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G.S.CAPSULEFORSSCCGL201314Exam

AncientIndia Harappan Civilization was discovered in 19201922

when two of themost important siteswere excavated.These were Harappa on the banks of river Rawi inPunjabandMohenjodaroonthebanksoftheriverIndusinPakistan.

The GreatGranarymeasuring 169 feets 35 feets isthemostremarkablestructurefoundinHarappa.

Mohenjodero is derived from a sindhi word whichmeansmoundof thedead. ItwasexcavatedbyMr.R.D.Banerjeein1922intheLarkanadistrictofPakistan

BlackbanglesasthenameKalibangaindicatedwasfoundinKalibanga.

Lothalwasexcavatedin1957byMr.S.R.Rao.Itislocatedin Gujrat on the coastal flat of Gulf of Cambay. Anartificialbrickdockyardwasfoundherewhichsewedasthe main sea port for the people of Indus Valleycivilization.

AtBanwalilargequantityofbarley&mustardwasfound. Dholavira is the latest and one of the two largest

HarappansettlementinIndiatheotheroneinRakigarhiinHaryana.

The towns were based on Grid pattern street & lonescutting across one another at right angles dividing thecityintonumberofrectangularblocks.

The city was divided into too parts, the CITADEL afortified areawhichhoused important civic& religiouspublicbuildingsincludinggranariesandresidences.

RigVeda is the oldest of all the Vedas, contains 1017Suktas; contains 11 Balakhilya which makes totalnumberofSuktas1028;italsocontains10Mandals.

The mandalas II to VI are discribed to Gritsamada,Viswamitra,Vamadeva,Arti,Bhardwaja&Vasistha.

TheMandalasI,VIII,IX&Xarelatestmandalas. SamVedaiscollectionofhymstakenfromRigVeda&set

totunesforthepurposeofsinging. YajurVedaiscollectionofritualsforperformingdifferent

sacrifies.Itconsistsof40chapters&recitedbyapriestknown as Adhavaru. It is divided in two parts KrishnaYajurveda&SuklaYajurveda.

TheAltharvaVedaiscollectionofmagic,spell&charms,itcontainsmanypopularsupertitionsandalsocontainsnonAryanelements.

During the sixth century BC Indian history saw theestablishment of first territorial kingdom and secondphaseofurbanizationanddevelopmentinIndia.Duringthe period 16 major mahajanpadas emerged. Some ofthemaregivenbelow:

Mahajanapada CapitalMallas Kushinagar,PawaMagadha Rajgir,laterPatliputraAnga ChampaVajji VaishaliKashi VaranasiKoshala ShravastiVasta KaushambiAvanti Ujjain

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Shurasena MathuraMatsya ViratnagarGandhara TaxilaChedi Suktimati

Bimbisara founded theMagadhaEmpirewhobelongs toHaryanka Dynasty. Bimbisara was married to chellana,princessofthelichchavifamilyofVaishaliBimbisaraalsomarried Khema of the royal house ofMadra in Punjab.BimbisaradefeatedBrohamadattaofAngaandannexedthekingdom.

Both Buddhist and Jains claim that Ajatshatru wasfolloweroftheirreligicn.AccordingtotheMahavamsaheconstructed several chaityas and viharas. He wasinstrumental in convening the first Buddhist council atRajgriha.

Mahapadma Nanda was the powerful ruler of Nandadynasty who uprooted the Kshatriya dynasties in theNorth India.During this period onlyAlexander invadedIndia.

Jainism

According to jains tradition there were twenty fourTirthankaras(prophetsorgurur)or fordmakersacrossthestreamofexistence.ThefirstwasRishabhanathandthelast(twentyfourth)wasMahaviraVarhamana

Mahaviras original namewasVardhamana, hewasbornat Kundagrama in a suburb of Vaisali. Kunda grama ispresently known as Basukunda and is situated inMuzzaffarpurdistrict(Bihar).

Mahavira was married to Yashoda and had a daughter(Priyadarsa) whose husband, Jamali, became the firstdiscipleofMahavira.

Mahavira is alsoknownasArhantandKina (conqueror).Nirgantha (free of fetters). His fellowers were namedJain.

MahaviraattainedKaivalya(death)in468BCEattheageof 72 at Pava near Rajegriha. The place is said to bePavapuri (Bihar). Sudharman became the head of theJainSanghaafterhim.MainTenetsofJainismAspreachedbyMahavira:

ThePrincipleofJainism,aspreachedbymahavira,canbesummedupasfollows:

Mahavira refected the authority of the Vedas and theVedicrituals.

MahaviradidnotbelieveintheexistenceofGod. Headvocatedanaustereandsimplelifewiththeultimate

aimtoattainKaivalya(NirvanaorMoksha). Mahavira believed in Karma and the trans migration of

soul(atma). According to Jainism theworld consits of two elements:

Jiva(consciousbeing)andatma(theunconscious).

Jira acts, feels and wills. It suffers and dies. Atma isexternalandisbornandreborn.Mahavirabelievedthatthesoulisimmortal.

Man undergoes through successive births depending onhisKarma, in thepresentorpreviousbirthsonaccountofkarmasgoodorbad, thesoulcreates itsownpresentorfuture.

TheultimateaimofJivashouldbetogetridofthecycleofbirthandrebirthandattainnirvana.

The only way to nirvana his through the three Jevels(Triratna)Right faith, Right knowledge and Rightconduct.

ThethreemainjewelsofJainismwereRightfaith(Samyakdarshana),knowledge(Jana)andconduct(charitra).

Jains lay great emphasis on equality. Mahavira acceptedthe caste system yet he said thatmanmay be good orbad according to his karma and not on account of hisbirth.Fivevows/mainteachingsprescribedbyMahavirs:a)Ahimsa (nonviolence) violence should not be causedbywords,thoughtsandactions.b)Satyaoneshouldspeakthetruthandonlythetruth.c)Asateya(Nonstealing)stealinginanyformisbad.d)Aparigraha (NonPossession)Wealth and property inanyformshouldnotbeaccumulatedande)Brahmacharya (Chartity) all kinds of passions,emotionsanddesiresmustbeputundercontrol.

First Jain Council was held in Patliputra under theleadership of Sthulabahu in the beginning of the thirdcenturyBC.

SecondcouncilwasheldatValabhiinthe512BC.GautamBuddhaandBuddhism

Gautama or Siddhartha was born at Lumbinivan in 563BC. on the Vaisakha Purnima day in the royal grove atLumbini,nearKapilavastu.

TheRummindeiPillarinscriptionofAshokamarkssiteofBuddhasbirth.

HemarriedYasodhara.HehadsonnamedRahulTeachingsofBuddha/MainDoctrinesofBuddhism

He declared that everything was transitory orimpermanent.

His teachingsarebasedon the fournoble truths that theworldisfullofsorrow(dukkha);thattherearecauseofsorrow (dukkhaSamudava); that this sorrow can bestopped (dukkhaniradha); and the path leading to thecessation of sorrow (dukkhanirodha magaminipratiped).

The way to nirvana (emancipates), in Buddhism, or thepath that leads tocessationof suffering,higherwisdomandpeaceofmind,isknownasthenobleeightfeedpath.Buddhacoulditthemiddlepath(Majjhimamargga)asitavoided both the extremes of gross luxury and grimausterity.TheEightfoldpathsare:

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1)Right understanding, free from superstition anddelusion2)Right Thoughts, high and worthy of the intelligentearnestman3)Rightspeech,kind,open,truthful4)Rightaction,peaceful,honest,pure5)Right livelihood, bringing hurt or danger to no livingthing6)Righteffort,inselftrainingandinselfcontrol7)RightMindfulness,theactive,watchfulmind8)Rightconcentration,earnestthoughtonthedeep

IMPORTANTPOINTS

1. HarappanCivilizationdiscoveredin19212. ThelocalnameofMohanjodaroisMoundoftheDead3. TheIndusValleyCivilizationdiscoveredbyDRSahni4. PatnjaliisknownforthecompilationofYogaSutra5. SatyamevaJayatehasbeenadoptedfromwhichbook?

MundakaUparishad6. WhichVedacontainsanaccountonmagicalcharmsand

spells?Atharavaveda7. ThecityofPataliputrafoundbyUdayin8. BuddhabelongedtoSakyaclan9. BuddhaCharitawrotebyAsvaghosha10. ThelastMauryanemperorwasBrihadratha11. SakaerastartedbyKanishka(AD78)12. TheFirstkingissuedgoldcoinsinIndiabyIndoGreeks13. ThesubjectmatterofAjantapaintingpertainsto

Buddhism14. FirstmajorinscriptioninclassicalSanskritisthatof

Rudradaman15. WhichGuptaKingwasknownastheNapoleanofIndia?

SamudraguptaMedievalIndia

1. TheKhajurahotemplesbuiltbyChandela2. ThefourmathasinthefourcornersofIndiaby

Shankaracharya3. TheSomnathtempledestroyedbyMahmudGhaznavi,

wasdedicatedtoLordSiva4. IbnBatutatravelercomefromMorocco5. WhichSultanfoundedatownwherenowstandsAgra?

Sikandar6. TheauthorofAiniAkbariwasAbulFazal7. IbadatkhanaatFatehpurSikriwasbuiltbyAkbar8. TheSuntempleofKonarkwasbuildbyNarasimhadeva

(GangDynasty)9. IbnBatutaastheChiefQaziofDelhiwasappointedby

MohammadbinTughlaq10. DiwanIMustaKharajiwasestablishedbyAlauddin

Khaliji

ModernIndiaTheIndianNationalCongress(i)Formedin1885byA.O.Hume,anEnglishmanandaretiredcivilservant.(ii)FirstsessioninBombayunderW.C.Banerjeein1885(72delegatesattendedit).(iii)Inthefirsttwodecades(18851905),quitemoderateinitsapproachandconfidedinBritishjusticeandgenerosity.(Iv)ButtherepressivemeasuresoftheBritishgaverisetoextremistswithinCongresslikeBipinChandraPal,BalGangadharTilakandLalaLajpatRai(Lal,Bal,Pal).

PartitionofBengal

(i)ByLordCurzononOct16,1905,througharoyalProclamation,reducingtheoldprovinceofBengalinsizebycreatingEastBengalandAssamoutofrestofBengal.(ii)TheobjectivewastosetupacommunalgulfbetweenHindusandMuslims.(iii)Amightyupsurgesweptthecountryagainstthepartition.NationalmovementfoundrealexpressioninthemovementagainstthepartitionofBengalin1905.SwadeshiMovement(1905)(i)Lal,Bal,Pal,andAurobindoGhoshplayedtheimportantrole.(ii)INCtooktheSwadeshicallfirstattheBanarasSession,1905presidedoverbyG.K.Gokhale.(iii)Bonfiresofforeigngoodswereconductedatvariousplaces.FormationofMuslimLeague(1906)(i)Setupin1906undertheleadershipofAgaKhan,NawabSalimullahofDhakaandNawabMohsinulMulk.(ii)Itwasaloyalist,communalandconservativepoliticalorganizationwhichsupportedthepartitionofBengal,opposedtheSwadeshimovement,demandedspecialsafeguardstoitscommunityandaseparateelectorateforMuslims.DemandforSwaraj(i)InDec1906atCalcutta,theINCunderDadabhaiNaorojiadoptedSwaraj(Selfgovt)asthegoalofIndianpeople.SuratSessionofIndianNationalCongress(1907):(ii)TheINCsplitintotwogroupsTheextremistsandThemoderates,attheSuratsessionin1907.ExtremistswereledbyBal,Pal,LalwhilethemoderatesbyG.K.Gokhale.

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IndianCouncilsActorMintoMorleyReforms(1909)(i)Besidesotherconstitutionalmeasures,itenvisagedaseparateelectorateforMuslims.(ii)AimedatdividingthenationalistranksandatrallyingtheModeratesandtheMuslimstotheGovernment'sside.GhadarParty(1913)(i)FormedbyLalaHardayal,TaraknathDasandSohanSinghBhakna.(ii)HQwasatSanFrancisco.HomeRuleMovement(1916)(i)StartedbyB.G.Tilak(April,1916)atPoonaandAnnieBesantandS.SubramaniaIyeratAdyar,nearMadras(Sept,1916).(ii)Objective:SelfgovernmentforIndiaintheBritishEmpire.(iii)TilaklinkedupthequestionofSwarajwiththedemandfortheformationofLinguisticStatesandeducationinvernacularlanguage.Hegavetheslogan:SwarajismybirthrightandIwillhaveit.LucknowPact(1916)(i)HappenedfollowingawarbetweenBritainandTurkeyleadingtoantiBritishfeelingsamongMuslims.(ii)BothINCandMuslimLeagueconcludedthis(Congressacceptedtheseparateelectoratesandbothjointlydemandedforarepresentativegovernmentanddominionstatusforthecountry).AugustDeclaration(1917)(i)AftertheLucknowPact,aBritishpolicywasannouncedwhichaimedatincreasingassociationofIndiansineverybranchoftheadministrationforprogressiverealizationofresponsiblegovernmentinIndiaasanintegralpartoftheBritishempire.ThiscametobecalledtheAugustDeclaration.RowlattAct(March18,1919)(i)Thisgaveunbridledpowerstothegovt.Toarrestandimprisonsuspectswithouttrialfortwoyearsmaximum.ThislawenabledtheGovernmenttosuspendtherightofHabeasCorpus,whichhadbeenthefoundationofcivillibertiesinBritain.(ii)Causedawaveofangerinallsections.ItwasthefirstcountrywideagitationbyGandhijiandmarkedthefoundationoftheNonCooperationMovement.JallianwalaBaghMassacre(April13,1919)(i)PeoplewereagitatedoverthearrestofDr.KitchluandDr.SatyapalonApril10,1919.(ii)GeneralO'DyerfiresatpeoplewhoassembledintheJallianwalaBagh,Amritsar.(iii)Asaresulthundredsofmen,womenandchildrenwerekilledandthousandsinjured.

(iv)RabindranathTagorereturnedhisKnighthoodinprotest.SirShankaranNairresignedfromViceroy'sExecutiveCouncilafterthis.HunterCommissionwasappointedtoenquireintoit.(v)OnMarch13,1940,SardarUdhamSinghkilledO'DyerwhenthelaterwasaddressingameetinginCaxtonHall,London.KhilafatMovement(1920)(i)MuslimswereagitatedbythetreatmentdonewithTurkeybytheBritishinthetreatythatfollowedtheFirstWorldWar.(ii)Twobrothers,Mohd.AliandShaukatAlistartedthismovement.NoncooperationMovement(1920)(i)ItwasthefirstmassbasedpoliticalmovementunderGandhiji.(ii)CongresspassedtheresolutioninitsCalcuttasessioninSept1920.ChauriChauraIncident(1922)(i)AmobofpeopleatChauriChaura(nearGorakhpur)clashedwithpoliceandburnt22policemenonFebruary5,1922.(ii)ThiscompelledGandhijitowithdrawtheNonCooperationmovementonFeb.12,1922.SimonCommission(1927)(i)ConstitutedunderJohnSimon,toreviewthepoliticalsituationinIndiaandtointroducefurtherreformsandextensionofparliamentarydemocracy.Indianleadersopposedthecommission,astherewerenoIndiansinit.(ii)TheGovernmentusedbrutalrepressionandpoliceattackstobreakthepopularopposition.AtLahore,LalaLajpatRaiwasseverelybeateninalathicharge.HesuccumbedtohisinjuriesonOct.30,1928.LahoreSession(1929)(i)OnDec.19,1929underthePresidentshipofJ.L.Nehru,theINC,atitsLahoreSession,declaredPoornaSwaraj(Completeindependence)asitsultimategoal.(ii)OnDec.31,1929,thenewlyadoptedtricolourflagwasunfurledandan.26,1930wasfixedastheFirstIndependenceDay,wastobecelebratedeveryyear.RevolutionaryActivities(i)ThefirstpoliticalmurderofaEuropeanwascommittedin1897atPoonabytheChapekarbrothers,DamodarandBalkishan.TheirtargetwasMr.Rand,PresidentofthePlagueCommission,butLt.Ayerstwasaccidentallyshot.(ii)In1907,MadamBhikaijiCama,aParsirevolutionaryunfurledtheflagofIndiaatStuttgartCongress(ofSecondinternational).(iii)In1908,KhudiramBoseandPrafullachakithrewabombonthecarriageofkingford,theunpopularjudgeofMuzaffapur.Khudiram,KanhaiyalalDuttandSatyendranathBosewerehanged(AlipurCase).(iv)In1909,MLDhingrashotdeadCol.WilliamCurzonWhyllie,thepoliticaladvisorofIndiaOfficeinLondon.

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(v)In1912,RasbihariBoseandSachindraNathSanyalthrewabombandLordHardingeatDelhi(DelhiConspiracyCase).(vi)InOct,1924,ameetingofrevolutionariesfromallpartsofIndiawascalledatKanpur.TheysetupHindustanSocialistRepublicAssociation/Army(HSRA).(vii)TheycarriedoutadacoityontheKakoriboundtrainontheSaharanpurLucknowrailwaylineonAug.9,1925.

(viii)BhagatSingh,withhiscolleagues,shotdeadSaunders(Asst.S.P.OfLahore,whoorderedlathichargeonLalaLajpatRai)onDec.17,1928.ThenBhagatSinghandBatukeshwarDuttthrewabombintheCentralAssemblyonApr8,1929.Thus,he,RajguruandSukhdevwerehangedonMarch.23,1931atLahoreJall(LahoreConspiracyCase)andtheirbodiescrematedatHussainiwalanearFerozepur.In1931,ChandrashekharAzadshothimselfatAlfredParkinAllahabad.

DandiMarch(1930)(i)AlsocalledtheSaltSatyagraha.(ii)Alongwith78followers,GandhijistartedhismarchfromSabarmatiAshramonMarch12,1930forthesmallvillageDandhitobreakthesaltlaw.(iii)HereachedtheseashoreonApr.6,1930.(iv)HepickedahandfulofsaltandinauguratedtheCivilDisobedienceMovement.

FirstRoundTableconference(1930)(i)ItwasthefirstconferencearrangedbetweentheBritishandIndiansasequals.ItwasheldonNov.12,1930inLondontodiscussSimoncommission.(ii)BoycottedbyINC,MuslimLeague,HinduMahasabha,Liberalsandsomeotherswerethere.GandhiIrwinPact(1931)(i)ModerateStatesman,Sapru,JaikarandSrinivasShastriinitiatedeffortstobreaktheicebetweenGandhijiandthegovernment.(ii)Thetwo(governmentrepresentedbyIrwinandINCbyGandhiji)signedapactonMarch5,1931.(iii)InthistheINCcalledoffthecivildisobediencemovementandagreedtojointhesecondroundtableconference.(iv)Thegovernmentonitspartreleasedthepoliticalprisonersandconcededtherighttomakesaltforconsumptionforvillagesalongthecoast.SecondRoundTableConference(1931)(i)GandhijirepresentedtheINCandwenttoLondontomeetBritishP.M.RamsayMacdonald.(ii)However,thesessionwassoondeadlockedontheminoritiesissueandthistimeseparateelectorateswasdemandednotonlybyMuslimsbutalsobyDepressedClasses,IndianChristiansandAngloIndians.TheCommunalAward(Aug16,1932)(i)AnnouncedbyRamsayMcDonald.ItshoweddivideandrulepolicyoftheBritish.(ii)EnvisagedrepresentationofMuslims,Sikhs,IndianChristians,AngloIndians,womenandevenBackwardclasses.(iii)Gandhiji,whowasinYeravadajailatthattime,startedafastuntodeathagainstit.PoonaPact(September25,1932)(i)AftertheannouncementofcommunalawardandsubsequentfastofGandhiji,massmeetingtookplacealmosteverywhere.(ii)PoliticalleaderslikeMadanMohanMalviya,B.R.AmbedkarandM.C.Rajahbecameactive.(iii)EventuallyPoonapactwasreachedandGandhijibrokehisfactonthesixthday(Sept25,1932).(iv)Inthis,theideaofseparateelectorateforthedepressedclasseswasabandoned,butseatsreservedtothemintheprovinciallegislaturewereincreased.ThirdRoundTableConference(1932)(i)Provedfruitlessasmostofthenationalleaderswereinprison.ThediscussionsledtothepassingoftheGovernmentofIndiaAct,1935.DemandForPakistan(i)In1930,IqbalsuggestedthattheFrontierProvince,Baluchistan,SindhandKashmirbemadetheMuslimStatewithinthefederation.(ii)ChaudharyRehmatAligavethetermPakistanin1923.(iii)Mohd.AliJinnahofBombaygaveitpracticality.(iv)MuslimLeaguefirstpassedtheproposalofseparatePakistaninitsLahoresessionin1940.

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TheCrippsMission1942:InDec.1941,JapanenteredtheWorldWarIIandadvancedtowardsIndianborders.ByMarch7,1942,RangoonfellandJapanoccupiedtheentireSEAsia.TheBritishgovt.withaviewtogettingcooperationfromIndianssentSirStaffordCripps,leaderoftheHouseofCommonstosettletermswiththeIndianleaders.Heofferedadraftwhichproposeddominionstatustobegrantedafterthewar.RejectedbytheCongressasitdidntwanttorelyuponfuturepromises.Gandhijitermeditasapostdatedchequeinacrashingbank.TheRevoltof1942&TheQuitIndiaMovement:CalledtheVardhaProposalandLeaderlessRevolt.TheresolutionwaspassedonAug.8,1942,atBombay.GandhijigavethesloganDoorDie.OnAug9,theCongresswasbannedanditsimportantleaderswerearrested.Thearrestsprovokedindignationamongthemassesand,therebeingnoprogramofaction,themovementbecamespontaneousandviolent.Violencespreadthroughoutthecountry.Themovementwashowevercrushed.TheIndianNationalArmy:FoundedbyRasbehariBosewithCaptainMohanSingh.S.C.BosesecretlyescapedfromIndiainJain1941,andreachedBerlin.InJuly1943,hejoinedtheINAatSingapore.There,RasbehariBosehandedovertheleadershiptohim.TwoINAheadquarterswereRangoonandSingapore(formedinSingapore).INAhadthreefightingbrigadesnamedafterGandhiji,AzadandNehru.RaniJhansiBrigadewasanexclusivewomenforce.TheCabinetMissionPlan(1946):Thestruggleforfreedomenteredadecisivephaseintheyear194546.ThenewLabourPartyPM.LordAttlee,madeadeclarationonMarch15,1946,thatBritishCabinetMission(comprisingofLordPethickLawrenceasChairman,SirStaffordCrippsandA.V.Alexander)willvisitIndia.ThemissionheldtalkswiththeINCandMLtobringaboutacceptanceoftheirproposals.OnMay16,1946,themissionputtowardsitsproposals.ItrejectedthedemandforseparatePakistanandinsteadafederalunionconsistingofBritishIndiaandthePrincelyStateswassuggested.BothCongressandMuslimsLeagueacceptedit.FormationofInterimGovernment(Sept2,1946):BasedonCabinetMissionPlan,aninterimgovernmentconsistingofCongressnomineeswasformedonSept.2,1946.J.L.NehruwasitsVicePresidentandtheGovernorGeneralremainedasitsPresident.JinnahsDirectActionResolution(Aug16,1946):JinnahwasalarmedattheresultsoftheelectionsbecausetheMuslimLeaguewasindangerofbeingtotallyeclipsedintheconstituentassembly.Therefore,MuslimLeaguewithdrewitsacceptanceoftheCabinetMissionPlanonJuly29,1946.ItpassedaDirectactionresolution,whichcondemned

boththeBritishGovernmentandtheCongress(Aug16,1946).Itresultedinheavycommunalriots.JinnahcelebratedPakistanDayonMar27,1947.

FormationofConstituentAssembly(Dec9,1946):TheConstituentassemblymetonDec9,1946andDr.RajendraPrasadwaselectedasitspresident.

MountbattenPlan(June3,1947):OnJune3,1947,LordMountbattenputforwardhisplanwhichoutlinedthestepsforthesolutionofIndiaspoliticalproblem.TheoutlinesofthePlanwere:IndiatobedividedintoIndiaandPakistan.BengalandPunjabwillbepartitionedandareferenduminNEFPandSylhetdistrictofAssamwouldbeheld.TherewouldbeaseparateconstitutionalassemblyforPakistantoframeitsconstitution.ThePrincelystateswouldenjoythelibertytojoineitherIndiaorPakistanorevenremainindependent.Aug.15,1947wasthedatefixedforhandingoverpowertoIndiaandPakistan.TheBritishgovt.passedtheIndianIndependenceActof1947inJuly1947,whichcontainedthemajorprovisionsputforwardbytheMountbattenplan.PartitionandIndependence(Aug1947):AllpoliticalpartiesacceptedtheMountbattenplan.Atthetimeofindependence,therewere562smallandbigPrincelyStatesinIndia.SardarVallabhBhaiPatel,thefirsthomeminister,usedironhandinthisregard.ByAugust15,1947,alltheStates,withafewexceptionslikeKashmir,HyderabadandJunagarhhadsignedtheInstrumentofAccession.GoawaswiththePortugueseandPondicherrywiththeFrench.IMPORTANTQUESTIONS

1. WhowastheGovernorGeneralofBengal?WarrenHastings

2. ThetrademonopolyofEastIndiacompanywasendedbywhichact?CharterActof1833

3. AdigranthorGuruGranthSahebwascompiledbyGuruArjunDev

4. SatyarthPrakeshwaswrittenbySwamiDayanandSaraswati

5. ThetheoryofeconomicdraininhisbookPovertyandUnBritishRuleinIndiawasgivenbyDadaBhaiNaoroji

6. IndiawasofIndependence1857iswrittenbyBegumHazarat

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7. ThefirstIndiantobecomememberoftheBritishParliamentDadabhaiNaoroji

8. ThelastBritishViceroyofIndiaLordMountabatten9. Whorepresented1andthe2ndRoundTable

conference?MKGhandi

10. ForWhichmovementdidGandhijigivetheslogan,Do

OrDie?OuitIndiaMovement

11. WhichCommitteewasappointedbytheBritishGovernmenttoinvestigateinJallianwalaBaghmassacre?HunterCommission

12. WhowasknownastheFrontierGandhi?KhanAbdulGaffar

13. WhowascalledtheIronManofIndia?SardarBallabhbhaiPatel

14. TheleaderofBardoliSatyagrah(1928)wasSardarBallabhbhaiPatel

15. TheauthorofNeelDarpanwasDinbandhuMitra

HistoryCulture:ClassicalDancesofIndia:1. BharatNatyamTamilNadu;2. BihuAssam3. BhangraPunjab;4. ChhauBihar,Orissa,W.BengalandJharkhand;5. GarhwaliUttaranchal;6. GarbaGujarat;7. HattariKarnataka;8. KathakNorthIndia;9. KathakaliKerala;10. KutchipudiAndhraPradesh;

11. KhantummMizoram;12. KarmaMadhyaPradesh;13. LahoMeghalaya;14. MohiniattamKerala;15. MandoGoa;16. ManipuriManipur;17. NatiHimachalPradesh;18. NatNatinBihar;19. OdissiOrissa;20. RaufJammu&Kashmir;

GEOGRAPHY

IMPORTANTPOINTS

1. ThefirstpersontousethewordgeographywasErastosthenes(276194BC)

2. TheFirstpresentedtheIndiaontheworldmapTolmie

3. 10latitudegivetheseperatioof111kms4. 10Longitudeisequalto4(minutes)5. TheClosestcapitaltotropiccancerRanchi6. 3capitalsareabovetoTropicofCancerJaipur,

Aizwol,Agarthala7. Theatmospherelayerwhichreflectsradiowavesis

knownasLonosphere8. WhichStateisknownasthenameofBlackWater?

AndamanandNicobar9. WhichlatitudedividesIndiaintotwoparts?23010. ThelargestdeltaintheworldisThedeltaofGanga11. ThetypeofclimateinIndiaisMonsoon12. MostoftheironinIndiaisfoundinDharwarRocks13. OzonelayerisfoundinStratosphere14. RingoffirereferstoCircumPacificSeismicbelt15. WillyWillyisthetropicalcycloneoccurringinCoast

ofNorthwestAustralia

16. Onwhichriver,theBagliharHydropowrprojectislocated?Chenab

17. ThetermRugurreferstoBlackcottonSoil18. Whichtwopeninsularriversflowthroughtroughs?

NarmadandTapi19. HowmuchareadoesIndiacoverofthetotal

geographicalareaoftheworld?2.42%20. ThelengthoftheIndiancoastlineis7516.6km

SomeImportantBoundaryLinesDurandLine

BetweenPakistanandAfghanistan

Hinderbergline

BetweenGermanyandPoland

49thParallel

BetweenUSAandCanada

MacMohanLine

BetweenIndiaandTibet/China

MaginotLine

BetweenFranceandGermany

38thParallel

BetweenNorthandSouthKorea

OderNeisseLine

BetweenGermanyandPoland

RadcliffeLine

BetweenIndiaandPakistan

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17thParallel

BetweenIndaandPakistan(asclaimedbyPakistan)

ImportantNationalParkinIndia

1. KazirangaNationalParkGolaghat/Nagaon(Assam)2. ManasTigerSanctuaryBarpeta(Assam)3. KeoladeoNationalParkBharatpur(Rajasthan)4. SundarbansTigerSanctuary24Paraganas(West

Bengal)

5. BandhavgarhNationalParkShahdol(MadhyaPradesh)

6. KanhaNationalParkMandla(MadhyaPradesh)7. DudwaNationalParkLakhimpurKheri(Uttar

Pradesh)8. ChandraprabhaSanctuaryVaranasi(UttarPradesh)9. CorbettNationalParkNainital(Uttarakhand)10. RajajiNationalParkDehradun,(Uttarakhand)11. DachigamNationalParkSrinagar(Jammu&

Kashmir)12. RanthamboreTigerSanctuarySawaiMadhopur

(Rajasthan)13. GhatprabhaBirdSanctuaryBelgaum(Karnataka)14. BandipurNationalParkMysore(Karnataka)15. GirNationalParkJunagarh(Gujarat)16. NalSarovarBirdSanctuaryAhmedabad(Gujarat)17. HazaribaghNationalParkHazaribagh(Jharkhand)18. NelapattuBirdSanctuaryNellore(AndhraPradesh)19. MudumalaiSanctuaryNilgiris(Tamilnadu)20. PeriyarSanctuaryIdduki(Kerala)21. SimlipalTigerSanctuaryMayurbhanj(Odisha)22. GahirmathaTurtleSanctuaryKendrapara(Odisha)23. VikramshilaGangeticDolphinSanctuaryBhagalpur

(Bihar)24. SilentValleyNationalParkPalakkad,(Kerala)25. RaniJhansiMarineNationalParkAndaman&Nicobar

Island26. CampbellNationalParkAndaman&NicobarIslands27. GalatheaNationalParkAndaman&NicobarIsland28. MahatmaGandhiMarineNationalParkAndaman&

NicobarLargestProducersofcropsinIndia

1. ThelargestproducerofwheatinIndiaUttarPradesh2. ThelargestproducerofsugarcaneinIndiaUttar

Pradesh3. ThelargestproducerofgroundnutinIndiaGujarat4. ThelargestproducerofteainIndiaAssam5. ThelargestproducerofcoffeeinIndiaKarnataka6. ThelargestproducerofjuteinIndiaWestBengal

7. ThelargestproduceroftobaccoinIndiaAndhraPradesh

8. ThelargestproducerofbananasinIndiaTamilnadu9. ThelargestproducerofonioninIndiaMaharashtra10. ThelargestproducerofblackpepperinIndiaKerala

INDIANPOLITYIMPORTANTPOINTS

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1. TheConstitutionofIndiawasadoptedon26thNovember1949

2. TheConstituentAssemblyofIndiastartedfunctioningfrom:9thDecember,1946

3. TheConstituentAssemblytooktimetoframetheConstitutionofIndia2years11months18days

4. Theconceptofwrittenconstitution,firstbornwasUSA5. TheconstitutionofIndiaisPartlyrigid,partly

flexible

6. ThewordSecularismwasinsertedinthePreambleoftheIndianConstitutionby42ndAmendment

7. ThePreambletotheconstitutiondeclaresIndiaasAsovereignSocialistSecularDemocraticRepublic

8. TheitemEducationbelongstotheConcurrentList9. Howmanylanguageshaverecongnisedbythe

Constitution?2210. ThenumberofUnionTerritoriesinIndiais711. PartoftheIndianConstitutiondealswithFundamental

RightsPartIII12. ConstitutionalAmendmentdeletedtheRighttoProperty

fromthelistofFundamentalRights44thAmendment13. ArticlesofIndianConstitutionguaranteesfreedomto

pressArticle1914. InyearFundamentalDutiesofcitizenswereintroduced

by42ndAmendment197615. RashtrapatiBhawanwasdesignedbyEdwinLutyens16. APresidentialOrdinancecanremaininforceForsix

months17. InArticleoftheConstitutionofIndiacanbethe

PresidentofIndiabeimpeachedArticle6118. InIndia,thePresidentiselectedbySingle

TransferableVote19. ThefirstwomantobecomethePrimeMinisterofa

countrySirimavoBhandharnaike20. TheFatherofIndianeconomicreformManmohan

SinghRevolutionsTheserevolutionsaimattheincreasedproductionintherespectivesector.Whatarethey?REVOLUTIONS RELATEDPinkRevolution Onion,PrawnsYellowRevolution Oilseeds,(mustard,

Sunfloweretc.)BrownRevolution LeatherSilverRevolution Egg(Poultry)GoldenRevolution Honey,Apiculture,

HorticultureBlackRevolution PetroleumRedRevolution Tomato,MeatRoundRevolution PotatoGreyRevolution Fertilizer

BasicScience1. Pyrometerisusedformeasuringhighertemperature.2. Whenicemeltsinaglassofwater,thelevelofwaterin

glassremainsthesame.3. Ifashipentersintoseafromthelakethelevelofthe

shiprises.4. S.Iunitofheatisjoule,inC.G.Ssystemitiscalorie.5. Hopesexperimentprovesthedensityofwateris

maximumat4degreeCelsius.6. TheS.IunitoftemperatureisKelvin.7. Thermostatusedtomaintainaconstanttemperature.8. Absolutezero:273degreeCelsius.9. Absolutezero:460degreeFahrenheit10. At40degree,theFahrenheitandCentigradescalesare

equal.

VitaminChemicalNameDeficiencydisease1. ARetinolNightblindness2. B1ThiamineBeriBeri3. B2RiboflavinCheilosis4. B5NiacinPellagra5. B6PyridoxineConvulsionsinchild6. B12CynacobalaminPerniciousanemia7. CAscorbicAcidScurvy8. DCalciferolRickets9. ETocopherolSterility10. KPhylloquinoneHemophilia

SpecialGKHumanBody

1. WhoinventedElectroCardioGram(ECG)?Wilhelm

Eithovan2. WhatisthepHvalueofblood?7.43. Whatpresentinbloodhelpsinthetransportationof

oxygen?Hemoglobin4. Whatcarrieshormonestodifferentpartsofbody?

blood

5. Whichdiseaseisalsoknownas'ChristmasDisease'?Hemophilia

6. Whichbloodgroupisknownas'UniversalDonor'?Ogroup

7. Whichbloodgroupis'Universalrecipient'?ABgroup

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8. Whichistheonlyveininthehumanbodythatcarriespureblood?Pulmonaryvein

9. Whichisthelargestglandofhumanbody?Liver10. Whatistheaverageperiodofhumanpregnancy?36

38weeks

MISSLANEOUSGENERALKNOWLEDGE

1. EutrophicationisassociatedwithNitratesandPhosphates

2. Dryiceisthecondenseformof carbondioxide

3. Areductionreactioninvolves additionofnitrogen

4. Anantiknockforpetrolis

Leadtetraethyl5. Thesystemsofgovernmentisbicentralismanessential

featureis Federalsystem6. Monopolistresortstopricediscriminationdependingupon

theElasticityofdemand7. Economicplanningisanessentialfeatureof

Socialisteconomy8. TheCentralDrugReasearchInstituteofIndiaislocatedat

Lucknow9. Thecerealswasamongthefirsttobeusedbyman

Wheat10. Ifaresistivewireiselongated,itsresistance

increases11. Thesweettasteoffruitsisdueto

Fructose12. ThethreetierPanchayatRajsysteminIndiawas

proposedbythe BalwantRaiMehtaCommittee

13. UndertheArticleoftheConstitutionisthePresidentsRuleintroducedinaStateduetothefailureoftheconstitutionalmachinery Article356

14. BrownRevolutionis GrowthoffoodprocessionandsoftdrinksindustriesinIndia

15. GoldenRevolutionrefersto Horticulture

16. Rustingofironrequires oxygenandwater

17. TheBreakEvenpointisTotalrevenueequalstotalcost

18. ThemethodofImpeachmentofthePresidentofIndiaisadoptedfrom U.S.A

19. Generally,thesoilofthenorthernplansofIndiahasbeenformedby Aggradation

20. HiuenTsangvisitedIndiaduringthereignofHarshavardhana

21. ThecommunalelectoratewasintroducedforthefirsttimeinIndiain 190922. SeabreezeisformedduringDaytime23. Ageostationarysatelliterevolvesroundtheearthfrom

WesttoEast24. Cementisformedbystronglyheatingamixtureof

Limestoneandclay25. Glassisa Supercooledliquid26. Lambertslawisrelatedto

Illumination27. TheDraftingoftheConstitutionwascompletedon

26thJanuary,195028. ThejudgesoftheSupremeCourtretireattheageof:

65years29. ThecallofBacktotheVedaswasgivenby:

SwamiDayanandSaraswati30. Reddatabookgivesinformationaboutspeciesare:

Endangered31. ThetimeperiodofapendulumwhentakentotheMoon

would: Increase32. Whitelungdiseaseisprevalentamongtheworkersof:

Pesticideindustry33. Anartificialecosystemisrepresentedby

Aquarium34. Theoptimumdissolvedoxygenlevel(inmg/litre)required

forsurvivalofaquaticorganismsis:4635. TheSystemofDyarchywasintroducedinIndiain

191936. ThemineralsisfoundinMonazitesandisThorium37. WhichplantiscalledHerbalIndianDoctor?

Amla38. ThepHofHumanbloodis

7.439. Opticalfibresarebasedonthephenomenonof

TotalInternalReflection40. Mirageisanexampleof

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Refractionandtotalinternalreflectionoflight

41. TheelementwhichisusedforvulcanizingrubberSulphur

42. FortheelectionofPresidentofIndia,acitizenshouldhavecompletedtheageof

35years43. AmemberofParliamentwilllosehismembershipof

ParliamentifheiscontinuouslyabsentfromSessionsfor60days

44. WhichwasdescribedbyDr.B.R.AmbedkarastheHeartandSouloftheConstitution?

RighttoConstitutionalRemedies

45. AnindividualsactualstandardoflivingcanbeassessedbyDisposablePersonalIncome

46. FahienvisitedIndiaduringthereignofChandraguptaII47. ThelandlockedseaisAralSea48. Hydrogenbombisbasedontheprincipleof

Uncontrolledfusionreaction49. Tropospheristhehottestpartoftheatmospherebecause

ItisheatedbytheEarthssurface50. TheoutermostlayeroftheSuniscalledCorona51. Thetissueinmanwherenocelldivisionoccursafterbirthis

Nerves52. ThewarmbloodedanimalsareWhales53. SyrinxisthevoiceboxinBirds54. ThelargestecosystemoftheEarthisBiome

55. Whichtypeofglassisusedformakingglassreinforced

plastic Fibreglass56. WhocoinedthewordGeography?

Eratosthenese

57. TheecologicalhotspotofIndiaisWesternGhats58. ThetermMicroEconomicsandMacroEconomicswere

coinedby J.M.Keynes59. Tetraethylelead(TEL)isAnantioxidant60. APresidentialOrdinancecanremaininforce

Forsixmonths