SPM 100 Clinical Skills Lab 5

Pulse Oximetry andCardiac Monitoring

Daryl P. Lofaso, M.Ed, RRT

Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)

Normal Ranges pH 7.35-7.45 PaCO2 35-45 mmHg PaO2 80-100 mmHg

Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve

Oxygen Transport

Dissolved in plasma: (vol % = 0.0031 (ml O2

/100cm3/mmHg) x PaO2

Bond to Hemoglobin: 1.34 ml of O2/g of Hb x g of Hb x g

of Hb/100 cm3 x % Saturated

Cyanosis

Approximately 5 g/dl of unoxygenated hemoglobin in the capillaries (> 5 gHb / 100ml of blood)

Hypoxemia: Signs and Symptoms

Tachycardia Tachypnea Mental Status Changes

Changes in Oxygenation

Altitude Hyperbaric Therapy Carbon Monoxide

ECG MonitorLead Placement

Anatomy of Hearts

Electrical System

Basic ECG

Confirmation of Asystole

Check lead and cable Monitor power Monitor gain Change leads

Cardiac Assessment

Ref: Bates 8ed

Heart Sounds S1: “ lub” occurs at the beginning of

systole (mitral and tricuspid close)

S2: “dub” marks the start of diastole,

(aortic and pulmonic close) S3: (ventricular gallop) early signs of

CHF S4: (atrial gallop) pulmonic stenosis,

aortic stenosis, hypertension, MI & cardiomyopathy

Professional Conduct Introduce yourself Explain the procedure /

examination to the patient Ask the patient if they have any

questions Cover the patient with a sheet.

Only expose area examining while performing a procedure/examination