758 Chapter 22

Chapter 22Review and Assessment

Key Terms1. Anarchists would be against the United

States government because they oppose any organized form of government.

2. Americans began to fear that many immigrants were communists and spies, leading to a period of suspicion and violence called the Red Scare.

3. They wanted to reduce alcohol use in the United States.

4. During the 1920s, bootleggers made a living by smuggling liquor into the United States from Canada and the Car-ibbean.

5. An investor would not want to pur-chase stocks on margin when the price of a stock was going down.

Comprehension and Critical Thinking6. (a) Harding was a firm supporter of

business and appointed people to office who shared his views. Some of the people he appointed, however, were corrupt and dragged down his admin-istration in scandal. Coolidge was known for his honesty and integrity. He restored public trust in government by cooperating with the investigations into the Harding White House. (b) Answers will vary. Students may say that Coolidge made the better presidential candidate because economic times were good during his administration and because he cleaned up the scandals of the Harding administration. Harding would have made a weaker candidate because he would have had to answer for the scandals during his administra-tion.

7. (a) When a nation follows an isolation-ist foreign policy, it tends to withdraw from world affairs and deal mostly with domestic affairs. (b) Answers will vary. Students who say that the United States had an isolationist foreign policy may point out that the United States did not join the League of Nations and played a lesser role in world affairs than other major nations. Students who say that the United States did not have an isola-tionist policy may point out that the United States participated in interna-tional conferences that promoted peace and disarmament. It also interfered in the affairs of smaller countries when

the intervention protected American interests.

8. (a) The United States limited the number of immigrants admitted from Eastern and Southern Europe and prohibited immigration from Asia. It deported many foreigners. (b) Many Americans were worried that the culture of the Unit-ed States was being overwhelmed by immigrants, and that immigrants would compete for their jobs. (c) Possible answer: The artist felt that Sacco and

Vanzetti were innocent. In the painting, Sacco and Vanzettti are portrayed as non-threatening.

9. (a) Businesses encouraged the public to spend more by making installment buy-ing, or buying on credit, easier and attractive. (b) If the economy soured and people lost their jobs, they would not be able to pay off their debts incurred by buying on credit. That could pull down the economy.

CHAPTER 22 Review and Assessment

758 Chapter 22 The Roaring Twenties

Key TermsAnswer the following questions in complete sentences that show your understanding of the key terms.

1. Why would anarchists oppose the U.S. government?

2. How did communism abroad affect immi-grants in the United States?

3. Why did many in the United States support prohibition?

4. How did bootleggers make a living during the 1920s?

5. When would an investor not want to purchase stocks by buying on margin?

Comprehension and Critical Thinking6. (a) Compare Compare the presidencies of

William Harding and Calvin Coolidge.(b) Make Predictions Who would have made a stronger presidential candidate for the Republicans in the 1924 election, Harding or Coolidge? Why?

7. (a) Describe What is an isolationist foreign policy?(b) Evaluate Information In your opinion, describe whether the United States did or did not have an isolationist foreign policy during the 1920s.

8. (a) Recall What action did the U.S. government take against immigrants and foreigners in the 1920s?(b) Summarize Why did the government take those actions against immigrants and foreigners?

(c) Draw Conclusions What point of view is represented by the artist who painted the pic-ture of Sacco and Vanzetti shown on this page?

9. (a) Identify How did businesses make it easy for people to spend more money during the 1920s?(b) Explain Problems How did that “easy money” threaten the security of the economy?

History Reading Skill10. Clarify Understanding Choose one major por-

tion of text from this chapter. Summarize that text, including its main ideas and essential details. Paraphrase to put the ideas into your own words.

Writing11. Write two paragraphs about one of the follow-

ing topics:• The problems that might arise from an econ-

omy built on credit• The image of women during the 1920sYour paragraphs should:• include an introduction and a thesis

statement;• use facts and examples to develop your ideas;• end with a sentence that draws a conclusion

about your topic.When you are finished, exchange papers with another student. Correct errors. Make sure the ideas flow logically.

12. Write a Magazine Ad:You are a writer for a magazine. The year is 1920. Your assignment is to write the text for an ad for one of the new consumer products (such as a refrigerator or a mah-jongg set).

Skills for LifeInterpret Economic DataUse the graphs on the Skills for Life, “Interpret Economic Data,” page to answer the following questions.

13. What happened to personal income between the years 1921 and 1922?

14. Did the average income for farmers follow a similar trend during the years 1921–1922?

15. Which group of Americans had more changes in their incomes during the 1920s? Why do you think this happened?

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Chapter 22 759

Chapter 22Review and Assessment

History Reading Skill10. Answers will vary, but should demon-

strate an ability to summarize and para-phrase as well as show an understand-ing of the key points of the text.

Writing11. Students’ paragraphs should address

one of the two topics. An introduction and a thesis statement should open the paragraphs and there should be sup-porting facts and examples. Paragraphs should end with a conclusion sentence.

12.Text should properly advertise the chosen consumer product.

For complete four-point rubrics, see the writ-ing rubrics in the Teaching Resources.

Teaching Resources, Unit 7, p. 100

Skills for Life13. It stabilized at around 62 billion dollars.14. Farmers’ incomes rose slightly between

1921 and 1922.

Chapter Review and Assessment 759

Document 2: In 1905, Commissioner General of Immigration Francis Sargent made the comments quoted below. In 1921 and again in 1924, Congress enacted laws that limited the number of immigrants allowed to enter from certain nations. These laws remained in effect until 1965. What do you think Sargent meant by saying the nation would suffer from indigestion?

For: Self-test with instant helpVisit: PHSchool.comWeb Code: mva-7226

3. How did magazines, radio, and movies help shape new values during the 1920s?A by reminding consumers to save moneyB by encouraging consumers to move to the cityC by popularizing the latest products for living

the good lifeD by encouraging consumers to borrow money

Task: Look at Documents 1 and 2, and answer their accompanying questions. Then, use the documents and your knowledge of history to complete the following writing assignment:

Use the evidence given here to discuss immigration during the early twentieth century. In your essay, explain whether or not you think that people’s views have changed since the early 1900s.

Document 1:What years showed the greatest increase in immi-grants to the United States? The greatest decrease?

Immigrants Admitted Into the United States, 1900–1930

Num

ber o

f Im

mig

rant

s(in

thou

sand

s)

01900

Year1905 1910 1915 1920

250

750

500

1,000

1,250

19301925

Source: Yearbook of Immigration Statistics, 2003

“Put me down in the beginning as being fairly and unalterably opposed to what has been called the open door, for the time has come when every American citizen who is ambitious for the national future must regard with grave misgiving the mighty tide of immigration that, unless something is done, will soon poison or at least pollute the very foun-tainhead of American life and progress. Big as we are and blessed with an iron constitution, we cannot safely swallow such an endless-course dinner, so to say, without getting indigestion and perhaps national appendicitis.”

—Francis Sargent, “Are We Facing an ImmigrationPeril?” New York Times, January 29, 1905

1. Which term best describes what “Teapot Dome” meant to the Harding administration?A boonB successC scandalD annoyance

2. How does jazz reflect the spirit of the 1920s?A Most of the music had a tender, quiet quality.B The music was based on folk melodies.C The music was energetic and expressive.D The music encouraged musicians to play old

ballads.

15. Farmers saw more ups and downs, while others saw more of a steady rise because farmers were struggling with high debt, overproduction, and low foreign demand.

Test Yourself1. C2. C

3. C

Document-Based QuestionsAnswersDocument 1 The greatest increase in immigrants took place between 1900 and 1905. The greatest decrease occurred between 1910 and 1915.Document 2 that the nation could not handle the influx of new immigrants long termRubric: Write an EssayShare the rubric with students before they begin writing.Score 1 Ideas unclear, organization poor.Score 2 Essay has few details about immi-gration in the early twentieth century, fails to explain whether or not people’s views have changed.Score 3 Essay accurately explains whether or not people’s views have changed, has clear organization, and some details about immigration in the early twentieth century. Possible details: immigration laws, the Red Scare, deportationScore 4 Essay is comprehensive and detailed with clear organization and sup-porting details, shows creativity.

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