Sophia Stella...is one of many undergraduates who become involved, one way or another, in research performed at the university: Sophia Stella is one of

Sophia Stella...is one of many undergraduates Sophia Stella...is one of many undergraduates who become involved, one way or another, in who become involved, one way or another, in research performed at the university: research performed at the university:

Sophia Stella is one of many students who Sophia Stella is one of many students who participated somehow in undergraduate participated somehow in undergraduate research at Columbia’s School of research at Columbia’s School of Engineering.Engineering.

More to learnMore to learnMore to learnMore to learn

ParaphraseParaphrase

one way orone way or another:another:

somehow; however you can (perhaps somehow; however you can (perhaps despite some difficulty) despite some difficulty)

ExamplesExamples

• Almost every country becomes involved, Almost every country becomes involved, one way or anotherone way or another, when there’s a , when there’s a World War. World War.

• If you care about your work you’ll If you care about your work you’ll always get there on time, always get there on time, one way or one way or anotheranother. .

Students and professors agree that an Students and professors agree that an undergraduate research project can be undergraduate research project can be uniquely beneficial to both parties: uniquely beneficial to both parties:

Students and professors both find undergraduate Students and professors both find undergraduate research helpful.research helpful.



be beneficial:be beneficial:

ExamplesExamples

• Going to class more often may Going to class more often may be be beneficialbeneficial to your grade. to your grade.

• Encouraging people not to throw Encouraging people not to throw garbage on to the street garbage on to the street is beneficialis beneficial to to society. society.

be helpfulbe helpful

Ideally, undergraduate research is an Ideally, undergraduate research is an opportunity for the kind of intensive opportunity for the kind of intensive study that can expand the mind in study that can expand the mind in ways traditional courses can’t: ways traditional courses can’t:

Undergraduate research allows students Undergraduate research allows students to think more deeply for themselves than to think more deeply for themselves than traditional courses do. traditional courses do.



expand the mind:expand the mind:

stimulate curiosity and learningstimulate curiosity and learning

ExamplesExamples

• Reading Einstein’s biography Reading Einstein’s biography expanded expanded my mindmy mind as I began to understand the as I began to understand the Theory Theory of Relativity. of Relativity.

• You can You can expand your mindexpand your mind by traveling by traveling and meeting interesting people. and meeting interesting people.

it isn’t just... but rather... :it isn’t just... but rather... :

it’s true (that)... but it’s more important (that)...it’s true (that)... but it’s more important (that)...

ExamplesExamples

• It isn’t justIt isn’t just the stifling heat, the stifling heat, but ratherbut rather the the dripping humidity that makes Changsha dripping humidity that makes Changsha uncomfortable in the summer. uncomfortable in the summer.

• It isn’t justIt isn’t just the bad grade you got, the bad grade you got, but but ratherrather the lack of effort that bothered me. the lack of effort that bothered me.

When students see a discipline as When students see a discipline as evolving rather than fixed, they usually evolving rather than fixed, they usually get a lot more excited about learning: get a lot more excited about learning:

Students enjoy the process of seeing new Students enjoy the process of seeing new knowledge being created. knowledge being created.



see ... as... :see ... as... :

consider ...to be ..., regard ... as ...consider ...to be ..., regard ... as ...

ExamplesExamples

• It would be disappointing if youIt would be disappointing if you see see the the ugly building ugly building asas a work of art. a work of art.

• If you If you seesee the Beatles’ later songs the Beatles’ later songs as as poetry, you’ll understand them better. poetry, you’ll understand them better.

He also describes how creating a piece He also describes how creating a piece of original research instilled a “pride of of original research instilled a “pride of authorship” in his work: authorship” in his work:

Students are proud when they see their own Students are proud when they see their own work becoming part of the new knowledge work becoming part of the new knowledge created by the research. created by the research.



research done on one’s own, perhaps on a research done on one’s own, perhaps on a new topic or in search of new facts new topic or in search of new facts or or theories on an old topic theories on an old topic

original research:original research:

ExamplesExamples

• Anyone who earns a doctorate is expected Anyone who earns a doctorate is expected to do to do original researchoriginal research. .

• Many scientists competed to do Many scientists competed to do original original researchresearch that might prove or disprove that might prove or disprove Einstein’s new theory. Einstein’s new theory.


satisfaction at seeing one’s own work in printsatisfaction at seeing one’s own work in print

pride of authorship:pride of authorship:

ExamplesExamples

• It was his first publication, so his It was his first publication, so his pride of pride of authorshipauthorship was understandable even was understandable even though the article was very short. though the article was very short.

• I have no I have no pride of authorshippride of authorship in this draft, in this draft, so you may change it however you like. so you may change it however you like.

In some departments a research project In some departments a research project might constitute an honors thesis : might constitute an honors thesis :

A research project may meet a requirement in a A research project may meet a requirement in a special program for honors students, who must special program for honors students, who must write an extra research paper to graduatewrite an extra research paper to graduate


““with honors”.with honors”.

In most English speaking countries honors In most English speaking countries honors students may volunteer to do some extra students may volunteer to do some extra work not required of other students, and work not required of other students, and must have good grades to be admitted to must have good grades to be admitted to the honors program. the honors program.

honors thesis:honors thesis:


ExamplesExamples

• She had good grades but wanted to get She had good grades but wanted to get into graduate school, so she did an into graduate school, so she did an honors honors thesisthesis to impress the graduate admissions to impress the graduate admissions committee. committee.

• In Australia it’s expected that most future In Australia it’s expected that most future postgraduates will do an postgraduates will do an honors thesishonors thesis while they are still undergraduates.while they are still undergraduates.

honors thesis:honors thesis:

... Paid research work gives her an ... Paid research work gives her an opportunity to transform a work-study opportunity to transform a work-study job into an engaging aspect of her job into an engaging aspect of her education: education:

Working part-time for the college can be Working part-time for the college can be made more interesting and informative if made more interesting and informative if it involves research. it involves research.



part-time job on campuspart-time job on campus

work-study job:work-study job:

ExamplesExamples

• My My work-study jobwork-study job was to deliver inter- was to deliver inter-office mail on the campus, which office mail on the campus, which allowed me to meet many interesting allowed me to meet many interesting people while earning money to pay for people while earning money to pay for college. college.

• If you can’t get a If you can’t get a work-study jobwork-study job, you , you should look for a job off-campus. should look for a job off-campus.

a longer way to say “...ly” with the approa longer way to say “...ly” with the appropriate form.priate form.

on a ... basis:on a ... basis:

ExamplesExamples

• A spy operates secretly, in other words, A spy operates secretly, in other words, by obtaining information by obtaining information on aon a secret secret basisbasis. .

• I tutored my friend I tutored my friend on aon a volunteer volunteer basisbasis, , in other words, voluntarily. in other words, voluntarily.

Usually, these are students pursuing a Usually, these are students pursuing a career that requires some demonstration career that requires some demonstration of altruistic commitment, such as of altruistic commitment, such as medicine: medicine:

These students have chosen careers which involve These students have chosen careers which involve helping other people, such as being a doctor. helping other people, such as being a doctor.



(demonstration of ) altruistic commitment:(demonstration of ) altruistic commitment:

ExamplesExamples

• His willingness to work with AIDS His willingness to work with AIDS patients was a clear demonstration of patients was a clear demonstration of his his altruistic commitmentaltruistic commitment. .

• Dr. Bethune’s trip to China during the Dr. Bethune’s trip to China during the war demonstrated his war demonstrated his altruistic altruistic commitmentcommitment..

(evidence of) a desire to help other people(evidence of) a desire to help other people

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Sophia Stella...is one of many undergraduates who become involved, one way or another, in research performed at the university: Sophia Stella is one of