Ssep Final

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P L E A S E U S E T H I S B O O K F O R R E F E R E N C E O N L Y . A N S W E R S W E R E C O M P I L E D

F R O M V A R I O U S N O T E S C R E A T E D F R O M P E O P L E W H O P R E P A R E D F O R T H E I R O W N

U S E . P L E A S E E X C U S E T Y P O E R R O R S , S P E L L I N G M I S T A K E S A S I T W A S T Y P E D

B Y N O N / M A R I N E R . P L E A S E E M A I L U S T H E C O R R E C T I O N S T O

C O R R E C T I O N S @ D I E S E L S H I P . C O M . T O O R D E R C A L L / S M S 9 9 6 2 7 7 7 1 1 1 / 0 9 7 8 6 6 2 6 2 3 7

1QACL2 SHIP SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

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SHIP SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

1. Sketch and describe a Dry powder Fire Extinguisher(b) Suggest why in certain instances carbon dioxide and dry powder can

be more of hazard than help in untutored hands. (5)

(c) Suggest why dry powder is more effective than carbon dioxide forswitchboard fires. (5)

2007/sr3 2010/sr2 2010/sr9

Dry powder acts to smother a fire in a similar way to a blanket. Owingto the great shielding properties of the powder cloud the operator canapproach quite close to the fire

The Sodium Bicarbonate powder will, due to the heat from the fire

produce CO2 which should further assist in smothering the fire.The Sodium Bicarbonate powder will, due to the heat from the fire

produce CO2 which should further assist in smothering the fire.The body contains approx. 4.5 kg of dry powder, this powder charge isprincipally Sodium Bicarbonate with some Magnesium Stearate added to

prevent the powder from caking. The CO2 bottle contains about 60mg ofCO2.When the plunger is depressed it pierces the CO2 bottle seal. CO2 then

blows out the powder charge.Range is about 3-4 metres and duration of discharge about 15 seconds

DRY-CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHERS.Dry-chemical extinguishers expel a finely powdered dry chemical which,

on striking flame, releases many times its volume in nontoxic fire


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extinguishing gases similar to CO2. The powder consists principally ofbicarbonate of soda which has been chemically processed to make if

free flowing. The extinguishers contain a cartridge of CO2 or nitrogen(depending on size) to expel the dry chemical.

These extinguishers can be used for electrical fires, both in rotatingmachinery and other equipment, since the powder is non-conducting and,

is some types, nonabrasive.

However, the powder remaining after the fire is extinguished isdifficult to clean from motor or generator windings.These extinguishers are effective on fires of flammable liquids in

vats and pools, spilled fires on floors, or in any situation where thecompound stream can be swept across the burning surface.

Where there is a possibility that personnel may be exposed to a dry-chemical discharge, suitable safeguards shall be provided to ensureprompt evacuation of such locations, and also to provide means for

prompt rescue of any trapped personnel.

The characteristics of carbon dioxide are such that certainprecautionary measures are necessary. So far as safety to life isconcerned, CO2, if not breathed in excessive amounts, is notdangerous, however, a concentrated atmosphere inhaled for several

minutes will produce suffocation, Breathing a higher concentrationthan 9 percent CO2 can render a person helpless almost immediately. AsCO2 can render a person helpless almost immediately. As CO2 design

concentrations for fire extinguishing generally exceed 25 percent, itIs potentially dangerous for personnel to the in an area protected by

a CO2 system. Also, the release of carbon dioxide into an enclosure

causes a blinding storm of small crystals AND BUILDS UP CO2concentration so rapidly that escape becomes nearly Impossible.

CO2 portable extinguishers are used primarily for small electricalfires (Class C) and have limited effectiveness On Class B fires. Their

use will be confined to Class B pool fires no greater than four squarefeet. Successful operation requires close approach due to theextinguishers characteristics short range (4 to 6 feet)

Effectiveness. CO2 is not effective on substances that contain theirown oxygen (oxidizing agents).Outside use. To be fully effective, the gas must be confined. For this

reason, CO2 is not as effective outside as it in a confined space.This does not mean that it cannot be used outside.Possibility of reignition. Compared with water, carbon dioxide has a

very limited cooling capacity. It may not cool the fuel below itsignition temperature and it is more likely than other extinguishing

agents to allow reflash.Hazards. Although carbon dioxide is not poisonous to the human system,it is suffocating in the concentration necessary for extinguishment. A

person exposed to this concentration would suffer dizziness andunconsciousness. Unless removed quickly to fresh air, the victim coulddie.

______________________________________________________________________


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2. (a) Describe with a sketch the working of a Dry powder portablefire extinguisher. (10)

116. With reference to equipment supplied to detect and combat cargohold fires in dry cargo ship;

(a) Describe, for a ship that carries dangerous cargo, the bridgebased detection arrangement; (10)

(b) State how fires are dealt with bearing in mind that cargo quantity

varies (10)2007/sr3 2006/sr4 2006/sr4 2010/sr9 2010/sr6

This system of smoke detection, alarm and Co2 flooding infrequentlyused for hold spaces and in some instances may be found as additionalfire fighting equipment for engine room.

For the detection of smoke 20 mm dia. Sampling pipes are led fromvarious compartments in the vessel to a cabinet on the bridge. Air isdrawn continuously through these pipes to the cabinet by suction fans,

which deliver the air through a diverting valve into the wheel house.When a fire breaks out in a compartment smoke issues from the

diverting valve into the wheelhouse, warning bridge personnel of the

outbreak.Simultaneously, an electronic smoke detector in the cabinet sets off

audible alarms, hence if the bridge is unoccupied (i.e. in port) thenotice of outbreak of fire is still obtained.With the cabinet is a dark chamber, where the sampling pipes terminate

in labeled chimneys. Diffused light illuminates strongly any smoke,issuing from a chimneys. Diffused light illuminates strongly any

smoke, issuing from a chimney, hence the compartment which is affectedby fire can easily be identified. Below the dark chamber in the


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cabinet is a well lighted compartment fitted with glass window andhinged flap cover. Inside this compartment, 13 mm dia glass tubes are

fitted which are the ends of sampling pipes, these glass tubesprotrude into metal chimneys in the dark. Chamber above. Small nylon

propellers are visible inside the glass tubes in the lighted portionof the cabinet and when the fans are in operation these propellers

will be seen to be continuously whirling indicating that the sampling

tube is clear.b) Change over valves are generally situated inside the lower portionof the cabinet, one for each of the sampling pipes. To flood an

affected compartment with Co2 gas, the operator would fires operate theappropriate change-over valve and secondary release the requisitenumber of Co2 cylinders for the compartment. Co2 gas would then pass

through the sampling pipe to the space in which fire exists.Only the number of cylinders required for the hold should be released.Free volume of affected cargo hold is to be calculated (total volume

of hold-volume of cargo) and 30% of which is required Co2 released.

Specific volume of free Co2 is taken as 0.56 m/kg. So according to

required volume of Co2, only that many cylinders are to be openedindividually for release into the cargo hold instead of gang release.Normally cylinders contain 45.2kg Co2 Number of bottles to be releasedcan be calculated easily from above data.

______________________________________________________________________

3. (a) Describe with the aid of a sketch the release arrangement for a

machinery space fixed fire fighting installation using CO2 State inyour answer any special need for rapid delivery of the gas and the

time permitted for discharge. (10)

(b) Explain why evacuation of the machinery space is considerednecessary before releasing. CO2 (10)

2007/sr3 2005/sr9 2010/sr9

AnswerQuick release valve (Figure) is held in place by a hinged linkagearrangement until released.


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Figure Valve type release

Bottle pressure is normally about 52 bar (750 Ib/in2) but this varieswith temperature. Bottles should not be stored where the temperatureis likely to exceed 55C. The seal/bursting discs are designed to

rupture spontaneously at pressures of 177 bar produced by atemperature of about 63C.

The master valve prevents CO2 released in this way from reaching theengine room. Gas is released by the relief arrangement on themanifold, into the CO2 space where, in the event that the release wascaused by a fire in the compartment, the fire would be extinguished.

QuestionState in your any special need for rapid delivery of the gas and the

time-permitted for discharge.

AnswerRapid injection of CO2 is necessary to combat an engine room fire

which has attained such magnitude that the space has to be evacuated.Hence the rule that 85% of the gas must be released within two

minutes. The quantity of gas carried (a) must be sufficient to give afree gas volume equal to 40% of the volume of the space except where

the horizontal casing area is less than 40% of the general area of thespace, or (b) must give a free gas volume equal to 35% of the entirespace, whichever is greater. The free air volume of air receivers may

have to be taken into consideration.

(b) Explain precautions to be taken prior release of CO2.

Answer


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Before releasing the CO2, personnel must be accounted for and theengine room must be in a shut down condition with all openings and

vent flaps closedThe closing of all engine room openings and vent flaps will prevent

entry of air to the space.All fans and pumps for fuel, can be shut down remotely as can valves

on fuel pipes from fuel service and storage tanks.

______________________________________________________________________

4. With respect to MARPOL 73/78, Annex II, Noxious liquid chemicals

are divided into categories;(a) State the number of categories, and what does each categorysignify (10)

(b) State the requirement of Procedures and Arrangements Manual, andwhat information is available. (10)

2009/sr9 2006-2007/srEMG 2005-2006/srEMG 2005/sr1 2010/sr9

Answer

Regulation 6Categorization and listing of noxious liquid substances and othersubstances

1. For the purpose of the regulations of this Annex, noxious liquidsubstances shall be divided into four categories as follows:

1. Category X: Noxious liquid substances X Which, if discharged

into the sea from tank cleaning or de-ballasting operations, are

deemed to present a major hazard to either marine resources or humanhealth and, therefore, justify the prohibition of the discharge into

the marine environment;

2. Category Y: Noxious liquid substances which, if dischargedinto the sea from tank cleaning or de-ballasting operations, aredeemed to present a hazard to either marine resource or human healthor cause harm to amenities or other legitimate uses of the sea and

therefore justify a limitation on the quality and quantity of thedischarge into the marine environment;

3. Category Z: Noxious liquid substances which, if discharged

into the sea from tank cleaning or de-ballsting operations, are deemed

to present a minor hazard to either marine resources or human healthand therefore justify less stringent restrictions on the quality and

quantity of the discharge into the marine environment;

4. Other substances: Substance indicated as OS (Other Substances)in the pollution category column of chapter 18 of the International

Bulk. Chemical Code which have been evaluated and found to falloutside category X, Y or Z as defined in regulation 6.1 of this Annexbecause they are, at present, considered to present no harm to marine

resources, human health, amenities or other legitimate uses* of thesea when discharged into the sea from tank cleaning or de-ballastingoperation. The discharge of bilge or ballast water or other residues

or mixtures containing only substances referred to as OtherSubstances shall not be subject to any requirements of the Annex.

The relevant text from the updated MARPOL Annex II is as follows:


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Regulation 14Procedures and Arrangements Manual

1. Every ship certified to carry substances of Category X, Y or Zshall have on board a Manual approved by the administration. The

Manual shall have a standard format in compliance with Appendix 4 tothis Annex.

In the case of a ship engaged in international voyages on which the

language use is not English, French or Spanish, the text shall includea translation into one of these languages.

2. The main purpose of the Manual is to identify for the ships

officers the physical arrangements and all the operational procedureswith respect to cargo handling, tank cleaning, slops handling andcargo tank ballasting and deballasting which must be followed in order

to comply with the requirements of this Annex.______________________________________________________________________5. With reference to SOLAS Chapter III,

(a) List the items to be included in muster lists and emergency

instructions. (4)

(b) List the items which were contained in the training manual of yourlast ship. (4)(c) Describe what maintenance are carried out on-board ships, of alllife saving appliances. (6)

(d) State the requirements for passenger muster stations. (3)(e) Describe the frequency of fire and boat drill, and how they shouldconducted. (3)

2009/sr12 2006-2007/srEMG 2007/sr9 2007/sr6 2007/sr5 2006/sr4 2005-2006/srEMG

2010/sr9 2010/sr4 2005/sr1

Muster list and emergency instructions1.The muster list shall specify details of the general emergency alarmand public address system prescribed by section 7.2 of the Code and

also action to be taken by crew and passengers when this alarm issounded. The muster list shall also specify how the order to abandon

ship will be given.

2.Each passenger ship shall have procedures in place for locating andrescuing passengers trapped in their staterooms.

3.The muster list shall show the duties assigned to the different

members of the crew including:1. Closing of the watertight doors, fire doors, valves, scuppers,

sidescuttles, skylights, portholes and other similar openings in the

ship;2. equipping of the survival craft and other life-saving

appliances;

3. Preparation and launching of survival craft;4. general preparations of other life saving appliances5. Muster of passengers;

6. use of communication equipment

7. manning of fire parties assigned to deal with fires; and


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8. Special duties assigned in respect to the use of fire fightingequipment and installastions.

4. The muster ust shall specify which officers are assigned to ensure

that life-saving and fire appliances are maintained in good conditionand are ready for immediate use.

5. The muster list shall specify substitutes for key persons who maybecome disabled, taking into account that different emergencies maycall for different actions.

6. The muster list shall show the duties assigned to members of thecrew in relation to passengers in case of emergency. These duties

shall include.1. Warning the passengers;2. Seeing that they are suitably clad and have donned their

lifejackets correctly;

3. assembling passengers at must stations;

4. keeping order in the passageways and on the stairways andgenerally controlling the movements of the passengers; and

5. ensuring that a supply of blankets is taken to the survivalcraft.

6. The muster list shall be prepared before the ship proceeds twosea. After he muster list has been prepared, if any change takes placein the crew which necessitates an alteration in the muster list, the

master shall either revise the list or prepare a new list.7. The format of the muster list used on passenger ships shall be

approved.

Regulation 20Operational readiness, maintenance and inspections1. This regulation applies to all ships. The requirements of

paragraphs 3 and 6.2 shall be complied with, as far as is practicable,on ships constructed before 1 July 1986.

2. Operational readinessBefore the ship leaves port and at all times during the voyage, alllife saving appliances shall be in working order and ready for

immediate use

3. Maintenance

3.1 Instructions for on-board maintenance of life-savingappliances complying with the requirements of regulation 36 shall

provided and maintenance shall be carried out accordingly.3.2The administration may accept, in lieu of the instructions

required by paragraph 3.1, a shipboard planned maintenance programme

which includes the requirements of regulation 36

4. Maintenance of falls


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4.1 Falls used in launching shall be turned end for end atintervals of not more than 30 months and be renewed when necessary due

to deterioration of the falls or at intervals of not more than fiveyears, whichever is the earlier.

4.2 The Administration may accept in lieu of the end for endingrequired in paragraph 4.1, periodic inspection of the falls and their

renewal whenever necessary due to deterioration or at intervals of not

more than four years, whichever one is earlier.

5. Spares and repair equipment

Spares and repair equipment shall be provided for life-savingappliance and their components which are subject to excessive wear orconsumption and need to be replaced regularly.

6. Weekly inspectionThe following tests and inspections shall be carried out weekly:

1. all survival craft, rescue boats and launching appliances

shall be visually inspected to ensure that they are ready for use;

2. all engines in lifeboats and rescue boats shall be run for atotal period of not less than 3 min provided the ambient temperatureis above the; minimum temperature required for starting and runningthe engine. During this period of time, it should be demonstrated that

the gear box and gear box train are engaging satisfactorily. If thespecial characteristics of an outboard motor fitted to a rescue boatwould not allow it to be run other than with its propeller submerged

for a period of 3 min, it should be run for such [period as prescribedin the manufacturers handbook. In special cases the Administration

may waive this requirement for ships constructed before 1 July 1986;

and 3. the general emergency alarm system shall be tested.

7. Monthly inspectionsInspection of the life-saving appliances, including lifeboat

equipment, shall be carried out monthly using the checklist requiredby regulation 36.1 to ensure that they are complete and in good order.A report of the inspection shall be entered in the log book.

8. Servicing of inflatable liferafts, inflatable lifejackets, marineevacuation systems, and inflated rescue boats

8.1 Every inflatable liferaft, inflatable lifejacket, and marineevacuation system shall be serviced.1. at intervals not exceeding 12 months, provided where in any case

this is impracticable, the Administration may extend this period to 17months; and

2. at an approved servicing station which is competent to service themmaintains proper servicing facilities and uses only properly trainedpersonnel.*

8.2 Rotational deployment of marine evacuation systems in addition toor in conjunction with the servicing intervals of marine evacuation

systems required by paragraph 8.1, each marine evacuation system


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should be deployed from the ship on a rotational basis at intervals tobe agreed by the Administration provided that each system is to be

deployed at least once every six years.8.3 An Administration which approves new and novel inflatable

liferaft arrangements pursuant to regulation 4 may allow for extendedservice intervals on the following conditions:

8.3.1 The new and novel liferaft arrangement has proved to

maintain the same standard, as required by testing procedure, duringextended service intervals.

8.3.2 The liferaft system shall be checked on board by

certified personnel according to paragraph 8.1.18.3.3 Service at intervals not exceeding five years shall

be carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the

Organization.*8.4 All repairs and maintenance of inflated rescue boats shall be

carried out in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.

Emergency repairs may be carried out on board the ship; however,

permanent repairs shall be effected at an approved servicing station.

8.5 An administration which permits extension of liferaft serviceintervals in accordance with paragraph 8.3 shall notify theOrganization of such action in accordance with regulation 1/5 (b)

9. Periodic servicing of hydrostatic release unitsHydrostatic release units, other than disposable hydrostatic releaseunits shall serviced:

1. at intervals not exceeding 12 months, provided where in anycase this is impracticable, the Administration may extend this period

to 17 months,* and

2. at a servicing station which is competent to service them,maintains proper servicing facilities and uses only properly trained

personnel.

10. Marking of stowage location

Containers, brackets, rocks, and other similar stowage locations forlife saving equipment shall be marked with symbols in accordance withthe recommendations of the Organization,1 indicating the devices stowed

in that location for that purpose. If more than one device is stowedin that location, the number of devices shall also be indicated.

11. Periodic servicing of launching appliances and on-load releasegear

11.1 Lounching appliances;

1. shall be serviced at recommended intervals in accordance withinstructions for on-board maintenance as required by regulation 36;

2. shall be subjected to a through examination at intervals notexceeding 5 years; and

3. Shall upon completion of the examination in .2 be subjected to

a dynamic test to the winch brake in accordance with paragraph6.1.2.5.2 of the Code.

11.2 Lifeboat on-load release gear shall be


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1. serviced at recommended intervals in accordance withinstructions for on board maintenance as required by regulation 36;

2. Subjected to a thorough examination and test during thesurveys required by regulation 1/7 and 1/8 by properly trained

personnel familiar with the system; and3. Operationally tested under a load of 1.1 times the total mass

of the lifeboat when loaded with its full complement of persons and

equipment whenever the release gear is overhauled. Such overhaulingand test shallbe carried out at least once very five years.*

Regulation 19Emergency training and drills

1 This regulation applies to all ships

2 Familiarity with safety installations and practice musters2.1 Every crew member with assigned emergency duties shall be

familiar with these duties before the voyage begins.

2.2 On a ship engaged on a voyage where passengers and scheduled

to be on board for more than 24 h, musters of the passengers shall

take place within 24 h after their embarkation. Passengers shall beinstructed in the use of the lifejackets and the action to take in anemergency

2.3 Whenever new passengers embark, a passenger safety briefing

shall be given immediately before sailing, or immediately aftersailing. The briefing shall include the instructions required byregulations 8.2 and 8.4, and shall be made by means of an

announcement, in one or more languages likely to be understood bypassengers. The announcement shall be made on the ships public

address system, or by other equivalent means likely to be heard at

least by the passengers who have not yet heard it during the voyage.The briefing may be included in the muster required by paragraph 2.2

if the muster is held immediately upon departure. Information cards orposters or video programmes displayed on ships viodeo displays may beused to supplement the briefing, but may not be used to replace the

announcement.

3. Drills

3.1 Drills shall, as far as practicable, be conducted as if there werean actual emergency.3.2 Every crew member shall participate in at least one abandon ship

drill and one fire drill every month. The drills of the crew shalltake place within.24 h of the ship leaving a port if more than 25% of the crew have not

participated in abandon ship and fire drills on board that particularship in the previous month. When a ship enters service for the first

time, after modification of a major character or when a new crew isengaged, these drills shall be held before sailing. The Administrationmay accept other arrangements that are at least equivalent for those

classes of ships for which this is impracticable.3.3 Abandon ship drill3.3.1 each abandon ship drill shall include:


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1. Summoning of passengers and crew to muster stations with the alarmrequired by regulation 6.4.2 followed by drill announcement on the

public address or other communication system and ensuring that theyare made aware of the order to abandon shipr

2. reporting to stations and preparing for the duties described in the

muster list;

3. checking that passengers and crew are suitably dressed, A checkingthat lifejackcts are correctly donned;

4. lowering of at least one lifeboat after any necessary preparationfor launching;

5. starting and operating the lifeboat engine;

6. operation of davits used for launching liferafts;

7. a mock search and rescue of passengers trapped in their staterooms;and

8. instruction in the use of radio life-saving appliances

3.3.2 Different lifeboats shall, as far as practicable, belowered in compliance with the requirements of paragraph 3.3.1.5 atsuccessive drills.

3.3.3 except as provided in paragraphs 3.3.4 and 3.3.5, eachlifeboat shall be launched with its assigned operating crew aboard and

manoeuvred in the water at least once every three months during an

abandon ship drill.

3.3.A lowering into the water, rather than lounching of a lifeboatarranged, forfree-fall launching, is acceptable where free-falllaunching is impracticable provided the lifeboat is free-fall launched

with its assigned operating crew aboard and manoeuvred in the water atleast once ever six months. However, in cases where it isimpracticable, the Administration may extend this period to 12 months

provided that arrangements are made for simulated launching which willtake place at intervals of not more than six months.

3.3.5 The Administration may allow ships operating on shortinternational voyages not to launch the lifeboats on one side if theirberthing arrangements in port and their trading patterns do not permit

launching of lifeboats on that side. However, all such lifeboats shallbe lowered at least once every three months and launched at least

annually.

3.3.6 As far as is reasonable and practicable, rescue boats other than

lifeboats which are also rescue boats, shall be launched each monthwith their assigned crew aboard and maneuvered in the water. In allcases this requirement shall be complied with at least once every

three months.


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3.3.7 If lifeboat and rescue boat launching drills are carried out

with the ship making headway, such drills shall, because of thedangers involved, be practiced is sheltered waters only and under the

supervision of an officer experienced in such drills.*

3.3.8 If a ship is fitted with marine evacuation systems, drills shallinclude exercising of the procedures required for the deployment ofsuch a system up to the point immediately preceding actual deployment

of the system. This aspect of drills should be augmented by regularinstruction using the onboard training aids required by regulation35.4 Additionally every system party member shall, as far as

practicable, be further trained by participation in a full deploymentof a similar system into water, either on board a ship or ashore, atintervals of not longer than two years, but in no case longer than

three years. This training can be associated with the deployments

required by regulation 20.8.2

3.3.9 Emergency lighting for mustering and abandonment shall be testedat each abandon ship drill.

3.4 Fire drills

3.4.1 Fire drills should be planned in such a way that due

consideration is given to regular practice in the various emergenciesthat may occur depending on the type of ships and the cargo.

3.4.2 Each fire drill shall include:1. Reporting to stations and preparing for the duties described in the

muster list required by regulation 8;2. Starting of a fire pump, using at least the two required jets ofwater to show that the system is in proper working order;

3. Checking of firemans outfit and other personal rescue equipment;4. checking of relevant communication equipment,5. Checking the operation of watertight doors, fire doors, fire

dampers and main inlets and outleft of ventilation systems in thedrill area; and6. checking the necessary arrangements for subsequent abandaig of the

ship.3.4.3 The equipment used during drills shall immediately be broughtback to its fully operational condition and any faults and defects

discovered during the drills shall be remedied as soon as possible.

4. On-board training and instructions

4.1 On-board training in the use of the ships life-saving appliances,

including survival craft equipment, and in the use of the ships fireextinguishing appliances shall be given as soon as possible but notlater than two weeks after a crew member joins the ship. However, if

the crew member is on a regularly scheduled rotating assignment to the


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ship, such training shall be given not later than two weeks after thetime of first joining the ship. Instructions in the use of the ships

fire-extinguishing appliances, life-saving appliances, and in survivalat sea shall be given at the same interval as the drills. Individual

instruction may cover different parts of the ships life-saving andfire-extinguishing appliances, but all the ships life-saving and

fire-extinguishing appliances, shall be covered within any period of

two months.

4.2 Every crew member shall be given instructions which shall include

but not necessarily be limited to:1. operation and use of the ships inflatable liferafts;2. problems of hypothermia, first-aid treatment for hypothermia and

other appropriate first-aid procedures;3. special instructions necessary for use of the ships life savingappliances in severe weather and severe sea conditions; and

4. Operation and use of fire-extinguishing appliances

4.3 On-board training in the use of davit-launched liferafts shalltake place at intervals of not more than foiir months on every shipfitted with such appliances. Whenever practicable this shall includethe inflation and lowering of a liferaft. This liferaft may be a

special liferaft intended for training purposes only, which is notpart of the ships life-saving equipment; such a special liferaftshall be conspicuously marked.

5. Records

The date when musters are held, details of abandon ship drill and fire

drills, drills of other life-saving appliances and on board trainingshall be recorded in such log look as may be prescribed by the

administration.

Regulation 20

Fire control plans* and fire drills(This regulation applies to all ships)

1. In all ships general arrangement plans shall be permanentlyexhibited for the guidance of the ships officers, showing clearly foreach deck the control stations, the various fire sections enclosed by

A class divisions, the sections enclosed by B class divisionstogether with particulars of the fire detection and fire alarmsystems, the sprinkler installation, the fire extinguishing

appliances, means of access to different compartments, decks, etc. andthe ventilating system including particulars of the fan control

positions, the position of dampers and identification numbers of theventilating fans serving each section. Alternatively, at thediscretion of the Administration, the aforementioned details may be

set out in a booklet, a copy of which shall be supplied to eachofficer, and one copy shall at all times be available on board in anaccessible position. Plans and booklets shall be kept up to date, any

alterations being recorded thereon as soon as practicable. Description


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in such plans and booklets shall be in the official language of theflag state. If the language is neither English nor French,

instructions concerning the maintenance and operation of all theequipment and installations on board for the fighting and containment

of fire shall be kept under one cover, readily available in anaccessible position.

2.In all ships a duplicate set of fire control plans or a bookletcontaining such plans shall be permanently stored in a prominentlymarked weather-tight enclosure outside the deckhouse for the

assistance of shore side fire-fighting personnel.*3. Fire drills shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions ofregulation 111/19

4. In ships carrying more than 36 passengers, plans and bookletsrequired by this regulation shall provide information regarding fireprotection fire detection and fire extinction based on the guidelines

issued by the Organization.11

______________________________________________________________________

6. State the various documents that a port State control officer wouldask for during PSC inspection.List of life saving appliances and fire fighting equipments which arelikely to be inspected by port state control officer.

2010/sr9 2010/sr4

Answer

At the initial inspection the port State control officer will, as aminimum and to the extent applicable, examine the following documents.

1. International Tonnage Certificate (1969);

2. Passenger Ship Safety certificate;3. Cargo ship Safety Construction certificate;4. Cargo Ship Safety Equipment Certificate;5. Cargo Ship Safety Radio-Certificate;

6. Exemption certificate and any list of cargoes (as per SOLAS II-2/53.1.3);7. Cargo Ship Safety Certificate;

8. Document of Compliance (SOLAS 74 , Regulation II-2/54)

9. Dangerous Goods, special list or manifest, or detailed stowageplan;

10. International Certificate of Fitness for the Carriage of Liquefied

Gases in Bulk, or the certificate of Fitness for the carriage ofLiquefied gases in Bulk, which-ever is appropriate;

11. International Certificate of Fitness for the Carriage of DangerousChemicals in Bulk, or the Certificate of Fitness for the Carriage ofDangerous Chemicals in Bulk, whichever is appropriate;

12. International Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate for theCarriage of Noxious substances in Bulk;14. International Load Certificate (1966)

15. International Load Line Exemption Certificate16. Oil Record Book, parts I and II;

17. Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan18. Cargo Record Book;


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19. Minimum Safe Manning Document;20. Certificates issued in accordance with STCW Convention;

21. Medical certificates (see ILO Convention No 73);22. Table of shipboard working arrangements (see ILO Convention No.

180 and STCW 95)23. Records of hours of work or rest of seafarers (see ILO Convention

No. 180)

24. Stability information;25. Copy of Document of Compliance and Safety Management Certificateissued in accordance with the International Management Code for the

Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollution Prevention;26. Certificates as to the ships hull strength and machineryinstallations issued by the classification society in question (only

to be required if the ship maintains its class with a classificationsociety);27. Survey Report Files (in case of bulk carriers or oil tankers);

28. For ro-ro passenger ships, information on the A/A-max ratio;

29. Document of authorization for the carriage of grain;

30. Special Purpose ship safety certificate;31. High Speed Craft Safety Certificate and Permit to Operate HighSpeed Craft;32. Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit Safety Certificate;

33. For oil tankers, the record of oil discharge monitoring andcontrol system for the last ballast voyage;34. The muster list, fire control plan, and for passenger ships, a

damage control plan, a decision-support system for the master (printedemergency plan);

35. Ships log book with respect to the records of drills including

security drills, and the log for records of inspection and maintenanceof lifesaving appliances and arrangements and fire fighting appliances

and arrangements;36. Reports of previous port State control inspections;37. Cargo securing Manual;

38. For passenger ships, List of operational limitations;39. For passenger ships, a Plan for co-operation with SAR services;40. Bulk Carrier Booklet,

41. Loading/Unloading Plan for bulk carriers;42. Garbage Management Plan;43. Garbage Record Book;

44. Certificate of insurance or any other financial security inrespect of civil liability for oil pollution damage.45. International Ship Security Certificate (ISSC);

46. Continuous Synopsis record.______________________________________________________________________

7. (a) List the items which are contained in the training manualpertaining to life saving appliances. (5)

(b) Describe the frequency of abandon ship drills and fire drills andhow they should be conducted. (5)(c) State the regulation regarding the maintenance of life boat

falls(5)


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(d) List the LAS the LSA to be carried by all ships (5)

2010/sr3 2009/sr12 2008/sr3 2008/sr1 2007/sr5 2007/sr1 2006/sr1 2006/sr4

2006/sr5 2006/sr9 2005/sr7 2010/sr9

Answer

List of items contained in the training manual of L.S.A.INFORMATION REGARDING DETAILED EXPLAINATION OF THE FOLLOWING

Donning instruction of lifejacket, immersion suit, thermal protectiveaids etc.Procedure to lower the survival craft i.e. life boat or rescue boat orlife raft Method of recovery of survival craft and rescue boat along

with stowage and securing

Methods of retrieval including helicopter rescue or with rescue gearsuch as slings baskets etc.

Any other function contained in muster list and emergency instrumentMethod of lowering of survival craft with person inside craft

Muster at assigned stationRelease from launching applianceIllumination of launching area

Use of survival equipmentUse of all detection equipment such as hand flares, rocket etc.Use and method of device for protection in launching areas.

Instruction for emergency repairs of life saving appliances

Best use of survival craft to survive

3.3 Abandon ship drill

3.3.1 Each abandon ship drill shall include.

1. Summoning of passengers and crew to muster stations with the alarmrequired by regulation 6.4.2 followed by drill announcement on thepublic address or other communication system and ensuring that they

are made aware of the order to abandon shipr2. reporting to stations and preparing for the duties described in th

muster list;

3. Checking that passengers and crew are suitably dressed; A checkingthat lifejackcts are correctly donned4. lowering of at least one lifeboat after any necessary preparation

for launching;5. Starting and operating the lifeboat engine;

6. Operation of davits used for launching liferafts;7. a mock search and rescue of passengers trapped in their staterooms;and

8. instruction in the use of radio life-saving appliances.

3.3.2 Different lifeboats shall, as far as practicable, be lowered in

compliance with the requirements of paragraph 3.3.1.5 at successivedrills.3.3.3 Except as provided in paragraphs 3.3.4 and 3.3.5, each lifeboat

shall be launched with its assigned operating crew aboard and

manoeuvred in the water at least once every three months during anabandon ship drill.


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3.3.A Lowering into the water, rather than launching of a lifeboat

arranged, for free-fall launching, is acceptable where free-falllaunching is impracticable provided the lifeboat is free-fall launched

with its assigned operating crew aboard and manoeuvred in the water atleast once every six months. However, in cases where it is

impracticable, the Administration may extend this period to 12 months

provided that arrangements are made for simulated launching which willtake place at intervals of not more than six months.

3.3.5 The administration may allow ships operating on shortinternational voyages not to launch the lifeboats on one side if theirberthing arrangements in port and their trading patterns do not permit

launching of lifeboats on that side. However, all such lifeboats shallbe lowered at least once every three months and launched at leastannually.

3.3.6 As far as is reasonable and practicable, rescue boats other than

lifeboats which are also rescue boats, shall be launched each monthwith their assigned crew aboard and manoeuvred in the water. In allcases this requirement shall be complied with at least once everythree months.

3.3.7 If lifeboat and rescue boat launching drills are carried outwith the ship making headway, such drills shall, because of the

dangers involved, be practiced in sheltered waters only and under thesupervision of an officer experienced in such drills.*

3.3.8 If a ship is fitted with marine evacuation systems, drills shallinclude exercising of the procedures required for the deployment of

such a system up to the point immediately preceding actual deploymentof the system. This aspect of drills should be augmented by regularinstruction using the on board training aids required by regulating

35.4. Additionally every system party member shall, as far aspracticable, be further trained by participation in a full deploymentof a similar system into water, either on board a ship or ashore, at

intervals of not longer than two years, but in no case longer thanthree years. This training can be associated with the deploymentsrequired by regulation 20.8.2.

3.3.9 Emergency lighting for mustering and abandonment shall be testedat each abandon ship drill.

3.4 Fire drills3.4.1 Fire drills should be planned in such a way that due

consideration is given to regular practice in the various emergenciesthat may occur depending on the type of ships and the cargo.3.4.2 Each fire drill shall include;

1. Reporting to stations and preparing for the duties described in themuster list required by regulation 8;2. Starting of a fire pump, using at least the two required jets of

water to show that the system is in proper working order;


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3. Checking of firemans outfit and other personal rescue equipment;4. Checking of relevant communication equipment;

5. Checking the operation of watertight doors, fire doors, firedampers and main inlets and outlets of ventilation systems in the

drill area; and6. Checking the necessary arrangement for subsequent abandoaing of the

ship.

3.4.3 The equipment used during drills shall immediately be broughtback to its fully operational condition and any faults and defectsdiscovered during the drills shall be remedied as soon as possible.

Maintenance of life boat fallsSOLAS CHAPTER III REGULATION 20

Falls used should be turned end to end at interval of not more than 30months and renewed when necessary due to deterioration of falls or atinterval not more than 5 years.

The administration may accept in lieu of end for ending required as

above a periodic inspection of falls and their renewal when it is

deteriorated or at interval not more than 4 years which ever isearlier.Radio life saving appliances. 2 ways radio telephone apparatusRadar transponder. Distress flares

Rocket parachutes. Personal life saving applianceLife buoyLife jackets

Immersion suitThermal protective aid

Survival craft

LifeboatsLife rafts

Rescue boatLine throwing apparatus______________________________________________________________________

8. Explain why weighted cocks fitted on tank sounding pipes,

AnswerCock and valves are designed to control or interrupt flow. This isdone is cocks by rotating the plug and in valves by lowering, raising

or rotating a disc in relation to a seating surface or by controllingthe movement of a ballCocks


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Figure Example of a sleeve-packed cock

A cock may be straight-through, right-angled or open-bottomed as

required by its situation in a pipe system. Its plug may be tapered orparallel with tightness achieved by lapping in or by resilient packingmaterial (Figure 4.a) often in the form of a ready made sleeve. In

machinery spaces, the short sounding pipes for fuel or lubricating oiltanks must be fitted with cocks having parallel as opposed to taperedplugs. This, together with the requirement for weighted handles which

will automatically close the cock when released, is for safety.Tapered plugs, when tightened to hold the cock open for sounding andthen forgotten, have contributed to fires when tanks have overflowed.

Remote operated gear for bilge valve

In the case of flooding of engine room it is not possible to operatethe valve from local position it can be operated remotelyEmergency bilge valve is operated remotely

Ventilation pipe

While deballasting air should entre from outside to prevent vacuumformation in tank and during ballasting air must escape to prevent

tank getting pressurized otherwise tank will collapse.During rolling and pitching tank level continuously changes since mass

of water movement which leads to development of air pr or vacuum. Atthis point air should entre to release vacuum or should go out toavoid over pressurization.

Gauze are made of some good conducting material such as copper M.S. orS.S.

They act as flame arrestor because of expanded surface of gauze flame

front will get cooled down and there by extinguish the flame thus


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preventing flame spark from outside from entering the tank andpreventing fire and explosion.

If the mesh size is too big then efficiency of flame trap will reduceand it will not serve the purpose for which it is fitted.

If too small it will get chocked due to rush cargo dust hence tankwill get pressurized and it will affect the functioning of vent

Hence tanks may over pressurizes or go into vaccum condition.

______________________________________________________________________9. Considering that the engine room is the most common single space onboard ship for fires to out, discuss the merits and demerits of

following fixed fire fighting systems:-(a) Carbon dioxide (7)(b) Pressure water spray (7)

(c) High expansion foam. (6)

2010/sr3 2009/sr12 2008/sr8 2007/sr2 2006/sr1 2006/sr6 2011/sr1

Answer(a) Carbon dioxide

MeritsGas is clean and causes no damageWell known and well understood

Simple to operateSuitable for machianary space and cargo spaceSuitable for deep rooted fire such as burring sludge

DemeritsIf sealing of compartment it not adequate then fire is not completely

extinguished

The space has to be completely evacuated if not then fatal for humanlifeNot suitable for smoldering fireIt has no-cooling effect

Delay before application due to evacuation of space is requiredEntry into space after extinguishing takes considerable time alongwith breathing apparatus is required

(b) Pressure water-sprayMerits

Good cooling effect on fire thus good knocking down property

It covers a large surface area in engine roomCan be applied without any delay

No need to evacuate the engine roomAdequate and uninterrupted supply of water is availablePersonal can be rescued very easily by entering the engine room

Immediate entry fire is extinguished.

Demerits

It affects certaing delicate equipmentCreates stability problem due to accumulation of water

Electrical equipment insulation resistance drops down


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(c) High expansion foamMerits

It is simple to operateVersatile

Does not damage any equipmentOnce positioned very little physical exertion is required

Has no stability problem

Has some cooling effect

Demerits

It will not flow against pressure above atom pressure thereforearrangement are to be made for venting the protected space whilst itis filled with foam.

Once engine room fire is developed since foam is put from top it iscarried away by convention currentHeat radiation rapidly destroys the foam surface there fore high

filling

Rate is required.

10. With reference to an automatic water sprinkler, fire detecting,alarm and extinguishing system for accommodation spaces :(i) Sketch a typical system

(ii)Describe the operation of this systemState the sources of water available

2010/sr7

Answer


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(ii) Describe the operation of this system

The sprinkler is an automatic fire detecting, alarm and extinguishingsystem that is constantly on guard to deal quickly and effectively

with any out break of fire that may occur in a accommodation or anyother spaces. The system shown (Figure) has a pressure tank which is

kept part-filled with fresh water and pressurized to 8 bar by

compressed air. When the pressure drops below 5.5 bar, a salt waterpump cuts in automatically so that if the sprinklers operate a supplyof water is maintained. Each installation is divided into sections

containing up to 200 sprinkler heads and each section has an alarmvalve. When a head comes into operation the non-return alarm valve for

the section opens and water flows to the sprinkler head. This non-return valve also uncovers the small bore alarm pipe lead and waterpasses through this small bore alarm pipe to a rubber diaphragm. Thewater pressure acts upon the diaphragm and this operates a switch

which causes a break in the continuously live circuit. Alarms, both

visible and audible, fitted in engine room, bridge are crew space arethen automatically operated.

Stop valves, A and B are locked open and if either of these valve areinadvertently closed switch will be operated that brings the alarmsinto operation. The alarm system can be tested by opening valve C

which allows a delivery of water similar to that of one sprinkler head

to flow to drain.


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State the sources of water available.Water is supplied from an air pressurized water tank (thus the system

functions without electrical power), this water is fresh water tominimize damage. The tank is half filled with water and the rest is

compressed air at pressure sufficient to ensure that all the water isdelivered to the highest sprinkler at sprinkler head working pressure.

Once this source of water is exhausted, falling main pressure is

detected by a pressure switch. This activates a sea water supply pump.A valve is fitted on the system to allow proper testing of thisfunction. After sea water has entered the system proper flushing with

fresh water is required to prevent corrosion.A shore connection may be connected to the system to allow functionduring dry-dock.

Describe the sprinkler head and its operation

Each sprinkler head is made up of a steel cage fitted with a waterdeflector, a quartzoid bulb, which contains a highly expansible

liquid, is retained by the cage. The upper end of the bulb pressesagainst a valve assembly which incorporates a soft metal seal. Whenthe quartzoid bulbs are manufactured, a small gas space is left inside

the bulb so that if the bulb is subject to head, the liquid expandsand the gas space diminishes. This will generate pressure inside thebulb and the bulb will shatter once a predetermined temperature (and

hence pressure) is reached. Once the bulb is shattered the valveassembly falls permitting water to be discharged from the head, whichstrikes the deflector plate and sprays over a considerable area.

State how the temperature rating of the sprinkler head is determinedGenerally the operating temperature range permitted for these bulbs is

68C to 93C but the upper limit of temperature can be increased. Thiswould depend upon the position where the sprinkler head or heads are

to be sited. Quartzoid bulbs are manufactured in different colours,the colour indicates the temperature rating for the bulb:e.g.: Rating colour: 68C Yellow; 93C Green.

(c) State the action that should be taken after the use of sea waterin the fire fighting system.

Answer

Sea water has entered the system proper flushing with fresh water isrequired to prevent corrosion


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______________________________________________________________________

11. State the causes of scavenge fire in a two-stroke engine andexplain how the possibility of such an occurrence can be reduced. If a

scavenge fire does occur what action should be taken? Discuss the useof CO2 and dry powder for extinguishing such a fire and describe a

fixed installation or applying one of these chemicals

2010/sr3 2009/sr3 2009/sr2 2009/sr1 2008/sr9 2008/sr? 2008/sr1 2005/sr72006-2007/srEMG

2007/sr2 2006/sr2 2006/sr3 2006/sr4 2005/sr1 2005/sr? 2010/12

2010/sr7 2010/sr6

SCAVENGE FIRE:Carbonized lube oil, unburned fuel oil and carbon from the residualproducts of the combustion spaces are accumulated in the scavenge

spaces with the running of the engine. Under certain faulty runningcondition of the engine, these may ignite causing afire in the

enclosed scavenge space, known as scavenge fire.

Factory Contribute to the Scavenge Fire:1. Blow past of combustion products caused by-

a) Leaky sticky or broken piston rings.b) Bodily worn out liner, scoring or scuffing at the liner surface

c) Faulty cylinder lubrication (i.e quantity, quality or timing)

d) insufficient exial clearance of piston rings

2. Overheated piston dissipates heat to the under piston area caused

bya) Faulty atomization and injection pressureb) Faulty fuel pump timing.

c) Loss of compressiond) Engine overload.

c) Failure of coolant circulation or insufficient cooling due toformation of scale.

3. Blow back of exhaust gases caused bya) Exhaust back pressure or carbon deposits on exhaust ports.b) Fouling of grid before turbine inlet1

c) Fouling of turbine blades.d) Choking of EGB or economizer gas outlet

4. Sometimes contain fuel oil due toa) Defective fuel injectorsb) Incorrect pressure setting of injectors.

c) Fuel particles landing on the cylinder liner.

5. Excessive cylinder lubrication which is drained down to the

scavenge spaces.6. Oxygen plentiful during engine operation.7. Fouled scavenge manifold.

Prevention of scavenge fire:1. Clean scavenge space and drain at regular interval.


28/146







2. Keep scavenge space drain open at regular interval.3. Excess cylinder lubrication must b avoided

4. In case of timed lubrication, the time has to be checked as perPMS.

5. Piston rings must be properly maintained and lubricated adequately.6. Piston rod stuffing box must be maintained to prevent oil ingress

in the scavenge space.

7. Prolong engine or any cylinder over loading must be avoided.8. Cylinder liner wear must be within admissible limit

Action to be taken:1. Reduce engine speed and inform bridge2. Cut off fuel supply to the affected unit and shut off valves

3. Cylinder lubrication is increased.4. Coolant flow through jacket and piston is maintained.5. Drains to be shut to prevent flow of spark in engine room.

6. Keep clear of scavenge space relief door to prevent human Injury.

As per regulation at least 2 bottles are to be installed forextinguishing fire one bottle is sufficient but for extinguishing firein all scavenge space 2 bottles may be needed.

Procedure of admission of CO2Stop engine, auxiliary blowerCover T/C suction filters

Shut all scavenge drains Open CO2 admission valve on respectivescavenge space.

Open the CO2 cylinder valve and admit CO2

Carry out boundary coolingFor extinguishing fire in scavenge space CO2 OR Dry powder can be used

CO2 is preferred followed by dry powderDry powder residue cleaning is difficult.


29/146








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______________________________________________________________________

12. With reference to MARPOL 73/78

(a) Which areas are recognized as special areas.

2009/sr3 2007/sr4 2007/sr2 2005/sr4 2010/sr7

Special area means a sea area where for recognized technical reasons

is relation to its ocean graphical and ecological condition and to theparticular character of its traffic the adoption of special mandatorymethods for the prevention of sea pollution by oil is required. For

the purpose of this Annex, the special areas are defined as follows:


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1. The Mediterranean Sea area means the Mediterranean Sea properincluding the gulfs and seas therein with the boundary between the

Mediterranean and the Black sea constituted by the 41N parallel andbounded to the west by the Straits of Gibraltar at the meridian of

00536W;2. The Baltic Sea area means the Baltic Sea proper with the Gulf of

Bothnia, the Gulf of Finland and the entrance to the Baltic Sea

bounded by the parallel of the Skaw in the Skagerrak at 5744.8N;3. The Black Sea area means the Black Sea proper with the boundarybetween the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea constituted by the

parallel 41N;4. The Red Sea area means the Red sea proper including the Gulfs ofSuez and Aqaba bounded at the south by the rhumb line between Ras si

Ane (1228.5N, 04319.6E) and Husn Murad (1240.4N, 04330.2E);5. The Gulfs area means the sea area located north-west of the rhumbline between Ras al Hadd (2230N, 05948E) and Ras al Fasteh

(2504N, 06125E);

6. The Gulf of Aden area means that part of the Gulf of Aden between

the red Sea and the Arabian Sea bounded to the west by the rhumb linebetween Ras si Ane (1228.5N, 04319.6E) and Husn Murad (1240.4N,04330.2'E) and to the east by the rhumb line between ras Asir(1150'N, 05116.9'E) and the Ras Fartak (1535'N, O5213'.8'E);

7. The Antarctic area means the sea area south of latitude 60S; and8. The North West European waters include the North Sea and itsapproaches, the Irish Sea and its approaches, the Celtic Sea, the

English Channel and its approaches and part of the North east Atlanticimmediately to the west of Ireland.

[The area is bounded by lines joining the following points: 4827'N onthe French coast 4827'N; 00625'W 4952'W 4952'N; 00744 W 5030'N;

012W 5630'N; 012W62N; 003 W62N on the Norwegian coast 5744.8'Non the Danish and Swedish coasts. 9 the oman area of the Arabian Seameans the sea aea enclosed by the following coordinates: 2230.00'N;

05948.00'E23 47.27'N; 06035.73'E 2240.62'N; 06225.29'E 2147.40'N;06322.22'

E20 30.37'N; 06252.41'E 1945.90'N; 06225.97'E 1849.92'N;06202.94'E17 44.36'N; 06105.53'E 1643.71'N; 06025.62'E 1603.90'N;

05932.24'E15 15.20'N; 05858.52'E 1436.93'N; 05810.23'E 1418.93'N;015727.03'

E14 11.53'N; 05653.75'E 1353.80'N; 05619.24'E13 45.86'N; 05554.53'E 1427.38'N; 005451.42'E 1440.10'N;

05427.35'E14 46.21'N; 05408.56'E 1520.74'N; 05338.33'E 1548.69'N;05332.07'E

E23 47.27'N; 06035.73'E 2240.62'N; 06225.29'E 2147.40'N;06322.22'16 23.02'N; 05314.82'E 1639.06'N; 05306.52'E]


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With respect to Annex 1 of MARPOL 73/78 Convention, state therequirements for pumping out.

Machinery space bilges;At sea

In portIn special areas

Discharges outside special areas

Any discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixtures from ships of 400gross tonnage and above shall be prohibited except except when all thefollowing conditions are satisfied.

1. The ship is proceeding en route;2. The oil mixture is processed through an oil filtering equipmentmeeting the requirements of regulation 14 of this Annex;

3. The oil content of the effluent without dilution does not exceed 15parts per million;4. The oily mixture does not originate from cargo pump room bilges on

oil tankers; and

5. The oily mixture, in case of oil tankers, is not mixed with oil

cargo residues.

Discharges in special areasAny discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixtures from ships of 400

gross tonnage and above shall be prohibited except except when all ofthe following conditions are satisfied:1. The ship is proceeding en route;

2. The oil mixture is processed through an oil filtering equipmentmeeting the requirements of regulation 14.7 of this Annex;

3. The oil content of the effluent without dilution does not exceed 15

parts per million;4. The oil mixture does not originate from cargo pump room bilges on

oil tankers; and5. The oil mixture, in case of oil tankers, is not mixed with oilcargo residues. 4 In respect of the Antarctic area, any discharge into

the sea of oil or oily mixtures from any ship shall be prohibited. 5Nothing in this regulation shall prohibit a ship on a voyage only partof which is in a special area from discharging outside a special area

in accordance with paragraphs 2 of this regulation.General requirements.Whenever visible traces of oil are observed on or below the surface of

the water in the immediate vicinity of a ship or its wake, governmentsof parties to the present Convention should, to the extent they arereasonably able to do so, promptly investigate the facts bearing on

the issue of whether there has been a violation of the provisions ofthis regulation. The investigation sho

Documents

Ssep Final