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8/7/2019 Chapter 01 What is Biomechanics Notes
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APK 3220: Biomechanics
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Biomechanics
Kinesiology
Mathematics
Physics Anthropology
Anatomy
Exercise science
Engineering mechanics
Physiology
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Goals of Chapter 1
Define Biomechanics and the areas of mechanics.
Understand formal and informal problems.
Understand qualitative and quantitative problems.
Know the 11 steps to solving formal problems.
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The Language of Biomechanics
____________ - study of human movementfrom the perspectives of art and science
KinesiologyKinesiology
Athletic trainingAthletic trainingExerciseExercise
physiologyphysiology
Adapted physicalAdapted physical
educationeducationBiomechanicsBiomechanics
Sport psychologySport psychologySport philosophySport philosophy
Motor behaviorMotor behavior
Sport artSport art
PedagogyPedagogySport historySport history
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T
he Language of Biomechanics ______________________ - theapplication of mechanical
principles in the study of living
organisms________ - living
_________________ - the branch
of physics that analyzes the actionsof forces on particles and mechanicalsystems
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Building a Toolbox
A biomechanist needs tools to solve human
movement problems
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Tools of Mechanics
Statics
Dynamics
Kinematics Kinetics
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Tools: Mechanics
- branch of mechanics dealing
with systems in a constant state of motion (i.e. zero
acceleration)
stop sign or cruise control
- branch of mechanics dealing
with systems subject to acceleration
drag race
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Tools: Divisions of Mechanics
- study of the description
of motion, including considerations of space
and time
displacement, velocity, acceleration
- study of the action of
forces pushes or pulls
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Kinetics ofKinetics of
motionlessmotionless
systemssystems
KinematicsKinematics KineticsKinetics
ConstantConstant
velocityvelocity
systemssystems
StaticsStatics
KinematicsKinematics KineticsKinetics
DynamicsDynamics
MechanicsMechanics
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Anthropometry: another tool
- related to the
dimensions and weights of body segments
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Biomechanics is all about problem
solving
Research is done to answer a specific question
Why do people tear ACLs?
Everyone needs to be a problem solver (evenif you are not a biomechanist)
credit cards
check books
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Problem-solving Approach
Types of problems
what did you decide to wear today?
what was the average speed of the Tour de France?
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Characteristics of a formal problem: 3Characteristics of a formal problem: 3
componentscomponents
a set of given information
a particular goal, answer, or desired finding
a set of operations or processes that can beused to arrive at the answer from the given
information
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Types of VariablesTypes of Variables
involving nonnumerical description of quality
How do you feel after your workout?
How hard was your workout?
involving the use of numbers
How long did you work out for (in minutes)?
What was your average heart rate during the workout?
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Solving Qualitative Problems
Identifying the problem
Clearly identify questions
What are we actually trying to figure out?
We must understand the question and develop a proper
approach to solving it
How can we solve the problem?
We design and perform our experiment and assess the results
How will we get useful data, what does our data mean, and how
does it answer our question?
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Quantitative Unit SystemsQuantitative Unit Systems
- system of weights and
measures originally developed in England and used
in the U.S. today (inches, feet, yards, ounces,
pounds)
- system of weights and
measured used internationally in scientific
applications (meter, kilogram, Newton)
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11Steps for Solving Formal11Steps for Solving Formal
Quantitative ProblemsQuantitative Problems
1. Read the problem carefully (understand what is
being asked)
2.
3. Write down what is to be determined
4.
5. Identify and write down the formulas that might
be helpful
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11 Steps for Solving Formal11 Steps for Solving Formal
Quantitative ProblemsQuantitative Problems
6.
7. If a workable formula cant be found, it may be
necessary to return to step 1 for more analysis of the
given data
- process of forming deductionsfrom available information
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11Steps for Solving Formal11Steps for Solving Formal
Quantitative ProblemsQuantitative Problems
8. If a workable formula can be found, write it out
and substitute the known quantities for the variable
symbols
9. Use algebra to solve for the unknown variable
10.
11.
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Applications to Exercise Science
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Applications to Exercise Science
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Applications to Exercise
Science
A
BC
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Practice Problem
A boy sits in a 15kg soap-box derby racer. He releases
brake at the beginning of the race and begins to roll
down a hill and accelerates at 3.0 meters per
second2. If the force pulling the racer and boy is175N, what is the mass of the boy?
Force=mass x acceleration
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Follow the steps
1. Read the problem carefully
2. Write down all the given information
Force = _________mass of racer= _________
acceleration= ___________
3. Write down what is to be determined
Find: _________________
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Follow the steps
4. Draw a diagram
5. Identify and write down the formulas that might behelpfulForce= ____________________
masstotal= _____________________________
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Follow the steps
6. Select the formula(s) that contain the given
variables and the unknown variable
_____________________________________________
7. If a workable formula cant be found, it may be
necessary to return to step 1 for more analysis of the
given data
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Follow the steps
8. If a workable formula can be found, write it
out and substitute the known quantities for
the variable symbols
Force= __________________________
Force= ____________________________________
= ____________________________________
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Follow the steps
9. Use algebra to solve for the unknown variable175N= ____________________________
divide each side by 3.0m/s2
175N/ 3.0m/s2 = ________________________________
subtract 15kg from each side
175N/ 3.0m/s2 -15kg= ____________________
solvemassboy= __________________
massboy= __________________
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Follow the steps
10. Check to see if the answer makes sense
11. Box in the answer and check the units
massboy= _____
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Force=175N, mass of racer=15kg, acceleration=3.0m/s2
Find: mass of boy
masstotal=massracer + massboyForce=mass x acceleration
Force=(massracer+massboy) x acceleration
175N=(15kg+massboy ) x 3.0m/s2
175N/ 3.0m/s2 =(15kg+massboy )175N/ 3.0m/s2 -15kg=massboymassboy=58.3kg-15kg
massboy=43.3kg
a=3.0m/s2
F=175N
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