Sport Drug TestingSport Drug Testing

Adrian SmalleyAdrian SmalleyRyan SimpsonRyan SimpsonJenessa DilleyJenessa Dilley

Points To Be ReviewedPoints To Be Reviewed

World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)Prohibited ListProhibited List

Standard Testing ProtocolStandard Testing Protocol

False Accusations & LaboratoriesFalse Accusations & Laboratories

Chain of CommandChain of Command

How to Cheat a Drug TestHow to Cheat a Drug Test

Prohibited ListProhibited List

• Gene Doping • Stimulants (In-Competition)

• Anabolic Agents • Narcotics (In-Competition)

• Peptide Hormones, Growth Factors and Related Substances

• Glucocorticosteroids (In-Competition)

• Beta-2 Agonists • Cannabinoids (In-Competition)

• Hormone and Metabolic Modulators

• Chemical and Physical Manipulation

• Beta-Blockers (Some) • Other Non-Approved Substances

• Enhancement of Oxygen Transfer

• Alcohol (Some)

• Diuretic and Other Masking Agents

Standard Testing Standard Testing ProtocolProtocol

Urine Analysis Urine Analysis Sample ASample A

Sample BSample B

Blood Analysis Blood Analysis

WADA LaboratoriesWADA Laboratories

Strict guidelines to achieve accreditationStrict guidelines to achieve accreditation

Malaysian lab false accusationsMalaysian lab false accusationsHossam Ghaly – International footballerHossam Ghaly – International footballer

Female American marathon runnerFemale American marathon runner

Previous false accusationsPrevious false accusationsSuspended for 3 monthsSuspended for 3 months

First of more than 35 labs in WADA’s worldwide First of more than 35 labs in WADA’s worldwide network to be barred from conducting testsnetwork to be barred from conducting tests

Statistics of False Statistics of False AccusationsAccusations

Prescription DrugsPrescription DrugsOf 161 legally prescribed and over-the-counter drugs, 65 Of 161 legally prescribed and over-the-counter drugs, 65 gave a false positive result (40%)gave a false positive result (40%)

Tour de FranceTour de FranceOf 126 samples taken at 99% specificity, the false-Of 126 samples taken at 99% specificity, the false-positive rate was 72%positive rate was 72%

Urine TestUrine Test15% of all urine test yield a false positive due to cross 15% of all urine test yield a false positive due to cross reacting substancesreacting substances

Substances Falsely Identified

on Test

False Positive Rate

Barbiturates 0 – 6%

Amphetamines 0 – 37%

Cocaine 0 – 6%

Morphine 0 – 10%

Urine Test False-Urine Test False-PositivesPositives

Substances Falsely Identified

on Test

Actual Substance False Positive Rate

Amphetamine & Methamphetmaine

Selegiline & Vicks Inhaler

-

Barbiturate NSAIDs(Ibuprofen, Naproxen)

0.4%

Benzodiazepine Oxaprozin (NSAID) 97% - 100%

Cannabinoid NSAIDS(Ibuprofen, Naproxen)

-

Opiate Fluoroquinolone, Rifampin &

Poppy Seeds-

Phencyclidine Venlafaxine & Dextromethorphan

-

Substances & Conditions Substances & Conditions That Cause False-PositivesThat Cause False-Positives

THCTHC

AmphetaminesAmphetamines

OpiatesOpiates

EcstasyEcstasy

CocaineCocaine

• Kidney Infection

• Dronabinol • Naproxen (Aleve)

• Liver Disease • Riboflavin (B2)

• Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)• Kidney

Infection/Disease• Diabetes • Vicks Nyquil

• Liver Disease • Robitussin

• Asthma Medication• Kidney

Infection/Disease• Diabetes • Cough

Suppressants

• Liver Disease • Poppy Seeds

• Tylenol (with codeine)• Kidney

Infection/Disease• Diabetes • Nasal Sprays

• Liver Disease • Robitussin • Asthma Medication

• Kidney Infection/Disease

• Diabetes • Amoxicillin

• Liver Infection/Disease

• Tonic Water (Antibiotic)

Falsely Accused AthletesFalsely Accused Athletes• Ryan Braun (Baseball) • Christian Hoffmann (Cross-Country

Skiing)

• Bernard Lagat (Long Distance)

• Vegard Hoidalen (Beach Volleyball)

• Hossam Ghaly (Soccer) • Mark Hylton (Athletics)

• Jay Cutler (Bodybuilding) • Benoit Joachim (Cycling)

• Mohammed Asif (Cricket) • Brendan Katin (Baseball)

• Richard Gasquet (Tennis) • Agnes Kovacs (Swimming)

• Daniel Bailey (Athletics) • Silken Laumann (Rowing)

• Simon Daubney (Yachting) • Iban Mayo (Cycling)

• Marc Farry (Golf) • Michael Mifsud (Football)

• Udi Gal (Sailing) • Diane Modahl (Athletics)

• Josep Guardiola (Soccer) • Ross Rebagliati (Snowboarding)

• Vincent Guerin (Football) • Greg Rusedski (Tennis)

• Michael Rogers (Cycling) • Alessandro Petacchi (Cycling)

• Daniel Plaza (Race Walking)

• Kristian Smigun (Cross-Country Skiing)

Chain of CommandChain of Command

Paper Cases 1 & 4Paper Cases 1 & 4

Case 1Case 1Sample replaced with beerSample replaced with beer

Case 4Case 4Officer swapped samples Officer swapped samples

Ryan BraunRyan Braun

Basement storage Basement storage

Bribery Bribery

http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/video/mlb/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/video/mlb/2011/12/12/121211.epstein_braun.SportsIllustrated/2011/12/12/121211.epstein_braun.SportsIllustrated/index.html index.html

How to Cheat a Drug How to Cheat a Drug TestsTests

All TestAll TestMicro-Dosing Micro-Dosing EpitestosteroneEpitestosteroneDetox ProductsDetox Products

““Crisis Capsules”Crisis Capsules”

CleanseCleanse1-30 Day Cleanse1-30 Day Cleanse

TattoosTattoos

Urine TestUrine TestProteaseProteaseUrine ReplacementUrine Replacement

““Oil Change “Oil Change “

CatheterizationCatheterization

Whizzinator Whizzinator

Diuretics Diuretics

Blood TestBlood TestBlood Transfusion Blood Transfusion

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