Sport Biomechanics 01

7/29/2019 Sport Biomechanics 01

1/35

Sports Science


2/35

** Introduction & Review Level I

1. Principle: Impulse-The Straight and Strong

2. Principle: Direction of Force Application

3. Principle: Total Force

4.Principle: Stability


3/35

Mechanics = Motion

The study of the action of force on particles and

mechanical system; a branch of physics System

An object or group of interacting objects

Bio-

Prefix for life or living organism

Biomechanics

Application of the principles of mechanics to the study

of living organisms (e.g; the human body & its parts)


4/35

BiomechanicsBmc uses the principles of mechanics for

solving problems related to the structure and

function of living organisms.

Mechanics FunctionStructure


5/35

The science concerned with the forcesthat act on the human body and theeffects that these forces produce.

ForcesPush and Pull

Effects to the body

InternalBreathing, muscle contraction

ExternalForce cause and effects motion


6/35

The science concerned with the forcesthat act on the human bodyand the

effects that these forces produce.

The Human BodyAnthropometrics Factors

Shape WeightMass Size Height


7/35

The science concerned with the forcesthat act on the human body and theeffectsthat these forces produce.

The Effects of Motion

Equilibrium ProjectileLinear Angular


8/35

Review Level I

Analisis Kemahiran

Kajian mengenai pergerakanpergerakan individu semasa

melakukan sesuatu kemahiranSukan


9/35

Analisis Kemahiran : Kajian mengenaipergerakan individu/atlet semasa

melakukan sesuatu kemahiran Sukan


10/35

Help athletes achieve the quality or efficiency of

movement for success

Must be able to carry out Technical Analysis

TA concerns itself with the manner individual by

movement are executed

Must know what good like & what mechanicalprinciples underpin movement efficiency.

Level 1: summation of force & utilization of joints

in correct order


11/35

1. KEMAHIRAN MENGAJAR

KEMAHIRAN TERTUTUP

Dilakukan di bawah

persekitaran yang tetap, stabildan tidak berubah.

KEMAHIRAN TERBUKA Dilakukan dalam suasana

yang boleh berubah-ubah dan

hasil akhirnya sukar diramal


12/35

Apabila sesuatu kemahiran itu menggunakan beberapa

segmen anggota badan untuk melakukan sesuatu

sekuen pergerakan bagi menghasilkan halaju (daya)

yang optimum, maka setiap segmen dalam sekuen itu

hendaklah digerakkan pada ketika segmen yang

sebelumnya mula memperlahankan pergerakan


13/35

Pergerakan bermula dengan kumpulan otot-

otot besar di ikuti kumpulan otot-otot yang

beransur kecil

Pergerakan berlaku dalam turutan sempurna

2 persoalan bila perhati atlet melakukan

kemahiran;

Adakah mereka memasukkan setiap pergerakansegmen dengan baik?

Adakah sendi digunakan dalam turutan yang betul

tanpa tersekat-sekat?


14/35

Sendi-sendi hendaklah digunakan dalam turutan atau

sekuen yang sempurna

Sendi-sendi yang mempunyai otot-otot besar dan lebih

hampir pada badan hendaklah digunakan dahulu dandituruti dengan sendi-sendi yang mempunyai otot-otot

kecil dan diakhiri oleh sendi-sendi di penghujung anggota

The important things to remember

is that every joint must be used toget the most speed, power or

acceleration out of the movement.


15/35

Topics:

1. Principle: Impulse-The Straight and Strong

2. Principle: Direction of Force Application3. Principle: Total Force

4.Principle: Stability

Principle I : IMPULSEThe straight and Strong


16/35

Objectives;

The coach would know the concept of impulse

The coach would know the principle: the straight andstrong and able to apply the principle when analysing skill


17/35

The combination of force and time is called

impulse.

Muscle can be used at different level ofstrength Joint can move different parts of total range of

motion (flexibility)

This means that when athletes perform skills they

can vary the amount of strength & flexibility they

use.


18/35

Impulse

Perform skill: strength & flexibility used depends

on situation

If the purpose of the skills is to produce as muchforce/fast speed as possible:- strength & flexibility

must be used to their maximum.

This will produce greatest force for the longest

possible time


19/35

Ft = (mv)2 (mv)1

(v - v1)F = m ------------

t

F = ma

Ft = m


20/35


21/35


22/35


23/35


24/35


25/35


26/35


27/35


28/35

Key-work: STRAIGHT

Start with bent positions in preliminary movements

& move straight position at the hit/release/take-off

Examples: Tennis serve, Bowling, Soccer kick,High Jump, Shot Put, etc.


29/35

Key-work: STRONG

Use all joints in the correct order without gaps or

breaks

Examples: Tennis serve, Bowling, Soccer kick,High Jump, Shot Put


30/35

The Straight & Strong Principles(Examples & Application)

Bowl Example:

The arms are initially bent while holding the

ball (bowl) but extended at the release

Here the force of contraction of the muscle

is related to the length or speed the ball

(bowl) must travel


31/35


Football Example: Punt

The step into the kick leaves the kicking leg

stretched far back

The leg then brought forward and

straightened completely at the hit

The leg muscles that brings the leg forward& straighten it are contracted maximally


32/35


High Jump: Take off

The push-off leg is bent at the hip, knee &

ankle to prepare for the full straightening ofthe leg at take-off

The leg straightening muscles contract

maximally and in order from hip to ankle


33/35


Shot Put

The elbow completely bent during the

preliminary stance, and

Is completely straightened at the release

The muscles that straighten the elbow

contract maximally


34/35


Tennis Serve

The racquet is brought back behind the back

in a backscratch position

Then the arm is completely straightened at

the hit

The muscles that straighten the elbow &bring the arm forward contract maximally


35/35

COMMON FAULTS

3 common faults violations of the move

straight & strong principles

Incomplete bending during preliminarymovements, lack of flexibility

Incomplete straightening; missed timing,

starting straightening too soon/early

Not enough strength employed

Documents

Sport Biomechanics 01