel E. and James Fieser, From Socrates to Sartre and Beyond, New York: McGraw-Hill,
2003.
Taylor, A.E., Aristotle, New York: Methuen, 1930.
Thilly, Frank, A History of Philosophy, Allahabad: Central Publishing House, 1993.
Weber, Alfred, History of Philosophy, transl. Frank Thilly, New Delhi: Vishvabharati Publications,
2007.
5
Philosophy - Semester III – Paper 3
Indian Philosophy: Vedic and Non-Vedic Schools
Marks theory – 80, Internal Assessment 20 = 100
6Hrs/week = 84 Hrs
COURSE OBJECTIVE
This course aims at a comprehensive view of the six major schools of Indian philosophy known
as darshanas and the three nastika movements. There is a good deal of reasoning in some of
them that is quite independent of the scriptures considered sacred; but others are closely knit into
sacred traditions and may be considered theological rather than purely philosophical. Buddhism
and Jainism also help us to widen our minds concerning eastern thought.
Unit 1: Charvaka
Introduction, Basic Features, Epistemology, Metaphysics, Self or Soul, Denial of God, Ethics
Unit 2: Jainism
Epistemology (Theory of Knowledge), Paroksa and Aparoksa, Pramana and Naya,
Anekantavada. Syadvada (Saptabhanginaya). Metaphysics (Theory of Categories or Substance)
Jiva and Ajiva, Bondage and Liberation. Pancha Mahavrtas and Anuvrtas Sects of Jainism.
Unit 3: Buddhism
The Four Noble Truths (Arya Satya). The Doctrine of Dependent Origination
(Pratityasamutpada). The Doctrine of Momentariness (Ksanabhangavada). Doctrine of the
Denial of the Soul (Nairatmayavada). Eight - Fold Path (Astanga Marga). The Concept of
Nirvana.
Religious Sects of Buddhism (Hinayana and Mahayana), Four Major Schools of Buddhist
Philosophy. Mahayana: a) Nihilism (Sunyavada or Madhyamika). b) Subjective Idealism
(Vijnanavada or Yogacara). Hinayana: a) Representationism or Critical Idealism. (Bahyanumaya
Vada or Sautrantika). b) Direct Realism (Bahyapratyaksavada or Vaibhasika).
Unit 4: Nyaya-Vaishesika
General Characteristics of Indian Philosophy; Indian Scriptures
Introduction to Nyaya and Vaishesika
The Nyaya Theory of knowledge- Perception (Pratyaksa), Inference (Anumana), Comparison
(Upamana), Verbal Testimony (Sabda), Causation, Soul, God, Conclusion.
The Vaishesika Padarthas (categories) - Dravaya, Guna, Karma, Samanya, Vishesa, Abhava,
Atomism, God, Bondage and Liberation, General estimate
Unit 5: Sankya-Yoga
Introduction to Sankya-Yoga
Sankya: Theory of Causation, Prakrti Prusua, Evolution of the world and the Evolutes, Bondage
and Liberation, The problem of God, General Evaluation
Yoga: Chitta and Its Vrttis, Astanga Yoga, the Place of God, Conclusion
6
Unit 6: Purva – Mimamsa and Vedanta (Uttara- Mimamsa)
Introduction: Purva Mimamsa and Vedanta
Purva Mimamsa: Nature and source of knowledge, Six Pramanas Perception (Pratyaksa),
Inference (anumana), Comparison (upamana), Verbal Testimony (Sabda), Implication
(arthapatti), Negation (anupalabdi), - Validity of knowledge, Mimamsa Metaphysics, Religion
and Ethics.
Vedanta: Origin and development of the Vedanta- through the Vedas and Upanisads, Schools of
Vedanta and their criticism of the earlier schools.
Advaita - The Monism of Sankara: Sankara's conception of the world (Maya and Brahman),
Sankara's concept of God (Isvara and Brahman), Sankara's conception of self, bondage and
liberation, (Jiva, Atman and Brhaman), ultimate Criterion of Truth.
Visitadvaita: The Qualified Monism of Ramanuja: The Vaishnava school, the Alvar saints and
literature, Sources of knowledge, Self, knowledge and Error, Metaphysical views -Visistadvaita
or identity - in - difference, concept of God, Self, Bondage and Liberation, Concept of achit or
matter, Critical estimate.
Dvaita - the Dualism of Madhva: Pancha bheda, Sources of Knowledge, Concept of God, Soul,
World, Bondage and Liberation. Vedanta Schools of Nimbarka and Vallabha.
Schools of Saivism and Vaisnavism
REFERENCE
Chatterjee, Satishchandra and Direndramohan Datta, An Introduction to Indian Philosophy, Rupa,
2007.
Dasgupta, Surendranath, History of Indian Philosophy, New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1976.
Deussen, Paul, The Philosophy of the Upanisads, Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1908.
Hiriyanna, M. Outlines of Indian Philosophy, London: Allen and Unwin, 1932.
Koller, John M., Oriental Philosophies, New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1970.
Lal, P., The Bhagavadgita, Delhi: Orient Paperbacks, 1965.
Mahadevan, T. M. P., Outlines of Hinduism, Bombay: Chetana, 1984.
McGreal, Ian P. ed., Great Thinkers of the Eastern World, New York: Harper Collins, 1995.
Phillips, Maurice, The Teaching of the Vedas, Hesperides Press, 2006.
Radhakrishnan, Sarvapalli, Indian Philosophy, Vols. I & II, New Delhi, 1940, Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 2008.
Radhakrishnan, Sarvapalli, The Bhagavadgita, HarperCollins 1994.
Raju, P.T., Structural Depth of Indian Thought, New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1985.
Raju, P.T., The Philosophical Traditions of India, New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1998.
Sharma, Chandradar, A Critical Survey of Indian Philosophy, Delhi: Motilal Banarasidass, 2012.
Surendranath Dasgupta, A History of Indian philosophy, 5 Vols., Delhi: Motilal Banarasidass, 1975.
Thachil, J., An Initiation to Indian Philosophy, Alwaye: Pontifical Institute of Philosophy and
Theology, 2000.
7
Philosophy - Semester IV – Paper 4
Contemporary Western and Indian Philosophy
Marks theory – 80, Internal Assessment 20 = 100
6Hrs/week = 84 Hrs
COURSE OBJECTIVE
The aim of this course is to help students keep abreast of the most recent trends in philosophy. In
the English speaking world, for instance, a logical and linguistic turn in philosophy has come
into vogue. Philosophical analysis is a method of inquiry in which one seeks to assess complex
systems of thought by ‘analysing’ them into simpler elements whose relationships are thereby
brought into focus.
The aim of presenting the contemporary Indian thinkers is to examine the ways in which today’s
philosophical thinking in India has remained consistent with past trends, and the ways it has been
influenced by western trends and categories of thought. The views of contemporary Indian
thinkers will make the students to think critically various philosophical standpoints belonging to
different ages and worlds.
Unit 1: Analytic Tradition
Gottlob Frege
Bertrand Russell
Ludwig Wittgenstein
Logical Positivism: Moritiz Schlick and A. J. Ayer
Unit 2: Pragmatic Tradition
C. S. Peirce
William James
John Dewey
W.V.O. Quine
Unit 3: Ram Mohan Roy -Brahmo Samaj and Dayanand Saraswati -Aryasamaj
Roy and Monotheism
Method of Interpretation
Moral Teachings and the Precepts of Jesus
Social and Political Thought
Later Development of BS: D. Tagore and K.C. Sen
Foundation and Principles of Aryasamaj and Suddhi Movement
Response to the Caste System and Widow Remarriage
Vedic Revelation and Dayananda’s Interpretation
Philosophy of Man, Ethical Teachings, Social Philosophy
Unit 4: Ramakrishna Paramahamsa and Vivekananda
Religious Scriptures and Spiritual Experience
Open Search for God Experience
8
Vivekananda and Interpretation of Tradition and Advaita
Practical Vedanta and Religion
Unit 5: Radhakrishnan and Approach to Philosophy
Philosophy as a View and a Way of Life
Advaitic Epistemology and Metaphysics
An Intuitionist Ethics of Vedanta
Religion for Integration and Unity
Unit 6: Aurobindo and Integral Vision
Advaita as the Foundation of Integral Vision of Reality
Involution and Evolution: Dynamics of Reality
Social and Political Philosophy
Unit 7: Gandhi and Ambedkar
Knowledge and Truth
Man and the World
Satyam and Ahimsa: New Morality
Political Philosophy: Non-Violent Society and State
Religion as Service to Humanity
Philosophy of Ambedkar
REFERENCE
A.
Kenny, Anthony, ed., The Oxford Illustrated History of Western Philosophy. New York: Oxford
University Press, 1997.
O’Connor, D.J., A Critical History of Western Philosophy. New York: The Free Press, 1985.
Craig, Edward, Routledge History of Philosophy, Vol. VII, London: Routledge, 1994.
Stumpf, Samuel E. and James Fieser., From Socrates to Sartre and Beyond, New York:
McGraw-Hill, 2003.
Dummet, M.A.E., The Origins of Analytical Philosophy, London: Duckworth, 1993.
Frege, G., “On Sense and Reference”, in Translations from the Philosophical Writings of Gottlob
Frege, ed. M. Black and P. Geach, Blackwell: Oxford, 1952.
Hacker, P.M.S., \Wittgenstein’s Place in Twentieth-Century Analytical Philosophy, Oxford:
Blackwell, 1996.
James, William, Pragmatism and Other Essays, New York: Washington Square Press, 1963.
Luntley, Michael, Contemporary Philosophy of Thought, Oxford: Blackwell, 1999.
Peirce, C.S., Pragmatism and Pragmaticism, vol. 5, of Collected Papers, ed. C. Hartshorne and
P. Weiss, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1934.
Russell, B., The Analysis of Mind, London: Allen & Unwin, 1921.
Whitehead, A.N., Process and Reality, New York: The Free Press, 1979.
Wittgenstein, L., Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, transl. C.K. Ogden and F. P. Ramsey,
London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1922.
9
Wittgenstein, L., Philosophical Investigations, transl. G.E.M. Anscombe, Oxford: Blackwell,
1953.
B.
Ambedkar, Baba, Emancipation of Untouchables, Bangalore: Hosadikku Prakashana, 1992.
Basu, Durga Das, Introduction to the Constitution of India (10th ed.), South Asia Books, 1984.
Brecher, Michael, Nehru: A Pontifical Biography, London: Oxford University Press, 1959.
Copley, Antony, Gurus and Their Followers: New Religious Reform Movements in Colonial
India, New Delhi: OUP, 2000.
Cronin, Vincent, A Pearl to India, The Life of Robert de Nobili, New York: E. A. Dutton &
Company, 1959.
Gandhi, M.K., An Autobiography, Or The Story of my Experiments with Truth, transl. Mahadev
Desai, Ahmedabad: Navaajivan 1927, Reprint 1998.
Guru, Vandana, Ashrams and Christians, London: Darton, Longman & Todd, 1978.
Jatav, D. R., Social Philosophy of Ambedkar, Agra: Phoenix Publishing Agency, 1965.
Nasr, S. Hossein, Sufi Essays, London: George Allen & Unwin, 1972.
Pandey, Susmita, Medieval Bhakti Movement, Meerut: Kusumanjali Prakashan, 1989.
Radhakrishnan, S., Idealistic View of Life, London: George Allen & Unwin, Ltd 1929.
Radhakrishnan, S., Indian Philosophy, Volume 1 & 2, London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd.,
1923.
Roy, Rammohan. The English Works of Raja Rammohan Roy, Calcutta: Sadharan Brahma
Samaj, 1945-1958.
Sarvapalli, Radhakrishnan, The Philosophy of Rabindranath Tagore, London: Macmillan, 1918.
Selections from the Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda, Calcutta: Advaita Ashrama,
Thirteenth Impression, 1995.
Sing, Arya Krishan, Swami Dayananda Saraswati: A Study of his Life and Work, Delhi:
Manohar, 1987.
Vivekananda, Swami, Science and Philosophy of Religion, Calcutta: Advaita Ashrama, 2012.
10
Philosophy - Semester V – Paper 5
Philosophy of Nature and Science
Marks theory – 80, Internal Assessment 20 = 100
3Hrs/week = 42 Hrs
COURSE OBJECTIVE
The Philosophy of Nature introduces students to the various ways in which people of different
times and places have considered nature, at different stages: mythical, religious, philosophical,
scientific, particular attention being paid to the transformation of the Greek philosophy of Nature
into contemporary science. The relevance of Aristotelian philosophy, the scientific or the
philosophical cosmology, relevance of Aristotelian hylomorphism, the beginning and the end of
the world are some of the areas that we will try to study in this course. This course will open the
minds of the students to general culture and information concerning the material world at the
micro as well as the macro levels.
The Philosophy of Science has been recently introduced because of its critical evaluation of
science. This branch of philosophy is relatively young. Applying epistemology, logic and
metaphysics to scientific method and activity, it attempts an answer to questions concerning the
relations between science and truth.
Unit 1: Pre-Socratic Philosophy of Nature
Introduction to Philosophy of Nature
Ancient cosmologies: Vedic cosmology -Biblical cosmology
The Pre-Socratic: Milesians - Pythagoreans - Eleatics - pluralists, esp. atomists
Unit 2: Plato, Aristotle and Scholasticism
Plato on Origin and Development of the Universe
Aristotle's Hylomorphism
Scholastic notions of material substance, quantity, place, space, motion and change, time.
Unit 3: History of Science: Western physics and cosmology:
From Ptolemy to Copernicus:
In the west and east notions of physics, elements, optics, space, time, motion, solar system,
medicine, the question action distance.
Environmental Philosophy
Unit 4: History of Science: Western physics and cosmology:
From Copernicus to the electronic age in physics and chemistry, progressive discovery of
elements;
Copernicus
Tycho Brahe
Kepler
Galileo
11
Newton
Theories of light, heat, sound, magnetism and electricity
Relativity and Quantum physics
Unit 5: Philosophy of Science
Introduction to Philosophy of Science: Philosophical reflections on, implications and
interpretations of the concepts, laws, methods and theories of science.
Logical Positivism: Basic Ideas, Implications and Critique
Historicism (Social Constructivism): Basic Ideas, Persons, Implications and Critique
Historical Realism: Basic Ideas, Persons, Implications and Critique
Relativistic Revolution
Newtonian vs. quantum mechanics
Scientific Theories on the Origin and End of the Universe and their Critique
REFERENCE
Aristotle, The Complete Works of Aristotle 1 & 2, Oxford transl., ed. Barnes, Jonathan, Princeton
1984.
Barnes, Jonathan, ed., Early Greek Philosophy, London: Penguin Books, 2001.
Black, John, The Dominion of Man: The Search of Ecological Responsibility, Edinburgh:
Edinburgh University Press, 1970.
Chalmers, Alan, What Is This Thing Called Science? An Assessment of the Nature and Status of
Science and its Method, 2nd
ed. Milton Keynes: Open University Press, 1992.
Fox, Warwick, Toward a Transpersonal Ecology: Developing New Foundations for
Environmental Philosophy, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.
Gillies, Donald, Philosophy of Science in the Twentieth-Century, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers,
1993.
Gruen, Lori and Dale Jamieson, ed., Reflecting on Nature: Readings in Environmental
Philosophy, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.
Hawking, Stephen, A Brief History of Time, London: Bantam Books, 1999.
Kuhn, Thomas, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 2nd
ed., Chicago: The University of
Chicago Press, 1970.
Ladyman, James, Understanding Philosophy of Science, London & New York: Routledge, 2002.
Nandan, M. R., Philosophy of Science: A Brief Introduction, Bangalore: The Bangalore
Philosophy Forum.
Passmore, John, Man’s Responsibility for Nature: Ecological Problems and Western Traditions,
London: Duckworth, 1974.
Passmore, John, The Perfectibility of Man, London: Duckworth, 1970.
Popper, Karl, The Myth of the Framework In Defence of Science and Rationality, M.A. Notturno,
ed. London: Routledge, 1994.
Russell B., History of Western Philosophy, London: George Allen and Unwin, 1969.
Sambursky, S. and I.B. Cohen, The Birth of a New Physics, London: Penguin, 1992.
12
Singer, C., A Short History of Scientific Ideas to 1900, Oxford: Oxford University, 1959.
Thomas Aquinas, Commentary on Aristotle’s Metaphysics, transl. Rowan, John P., Indiana:
Dumb Ox Books, 1961.
Waterfield, Robin, The First Philosophers: The Pre-Socratics and the Sophists, Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 2000.
13
Philosophy - Semester V – Paper 6
Philosophy of Knowledge
Marks theory – 80, Internal Assessment 20 = 100
3Hrs/week = 42 Hrs
COURSE OBJECTIVE
The aim of this course is to lead students to the meaning of knowledge and truth. The channels of
knowledge are the senses - our own and/or those of other people. Philosophers have doubted the
evidence of the senses. The Sun, for instance, is seen to be moving, whereas it is not really
moving; it is we who are moving. Such questions and instances have compelled philosophers to
discuss a great deal about the nature of doubt, certainty, evidence, truth, about the last of which
they have thought out various theories. The Philosophy of Knowledge, also known as
Epistemology, has a special role to play in the Philosophy of Science, where it examines the
nature of ‘scientific’ truth.
Unit 1: General Introduction
The Nature, definition and scope of Epistemology
A Historical Survey of Epistemology
The Importance of Epistemology: The extent of one’s knowledge; Religious truth and the
universality of truth; Necessity of truth
Unit 2: The Sources of Knowledge
Sensation, Percept, Concept, Universal ideas, Judgements, Deduction, Induction and Testimony
Unit 3: Justification and Certainty
Structure of justification: Foundationalism
Certainty: Kinds of Certitude; problems
Unit 4: Theories of Knowledge
Empiricism, Rationalism, Idealism, Realism, Phenomenalism
Theory of Knowledge in Indian Thought
Scepticism, David Hume’s Scepticism
Unit 5: Truth and Validity of Knowledge
Truth, error and Certitude, Problems of objectivity
Theories of Truth: Correspondence theory, Coherence Theory and pragmatic theory; choice of a
theory
Hermeneutics and Post-Hermeneutic Epistemology
REFERENCE
Ayer, A. J., The Problem of Knowledge, New York: Penguin, 1984
Bernecker, Sven and Duncan Pritchard, ed., The Routledge Companion to Epistemology,
Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2010.
Bhat, Govardhan P., The basic Ways of knowing, N. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidas, 1989.
14
Chrisholm, Roderick M., Theory of Knowledge, New Delhi: Prentice Hall, 1987
Doren, Charles, A History of Knowledge, New York: Ballantine Books, 1992.
Gallagher Kenneth, Philosophy of Knowledge, New York: Sheed and Ward, 1964.
Hamlyn, D.W., The Theory of Knowledge, London: Macmillan, 1997.
Mercier, Jean L., Epistemology and the Problem of Truth, Bangalore: Asian Trading
Corporation, 1998.
O'Neill, Reginald F., Theories of Knowledge, Englewood: Printeice-Hall, Inc. 1960.
Sanguineti, Juan Jose., Logic and Gnoseology, Bangalore: TPI, 1988.
Sharma, R. N., Problems of Philosophy, Meerut: Kedar Nath.
Steup, Matthias and Ernest Sosa, eds., Contemporary Debates in Epistemology, Malden, MA:
Wiley-Blackwell, 2005.
Therukattil, George, In Quest of Truth: A Study in Philosophy of Knowledge, Bangalore: JIP,
2001.
Wolfe, David L., Epistemology, Illinois: Inter Varsity Press, 1982.
15
Philosophy - Semester V – Paper 7
Philosophy of Man
Marks theory – 80, Internal Assessment 20 = 100
3Hrs/week = 42 Hrs
COURSE OBJECTIVE
This course aims at providing with basic general information concerning the most important
views and theories held in the past about the nature of the human person. In this course we will
concentrate upon various themes: the relation of the body to the soul, soul as one or two, the
power of the soul, soul’s power of knowing and loving, the immortality of the human person,
philosophical demonstration of the human soul. Reflection on these themes will certainly give
the students a better knowledge and understanding of themselves, and consequently of others.
This course could also serve as a good philosophical basis for the study of psychology.
Unit 1: General Introduction
Introduction to Anthropology, Concept Clarifications, Meaning of Anthropology, definition, the
scope of Anthropology, Classification of Anthropological sciences, main branches of
Anthropology
Unit 2: Approaches to the Study of Human Person
Western Approach to the Study of Human Person: Concept of Life, Sensation, Intellection, Will,
Soul and Body
Eastern Concept of Human Person: Vedic Concept of the Human, Concept of the Human in
Upanishads, Concept of the Human in the Bhagavad Gita, Buddhist and Jaina understanding of
the Human Person, Samkhya understanding of the Human Person
Unit 3: Scientific Anthropology
Physical Anthropology: Man and his origins, Ethnology and Prehistoric Archaeology, the
Question of Evolution
Unit 4: Social and Cultural Anthropology
Cultural anthropology in relation to physical anthropology, Prehistoric development of culture,
Physical type of culture, Habit and culture, Early Society and its Organization, The Mind of the
Primitive, Social Evolution.
Unit 5: Philosophical Anthropology
Introduction, Human life, knowledge, The problem of free-will, Language and communication,
Culture and civilization, Work and art and technology, Self transcendence, body, soul spirit,
person-hood and personality, The mystical dimensions and openness to the supernatural,
Survival after death – Immortality of the Soul
16
REFERENCE
Adams, William Y., The Philosophical Roots of Anthropology, Stanford, California: CSLI
Publications, 1998.
Aristotle, The complete works of Aristotle, Vols. 1 & 2, Oxford transl., ed. Barnes, Jonathan,
Princeton 1984.
Donceel, J. F., Philosophical Anthropology, New York: Sheed and Ward, 1967.
Haeffner, Gerd, The Human Situation: A Philosophical Anthropology, transl. Eric Watkins.
Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, 1989.
Kowalczyk, Stanislaw, An Outline of Philosophical Anthropology, Frankfurt am Main, Bern,
New York, Paris: Peter Lang, 1991.
Krapiec, Mieczyslaw A., I-Man: An Outline of Philosophical Anthropology, abridged version, by
Francis J. Lescoe and Roger B. Duncan, New Britain, CT: Mariel Publications, 1983.
Landmann, Michael, Philosophical Anthropology, transl. David J. Parent, Philadelphia: The
Westminster Press, 1974.
Mondin, Battista, Philosophical Anthropology, Bangalore: TPI, 1985.
Stevenson, Leslie, ed., The Study of Human Nature, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Sumner, Claude, The Philosophy of Man, Vols. I, II, III, New Delhi: Theological Publications in
India, 1989.
Sumner, Claude, The Philosophy of Man (3 vols.), Addis Ababa: Central Printing Press, 1975.
Therukattil, George, Becoming Human: A Study in Philosophical Anthropology, Bangalore: JIP,
2000.
Vergote, Antoine, In Search of a Philosophical Anthropology, transl. M.S. Muldoon. Amsterdam
Atlanta, GA: Lueven University Press, 1996.
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Philosophy - Semester VI – Paper 8
Philosophy of Being
Marks theory – 80, Internal Assessment 20 = 100
3Hrs/week = 42 Hrs
COURSE OBJECTIVE
The Philosophy of Being, or the First Philosophy, as Aristotle called it, enjoys a most privileged
position among the branches of the tree of knowledge, Indian as well as Western, since it makes
the almost superhuman effort and endeavor to understand being as being. Practically all other
departments of knowledge are concerned with being in one form or another, but First Philosophy
or Metaphysics takes upon itself the challenge of grappling with the most fundamental and
universal challenge of confronting the problem of being as such.
Unit 1: Definition and Nature of Metaphysics
Etymology, Definitions, Names and Scope
Starting point, Fundamental Notions and Principles
Methods
Unit 2: History of Western Metaphysics:
Evolution of Western Metaphysics from Pre-Socratic to Post-modern philosophy
Unit 3: History of Indian Metaphysics:
Evolution of Indian Metaphysics from Vedas through non-Vedic systems to Vedanta
Unit 4: Metaphysical Structure of Being
"Think" and "Thing": Being as Object of Human Intellect
The Scope of the Philosophy of Being
Existence and Essence
Language and Reality: The Aristotelian Categories, the Meaning of “Being”: Substance and
Kinds of Substance: Descartes; Leibniz; Spinoza; Kant
The Accidents
Causation and Causality: Material Causality; Formal Causality; Efficient Causality; Final
Causality; Hume and Kant on causation
Act and Potency: … the operative Level; … the essential level; … the existential level
Unit 5: The Analogy of Being and the Transcendentals
The Analogy of Being: Analogy of Attribution; Analogy of Proportionality
The Transcendentals: Unity, Truth, Goodness, Beauty
Unit 6: Systematic Study of the Text (for Assignment)
Detailed study of the Selected Texts of Aristotle on Categories or Metaphysics
Detailed study of the Selected Texts from the Commentary of Thomas Aquinas on Metaphysics
18
REFERENCE
Alvira, Thomas/ Clavell Luis/ Melendo Tomas, Metaphysics, Manila: Sinac Tala Publishers,
1982.
Aristotle, The Complete works of Aristotle 1 & 2, Oxford transl. & ed. Barnes, Jonathan,
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984.
Bogliolo, Luigi, Metaphysics, Bangalore: Theological Publications in India, 1987.
Coreth, Emerich, Metaphysics, New York: Herder and Herder, 1968.
Edwards, Paul, ed., Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Vol. 5 & 6, New York: Macmillan Publishing
Co., Inc. & the Free Press, 1972.
Garrett, Brian, What Is This Thing Called Metaphysics? Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2011.
Hamlyn, D.W., Metaphysics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
Hiriyanna, M., Outlines of Indian Philosophy, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1994.
Kaipayil, Joseph, An Essay on Ontology, Kochi: Karunikan Books, 2008.
Kaipayil, Joseph, Relationalism: A Theory of Being, Bangalore: JIP Publications, 2008.
Kim, Jaegwon & Sosa, Ernest, A Companion to Metaphysics, Cambridge: Blackwell Publishers
Inc, 1995.
Le Poidevin, Robin et al, eds., The Routledge Companion to Metaphysics, Abingdon, Oxon:
Routledge, 2011.
Lonergan, Bernard, Insight, New York: Longmans, 1965.
Owens, Joseph, An Elementary Christian Metaphysics, U.S.A.: Bruce Publishing Company,
1986.
Panthanmackel, George, Coming and Going: An Introduction to Metaphysics from Western
Perspectives, Bangalore: ATC, 1999.
Raju, P. T., Structural Depths of Indian Thought, New Delhi: South Asia Publishers, 1985.
Sider, Theodore et al, eds. Contemporary Debates in Metaphysics, Malden, MA: Wiley-
Blackwell, 2007.
Sinha, Jadunath, Outlines of Indian Philosophy, Calcutta: New Central Books Agency Ltd, 1996.
Thomas de Aquino, Commentary on Aristotle’s Metaphysics, Rowan, John P., transl. Indiana:
Dumb Ox Books, 1961.
Van Inwagen, Peter, Metaphysics, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.
Van Steenberghen, Fernand, Ontology, Louvain: Publications Universitaire, 1970.
Vineeth, Francis, Foundations of World Vision: A Guide to Metaphysics, Bangalore: Dharmaram
Publications, 1985.
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Philosophy - Semester VI – Paper 9
Philosophy of Religion
Marks theory – 80, Internal Assessment 20 = 100
3Hrs/week = 42 Hrs
COURSE OBJECTIVE
This course critically evaluates the concept of religion and the various concepts arise within a
religion. This course must help students not only to strengthen their own understanding through
their faith, but also to understand and dialogue with others. The course aims at describing,
analyzing and evaluating the role of religion in the life of the human since the earliest times, to
discover by rational interpretation of religion the truth of religious belief (especially in God) and
the value of religious attitudes and practices in human quest for growth and development.
Unit 1: General Introduction
The legitimacy of philosophical reflection on religion
Shift from ‘Theodicy’ to ‘Philosophy of God’
Objects of Philosophy of God
Philosophy of God and Theology
Nature and Origin of Religion
Method of philosophy of Religion
A Historical over-view of the development of philosophy of religion
Unit 2: Meaning and Reference of the Word ‘God’
Meanings and Meaning – Meaning and Reference – Direct and Indirect Reference – Negative
Way, Positive Way, and Way of Eminence
Meaning of ‘Brahman’
The Question of God in Buddhism and Jainism
Faith and Reason as Two ways to God
Trust in the Ability of Reason
Incapacity of the Reason
Unit 3: Proofs or Arguments for God’s Existence
Pre-Philosophical Arguments
Philosophical Arguments: The Ontological Arguments of Anselm, Descartes, Leibnitz;
The Cosmological Arguments of St. Thomas, Samuel Clarke; The Teleological Arguments of St.
Thomas, William Paley; Moral Argument of Kant
Indian Ways to God
Unit 4: Religious Experience, Religious Language and Symbols
Religious Language
Religious Experience
Via negative, Analogy
Symbols and Myths
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Unit 5: The problem of Evil and Atheism
The Problem of Evil: Faith Solutions, Philosophical Motifs, Process Solution, Karma theory
Atheism: Charvaka, August Comte, Friedrich Nietzsche, Albert Camus, Jean Paul Sartre,
Unit 6: Some of the Issues Related with the Philosophy of Religion
Religion and Culture; Religion and Secularization; Religion and Sociology; Religion and
Science; Religion and Morality; Religion and Politics; Religion and Economics
REFERENCE
Allen, Diogenes, and Eric O. Springsted, Philosophy for Understanding Theology, 2nd ed.
Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2007.
Aristotle, The Complete Works of Aristotle 1 & 2, Oxford transl., ed. Barnes, Jonathan,
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984.
Bogliolo, Luigi, Rational Theology, Bangalore: TPI, 1987.
Brightman, Edga, A Philosophy of Religion, New York: Greenwood Press, 1969.
Burrell, David B., “Philosophy” in The Blackwell Companion to Modern Theology, edited by
Gareth Jones, 34-46. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub., 2004.
Cahn, Steven M. and David Shatz, eds., Contemporary Philosophy of Religion, New York:
Oxford University Press, 1982.
Caputo, John D., Philosophy and Theology, Horizons in Theology, Nashville: Abingdon Press,
2006.
Craig, William Lane, Philosophy of Religion, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Davis, Stephen, T. ed., Encountering Evil: Live Options in Theodicy, Atlanta: John Knox Press,
1981.
De Vries, Hent, “Philosophia Ancilla Theologiae” in Bible and Critical Theory 5, no.3 (2009):
41.1-41.19.
Donceel, J. F., The Searching Mind: An Introduction to the Philosophy of God, London: Notre
Dame Press, 1979.
Dulles, Avery, “Apologetics I: History” in Dictionary of Fundamental Theology, edited by Rene
Latourelle and Rino Fisichella, 28-35, New York: St. Paul’s, 1990.
Evans, Stephen C., Philosophy of Religion: Thinking about Faith, England: Intervarsity Press,
1982.
Hartshorne, Charles, “A New Look at the Problem of Evil,” in Current Philosophical Issues, ed.,
F.C. Dommeyer, Springfield: Charles C. Thomas, 1966.
Hick, John, An Interpretation of Religion: Human Responses to the Transcendent, New Haven,
Conn.: Yale University Press, 1989.
Hick, John, Philosophy of Religion, New Delhi: Prentice- Hall, 1988.
Hick, John, Philosophy of Religion, New York: Prentice-Hall, 1973.
James, William, The Varieties of Religious Experience, New York: Dolphin Books, 1902.
John Paul II, Fides et Ratio, Mumbai: Pauline Publications, 1998.
21
Kachappilly, Kurian, God-Talk Reconstructed: An Introduction to Philosophy of God,
Bangalore: Dharmaram Publications, 2006.
Mackie, J.L., Miracle of Theism: Arguments for and against the Existence of God, Oxford:
Clarendon Press, 1982.
Palmer, Michael, The Question of God: An Introduction and Source Book, London: Routledge,
2001.
Sparrow, M.R., “The Proofs of Natural Theology and the Unbeliever” in American Catholic
Philosophical Quarterly 65, no. 2 (1991): 129-41.
Thomas Aquinas, Commentary on Aristotle’s Metaphysics, transl. Rowan, John P., Indiana:
Dumb Ox Books, 1961.
Whitehead, Alfred N., Religion in the Making, New York: Macmillan, 1926.
22
Philosophy - Semester VI – Paper 10
Ethics
Marks theory – 80, Internal Assessment 20 = 100
3Hrs/week = 42 Hrs
COURSE OBJECTIVE
This course deals with the nature of moral good and evil. This course enables the students to see
the natural moral law, the mouth-piece of which is a well-formed conscience. While general
ethics introduces students to the general principles of right reason and conduct, special ethics
deals with specific areas of human activity.
Unit 1: Ethics is a normative science of Human Conduct
Definition, Nature, Importance and Scope of Ethics
Relation of Ethics to Philosophy and Religion
Human acts as acts proceeding from man's deliberate freewill
Psychological basis of Ethics
Circumstances that affect man's intellect and will
Man's responsibility for those acts
Unit 2: Historical Over View of Ethics: Western and Indian
Ethics in Greek, Medieval, Modern and Contemporary Philosophy
Ethics in Ancient, Medieval, Modern and Contemporary Indian Philosophy
Unit 3: Moral Order and Moral Values
Existence of Moral Order and Moral Values
Explanations by Moral Positivism, Eudaimonistic, Hedonism, Utilitarianism, Kantian
Categorical Imperative and Indian Ethical theories
Right reason as norm for determining moral values that are rooted in man's Natural law
Radical Situation Ethics is unacceptable.
Unit 4: Conscience
What is Conscience?
Object, Motive and Circumstances
Formation of Conscience
Types of Conscience
Unit 5: Social Ethics
Man as a Social being - His fulfilment is found in society
Rights, Duties and Virtues
Suicide, Euthanasia, Abortion, Violence, Terrorism
Ethics and Marriage: Nature and purpose of marriage and Family
Familial ethics: Contraception; Sterilization; Mercy killing; Abortion and Artificial insemination.
Indian Social Ethics – the Ethics of Gita
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Unit 6: Political Ethics
Political theories - Man and the State
Some Politico-ethical problems: Appropriate form of government and its powers (legislative,
executive, judiciary); Welfare of the citizens, Civil laws and taxes; Private property, Labour and
wages
Revolution and Violence; Communism; Punishment
International Ethics: The United Nations (UNO)
International-Ethical Problems: Peace and Co-operation between the nations; Just war;
Industrialization and Ecology- Developed and Underdeveloped nations
Marxist-Communistic Ethics: Exposition and Criticism: i) Dialectical Materialism - Class
struggle and Revolution, - Stateless and Classless society; ii) Super-Structures of State, Religion
and Morality
Socialism
REFERENCE
Aristotle, Nichomachean Ethics, transl. J.A.K. Thomason, Baltimore, Maryland: Penguin Books,
1955.
Beauchamp, Tom L., Philosophical Ethics: An Introduction to Moral Philosophy, New York:
McGraw-Hill Company, 1982.
Brittle, Celestine N., Man and Morals, Milwaukee: The Bruce Publishing Company, 1950.
Bourke, Vernon J., Ethics, New York: The Macmillan Company, 1967.
Composta, Dario, Moral Philosophy and Social Ethics, Bangalore: TPI, 1988.
Cahn, Steven M. and Peter Markie, ed., Ethics: History, Theory, and Contemporary Issues,
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
Chackalackal, Saju, Unity of knowing and Acting in Kant, Bangalore: Dharmaram Publications,
2002.
Cooper, David E., Ethics: The Classic Readings, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1998.
Finnis, John, Fundamentals of Ethics, Oxford: Oxford Clarendon Press, 1983.
Foot, Philippa, Theories of Ethics, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1967.
Kant, Immanuel, Critique of Practical Reason, transl. Lewis White Beck, Indianapolis: Bobbs-
Merril, 1956.
Kant, Immanuel, Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals, transl. Lewis White Beck,
Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merril, 1959.
Freeman, J. Stephen, Ethics: An Introduction to Philosophy and Practice, U.K.: Wads worth
Thomson, 2000.
Mackenzie, John S., A Manual of Ethics, New York: Cosimo, 2005.
Mackenzie, John S., Hindu Ethics: A Historical and Critical Survey, H. Milford: Oxford
University Press, 1922.
Pazhayampalli, Thomas, Pastoral Guide, Krist Jyothi Publications, 1997.
Sharma, Ram, Outline of Ethics, Meerut, 1963.
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Singer, Peter, ed., A Companion to Ethics, Oxford: Blackwell, 1993.
Thiroux, Jaques, Ethics: Theory and Practice, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1995.
Callahn, Joan C. ed., Ethical Issues in Professional Life, New York: Oxford University Press,
1988.
Mappes, Thomas A. and Zembatty, Jane S., Social Ethics, Morality and Social Policy, New
York: McGraw-hill Inc., 1992.