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spainstatistical profile no.19january 2010
spainstatistical
profile no.19january 2010
spain Statistical Profile
introductiontospain
The crowns of the Christian kingdoms of Castile and Aragon were united by the marriage of Isabella I and Ferdinand II in 1469. This unification settled the basis for the Spanish Empire and modern Spain. In the 16th century and first half of the 17th century, Spain became the strongest kingdom in Europe and the leading world power.
In the 20th century, Spain remained neutral in World Wars I and II but suffered through a devastating civil war from 1936 to 1939.1 After the civil war, Spain is marked by the 36-year dictatorship of General Francisco Franco until the death of the dictator in 1975. Nowadays, Spain is a democratic constitutional monarchy with a National Parliament, formed by the Congress of Deputies and the Senate, that is elected every 4 years.
Spain has an area of 505,955 km2, with the mainland located on the Iberian Peninsula, delimited to the west by Portugal and to the north by Andorra and France. The rest of the territory is two groups of islands, the Canary Islands located in the Atlantic Ocean and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. Moreover, Spanish dominion includes two autonomous cities - Ceuta and Melilla - bordering Morocco in Northern Africa.2
Due to the baby boom in the 1960s, Spain’s population increased from 18,616,630 inhabitants in 1900 to 39,433,942 in 1991.3 In 2009, the population of Spain officially reached 46 million people.4 Spanish is the official language nationwide, however, three other languages are co-official: Basque, Catalan and Galician.
Spain is the world’s ninth largest economy with nominal GDP at US $1.395 trillion, corresponding to US $30,588 per capita.5 The President of the European Central Bank, Mr. Jean-Claude Trichet, affirms that Spain’s performance in reducing unemployment from 1997 to 2008 has been remarkable.6 However, Spain has finished the year 2009 with one of the highest unemployment rates in Europe (18.9%).7
Marc Grau i Grau
About this Statistical Profile
Organizations striving to be employers-of-choice in different countries around the world need access to current information about the economic, social, political, and demographic characteristics of the countries where their employees live and work.
The Country Profile Series focuses on statistics that can guide decision-making at the workplace: workforce highlights, economic highlights, and population highlights. This CountryProfile is part of a set of resources about Spain available on the website of the Global Perspectives Institute:www.bc.edu/agingandwork.
Portugal
Morocco Algeria
France
Spain
Sponsored by:
http://www.bc.edu/agingandwork2
laborforcehighlights
59.8% of the total Spanish population is in the labor force, which includes persons àage 16 and above.8
The economically active population in Spain is projected to increase from 21.9 million àin 2007 to 22.7 million by 2020. The “economically active population” comprises all persons of either sex who furnish the supply of labor for the production of goods and services during a specified time reference period.8
The unemployed rate went from 13.9% in November 2008 to 19.3% in September à2009. Spain and Latvia have the highest unemployment rate among the European Union.9
In 2008, the number of average hours worked by Spanish employees was 34.7 hours àper week in comparison to 37.6 hours in France and 40.1 hours in Greece.8
In 2008, 12.5% of the total labor force was working part-time. à 10
15.8% of the total civilian employed labor force reported being self-employed in à2008.10
59.8% of the Spanish population is employed, compared to 67.8% in Canada or 66.0% in United States.
59.8% of the Spanish population is employed, compared to 49.3% in Italy and 53.5% in Greece.
Figure 1a. Employed as Percent of Total Population - Selected Regional Countries (Age 15+), 2008
Figure 1b. Employed as Percent of Total Population - Selected GNI Countries (Age 15+), 2008
Source: ILO8
Source: ILO8
0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0%
Spain
Portugal
Italy
Greece
France
53.5
62.5
59.8
56.6
49.3
0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0%United States
United Kingdom
Spain
Russia
Japan
Italy
Germany
France
Canada
49.3
60.2
56.667.8
58.8
62.659.8
62.5
66.0
spainstatistical profile no.19january 2010
Figure 2. Employment Rate, Ages 15-64, by Gender, Spain and Comparable Countries
Figure 3. Employment Rates in Spain, within age group, 2007
Figure 3 shows the employment rates for each group in Spain in 2007. The two prevalent age groups of the employment populations are 25-34 (79.2%) and 35-44 (78.2%) years of age.
The distribution of the employment rate within age groups follow similar patterns in all the countries considered. France and Portugal are the nations characterized by highest employment rates while Italy’s employment rates are the lowest.
Spain has one of the lowest rates of employment for women (54.9%) in the 15-64 age group. The male employment rate was instead 73.5%, slightly higher than France and Italy.
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
65+55-6445-5435-4425-3415-24
78.2
2
72.1
44.6
79.2
39.1
Source: Eurostat9
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
United States
United Kingdom
Spain
Japan
Italy
Germany
France
European Unionw(15 countries)
European Union(27 countries)
Male
Female
47.2
60.4
77.365.8
81.6
54.9
76.4
69.6
59.7
65.5
73.5
70.3
65.4
75.9
60.4
74.2
59.172.8
Figure 4. Employment Rates in Spain Compared to Selected Regional Countries, within age group, 2007
Source: : INE (National Institute of Statistics)10
France
Greece
Portugal
0.0%
20.0%
40.0%
60.0%
80.0%
100.0%
65+55-6445-5435-4425-34
Spain
15-14
Italy
Source: : INE (National Institute of Statistics)10
http://www.bc.edu/agingandwork4
The economically active population in Spain is expected to increase in correspondence of all the age groups considered.
Both the male and female economically active population is expected to increase for individuals older than 45, and decrease among those aged in the age group of 20-44.
Figure 5a. Current & Projected Economically Active Population Estimates and Projections in Spain, within age group, 2008 and 2020
Figure 5b. Current & projected % of Total Population Economically Active in Spain, by gender, 2008 and 2020
Source: ILO8
Source: ILO8
0.0%
20.0%
40.0%
60.0%
80.0%
100.0%
65+60-6455-5950-5445-4940-4435-3930-3425-2920-2415-19
20082020
27.1
83.083.886.185.985.2
66.9
38.536.7
59.2
72.7
85.2
2.21.9
72.3
81.880.1
87.485.8
87.8
70.7
27.8
0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0%
2020 Female
2008 Female
2020 Male
2008 Male15-19
20-44
45+1.8
23.4
1.3
1.2
26.3
14.5
22.4
1.9
42.7
27.0
31.9
30.6
spainstatistical profile no.19january 2010
GDP growth in Spain has been the highest from 2000 to 2008 among countries considered.
Spain’s public debt was the lowest in 2008 among countries considered. Italy’s public debt was the highest.
Figure 6. GDP Growth, Spain and comparable countries, 2000-2008
Figure 7. Total Public Debt as Percentage of GDP, selected regional countries, 2008
Source: Eurostat9
Source: CIA1
2000-1%
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
2008200720062005200320022001 2004
France
United Kingdom
Italy European Union (27 countries)
United States
Spain Germany
Portugal
Japan
0.0% 20.0% 40.0% 60.0% 80.0% 100.0% 120.0%
Greece
Portugal
Italy
Spain
France
Germany
97.4
66.4
105.8
40.7
61.1
66.0
economichighlights
Gross Domestic Product per capita in Spain was $30,589 in 2008. This compares to à$34,205 in France, $30,631 in Italy, and in $47,440 in the United States in the same year.5
The gross domestic product of Spain grew at an average of 3.3% during the period àof 2000-2008. Growth rate peaked in 2000 at 5.0% and was 0.9% in 2008.9
http://www.bc.edu/agingandwork6
demographichighlights
In 2009, the Spanish population was 46,661,9502, compared to 58,126,212 for Italy àand 64,057,792 for France.1
According to The World Factbook, total fertility rate for Spanish women is 1.3 àchildren per woman, the same rate that Italy. In the other hand, fertility rate for France is 1.98.1 Total Fertility rate indicates the number of children to be born to a woman during her reproductive span of her life.
In Spain the ratio of the population aged 65 and over to the total population is 18.1 àin 2009 (est.). This ratio is 20.2 in Italy, 20.3 in Germany and 16.4 in France.1
Figure 8. Median Age, by Gender, Regional Comparisions, 2008
Source: CIA1
Source: CIA1
The median age for the Spanish population in 2008 was 39.7 years for men and 42.5 years for women.
The life expectancy at birth for the Spanish population in 2008 was 76 years for men and 83 years for women.
0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0%
Italy
Germany
Spain
France
Male
Total
Female42.6
40.9
44.8
42.5
41.1
45.238.0
41.8
39.7
43.8
39.443.3
Figure 9. Life Expectancy at Birth [Regional Comparisions, 2008] [developed nations comparable by GDP, developing nations comparable by region]
70 74 78 82 86 90
France
Germany
Spain
Italy
Male
Female
77.3
82.484.3
76.7
83.6
83.3
77.8
76.3
80.1
80.2
81.079.3
Total
spainstatistical profile no.19january 2010
The distribution of the Spanish population in 2009 is characterized by a high concentration of the population in the 30-49 age group, for both males and females.
Figure 10a. Population Distribution of Spain, 2009
Figure 10b. Population Distribution of Spain, 2025
Source: U.S. Census Bureau11
Source: U.S. Census Bureau11
0 1 2 3 4 5
100+
90-9495-99
85-8980+75-7970-7465-6960-6455-59
45-4940-4435-39
% of Population
Male Female
30-3425-2920-2415-1910-145-90-4
50-54
023 145
0 1 2 3 4 5
100+
90-9495-99
85-8980+
75-7970-7465-6960-6455-59
45-4940-4435-39
% of Population
Male Female
30-3425-2920-2415-1910-145-90-4
50-54
023 145
In Spain, the distribution of the population is characterized by a high concentration of àindividuals between the ages of 30-49, for both males and females. Similar population distributions are observed for Italy and France (see Figures 10a-10d-10g).11
Over time, the Spanish population distribution is expected to constantly increase àin the 75+ age group.
http://www.bc.edu/agingandwork8
The distribution of the Italian population in 2009 is similar to the Spanish population, characterized by a high concentration of the population in the age group 30-49, for both males and females.
Figure 10d. Population Distribution of Italy, 2009
Figure 10e. Population Distribution of France, 2009
0 1 2 3 4 5
100+
90-9495-99
85-8980+75-7970-7465-6960-6455-59
45-4940-4435-39
% of Population
Male Female
30-3425-2920-2415-1910-145-90-4
50-54
0108 64 235 1
0 1 2 3 4 5
100+
90-9495-99
85-8980+75-7970-7465-6960-6455-59
45-4940-4435-39
% of Population
Male Female
30-3425-2920-2415-1910-145-90-4
50-54
0108 64 235 1
Figure 10c. Population Distribution of Spain, 2050
Source: U.S. Census Bureau11
0 1 2 3 4 5345
100+
90-9495-99
85-8980+75-7970-7465-6960-6455-59
45-4940-4435-39
% of Population
Male Female
30-3425-2920-2415-1910-145-90-4
50-54
0108 64 235 1
Source: US Census Bureau11
Source: US Census Bureau11
spainstatistical profile no.19january 2010
references
1 Central Intelligence Agency. (2009). The world factbook 2009. Retrieved November 2, 2009, from https://
www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sp.html
2 Spain.info. (2010). Retrieved March 5, 2010, from http://www.spain.info/sobre_espanha/geografia/situa-
cion_geografrica.html?l=es
3 INE (National Institute of Statistics). (2010). De facto pupulation figures from 1900 until 1991. Retrieved
March 5, 2010 from http://www.ine.es/jaxiBD/tabla.do?per=12&type=db&divi=DPOH&idtab=2
4 INE (National Institute of Statistics). (2009). Nota de Prensa, 3 de junio 2009. Retrieved November 2, 2009,
from http://www.ine.es/prensa/np551.pdf.
5 International Monetary Fund. (2009). World economic outlook database. Retrieved November 16, 2009, from
http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2009/02/weodata/index.aspx.
6 European Central Bank. (2010). Speech by Jean-Claude Trichet, President of the ECB. Madrid, February 15,
2008, from http://www.ecb.int/press/key/date/2008/html/sp080215.en.html
7 Eurostat. (2010). Retrieved March 5, 2010, from http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/statis-
tics/search_database
8 International Labor Organisation. (2009). LABORSTA Internet. Retrieved November 2, 2009, from http://
laborsta.ilo.org/
9 Eurostat. (2008). Retrieved November 2, 2009, from http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/
statistics/search_database
10 INE (National Institute of Statistics in Spain). (2007). Encuesta de Población Activa. Retrieved November 2,
2009, from http://www.ine.es/jaxi/menu.do?type=pcaxis&path=%2Ft22/e308_mnu&file=inebase&L=0
11 U.S. Censu Bureau. (2008). International Database. Retrieved November 2, 2009, from http://www.census.
gov/ipc/www/idb
http://www.bc.edu/agingandwork10
Marc Grau i Grau, is a doctoral candidate in Social Policy at the University of Edinburgh. Marc has
obtained a MBA from ESADE Business School and a MA in Political and Social Sciences from University
Pompeu Fabra in Barcelona, Spain. Currently, Marc serves as a Research Assistant at the International
Center of Work and Family in IESE Business School. Marc is involved in IFREI project and different
projects that focus on Work Family Balance, and has worked as a Western European Travel Manager in
Henkel Group.
abouttheinstitute
Established in 2007 by the Sloan Center on Aging & Work at Boston College, the Global Perspectives Institute is an international collaboration of scholars and employers committed to the expansion of the quality of employment available to the 21st century multi-generational workforce in countries around the world.
The Global Perspectives Institute focuses on innovative and promising practices that might be adopted by employers and policy-makers.
The Institute’s research, publications, and international forums contribute to:
a deeper understanding of the employment experiences and career aspirations of àemployees of different ages who work in countries around the world;
informed decision making by employers who want to be employers-of-choice in àdifferent countries; and
innovative thinking about private-public partnerships that promote sustainable, high- àquality employment.
The Sloan Center on Aging & Work at Boston College promotes quality of employment as an imperative for the 21st century multi-generational workforce. We integrate evidence from research with insights from workplace experiences to inform innovative organizational decision making. Collaborating with business leaders and scholars in a multi-disciplinary dialogue, the Center develops the next generation of knowledge and talent management.
The Sloan Center on Aging & Work is grateful for the continued support of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.
Country Context Team Leaders
Marcie Pitt-Catsouphes, Director, Sloan Center on Aging and Work
Tay K. McNamara, Director of Research, Sloan Center on Aging and Work
Jungui Lee, Postdoctoral researcher, Sloan Center on Aging and Work
spainstatistical profile no.19january 2010
For additional Sloan Center publications, visit our website at www.bc.edu/agingandwork
Global Statistical Profile 01 - Japan
Global Statistical Profile 02 - United States
Global Statistical Profile 03 - Pakistan
Global Statistical Profile 04 - South Korea
Global Statistical Profile 05 - China
Global Statistical Profile 06 - Greece
Global Statistical Profile 07 - Armenia
Global Statistical Profile 08 - Italy
Global Statistical Profile 09 - Singapore
Global Statistical Profile 10 - Denmark
Global Statistical Profile 11 - South Africa
Global Statistical Profile 12 - India
Global Statistical Profile 13 - Kenya
Global Statistical Profile 14 - Australia
Global Statistical Profile 15 - Germany
Global Statistical Profile 16 - France
Global Statistical Profile 17 - Sweden
Global Statistical Profile 18 - United Kingdom
