Spent Nuclear Fuel Management and Cost Estimation … on... · 2019-11-18 · PAKISTAN ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION Spent Nuclear Fuel Management and Cost Estimation Methodology (Pakistan)

PAKISTAN ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION

Spent Nuclear Fuel Management and

Cost Estimation Methodology

(Pakistan)

Dr. Qamar MehboobMember (Materials)

IAEA Technical Meeting on Cost Estimation Methodologies for Spent Fuel Management

05-08 November, 2019, Vienna, Austria

| Slide 2 of 21 |Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Directorate General National Repository

Presentation Layout

• Nuclear Power in Pakistan

• National Policy and Strategy for Spent Nuclear Fuel Management

• Spent Nuclear Fuel Management Practices at KANUPP, Karachi

• Spent Nuclear Fuel Management Practices at CNPGS, Chashma

• Cost Analysis Methodology for Spent Nuclear Fuel Management

• Elements Considered for the Cost Estimation of Spent Nuclear Fuel

Management

• Cost Estimation Example for Spent Nuclear Fuel Management at CNPGS

• Conclusion


Nuclear Power in Pakistan

Nuclear Power Plant Capacity (MWe) Year of Commissioning

In Operation (Five Plants)

KANUPP-1 (K-1) 137/100 1972

CHASNUPP-1 (C-1) 325 2000

CHASNUPP-2 (C-2) 335 2011

CHASNUPP-3 (C-3) 340 2016

CHASNUPP-4 (C-4) 340 2017

Under Construction (Two Plants)

KANUPP-2 (K-2) 1100 2020

KANUPP-3 (K-3) 1100 2021

Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Directorate General National Repository| Slide 4 of 21 |

Chashma Nuclear Power

Generating Station (CNPGS)

Karachi Nuclear Power

Complex (KNPC)

Nuclear Power in Pakistan


Nuclear Power Development Future Goals

-

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

10,000

2018 2021 2022 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

1,435

2,435

3,535

4,635

5,735

6,835 6,835 6,835

7,935

9,035

Nu

clea

r In

stal

led

Cap

acit

y (M

W)

Under Construction

K-2

K-3

Op

era

tin

g Planned

M-1C-5

M-2

K-4K-5

K-1C-1C-2C-3C-4


National Policy

• National Policy on Safe Management of Radioactive Waste,

Decommissioning and Spent Nuclear Fuel in Islamic Republic of Pakistan

- (RWP-01/2018)*

• The Government of Pakistan shall provide funds for implementation of

this policy where necessary

• The Government of Pakistan shall ensure the implementation of this

policy through Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority (PNRA)

*placed on PNRA website


Spent Nuclear

Fuel

Storage in Wet

Pools at

Reactor

Away From

Reactor Storage

in Casks

Direct Disposal

Reprocessing/

Recycling

Open Cycle

Closed Cycle

?

National Strategy for Spent Nuclear Fuel

Management

*Currently all the SNF is stored at Reactor Wet Storage Pools


Spent Nuclear Fuel Inventory

NPP Type

Volume stored Maximum

enrichment

on loading

(weight %)

Average burn-

up after

unloading

(GWd/MTU)

ton

(MTU)

Assembly

/bundle

K-1 PHWR 417.7 31184 0.7% 7.5

C-1

PWR

142.8 480

3.4%

30C-2 59.5 200

C-3 11.9 4032

C-4 0 0


Spent Nuclear Fuel Wet Storage Pool at K-1

• Spent nuclear fuel of K-1 is stored in the spent fuel storage bay located

inside the service building

• As of Dec 31, 2018 the spent fuel bay at K-1 contained 31,184 fuel

bundles


Dry Storage Facility at K-1

• Due to limitations of further storage capacity, K-1 has opted for dry

storage technology to store the spent fuel safely

• The dry storage facility is being established within the plant premises

• Development and engineering work of underwater handling tools, tilter

and basket assemblies are in-progress

• The design, manufacture, testing and qualification of concrete cask for

storage is also in progress


Spent Nuclear Fuel Wet Storage Pool at CNPGS

• Spent fuel pools are constructed next to reactor building of each unit (C-1,

C-2, C-3, C-4). Spent nuclear fuel is stored for a period of time necessary

to reduce the residual heat output

• Re-racking of spent fuel assemblies by introducing Aluminium-Boron-

Carbide sheets


Dry Storage Facility at CNPGS

• A dry storage facility is under construction at Chashma Nuclear Power

Generating Station (CNPGS)

• It is designed for dry storage of spent nuclear fuel

• PAEC has submitted its intention to PNRA (for licencing) and IAEA (for

safeguards) for design and manufacturing of storage cask and transfer

cask for spent nuclear fuel generated from CNPGS

• These casks are to be used for storage and transfer of spent nuclear fuel

from power plants to the designated dry storage facility

• Each cask will contain 21 spent fuel assemblies

• The total capacity of dry storage facility will be 375 casks

• Enough to accommodate SNF of C-1,2,3,4 for ~50 years of plants

operation


C-1 Fuel Building

75t

12.150

Pool Crane 2/5t

13.300

1.7501.500

8.000

±0.000

5.150

10.500

16.800

22.400

25.000

20.000

SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL

STORAGE POOLCask

Loading

Pool

Cask

Cleaning

Pit

4.8


Spent Nuclear Fuel Transfer at CNPGS

Spent Nuclear Fuel(In-Reactor Core)

Wet Pool(Minimum 5 Years

Storage)

Loading SNF in Basket

Loading Basket in Canister

Cask Loading Pool

Cask Cleaning Pit (Hot Cell)

Purging,Helium Insertion,Decontamination,

of Canister

Loading Canister in Transfer Cask

Loading Cask into Storage Cask

Re-FuellingOutage

Transfer

Loading Transfer Cask in Transfer

Vehicle

Un-loading Canister from Transfer Cask

Placement of Storage Cask in Dry Storage

Building

Fuel Building

Dry Storage Building

Basket Material = Aluminium-Boron-CarbideCanister Material = Stainless SteelTransfer Cask Material = Stainless Steel, Lead and HDPEStorage Cask Material = Stainless Steel and Concrete

Hot Cell in Dry Storage Building


C-1

DRY

STORAGE

FACILITY

Wet Storage

C-2 C-3 C-4

Location of Dry Storage Facility at CNPGS

Wet Storage Wet Storage Wet Storage


Cost Analysis Methodology

?

Reactor

Spent

Nuclear Fuel

Storage in

Wet Pools

at Reactor

Trasnfer

Away From

Reactor

Storage in

Casks

Direct

Disposal

Reprocessing/

Recycling

Disposal of

Low and

Intermediate

Level Waste

Spent Nuclear

Fuel Disposal

Disposal of

High Level

Waste

Disposal of

Low and

Intermediate

Level Waste

Uranium and

Plutonium

Production

Open Fuel Cycle Closed Fuel Cycle

To Reactor for Energy Utilization

Economics Methodology

$Decision

Pending

Desktop studies on siting of

deep geological repository

are also underway

Feasibility studies including

economic impact regarding

open or closed fuel cycle

are in progress


Elements of Costing

Elements of Costing

Cost of Wet Storage

Cost of Storage Cask

Cost of Transfer Cask

Cost of Dry Storage Building

Special Vehicles and Equipment Costs

Safety and Security Systems Costs

Pays and Wages of Employees

Utility Costs

Decommissioning and Disposal Costs

Storage in

Wet Pools

at Reactor

Trasnfer

Away From

Reactor

Storage in

Casks

Economics Methodology

Total Cost

Σi Individual Element Cost i


CTSC = CWS + CSC + CTC + CSB + CEQ + CTV + CRS +CIS

+ CSS +CEC + CUC + CDC + CDM

CTSC = Total storage cost

CWS = Cost of wet storage (number of spent fuel assemblies x unit cost of wet storage)

UC(SC) = Unit cost of storage cask (design cost + construction cost + licensing cost)

CSC = Total cost of storage cask (number of storage casks x UC(SC) )

CTC = Cost of transfer cask (design cost + construction cost + licensing cost)

CSB = Cost of dry storage (design cost + construction cost + licensing cost)

CEQ = Equipment costs (includes handling equipment like cranes, grippers etc.)

CTV = Cost of specially designed transport vehicle for on-site cask transfer

CRS = Radiological safety systems costs (radiation monitors, protective clothing, etc.)

CIS = Industrial safety systems costs (fire safety, electrical safety equipment, etc.)

CSS = Security systems costs (includes CCTV, intrusion protection etc.)

CEC = Employees related costs (includes salaries, wages, benefits etc.)

CUC = Utility costs (includes electricity, telephone etc.)

CDC = Cost for decontamination and decommissioning

CDM = Disposal management cost for contaminated materials


Example Cost Estimation for SNF Management at

CNPGS

CWS Cost of wet storage0 (included in NPP cost, remains same for all SNF

management options)

UC(SC) Unit cost of storage cask 15 Million PKR

CSC Total cost of storage cask 375 Casks x 15 Millions per cask = 5625 Million PKR

CTC Cost of transfer cask 50 Million PKR

CSB Cost of dry storage 412.8 Million PKR

CTV Cost of transfer vehicle 17.7 Million PKR

CEQ Equipment costs 264.5 Million PKR

CRS Radiological safety systems costs Included in Equipment costs

CIS Industrial safety systems costs Included in Equipment costs

CSS Security systems costs Not available at current stage

CEC Employees related costs960 Million PKR (20 employees with 80,000 PKR per

month salary for 50 years)

CUC Utility costs Not available at current stage

CDC Cost for decommissioning Not available at current stage

CDM Disposal management cost Not available at current stage


Cost Estimation Example for Spent Nuclear Fuel

Management at CNPGS

Total storage cost, CTSC = 7.33 Billion PKR

Note: This estimate is for 375 storage casks and 50 years of storage duration


Conclusion

• Total inventory of SNF assemblies/bundles from all NPPs that are in

operation

o PWR 720

o PHWR 31,184

• At present, all SNF is present in wet storage facilities

• Two dry storage facilities are being developed both at KANUPP and

CNPGS

• A systematic cost-estimation is performed based on developed

methodology for dry storage facilities

• For 50 years SNF management at CNPGS, dry storage of 375 casks will

cost approximately 7.33 Billion PKR

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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Spent Nuclear Fuel Management and Cost Estimation … on... · 2019-11-18 · PAKISTAN ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION Spent Nuclear Fuel Management and Cost Estimation Methodology (Pakistan)