Spanish-American WarSpanish-American WarI.I. Imperialism peaks in Europe in Imperialism peaks in Europe in

late 1800slate 1800sA. controlled Africa and AsiaA. controlled Africa and AsiaB. 4 factors for imperialistic B. 4 factors for imperialistic

activities:activities:1. economic factors: 1. economic factors:

a. growtha. growthb. natural resourcesb. natural resourcesc. markets for tradec. markets for trade

2. nationalistic factors: 2. nationalistic factors: a. a. competitioncompetitionb. devotionb. devotionc. ideals and goals superiorc. ideals and goals superiord. protect interestsd. protect interests3. military factors: 3. military factors: a. advanced technologya. advanced technologyb. developed armies and b. developed armies and naviesnaviesc. military bases for fuel and c. military bases for fuel and suppliessupplies

4. humanitarian factors: 4. humanitarian factors: a. dutya. dutyspread Western spread Western

civilizationcivilizationi. law, medicine, and i. law, medicine, and

Christian religionChristian religionC. U.S. expansionC. U.S. expansion

1. 1823, Monroe Doctrine1. 1823, Monroe Doctrinea. warned Europeansa. warned Europeansb. main foreign policy of U.S.b. main foreign policy of U.S.c. supports U.S. imperialismc. supports U.S. imperialism

2. 1830s-1850s, Manifest 2. 1830s-1850s, Manifest DestinyDestinya. conquer U.S. from Atlantic to a. conquer U.S. from Atlantic to Pacific OceanPacific Oceanb. 1848, Mexican-American Warb. 1848, Mexican-American Wari. Treaty of Guadalupe i. Treaty of Guadalupe HidalgoHidalgoii. gained California, Arizona, ii. gained California, Arizona, New New Mexico, Texas, Mexico, Texas, Colorado, Utah, & Colorado, Utah, & NevadaNevadaiii. $15 million to Mexicoiii. $15 million to Mexico

3. 1853, U.S. Navy forced Japan to 3. 1853, U.S. Navy forced Japan to trade w/ U.S.trade w/ U.S.4. 1860s, expanded trade w/ China4. 1860s, expanded trade w/ China

a. Open-Door Policya. Open-Door Policy5. 1867, bought Alaska from Russia5. 1867, bought Alaska from Russia

a. $7.2 milliona. $7.2 million6. 1875, signed trade treaty w/ 6. 1875, signed trade treaty w/ Hawaii for duty-free sugar Hawaii for duty-free sugar

a. taken over in 1893a. taken over in 18937. 1870s, No Transfer Resolution7. 1870s, No Transfer Resolution

D. U.S. arguments for expansionD. U.S. arguments for expansion1. 1890s, promote economic 1. 1890s, promote economic growthgrowtha. built economic powera. built economic powerb. new markets for tradeb. new markets for tradec. created banana republicsc. created banana republics2. protecting American security2. protecting American securitya. built navy to protect markets a. built navy to protect markets abroad from rivalsabroad from rivalsb. 1881, built battleshipb. 1881, built battleshipU.S.S. U.S.S. MaineMaine

c. By 1900, U.S. had powerful navyc. By 1900, U.S. had powerful navy3. preserve American spirit3. preserve American spirit

a. quest for empirea. quest for empirebring back bring back pioneer spiritpioneer spirit

b. social Darwinismb. social Darwinismcertain racial certain racial and and national groups superior to othersnational groups superior to others4. Americans lean toward expansion4. Americans lean toward expansion

a. supported conquest of Native a. supported conquest of Native AmericansAmericans

b. did not want to rule foreign b. did not want to rule foreign peoplespeoples

i. led to warsi. led to wars

II. The Spanish-American WarII. The Spanish-American WarA. Steps to WarA. Steps to War1. 1898, riots in Havana1. 1898, riots in Havana2. McKinley put 2. McKinley put USS MaineUSS Maine in in Cuban Cuban harbor to protect Americansharbor to protect Americans3. 3. de Lôme letterde Lôme letter (Spanish (Spanish ambassador) ambassador) ridiculed Pres. McKinleyridiculed Pres. McKinley4. 4. USS MaineUSS Maine explosion explosiona. accidental fire set off by a. accidental fire set off by ammunitionammunitionb. Spain blamedb. Spain blamedc. Americans wanted warc. Americans wanted war

5. 5. PhilippinesPhilippinesa. Filipinos rebelleda. Filipinos rebelledb. Theodore Roosevelt thought b. Theodore Roosevelt thought Philippines key base to protect US Philippines key base to protect US interests in Asiainterests in Asiac. Admiral Dewey ordered to attack c. Admiral Dewey ordered to attack Spain in Philippines if war startsSpain in Philippines if war starts6. 6. McKinley’s war messageMcKinley’s war messagea. sent Spain list of demandsa. sent Spain list of demandsb. Spain accepted all, except Cuban b. Spain accepted all, except Cuban independenceindependencecc. Congress authorized war after . Congress authorized war after McKinley’s message, “Remember McKinley’s message, “Remember the the MaineMaine!” !”

B. “A Splendid Little War”B. “A Splendid Little War”1. 11. 1stst action took place in the action took place in the

PhilippinesPhilippinesa. Admiral Dewey launched a. Admiral Dewey launched surprise attack and destroyed surprise attack and destroyed Spain’s entire Pacific fleet (7 Spain’s entire Pacific fleet (7 hours)hours)b. Rough Riders, led by T. b. Rough Riders, led by T. Roosevelt got most attention in Roosevelt got most attention in CubaCubac. US Navy sank every Spanish c. US Navy sank every Spanish shipshipd. 2,500 Americans died, <400 d. 2,500 Americans died, <400

died in battledied in battle

C. Treaty of ParisC. Treaty of Paris1. signed Dec. 18981. signed Dec. 18982. Spain recognized Cuban 2. Spain recognized Cuban independenceindependence3. Spain received $20 million for 3. Spain received $20 million for Philippines, Guam, & Puerto RicoPhilippines, Guam, & Puerto Ricoa. “unincorporated” a. “unincorporated” territories of US territories of US (can’t be (can’t be states of US)states of US)4. treaty barely passed in Senate4. treaty barely passed in Senatea. many wanted territories to a. many wanted territories to become statesbecome states