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The Studio System
The Box Office Art within, not vs,
Capitalism
Cinema is the mostexpensive art form
Cheap shows for cheappeople
Popular art as opposed tothe European artistic ideal
Differences based on socialconditions after WWI
Queen Christina
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The Studio System
The Big 5 Paramount - 25%
Warner Bros. - 25%
Twentieth Century Fox
MGM
RKO
The Remaining 10%
Columbia
Universal
United Artists
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The Studio System
Stars wereinvestments and
properties for themajor studios
Were loaned toother studios
Greta Garbo
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The Studio System
Paramount Adolph Zukor
Most sophisticated studio
Refined block booking
Originated by ThomasInce in the 20s
Produce Exactly As
Written
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The Studio System
Stars & Directors Cary Grant
Marlene Dietrich Gary Cooper
Carole Lombard
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The Studio System
Preston Sturges Sullivans Travels
Ernst Lubitsch Trouble in Paradise
Josef vonSternnberg
The Scarlett Empress
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The Studio System
Warner Brothers Torn from the
headlines Darryl F. Zanuck &
Hal B. Wallis
The Jazz Singer
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The Studio System
Stars James Cagney
Edward G. Robinson Bette Davis
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The Studio System
Public Enemy
I am a Fugitive froma Chain Gang
Little Caesar
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The Studio System
20th Century Fox Darryl F. Zanuck
Biographies,Detectives and,oddly enough, qualityliterary
adaptation
The Grapes of Wrath
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The Studio System
20th Century Fox
Movietone News
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The Studio System
Stars Janet Gaynor
Shirley Temple Will Rogers
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The Studio System
MGM Irving Thalberg, the
Boy Wonder
Hands-onmanagement of alltalent soon emulatedby everyone
Hired literary figuressuch as F. Scott
Fitzgerald, DorothyParker, Ben Hecht
Genius of promotionwith Garbo Talks!Anna Christie
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The Studio System
Louis B. Mayerousted Thalbergbefore his death at
age 37 Crowd-pleasing
lavish musicals
The Great Ziegfeld &
Broadway Melody of 1936
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The Studio System
The Wizard of Oz
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The Studio System
The Stars Judy Garland
Clark Gable Joan Crawford
James Stewart
Katharine Hepburn
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The Studio System
RKO David O. Selznick
29 years old
Also worked atParamount, MGM(Gone with the Wind)and his own
company distributingthrough UnitedArtists
King Kong
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The Studio System
The Stars Irene Dunne
Fred Astaire Katharine Hepburn
The Awful Truth
& Top Hat
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The Studio System
The Directors John Ford
Stagecoach George Cukor
Little Women
George Stevens
Gunga Din
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The Studio System
A films Big stars
Literary adaptations Large budget
Captains Courageous
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The Studio System
B films Not so famous actors
Some genre films Many directors
started this way
Dracula
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The Studio System
Serials
Raiders of the
Lost Ark
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The Studio System
The Philadelphia Story(1940) Starring Katharine Hepburn,
Cary
Grant, James Stewart
Dir. George Cukor Based on Broadway play by PhilipBarry who
wrote The PhiladelphiaStoryspecifically for KatharineHepburn who
backed the play,foregoing a salary in return for a
percentage of the play's profits
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The Studio System
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The Studio System Katharine Hepburn, 1907-2003
4 Best Actress Oscars, 12 nominations plus one Emmy
Athletic, graduate of Bryn Mawr, she demanded $1500/week from
RKO in 1932, which,amazingly, they gave her
Real non-conformist wore pants, no make up, intellectual,
outspoken, refused to signautographs and answer personal questions
she was nicknamed "Katharine ofArrogance" and in 1938 was voted Box
Office Poison in a poll
Married once briefly, she never married the love of her life,
Spencer Tracy, who wasmarried to someone else - they were together
off and on from 1942 to his death in 1967and they never discussed
their relationship publically
Last film in 1984 TV in 1994
Films include:A Bill of Divorcement, Christopher Strong, Alice
Adams, Little Women,Stage Door, Bringing Up Baby, Adams Rib, The
African Queen, Summertime, On GoldPond, The Rainmaker, The Lion in
Winter, Guess Whos Coming To Dinner, SuddenlyLast Summer, Long Days
Journey into Night, Pat & Mike, Holiday, Sylvia
Scarlett,Morning Glory
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The Studio System
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The Studio System Cary Grant, 1904-1986
Born Archibald Leach, an English acrobat, became the
definitionof suave, handsome and debonair
Once told by an interviewer, "Everybody would like to be
CaryGrant," Grant is said to have replied, "So would I."
At ease with comedy, he starred in many in the 1930s
Was top male star for several decades
Hitchcock said he was the only actor he ever loved
Retired from film in the 1960s Married 5 times, the last to a
women 47 years his junior
Found peace through LSD
Films include: Blonde Venus, She Done Him Wrong, Holiday,Gunga
Din, His Girl Friday, Suspicion, Notorious, The Awful Truth,My
Favorite Wife, North By Northwest, Charade, To Catch aThief ,
Bringing Up Baby
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The Studio System
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The Studio System James Stewart, 1908-1997
Portrayed many iconic roles in American Film althoughnot
immediately successful because of his gangly looksand shy, bumbling
manner
Flew bombing missions over Germany in WWII &eventually
became a Brigadier General
One of the first independently contracted actors Married for 45
years to the same spouse!
5 Oscar nominations won forPhiladelphia Story
Famed later collaborations with Alfred Hitchcock andAnthony Mann
(Westerns)
Films include: You Cant Take It With You, Harvey, Its aWonderful
Life, Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, Vertigo,Rear Window, The Man
Who Knew Too Much, Rope,
Anatomy of a Murder, The Man Who Shot LibertyValance, Destry
Rides Again
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The Studio System George Cukor
Stage director recruited to Hollywood as adialogue coach
Fought to cast Katherine Hepburn in her first film &they
made 8 more together
Famous for his polish & the best of cornyHollywood, he was
also, somewhat unfairly,
labeled a womens director but was successful atgetting great
performances out of of divas of bothsexes including Great Garbo,
Joan Crawford, CaryGrant, John & Lionel Barrymore
Fired from Gone With the Windalthough hecoached the actresses
all through the shooting
Continued to work until 1981
Films include:A Bill of Divorcement, LittleWomen, Holiday,
Camille, The Philadelphia
Story, Adams Rib, Gaslight, A Star is Born,
Born Yesterday, My Fair Ladyand themovie that killed Garbos
career, Two-FacedWoman
