SS5H1 The student will explain the causes, major events, and consequences of the Civil War. a....
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The American Civil War What do the terms “civil war” mean?
SS5H1 The student will explain the causes, major events, and consequences of the Civil War. a. Identify Uncle Tom’s Cabin and John Brown’s raid on Harper’s
SS5H1 The student will explain the causes, major events, and
consequences of the Civil War. a. Identify Uncle Toms Cabin and
John Browns raid on Harpers Ferry, and explain how each of these
events was related to the Civil War. b. Discuss how the issues of
states rights and slavery increased tensions between the North and
South. c. Identify major battles and campaigns: Fort Sumter,
Gettysburg, the Atlanta Campaign, Shermans March to the Sea, and
Appomattox Court House. d. Describe the roles of Abraham Lincoln,
Robert E. Lee, Ulysses S. Grant, Jefferson Davis, and Thomas
Stonewall Jackson. e. Describe the effects of war on the North and
South.
Slide 3
Slavery grew in the South after the invention of the cotton gin
by Eli Whitney. The most important crop in the South was cotton.
Slavery is when a person is owned by another person. Slaves were
from all races. See next slide for a 3-min. video on slavery (on P-
drive).
Slide 4
Slide 5
Slide 6
The many differences between the North and South divided the
two regions. The economic system was the main cause of conflict.
Economics is based on the production, distribution, and consumption
of goods and services.
Slide 7
Norths economy consisted of a few farmers but mostly factories
which produced textiles, shoes, tools, and other goods. Souths
economy was mostly based on farming.
Slide 8
The different economies in the North and South led to
disagreements between the regions about tariffs. A tariff is a tax
on imported goods.tariff Tariffs were good for the North but did
not help the South. Tariffs made imported goods more expensive than
local goods. Therefore the consumers would buy their local goods
more often.
Slide 9
Slide 10
John C. Calhoun of South Carolina argued against tariffs. He
believed the Constitution did not allow the federal government to
create tariffs. He argued for states rights. States rights is the
idea that states, not the federal government, should make the final
decisions about matters that affect them.
Slide 11
Disagreements over tariffs, slavery, and other economic issues
increased sectionalism in the North and South. Sectionalism is
loyalty to one part of the country. Sectionalism increased because
of arguments over tariffs and slavery.
Slide 12
The North and South were headed toward war. It began with
arguments about the power of the national and state governments.
Can you make a connection here to the Bill of Rights? The Causes of
War
Slide 13
Slide 14
With a partner, discuss the differences between the north and
south at this time.
Slide 15
The tensions between the North and South increased because of
the Missouri Compromise, The Compromise of 1850,The Abolitionist
Movement and Uncle Toms Cabin, Kansas-Nebraska Act, The Dred Scott
Decision, John Browns Raid, and States Rights versus Federal
Power.
Slide 16
In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson bought the Louisiana
Territory from France. The purchase opened up new land for white
settlement. Before the Louisiana Purchase, the United States only
stretched as far west as the Mississippi River. Following the
Louisiana Purchase, the nation had to decide whether or not to
allow slavery further west. In 1820, Missouri applied to become a
state. The Missouri Compromise allowed Missouri to enter the Union
as a slave state while Maine entered as a free state. All those
south of the same border would be slave states. The Missouri
Compromise helped keep peace between those who opposed slavery and
those who supported it. SOwhat does this all mean? Discuss with a
neighbor.
Slide 17
Slide 18
Discuss what you learned about the Missouri Compromise and the
rising tension between the north and south.
Slide 19
Thinking Maps: Discuss the similarities and differences between
the north and south at this time. Use a thinking map of your choice
(Venn Diagram, Double Bubble, T-Chart) to note the similarities and
differences.
Slide 20
Partner Talk: Review what you learned yesterdaywhat are some
events that led to the rising tension between the north and the
south.which eventually led to the Civil War?
Slide 21
Uncle Tom's Cabin Was Released Uncle Tom's Cabin or Life Among
the Lowly was written in 1852 by Harriet Beecher Stowe. Stowe
-abolitionist (add to word wall) Showed Evils of Slavery (very
graphic) Best seller- had a huge impact on the way that northerners
viewed slavery Helped further the cause of abolition Abraham
Lincoln recognized that this book was one of the events that led to
the outbreak of the Civil War.
Slide 22
Slide 23
How do you think this made abolitionists feel? Discuss this
with a partner. They became even more determined to end slavery.
They believed that all slaves were treated as badly as those in
Uncle Toms Cabin. What do you think? Slave owners- Angry and argued
that not all slaves were treated cruelly. Second highest-selling
book in the 19 th century, after the Bible.
Slide 24
Lets Review! With a partner, discuss the rising tension between
the north and the south.
Slide 25
Slavery became a big issue when California became a state in
1850. Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky helped work out another
important compromise. The Compromise of 1850 allowed California to
enter the Union as a free state. What is the difference between a
free state and a slave state? Let people in the Utah and New Mexico
territories decide the issue by popular sovereignty (add to word
wall). People in these territories would be allowed to vote on
whether or not to allow slavery. In order to get southerners to
agree, the compromise included the Fugitive Slave Law. Stated that
northerners must return runaway slaves to their southern masters.
How did northerners feel about this? Hated it and disobeyed it
Slide 26
Slide 27
1854- Congress passed a law called the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
People in Kansas and Nebraska territories could decide by popular
sovereignty whether or not to have slaves. Tell your neighbor what
popular sovereignty is. Upset a lot of people because under the
Missouri Compromise, these territories were supposed to be free.
Soon after the law was passed, Kansans who supported slavery and
those who were against it began fighting. Violence was so bad that
the territory became known as Bleeding Kansas. How do you think The
Kansas- Nebraska Act made the north and south feel? LED TO
INCREASED TENSION!
Slide 28
Slide 29
Were there any risk takers who took action? After his master
died, a slave named Dred Scott sued for his freedom. Connection: Do
you think he has the right to sue according to what we learned in
the Bill of Rights? Why? Do you think he won? Discuss these
questions in your table groups. The United States Supreme Court
ruled against him. It stated that Scott was not a citizen and had
no right to sue. The Court also said that slave masters cannot be
denied of their property (their slaves) without due process. Which
amendment that we studied stated this? Discuss which amendment in
your groups.
Slide 30
The decision meant that a slave master could keep his or her
slaves even if they entered a free state What effect do you think
this had on abolitionists? Discuss the cause/effect relationship.
THEY WERE FURIOUS! The Dred Scott Decision also upset people who
supported popular sovereignty because it interfered with the rights
of states to decide their own slave laws. Which amendment in the
Bill of Rights would address this? Many people in the South were
pleased with this decision. WHY???
Slide 31
Slide 32
Stephen Douglas supported the Dred Scott Decision. Abraham
Lincoln opposed it. Douglas believed in popular sovereignty for the
new territories. Discuss popular sovereignty with a neighbor.
Lincoln was against allowing slavery to expand west. Who do you
think won the election and why? Douglas wins the election.
Partner Talk: Sowhat happened in Harpers Ferry, Virginia? What
effect did it have on current events?
Slide 37
John Browns Raid took place in 1859. John Brown was a white
abolitionist. Why do you think this is significant? Thought the
only way to end slavery was by force. Planned a raid (21 white and
black men) They raided the United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry,
Virginia What is an arsenal? Brown wanted to give the weapons to
slaves who could use them to fight for freedom. Plan failed when
army troops surrounded the arsenal. Soldiers killed some of the
raiders and captured Brown. Lt. Col. Robert E. Lee and his troops
turned him in. Government hanged John Brown a few days later. What
learner profile words and attitudes would YOU use to describe
Brown? Northerners called Brown a hero Southern slave owners
thought he was an example of how dangerous abolitionists had
become.
Slide 38
Slavery became the main issue in the presidential Election of
1860. The Democratic Party split. Northern Democrats supported
Stephen Douglas, who favored popular sovereignty. Southern
Democrats wanted a pro-slavery candidate. Republicans hoped to stop
the spread of slavery into new territories. Why? Who do you think
were the people who mainly supported the Republicans?
Abolitionists! They supported Abraham Lincoln. Why do you think
southerners did not want Lincoln as president ? They feared he
would try to end slavery. Who do you think won the election?
Lincoln won the election. South Carolinas governor said that if
Abraham Lincoln won the election, the state would not leave the
Union. But on December 20, 1860, South Carolina seceded, or
withdrew from the Union.
Slide 39
South Carolina Mississippi Alabama Georgia Florida Louisiana
Texas After seceding from the Union, these states formed the
Confederate States of America.
Slide 40
Slide 41
Who was mainly against slavery- the north or south? What did
factory owners, merchants, bankers, and workers need from the
south.? The cotton and tobacco crops were grown by slaves. Some
people were afraid that if slavery ended, jobs would be taken away
from whites. Why? For these reasons, many in the North thought of
slavery was wrong, but did not try to end it Why not? Most
Northerners did not want to go to war over slavery. In your
opinion, would you want to go to war? Why or why not? Discuss this
with a neighbor.
Slide 42
Without slavery, what would happen to crops and plantations?
Discuss in your groups. South- believed that each state should be
allowed to decide for itself about slavery. What do you call this?
States rights- People fighting for states rights believed that the
federal government should not make laws about things such as trade
with Europe and slavery. Many also wanted slavery in new states.
Congress decided if new states would be free or slave states. This
just ended in more conflict. When the people of a state were
allowed to decide if it was a free or slave state, it was called
what? Popular Sovereignty
Slide 43
Southern states -wanted to buy factory goods from Europe
instead of the North. Why? Also wanted to punish the North for
fighting slavery How would this affect the economy in the north?
Northern states passed laws to tax (tariffs) goods from Europe,
making them expensive. South- felt the tax violate their states
rights. Do you agree? They threatened to leave the Union
Slide 44
Slide 45
Partner Talk: Discuss the different views and economies in the
north and south. Discuss the increasing tension during this time
period. Review graphic organizers.
Slide 46
Slide 47
Slide 48
Slide 49
Slide 50
President Lincoln wanted to preserve the Union (North). This
was his MAJOR GOAL!!! He did not like the fact that southern states
had seceded. However, many in the North did not want a war. Most
northerners wanted the president to convince the South to remain
with the Union peacefully. Others wanted to let the South go and
take slavery with it. What would you do if you were President
Lincoln? Event if he wanted to, Lincoln did not have enough support
to use force against the South. If there was going to be a war, the
South would have to start it.
Slide 51
In 1861-Union still had troops at Fort Sumter, South Carolina.
South decided that it wanted the Union forces gone. Confederates
(South) opened fire on the fort, forcing the Union troops to
surrender and leave. The Confederacy made many northerners angry
because they now viewed the Union as under attack. Do you think
this gained more support for Lincoln? Lincoln now had the support
that he needed for the war. The Civil War between the states had
begun. Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers to fight for the Union.
The Confederacy called for volunteers as well. Slave states that
had not yet seceded had to decide which side to support.
Slide 52
Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, and the western portions of
Virginia voted to stay with the Union. North Carolina, Arkansas,
Tennessee, and most of Virginia joined the Confederacy.
From July 1 to July 3, 1863, 90,000 Union troops under General
George G. Meade battled 75,000 Confederate troops under General
Robert E. Lee at the Battle of Gettysburg in Pennsylvania. Over
51,000 men were killed, wounded, missing, or captured at
Gettysburg, the most of any battle in the war. Confederate Army
never recovered and never invaded the North again.
In 1864, Lincoln appointed Ulysses S. Grant overall commander
of the Union army. General William T. Sherman- in charge of his
western forces Sherman marched into Georgia Wanted to reach Atlanta
Why? Was a huge railroad hubIf Sherman took Atlanta, he could hurt
the Souths ability to ship supplies and men Confederate Army was
not strong enough to stop him Sherman finally took Atlanta in
September. His successful Atlanta Campaign placed the city under
Union Control.
Slide 60
Slide 61
Increased support for President Lincoln in the North Before
Atlanta, many Northerners wanted to replace Lincoln with a
president who would negotiate with the South and end the war After
Shermans success, Northerners believed the war could be won and
re-elected Lincoln.
Slide 62
Sowhat is Shermans March to the Sea??? After taking Atlanta,
Sherman ordered much of the city burned! He then began a march from
Atlanta to Savannah that became as his March to the Sea On its way
to the coast, Shermans army burned buildings, destroyed rail lines,
set fire to factories, and demolished bridges. Why would he do this
after they had already been successful in the Atlanta Campaign?
Discuss this with a neighbor. Sherman hoped to end the Souths
ability to make and ship supplies Without supplies, the South would
have to surrender. People in Savannah were so scared by the news of
the destruction that they surrendered to Sherman without a
fight.
Slide 63
Slide 64
General Ulysses S. Grant (U for Union- North)knew he had more
men than General Robert E. Lee (Confederacy- South for slaves) The
Union and Confederacy fought in many bloody battles In just a few
months- over sixty thousand of Grants soldiers were dead or
wounded. Did Grant give up? NO! Lee did not have as many soldiers-
retreated Grants troops surrounded the Confederate Army in Virginia
General Lee elected to surrender. On April 9, 1865, Robert E. Lee
surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse.
Slide 65
Slide 66
Robert E. Lee Jefferson Davis Thomas Stonewall Jackson Ulysses
S. Grant Abraham Lincoln
Slide 67
Southern leaders argued that each state had the right to decide
for itself whether or not to allow slavery. What is this called???
States Rights and POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY Slavery -main issue in the
Presidential Election of 1860. Democratic Party split- Northern
Democrats supported Stephen Douglas, who favored popular
sovereignty. Southern Democrats wanted a pro-slavery candidate.
Republicans hoped to stop the spread of slavery into new
territories- abolitionists Supported Abraham Lincoln Why did
southerners not support Abraham Lincoln??? Discuss this with a
neighbor and share.
Slide 68
Lincoln won! What happened after Lincoln won the election?
Which state was the first to secede from the Union? South
Carolina,Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Louisiana, and
Texas Together, these states declared themselves a new nationtell
your neighbor what this nation was called. The Confederate States
of America. Who was the President of the nation? Jefferson
Davis
Slide 69
Slide 70
On April 14, 1865, Lincoln was shot by actor John Wilkes Booth
Booth sided with the Confederates. Lincoln died the next morning
Lee had surrendered in Appomattox Court House just five days before
Would this have changed the outcome of the war? Discuss this in
your groups.
Slide 71
Video clip on Abraham Lincoln
http://www.history.com/topics/abraham-lincoln-
assassination/videos#abraham-lincoln
http://www.history.com/topics/abraham-lincoln-
assassination/videos#abraham-lincoln Lincolns Assassination:
http://www.history.com/topics/abraham-lincoln-
assassination/videos#lincoln-the-diary-of-john- wilkes-booth
http://www.history.com/topics/abraham-lincoln-
assassination/videos#lincoln-the-diary-of-john- wilkes-booth
Slide 72
Robert E. Lee was in the U.S. Army-which later became the Union
Army Resigned from the U.S. Army to become the commander of the
Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in 1860 In 1865, he became
the commander-in-chief of the Confederate Army. Surrendered to
General Grant four months later
Slide 73
Fall of 1862- Confederate General Robert E. Lee tried to invade
the North Tried to keep his invasion a secrethowever, Union
soldiers found a copy of his plans in an abandoned camp Armies met
in Maryland and fought the Battle of Antietam Why is this
important??? Watch the video on the next slide.
Slide 74
Go to http://www.history.com/videos/robert-e- lee#robert-e-lee
for a short video clip.http://www.history.com/videos/robert-e-
lee#robert-e-lee
Slide 75
Battle of Antietam -bloodiest single day of war Union stopped
Lees invasion Forced the Confederates to retreat into Virginia
Cause and Effect- What did this victory mean? Victory gave Lincoln
the support he needed to issue the Emancipation Proclamation
Slide 76
Slide 77
Slide 78
Declared the slaves in the Confederate states free Did not
grant freedom to slaves in states loyal to the Union Why not?
Lincoln still needed the support of these states to win the war
Once the Emancipation Proclamation became known, many African
Americans volunteered to fight in the Union military. Why? Turn to
your neighbor and discuss this.
Slide 79
In 1864, Lincoln made Ulysses S. Grant general in-chief of the
Union Army after the Union lost two big battles With Grants help-
the Union split the Confederate Army in two by gaining control of
the Mississippi River
Slide 80
Grant wanted to END the South by destroying everything they
needed to survive Appointed General Philip Sheridan to destroy all
the farmland and livestock in Virginia Ordered Shermans March to
the Sea Cause and Effect: What happened when Sherman marched to the
sea? Lee surrendered to Grant in April 1865 Grant was elected our
18 th president Served two terms- from 1869-1877.
Slide 81
Watch video clip on: http://www.history.com/topics/ulysses-s-
grant/videos#president-ulysses-s-grant-let-us-have- peace
http://www.history.com/topics/ulysses-s-
grant/videos#president-ulysses-s-grant-let-us-have- peace
Slide 82
Jefferson Davis- representative and senator for Mississippi Who
did he become? President of the Confederacy Attack on Fort Sumter
(which started the Civil War) happened under his orders Jefferson
Davis became the first and only president of the Confederate States
of America Only time 2 presidents have served at the same time in
the U.S. history
Thomas Stonewall Jackson Who was he??? General in the
Confederate Army A GREAT general- his tactics led the Union to
victories at Chancellorsville, Bull Run, Antietam, and
Fredericksburg At the Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863, he was
shot by his own men who mistook him for a Union cavalryman Died
seven days later Confederate Army suffered many defeats after his
death Would the Confederate Army have won if this event had not
happened?
Slide 85
NorthSouth Experienced great human suffering Economically
prospered. Its manufacturing and industries grew. Economically
suffered. The South had depended on cash crops. The end of slavery
meant that it no longer had its main source of labor. The North had
grown stronger. Many farms, railroads, and industries had been
destroyed. The South faced an uncertain future. The enslaved were
now free.
