Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Special theme
Planning and
Logistics
ERCIM NEWSNumber 105 April 2016
Research and Innovation:
Business Process Execution
Analysis through Coverage-based
Monitoring
by Antonello Calabrò, Francesca
Lonetti, Eda Marchetti, ISTI-CNR
www.ercim.eu
Also in this issue: Keynote:
Trends and Challenges in Logistics
and Supply Chain Management
by Henk Zijm, Professor of
Production and Supply Chain
Management, University of Twente
ERCIM News is the magazine of ERCIM. Published quarterly, it reports on
joint actions of the ERCIM partners, and aims to reflect the contribution
made by ERCIM to the European Community in Information Technology
and Applied Mathematics. Through short articles and news items, it pro-
vides a forum for the exchange of information between the institutes and
also with the wider scientific community. This issue has a circulation of
about 6,000 printed copies and is also available online.
ERCIM News is published by ERCIM EEIG
BP 93, F-06902 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
Tel: +33 4 9238 5010, E-mail: [email protected]
Director: Jérôme Chailloux
ISSN 0926-4981
Contributions
Contributions should be submitted to the local editor of your country
Copyright�notice
All authors, as identified in each article, retain copyright of their work
ERCIM News is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (CC-BY).
Advertising
For current advertising rates and conditions, see
http://ercim-news.ercim.eu/ or contact [email protected]
ERCIM�News�online�edition�
The online edition is published at http://ercim-news.ercim.eu/
Next�issue
July 2016, Special theme: Cybersecurity
Subscription
Subscribe to ERCIM News by sending an email to
[email protected] or by filling out the form at the ERCIM News
website: http://ercim-news.ercim.eu/
Editorial�Board:
Central editor:
Peter Kunz, ERCIM office ([email protected])
Local Editors:
Austria: Erwin Schoitsch ([email protected])
Belgium:Benoît Michel ([email protected])
Cyprus: Ioannis Krikidis ([email protected])
Czech Republic:Michal Haindl ([email protected])
France: Steve Kremer ([email protected])
Germany: Michael Krapp ([email protected])
Greece: Eleni Orphanoudakis ([email protected]),
Artemios Voyiatzis ([email protected])
Hungary: Erzsébet Csuhaj-Varjú ([email protected])
Italy: Carol Peters ([email protected])
Luxembourg: Thomas Tamisier ([email protected])
Norway: Poul Heegaard ([email protected])
Poland: Hung Son Nguyen ([email protected])
Portugal: Joaquim Jorge ([email protected])
Spain: Silvia Abrahão ([email protected])
Sweden: Kersti Hedman ([email protected])
Switzerland: Harry Rudin ([email protected])
The Netherlands: Annette Kik ([email protected])
W3C: Marie-Claire Forgue ([email protected])
Cover photo by courtesy of Electrocomponents plc.
Editorial Information
ERCIM NEWS 105 April 2016
ERCIM NEWS 105 April 2016
Keynote
3
Henk�Zijm,
Professor�of
Production�and
Supply�Chain
Management,
University�of
Twente
or management and urban planning orland-use management. In addition, dueto both political conflicts and natural dis-asters, the importance of humanitarianlogistics can hardly be overestimated.
But also consumer behaviour is changingrapidly, demonstrated for instance by therapid advance of e-commerce, with aprofound impact on both forward andreverse logistics and supply chains.Clearly, the continuous pressure on fastdelivery is only possible by an excel-lently functioning logistics network.
Fortunately, technological innovationsare expected to at least partially addresssome of these challenges. The design ofnew and lightweight (bio-)materials,miniaturization and de-materializationof products helps to diminish both theircosts and ecological footprint.Technologies like 3D-printing andmicro-machining are also a step forwardtowards mass-customization but in addi-tion have a profound logistic impact, forinstance in stimulating “local for local”production, thereby also reducing so-called anticipation (safety) stocks,because they allow production at theplace and time needed.
But also the impact of robotics willchange the logistics landscape consider-ably, as it did already in automotiveassembly lines and automatic storageand retrieval systems, assisted by digitaldynamic identification systems such asRFID, and all controlled by innovativewarehouse management systems.Similar developments are found at con-tainer terminal sites in both seaports andinland harbors. Without exception, suchsystems rely heavily on smart sensor andactuator systems, evolving towards theso-called Internet of Things (IoT). Thesame IoT is currently innovating bothpassenger and freight transport rapidly;vehicle transportation in 2050 is foreseento be largely unmanned transportation.
But technological innovation is only apart of the story; at least equally impor-tant is the development of smart busi-ness models based on joint responsibili-ties and fair allocation of revenuesinstead of on individual profit maxi-
mization. Complex modern supplychains are first and foremost character-ized by the fact that many stakeholdersare involved in shaping its ultimate man-ifestation, not only shippers and logisticservice providers but also the financialsector and governmental agencies, andultimately the customer. Such systemsrequire adequate planning and controlmechanisms, including distributedarchitectures, cloud computing solu-tions, cognitive computing and agent-based decision support systems. Therecent attention for data driven models(big data analytics) marks an importantfurther step towards full-blown auto-mated decision architectures.
Multi-stakeholder systems aiming atcooperation between essentiallyautonomous companies require toolsthat essentially draw on game-theoret-ical concepts. But the key idea - estab-lished in the Nash equilibrium theory -that players may have to give up theirindividual optimal solution in order toachieve an overall stable equilibriumsolution is still hard to accept in partic-ular for private companies that wereused to concentrate on their individualprofits. This is perhaps the biggesthurdle to be taken to arrive at sustain-able logistics; it involves not only smartbusiness solutions but more important achange of mind. and indeed trust in thevalue of collaboration.
A similar change of mind is requested toimplement ideas of re-use of products orcomponents, both via (electronic)second markets or directly from disman-tling disposed products in closed loopsupply chains, as an example of the cir-cular economy. Also, the rising attentionfor sharing economy concepts (as e.g. incar sharing, cloud computing, musicstreaming) may have important conse-quences for supply chain design, plan-ning and control in that the focus will atleast partially switch from deliveringproducts to delivering services.
Trends and Challenges in Logistics
and Supply Chain Management
by Henk Zijm
In today’s global economies, logistics isa key facilitator of trade, and hence animportant factor in rising prosperity andwelfare. Natural resources are scarce andnot evenly distributed in terms of typeand geographical location in the world.Logistic chains enable the distribution ofmaterials, food and products from thelocations where they are extracted, har-vested or produced to people’s homesand nearby stores. At the same time, cur-rent logistics systems are fundamentallyunsustainable, due to the emission ofhazardous materials (CO2, NOx, particu-late matter), congestion, stench, noiseand the high price that has to be paid interms of infrastructural load. Things areeven getting worse: while the EuropeanCommission has set (not achieved) tar-gets to reduce Greenhouse GasEmissions (GGE) in 2015 to 60 % ascompared to 1990, the percentage oftransport related GGE increased from 25 % in 1990 to 36 % today.
The still growing world populationstresses the need to further increase pro-ductivity while at the same time dimin-ishing the ecological and societal foot-print. This requires a quality upgrade ofthe human resource pool by better educa-tion and training, including lifelonglearning programs. Productivity can alsobe improved by better support tools,easier access to relevant information, andfurther automation of both technicalprocesses (i.e. robotics) and decisionmaking (artificial intelligence). The sametools might also help to reduce border-crossing logistics systems’ vulnerabilityto crime and illicit acts, such as theft,organized immigration crime (humantrafficking) and customs law violations.
The continuing urbanization poses a fur-ther challenge. The development ofwealth in Asia and Latin America hasresulted in a huge shift from agriculturaland nomadic forms of living to urbanlife. More and more cities with over tenmillion inhabitants have emerged,requiring different modes of transportand logistics systems than availabletoday. There is an increasing interde-pendency between supply chain design
