Spm 4531 2005 Physics p2 Bjwp

8/2/2019 Spm 4531 2005 Physics p2 Bjwp

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The ollowing information may be useful.The symbolshave their usual meaning.v-u4=- t

f =u2 +2asl t

s=ut tat-Momentum= rnvF=ma

IKinetic energy i,*u'Potential energy= mghElasticpotentialenergy

tnp=vPressure,phPg

FPressure, = LHeat,Q = mcgHeat,Q=a7Pr =constantTE=m8,=f2Power. = eXergt' trme111- =-t -f uv

28. g=10ms-2

Linearmagnification sizeof the mage

t.2.

3.4.5.6.

7.8.9.

10.11.t2.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.

sln,21. rt '--slnr

fl,ihat sebelah

22. n= real depthapparentdepth23. Q=It

26.

V: IRPower,P=Nff t=ztlr, vP

rr /Efficiencv- 'q 's x 100%- hY,

24.25.

27.!r*2

"atL= - Dsizeof theobject

SPM 2005 PHYSICS P2


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Section A[60 marks]

Answer all questions nThe time suggested o answer this

Figure 1.1 shows he scaleof an ammeter.

this section.section is 90 minutes.

Mirror

FIGURE1.1(a) Name the physical quantity measured by the ammeter.

Examiner'sUse

r(a)Er(b)E

\aTotal

1(c)

(b) In the spacebelow, draw the symbol for an ammeter.

(c) What is the value of the smallest division on the scale?

@ State the function of the mirror located under the scale.

[1 mark]

ll markl

lI markl

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Two similar oudspeakersre placed0'8m apart.Theyemit a coherentsoundwave.f gitt walks-slowlyparallel o thetwo loudspeakerst a distan e 3.2min front ofthe loudspeakers. hehearsa loud soundan?weaksounaurt".nu1Jy.nigur" z.rshows he positionsof the loud andweaksounds.

Audiofrequencygenerator

LoudspeakerFIGURE2.1

(a) What is meant by a coherent wave?

LoudsoundWeaksoundLoudsoundWeaksoundLoudsound

orExaminer'sUse

2(a)[]

2(b)b) The distancebetweenthree positions of the loud sound s 4.5Figrne 2.1.Calculatethe wavelengthof the soundwave.

ll marlclm, asshown n

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s y(c) The loud sound s hearddueto theconstructiventerferenceof the soundwaves.Statehow the constructiventerferenceoccurs.

ExaminerUse2(c)

-l lII

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Figure 3.1 shows a student standing 3m from a plane mirror in a room. The studentcan see he image of the wall clock located 2m behind him.

FIGURE3.1Figure 3.2 shows the top view of the student n the room.

FIGURE .2(a) Name the light phenomenon hat enables he student o see he image of thewall c lock in theplanemirror.

Wallclock plane

Wallclock Student

UII

Use

3(a)

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(b) What is the distancebetween he studentand the imageof the wall clock?

ll markl(c) The student hen moves1 m towards he planemirror.

What is the distancebetween he studentand the imageof the wall clock?

U markl(d) The time shownby the wall clock is 9 a.m.By drawing the handsof the clock in Figure 3.3, complete he imageof thewall clock in the planemirror as seenby the student.

Wall clock

FIGT]RE3.3 fl markl'(e) The studentmoves o positionX. He can see he imageof the lamp in theplanemirror.

In Figure 3.4, draw a ray diagram o show how the studentcan see he imageof the lamp.

studentI12marksl

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Lamp@ PlanemirrorhVFIGURE3.4

Total

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3(c)[]

3(A

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SULIT4 (a) Sweating s one of the waYSour37"C. Sweat s largelYmadeuPshown n Fisure 4.1.

4531t2body maintains the body temperatureof aboutof water and it comes from sweat glands as

t7

Sweatgland

FIGI.-IRE .1When sweat evaporates, t takes heat away from our body.(i) What is meantby evaPoration?

l1 markl(ii) Using kinetic theory of matter, explain how evaporationtakesaway heat fromour body.

L2marksl

(b) State wo environmentalactors hat affect he rate of evaporation f sweat.l-t . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1L. . . . . . . . , . , . . . 12marksl

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ForExaminer'sUse

4(a)E

4(b)E

a@)G1)


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t9 453U2(c) While playingbadminton, .05 kg of sweatwasevaporatedtom Ahmad'sbody.calculate the quantity of heat ost from his body dueto theevaporation.The atentheatof vaporisationf sweats 2.3xl0u Jkg-,.

12marksl

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ForExaminer'sUse4(c)


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oSULIT 2lFigure 5.1 showsa pieceof paperhanging rom a retort stand.the nozzle of an air pump, the paper changes ts position as

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When air flows fromshown n Figure 5.2.

FIGURE5.I FIGURE .2

(a) Compare he position of the paper n Figure 5.1 and Figure 5.2.

Fo rExaminer'sUse

5(c)E(b) F is a force that causes he paper o change ts position.

In box X, on Figure 5.2, indicate and label the direction of F thatthe paper.

(c) Explain how F is produced.

l I markl

acts onll markl

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oSULIT 23 453U2@ (i) Comparedo thepositionof thepaper n Figure5.2, how does hepositionof the paperchangewhen the air flows faster?

lI markl(ii) Give a reason or your answer n (dXi).

ForExaminer'sUses(dxi)

s(dxil)tIs(e)t:]sat:]

lI markl(e) Name heprinciple hat causesheobservationn Figurc5.2.

(f) Name one pieceof apparatusin (e).lL marklin a school aboratorywhich uses he principle

U markl

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SI]LIT ).< 4sslt2A student studies the effect of the movement of a lift on the readings of a weighingscale. The mass of the student s 50 kg.In this study, the student standson a weighing scale n a lift as shown in Figure 6.1.

Weighing scale

FIGURE.1He records the readings of the weighing scale when the lift is at rest, moving upwith acceleration,moving up with uniform velocity, moving down with uniformvelocity and moving down with deceleration.The readings of the weighing scale n the study are shown in Table 6.1.

Movement of the lift Readingsof the weighing scale/kgAt rest 50Moving up with acceleration 60Moving up with uniform velocity 50Moving down with uniform velocity 50Moving down with deceleration 60

TABLE 6.1


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27 453U2(a) The massof the student s 50 kg.

What is the weisht of the student n newtons?.- . . . *

lI markl(b) State two types of movement of the lift when the reading on the weighing scaleis equal to the massof the student.

[2 marksl(c) F is the resultant force that acts on the student.

R is the normal reaction of the weighing scale on the student.m is the mass of the student.g is the gravitational acceleration.Write a general equation to show the relationship between F, R, m andg.

When the lift moves up with acceleration,his weight.Explain why.

lI marklthe normal eaction s sreaterhan

12 marksl(e) (i) What is observed on the reading of the weighing scale when the lift moves

down with acceleration?lI markl

(ii) Give a reason for your answer n (eXi).

@

ForExaminer'sUse

6(b)

6(a)

6(c)

6(A

E6(e)(i)

6(eXii)

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SULIT 29 453U2(a) A grazing pasturewas polluted with radioactivewaste from a nuclear reactor.Aresearcher arried out a study on the radioactivecontent n the milk collectedfrom the cows in that area.He discovered the radioactive content in every litreof the milk was 1600 counts per minute.

The researchercontinued to measure he radioactiviW in the milk from that area n10 day intervals.The resultsof the study are shown n Table 7.1.

TABLE .1On the graph paperbelow, draw a graph of radioactivity againsttime.

12marksl

--t:l::- : .; ' - ' : .

-i 1. 4!"i : l . ' :alj.t"j:.ri li. i ' ..1 r:-i-lfi- r ': :1-if 1

35 40Time dayll,ihat sebelahSULIT

(0

Time /day 0 10 20 30 40Radioactivitycountsper minute 1600 600 240 100 40

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7(a)(i)tI


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JSULIT 31 453U2Using the graph in (a)(i), determinethe half-life of the radioactive materialin the milk.Show on the graphhow you determined he half-life.The half-l i fe s ... . . . . . . . . . . . .davs.

[2 markslMilk is safe to drink if the radioactivity in every litre of the milk is not morethan 50 countsper minute.Using the half-life in (cXii), calculate he time when the milk from this areabecomessafe to drink.

12marksl(b) In a nuclear reactor, raditm-226 decays o become radon-222by releasing onealpha particle. This reaction experiencesa massdefect.

(i) The number226 for radium s called ts ............ number.fl mark]

fl mark]

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(ii)

(o

ction by writing the appropriatenumber in theL-J+ 2He+ Energy

Complete the equationof the reactboxesprovided.

'33nu ) 222Rn

ForExaminer'sUse7(a)(Ii)

7(a)(iii)

7(b)(i)

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SULITJ 4531.t2

The nuclear reaction of one nucleus of radium-226 experiencesa massdefectof 8'6818x 10-30 g.Calculatethe energyreleased n the nuclearreaction'The velocity of light is 3 x 108ms-l.

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Totaln

ForExaminer'sUse7(bxiii)


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Radioactive*source ---!E;l=

J SULIT 35 453y2I A factory producingpesticideusesa logic system o ensure he volume of pesticidein a plastic bottle is within an acceptable ange.

Figure 8.1 shows he arrangementof the logic system ixed beside a conveyor beltcarrying bottles of pesticide.The radioactive detectors,S, and S, detect the levels ofradiation passing hrough the bottles.Logic gate

DetectorS, syslemlnput S,nput S,

Pesticide DetectorS,

PlasticConveyorbelt

FIGURE .1DetectorsS, and S,will give input 0 to the logic gatesystemwhen they receive a lowlevel of radiation.DetectorsS, and Srwill give input 1to the lggic gate systemwhen they receiveahigh level of radiation.(a) State the level of the pesticide in the bottle if the input S, is 0.

Give a reason or vour answer.

ForExaminer'sUse

8(a)E

8(b)EState he level of the pesticide n the bottle if the input S, is 1.Give a reason or vour answer.12marksl

f2 marksl

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SULIT 37Figure8.2 shows wo combinations f logic gates,P andQ, thatdevelophe ogic gate.system. M

453112are suggestedo

Input S,

FIGURE .2(c) Name the logic gate M.

ii;;;A@ Complete he truth tables or P andQ.

(e) When the output of the logic gate system is 1, it indicates thepesticide in tfe bottle is within the acceptablerange'When the output of the logic gate system s 0, it indicatesthe volume of thepesticide in the bottle is outside the acceptablerange'(i) Based on the output of the truth tables in (d), which combination of logicgates is suitable lo be used for the logic gate system?

InputS, InputS, Output0 0I 0

IThe truth table of P

Combinationof logic gates: ....(ii) Give two reasons or Your choice.

Input S, Input S, Output0 0I 0I 1

The truth table of Q14marksl

volumeof the

U marlcl

n.

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develophe ogic gate.system.

4s3u2TotaItl

8(c)n8(d)tl

ForExaminer'sUse

8(eXi)

8(e)(ii)


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453112Section B120 marksl

Answer any one questionfrom this section.The time suggested o answer this section is 30 minutes.

(a) A fisherman finds that his boat is at different levels in the sea and in the river.although the boat carries the same oad.The densityof seawater is 1025 kg *-' andof river water is 1000 kg --' .Figures9.1 and9.2 illustrate the situation of the boat n the seaand n the river.

In the sea ln the river

FIGURE9.1 FIGURE9.2What is meantby density? tI marklUsing Figures9.1 and 9.2, compare he levelsof the boat and the volumesofr-ater displacedby the boat.Relating the massof the boat with its load, the volume of water displacedandthe density of the water, deducea relevantphysicsconcept.

15 marksfGr) Name hephysicsprinciple that explains heabovesituation. ll markl

(b) A submarinecan sail on the seasurface and under the sea.Explain hou-a submarineon the surface submerges. 13marksl

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(i )G)

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JSULIT(c)

4s3u2Figures9.3 and 9.4 illustratethe working principle of a hydrometer.The depthtowhich the test tube sinks dependson its surrounding iquid.

Alcohol

FIGURE9.3 FIGURE9.4

Explain how you would designa hydrometerthat can determinea wide rangeofdensities of liquid, using the idea of the working principle of a hydrometershown above.Draw a diagram that showsthe designof your hydrometer and in your explanation,emphasisehe following asPects:(t the stability of the hydrometer,(ii) the sensitivity of the hydrometer,(O the ability to measurea wide range of densitiesof liquids,(1v) the calibration of the hydrometer. U0 marksl

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43

J

Water

I

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tSULIT10 Figure 0.1shows hea wavephenomenon.

4s 4531'12arrangementof the apparatus or an experiment to study

t

LampGapRipple tank

FIGURElo.lthe bright and dark bands of the wave pattern formed on thewavespass hrough narrow and wide gaps.Figure10.2showsscreenwhenplane

INarrow gaP

FIGURE 0.2(a) (i) Explain how the dark and light bands are formed

ObserveFigure10.2.Compare he wave patternsandthe wavesbefore andafter they pass hroughthe gaps'Relate the size of the gaPS, he wave patterns anddeducea relevantphysics concept.Name the wave phenomenon hown n Figure10'2'

(ii)

(iii)

Widegap

on the screen.14marksfthe wavelengthsofthe wavelengthso15marksl

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JSULIT 4531t2

(b) Figure 10.3shows he seashore f a fishing village.During the rainy season,wavesare big. One year the waves eroded the seashore, aused he jetty to collapseand damaged he fishermens' boats.

FIGURE 0.3To prevent similar damage n the future, the fishermensuggestbuilding retainingwalls and relocating the etty.Make further suggestionsof ways to help the fishermensolve their problems.You should use your knowledge of reflection, refraction and diffraction ofwaves to explain thesesuggestions, o include the following aspects:(i) the design and structureof the retaining wall,

(ii) the location of the new jetty,(iii) the size or energy of the waves.

[r0 marksl

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4s3112Section C

120 markslAnswer any one question rom this section'

The time suggestedo answer this section s 30 minutes'11 (a) Figure 11.1shows wo convex lenses,R and S, used n an astronomical elescope.Tlie focal length for R is 40cm and for S is 10cm'

FIGURE 1.1Define the power of a lens. l l marklGive two feasonswhy R is usedas the objective ens of the telescope'12 markslUsing lensesR and S, draw afay diagram on Figure 11.1 to show theformltion of the final image by the telescopeat normal adjustment' Use ascaleof 10cm to 1 cm. 15 marks)

Calculate the magnification of the final image formed by the telescopeatnormaladjustment. t2 marksl

49tSULIT

S

$R

(t(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

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vSULIT 51

(r)(ii)

o

4s3u2(b) Presbyopia s an inability of the eye to adjust the focussing of far and nearobjects.This usually happenswhen we get old, where the ciliary muscle is lessable to change he shape of the eye lens to focus the image on the retina, asshown in Figures 11.2 and 11.3.

FIGURE11.2 FIGURE11.3As an opticianl, you have three designs of lenses,X, Y and Z, in youirshop.The cross-section f X, Y and Z arc shown in Figure 11.4.

Design X DesignY DesignZ

FIGURE 1.4Choose he most suitabledesign of lens in Figure Il.4 to correct the sight ofa personwith presbyopiaand explain the suitability of the design.Explain why the other two designs are not suitable.

Either low or high refractive index glasscan be used to make the lenses.(iii) Which type of glass s most suitable to make the lens chosen n (b)(i)?

Give reasons or your choice.U0 marksl

t An optician is aperson rained n the detectionandcorrectionof poor eyesight.ll,ihat sebelah

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12JSULIT

d

s3 453112\Iost of ourelectricalenergycomes rom hydroelectricpower stationsand hermalpower stations.Thesepower stationsareconnected y cables o transmitelectricityio ur"tr in industries,offices,schoolsandhouses. his systems called henationalgridnetwork.

(1) State he transformationsof energy n a hydroelectricpower station.ll marklExplain briefly the importanceof the national grid network system ndistributingelectricalenergy o theusers. [4 marksl

(b ) Figure 12.1showshow a modelof anelectric ransmission ystem anbe setup in a aboratory.The model consistsof apower station hatgenerates 2V ofaiternatingcurrent(a.c.) hat transmits he electricalenergy o theusersusingtransmissionwires and ransformersP, Q andR.Transmissionat 24V a.c.

TransformerP

Powerstationat I2Y a.c. TransformerQ

(ii)

wire

r lc#ffi TransformerRFactoriesat 8V a.c.

FIGURE12.1

Housesat 6V a.c.

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astruT 55 4s3lt2Ym are equired o setup a modelas n Figure12.1using he nforrnationn Table12.1

Number ofturns of thecoilt2001000

500400160t20

TABLE 12.1(b) Usingthe nformation n Figure 2.I andTable 12.1determine:

(t the numberof turns n theprimarycoil and hesecondary oil of transformersP, Q andR and showyour working,(ii) the type of coreyou will use n all thetransformers nd ustify your choice,(iii) the materialyou will use or the transmission ire and ustify your choice.lI0 marksl

(c) If the resistance f the transinissionwires betweenransformers andQ in themodelat Figure12.1 s 30C),calculate:(i) the current hat lows n the ransmission ire,(ii) thepower ossdue o theheating ffectof thecurrentn the ransmission ire.15marksl

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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Ilpe of transformer core

Solid cuprumcoreLaminatedcuprumcoreSolidsoft ron coreLaminatedsoft iron core

Materials oftransmissionwireConstantanCopperAluminiumNichrome

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SIruT 57RUANGUNTUKJAWAPAN/SPACE'ORANSWER

ngirnlSection: ...............:......." No. Soalar/Question No.: ........

4s3u2 UntukKegunaanPemertksaForExaminerbWe

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s.w.g ofconstantanwireCurrentthroughresistor,(I ) A

Voltageacross theresistor,($vResistanceo=Iln

2226,J Z

Tatrle 1

31C A2 D 33A 34 B 35C36D 37 C 38C 39D 40 D4A B 42 E 43 A 44 C 45 B46 C 47 A 48 D 49 C 508

From Tatrle I, the value of / will reducewhen the thicknessof the wire reduceswhereas R will increase. This showsthat loss of energy at a certain time(tr , \\i = I' R) will reduce f the wire isLthicker.A piece of constantan w ire s.w.g 28having a length of I = 20.0 cm isconnected o PQ. The switch is closedandthe readings from the ammeter andvoltmeter are recorded. The value of Ris calculated. The experiment is repeatedusing wires of lengths 30.0 cm and40.0 cm. Record all data in Table 2.

From table 2, the value of I will reducewhen the length of the wire increaseswhereasR will increase. This showsthatthe enerry lost at a certain time willincrease f the wire is increased n length.Conclusion:The enerry lost in a resistor is inverselypraportional to its thickness and changesdirectly with its length.

KERTA$ PNPEAIKSAAN SPM 2OO5

lmage of thebulb

Student X4 (a) (i) Change of liquid into gas pr:ocess.(ii) The liquid atoms absorb heat from thebody to change into gas atoms.1. The flow of air.

2. Humidity of air.3. The surface area of the liquid.4. Atmosphericpressure"Q=mL,L:2.3x106Jkgl,m = 0.05 kgThe heat loss= (0.05kg) tz.e x 1ff J kg 1)= 1.1,5 105J

Paper 2Section A

(c)(d)2 (a)ft)

(c)

3 (a)

(a) Current

(b)(c)(d)

(b)

(c)aper I1C6B1r. D1642tD26C

4 C 5D9E 10B14 c 15A19D 20 A24C 25 C29 A 30A

!A 8A?i j 8A*3e l8A1?D 18D*pn 28 Ag?C 28 C

oi [email protected] ATo overcome parallax error.Waves that contain the same wavefronts.I = axlDo : 0.8 m, D :3.3 mdanr =gg *-z= 2.25 m1- 0.8mx2.25m3.3 m1- 0.55mThe intersection of peak with peak of thewaves.Reflection8m7mengthof wire,llclrn

Currentthroughwire,.I/AVoltageacrossthe wire,VN

Resistanceo=+ln20.030.040.0

Table 2

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r i i )a) The edgeof the paper in Figure 5"2 will rise"ib)99{: 9.rr rTf" l IRu * f f iRn+lH*Enei l l 'u6 ldb IE = mcz, rz = 8.6818 x 10 30kg,c=3x108ms1E : (8.6818 x 10 :rokg){S x 108ms 'r:7. I x 10 t5 J

I (a) Exceedsbhe requirements of thelow level radiation is received-ft) Doesnot fulfil the requirements of the rang('as high-level radiation is received.(c) OR gate.(d) Truth table for P

(e) Combination of logic gates: P1. Input Sr1 and inPut Sr0 aresame range.2. Input Sr0and input Sr0or input S,1and inPut Sr1 are in a range that isnot accePtable'Section BI (a) (i) Density is defined as the ratio of masswith volume.(ii) The level of submergenceof the boatin Figure 9.1, s not deepas comparedto the level ofsubmergenceofthe boatin Figure 9.2 which is deePer.The volume of seawater displaced inFigure 9.1 is low but the volume ofriver water displaced n Figure 9.2 ishigher.

The relationship between the massofthe boat and the cargo it is carryingis that as the densitY of the waterreduces. he volume of water displacedby the boat increasesand vice-versa'(iii) Archimedes' principle states that themass of a floating bodY is the same asthe mass of the liquid disPlaced.(b ) When the ballast tanks ar e filled withseawater, th e density of the submarineincreases" Its density is more than that ofseawater.As such it sinks into the seawater'

( i i )

(c.) The rapid flow of air causesa lower pressureon the upper surfaceofthe paperascomparedto the bottom surface, becauseairflow overthe bottom is slow.The lifting force will actupwards.(i) The edge of the paper will continue torise.(ii) Because he pressure of air continues todrop.Bernoulli's principle.Fi l ter pump/ insect ic ide sprayer/bunsenburner/carburettor, aerofoil500 N1. Stationary.2. Motion increaseswith constant velocity/Motion decreaseswith uniform velocity.R=mE+F,R:nlg-FThe normal reaction is the summation of theweight and the resultant force act ingupwards on the student.

(d )

(e)(0(a)(b)

(c)(d)

(i)(ii) the(e) (i) The reading from the scale reduces.(ii) Weight is subtracted from the resultantforce acting on the student.(a) (i)

Half life : 7.5 days.Mass number(ii)(b) (i)

Truth table for Q

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l -1

(a) (t ) Lights from the lamP

Dark region Dark

Sutrjectll.sign andetructureof thei'c.1.*ining al l

ls.i@&*rrtls*"t'lte!s*f t

**e e** {.!t}*f*r*:{ qic* **"t*

IWavefrontsof waterBottom ofthe ripPletank

Brightspot

region

(b)

has

="t,j";t1 Sl . i rh i l i lv

Sensi l ivrL.Y

3. AbilitY to measrtrt-:a wide range o['densities of licluids4. Calibration

f'n'"P"tti*ui r li wi l h f r,r*-"tl"tt "uh;-l{ }w( ' l 'sc( i l ion"( ly l inder with a biggerrliirmeter at the lower section'Cylinder with small diameteron the upper section'

' Cylinder with small diameteron the upper section'* Glassbulb at the lower section'- Filled with air.

Explanation I- To submergeLh ehYdrometerIand noboverturn i t ' I- To submerge he hYdromeLerJand not overt l l rn i t* A small reading scale can beincorPorated"- Scale can be madc bigger orsmaller than the densitY ofwater"

F

- Cu" measure thehigher and

I lo*er densities than water'

7 ] Screen

'l'he waterfronts formed are shown in thefigure above (shaped like a convex and.u,,.r.,r" lens), cause the convergenceof

Solid that is rigid: StoneA retaining wall that iscurved and not smooth'The retaining wall is built infront of the baY.The retainingnarrow gaps.The larger retaining wall atthe bottom section-Retaining wall must be high'

the region of the baY

ll*giorr of the baY

parallel light rays from the lamp,intotright spots and the divergence of lightrays into dark regions'(ii) - Figure 10.2 shows a narrow gap thatfoims a circular wave and wide gaPthat form Plane waves from th eincident Plane wave'- Size of the gaP determines thediffraction that is created'(a) A narrow gap producesa circularwave.(b) A wider gaP Produces a -Planewave with the same wavelengthand results in damPing of thewave.(iii) Diffraction of waves phenomenon'

1.2.3.4"5.6.

Can withstand imPact of the waves'Difficult to crack.The curved shaPed Preventsreflection of the waves'Region where the waves are calm'Diffraction will take Place'Shallow region where waves ar ecalm.To ensure that there is no spill overof the waves.

wavelength high)Th" *""*1" the baY region are calm(amplitude of the wave is low and its

Amplitude of the wave is lowWavelength high in this region'Waves aie calm as compared to thecape region"Damping of wavestakes place n this

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Sr: r ' t ion ( lt I i ; r ( ) l ' t lwet ' of ' the lens

I

(i i) I "z"

FcallengtF oFTE lens(measured n meters)High focal length.Larger diameter and the intensitYof highly concentrated light.

(b l ( i) The design of Y is the most suitable' ' l ' lrr"design contains the diverging i r r r r iconverging lens'1. The diverging lens is used to liri'rr'

the image from a faraway objet:i 'trthe retina.

=T!=a':gi{ar*::iin;

2.

( i i ) 1.

The converging lens is used to {irt rtr'the image from a near object on Ltrt'retina.In the design of X, the image of t r"faraway object does not fall on th''retina or the faraway object cantltltbe seen.2. In the design of Z, the irnage ot anear objectdoesnot fall on the retirraor the near object cannot be seen(iii) Glass that has a high refractive index i*used in the manufacture of lenses. Th*:high value of the refractive index result*in a small angle of refraction or [ht'refractive deflection with the normal issmall.

FarawayobjecL,-

.'lmage atinftnity(iv) Magnification:ffi

_40cm10 cm:4|2(a)( i)Potent ialenergy---+Kinet icenergy-+Electr icalenergy(ii) 1. To ensure continuous delivery of power'2. Can revert to another network if the existing network is faulty.3. The overall cost of production of electricity can be reduced.4. power can be controlled and distributed according to the demand.

(b) (i)

(iii)The

:;

3

The type of core used is the soft laminated iron core. It is used because.1. Solt irott enhances the changes in magnetisation and demagnetisation'2. The laminated core reduces the leakage of the magnetic flux of the magnet.The two reasons stated above can reduce the change of input electricity into heat ener$r'material that is used is copper. Copper has low resistance and is strong and highly rigid" It canreduce the conversion of input electricity into heat enerry'(c) R = 30 d!,Vo= 1-z\V"= 24Y,, =3f* =o'8The power loss : 12 R = (0.8)'z(30Q) = 19-2 W

(ii)

(i)(ii)

(iii)Object lens

Tbansformer CalculationNumber of turnson primary coils,N"

Number of turnaon secondar5rcoils' AfP (12V -+ 24Y) t2v =24V N pN s 500 1000Q Q+ V -+ 8 V) 24V N-=8v 4 1200 400R Q4 V -+ 6 V) 24V6V

N plv- 500 L20

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Spm 4531 2005 Physics p2 Bjwp