SPE Distinguished Lecturer Program

Primary funding is provided by

The SPE Foundation through member donations

and a contribution from Offshore Europe

The Society is grateful to those companies that allow their professionals to serve as lecturers

Additional support provided by AIME

Society of Petroleum Engineers

Distinguished Lecturer Programwww.spe.org/dl

Hani Elshahawi (FEAST)

Shell International E&P Inc.

Feb 2011-1 Hous1ton, Texas

Real-Time Monitoring and Control

in Formation Testing Applications

The Robotic Geologist

Image adapted from NASA website (http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov)

Remote-Controlled Surgery

Pictures courtesy of Intuitive Surgical Inc.

Mean while in the oil business...

Rep. Bruce Braley, D-Iowa to

Transocean CEO, Steve Newman:

"So you have no mirrored data device so that information is

recorded at some location other

than rig itself?"

Newman: "We do not have

real-time off-rig monitoring of

what's going on the vessel."

Lessons from Macondo

Real-Time Monitoring and Control

Requirements

� Secure web link

� Minimal delay

� Bi-directional

Operating Center

Oil company

Service Company

Wellsite

Benefits

� Travel, logistics

� HSE, personnel security

� Decision making when it counts

� Interdisciplinary collaboration/knowledge transfer

• Volumetrics

• Deliverability

• Completion

• Topsides

• Facilities

• Valuation

Why Formation Testing?

Image courtesy of Schlumberger

• Pressures

• Gradients and Contacts

• Sampling

• Downhole fluid analysis

• Permeability

• Insitu stress testing

Formation Testing Applications

Animation courtesy of Halliburton

Trends in Formation Testing

• Ever more challenging conditions

• Increasingly more complex tools

• Much more than data acquisition

• Design, execution, and evaluation

• Real time monitoring and control a MUST!

Image Courtesy of Baker Hughes

Example Real Time Decisions

• Adequate pressures and samples?

• Best place for sampling?

• Flowing pressure > saturation/solids onset?

• Mud contamination?

• Capture sample?

• Downhole fluid analysis?

• Stable pressure transient?Image Courtesy of Schlumberger

Real Time Enables Integration

• Different Technologies

• Various Disciplines

• Design, Execution and Evaluation

SPE 109862 (2007) and SPE 112947 (2008)

Image Courtesy of GeoservicesA Schlumberger Company

• Efficient extraction

• Improved transfer

• Quantified mud effect

• Enhanced analysis

• Real time analysis

Advanced Mud Gas Logging

Downhole Fluid Analysis

Resistivity

Density Viscosity

Press

Temp

FluorescenceRefractometer

Spectrometer

OD=0

OD=1

OD=2

OD=3

C6+C1 �C2-C5

ProbeModule

Packer

Module1 m

2 m

Second observation probe possible at 4.5 or 7m

Observation probe for monitoring while producing

(Producing Interval)

ProbeModule

Packer

Module1 m

2 m

Second observation probe possible at 4.5 or 7m

Observation probe for monitoring while producing

(Producing Interval)

2 m

1 m

Observation probe for

monitoring interference

signal during flow

Second observation

probe possible at 4.5-7m

Packer Module

Producing Interval

Pressure Transient Analysis

Real Time Monitoring and Control A platform for Integration

Example – I Compositional Grading

Example – I Density and GOR

2,000 2,750 3,500

GOR (scf/stb)

0.49 0.52 0.55

Density (g/cc)

0.8 1.3 1.8

Fluorescence

X500

X700

X900

6,800 7,100

Pressure (psi)

De

pth

(ft) Oil

Water

Example – I EOS Modeling

Example – I Geochemistry

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00

1/1+2

1/1+3

2/2+3

3/3+4

4/4+5

5/5+7

7/7+9

7/7+8+9

8+9/8+9+10

10/10+11

10/10+12

11/11+12 82 ft

121 ft

161 ft

188 ft

218 ft

DFA Mass Fraction (%)

(F) 0.66 g/cc from Sample �

(G) 0.66 g/cc from Sample �

(J) 0.63 g/cc from Sample �(H) 0.64 g/cc from Sample �

(I) 0.66 g/cc from Sample �

Accuracy of ±±±± 0.01 g/cc !

Example - II Real Time Optimization

C1 12.5C2-C5 4.2C6+ 83.3

C1 14.2C2-C5 5.6C6+ 80.3

C1 12.1C2-C5 4.1C6+ 83.8

C1 13.9C2-C5 5.6C6+ 80.5

C1 12.5C2-C5 4.2C6+ 83.3

CAL GR

X100

X200

X300

X400

0.67

0.67

0.62

0.65

0.67

Example - IIFinal Integration

2,700

X050

X100

X150

X200

X250

X300

X350

X400

X450

900 1,100 1,300 1,500

Depth

with o

ffset (

ft)

J

G

F

H

I

1000 1500

-55 -50

0 2 4

GOR (Scf/bbl)C1 RELATIVE CONCENTRATION

0 150

Re

lati

ve

De

pth

(ft

)

5500 6000

PRESSURE (Psia)

GR (GAPI)

0.67g/cc

0.67g/cc

0.62 g/cc

0.65 g/cc

0.67g/cc

δδδδ13C METHANE (per mil)

Higher C1 concentration corresponds to lower density fluid J

90 ft

Packer

Probe 1

Probe 2

0.866 g/cc0.87 g/cc

Example - III Pressure Transient Analysis

Example III – Real Time Evaluation

Packer Delta Pressure

Probe-1 Delta Pressure

0

0.6

1.2

1.8

2.4

3

De

lta

Pre

ss

ure

(p

si)

0

2

4

6

8

10

De

lta

Pre

ss

ure

(p

si)

0 1.5 3 4.5 6 7.50

10

20

30

40

50

Time (hour)

De

lta

Pre

ss

ure

(p

si)

Probe-2

Probe-1

Packer

B/Up B/Up

Flowrate~0.4 gpm

Flowrate~0.5 gpm

Probe-2 Derivative

Packer Derivative

Probe-1 DerivativeProbe-2 Delta Pressure

Learnings and Recommendations

• Plan the execution - execute the plan

• Experience matters

Real time monitoring is key in all the above!

• Never walk away with insufficient data

• Integrate…integrate…integrate

• Identify main objectives and challenges

Monitoring

Control

Monitoring

Control

Real Time Monitoring and Controlin Formation Testing applications

• Decision making

• Optimization

• Integration

Any where Any time