SOM_Lab

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SUBJECT: MECHANICS OF MATERIALS - II

LAB INCHARGE: KHURRAM HAMEED, PUNHAL SAHTO

LAB SUPERVISOR: AWIAS MEHMOOD

LABORATORY MANUAL

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Experiments

Experiment

No.

Object Page No.

1.

To compare the theoretical and experimental deflections of simply

supported beam at the mid span when a concentrated load is applied

at the mid span.

04

2.

To compare the theoretical and experimental deflections of simply

supported beam at any point across the beam span when a

concentrated load is applied at the mid span.

09

3. To calculate the theoretical and experimental values of maximum

slope for simply supported beam when a point load is applied at itsmid span.

14

4. To measure the deflection of point loading for simply supported

beam at any arbitrary distance from the left side support and awayfrom point load (i.e. at a distance from left side support).

17

5.

To compare the maximum values of theoretical and experimental

deflections of overhanging beam for the portion betweensupports behind the overhanging section.

20

6. To compare the theoretical and experimental deflections of

overhanging beam for the portion for any distance from leftside support of section.

24

7. To determine the central deflection of a fixed ended beam loaded at

mid span by point load and to compare with theoretical value.

27

8.

To perform compression test parallel to fibers on wooden cubes

when load is applied.

30

9. To determine the central deflection of a cantilever beam loaded at 34

10. To determine the central deflection of a cantilever beam loaded at

the free end by point load and to compare with theoretical value.

38

11.

To compare the theoretical and experimental deflections of fixed

beam at any point across the beam span when a concentrated load is

42

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applied at the mid span.

12. To determine the shear modulus and shear stress for a given shaft

using torsion apparatus.

45

13. To determine the diameter vertical deflection of a circular curved

bar.

48

14. To determine the vertical deflection of a semicircular curved bar. 50

15. To determine the vertical deflection of a quarter circular curved bar. 52

16. To Perform Impact Test on Izod Impact Testing Machine and

determine the modulus of toughness of a test specimen of given

material.

54

17. To perform Charpys Impact test on steel samples in Tension. 57

18. To investigate the parts and fatigue strength of materials through

Fatigue Testing Machine.

60

19.

To determine the modulus of elasticity and the modulus of rupture

of a wooden beam.

64

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EXPERIMENT No. 01

OBJECTIVE:-

To compare the theoretical and experimental deflections of simply supported beam at the mid

span when a concentrated load is applied at the mid span

APPARATUS:-

Beam deflection apparatus, dial gauge with magnetic stand, hangers, weights and specimen.

Beam deflection Apparatus

RELATED THEORY:-

Beams are structural members supporting loads applied at various points along the member.

A beam undergoes bending by the loads applied perpendicular to their axis of the structure.

Beams are supported in structures via different configurations.

Simply supported beam, Continues beam, cantilever beam, end supported beam, End

supported cantilever beam, combination beam, fixed beam

Consider a simply supported beam of length, L. The cross section is rectangular, with width,b, and depth, h.

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Concentrated load, W, is applied to the center of the simply supported beam.

The beam will bend downward as a result of the load w.

The deflection () is the vertical displacement of the of the beam as a result of the

load w.

The deflection () of a simply supported, center loaded beam can be calculated from

the following formula.

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EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:-

1)

Level the apparatus, measure the breadth and depth of the given beam cross-section and

place the beam on the supports so that the length between the supports is600 .2) Now set the dial gauge tip at the mid span of the beam and set the scale to zero reading,

neglecting the weight of the beam and that of the hanger.3)

Add 2load and read the deflection from the dial gauge scale.4)

Increase the load in fixed increments and for each load record the deflection.

5) Calculate the theoretical deflection for the used loads and compare with experimental

values.

6) Repeat the experiment for a 500 span for the same beam specimen.7) You can also repeat the entire experiment for another beam specimen.

8) Plot graphs of load against theoretical and experimental deflections and andshow the results on the same graph.

OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS

=concentrated load

= span length of beam between supports

modulus of elasticity of beam material (mild steel) = = 210 109 2

= breadth of beam

= depth of beam

moment of inertia of beam about an axis perpendicular to load = = 3

12

= experimental deflection

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theoratical deflection = = 3

48

=

Beam 1 ( =, =. , = )Obs.

() () () () () (%)1

2

3

4

5

67

8

9

10

Beam 2( =, =. , = )Obs.

() () () () () (%)1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Beam 3( =, =. , = )Obs.

(

) (

) (

) (

) (

) (%)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

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COMMENTS:-

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EXPERIMENT NO. 02

OBJECTIVE:-

To compare the theoretical and experimental deflections of simply supported beam at any

point across the beam span when a concentrated load is applied at the mid span

APPARATUS:-



RELATED THEORY:-

Beams are structural members supporting loads applied at various points along the member.

A beam undergoes bending by the loads applied perpendicular to their axis of the structure.

Beams are supported in structures via different configurations.

Simply supported beam, Continues beam, cantilever beam, end supported beam, End

supported cantilever beam, combination beam, fixed beam

Consider a simply supported beam of length, L. The cross section is rectangular, with width,b, and depth, h.

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Concentrated load, W, is applied to the center of the simply supported beam.

The beam will bend downward as a result of the load w.

The deflection () is the vertical displacement of the of the beam as a result of the

load w.

The deflection () of a simply supported, center loaded beam can be calculated from

the following formula.

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EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:-

1) Level the apparatus, measure the breadth and depth of the given beam cross-section

and place the beam on the supports so that the length between the supports is

600 .2) Now set the dial gauge tip at the mid span of the beam and set the scale to zero

reading, neglecting the weight of the beam and that of the hanger.

3) Add 2load and read the deflection from the dial gauge scale.4) Increase the load in fixed increments and for each load record the deflection.

5) Calculate the theoretical deflection for the used loads and compare with experimental

values.

6) Repeat the experiment for a 500 span for the same beam specimen.7) You can also repeat the entire experiment for another beam specimen.

8)

Plot graphs of load against theoretical and experimental deflections and and show the results on the same graph.


=concentrated load


modulus of elasticity of beam material (mild steel) =

= 2.1 105

2

= breadth of beam

= depth of beam


12


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48

=

Beam 1 ( =, =. , = )Obs.

() () () () () () (%)1

2

3

4

5

67

8

9

10

Beam 2( =, =. , = )Obs.

() () () () () () (%)1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Beam 3( =, =. , = )Obs.

(

) (

) (

) (

) (

) (

) (%)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

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COMMENTS:-

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EXPERIMENT NO. 03

OBJECTIVE:-

To calculate the theoretical and experimental values of maximum slope for simply supported

beam when a point load is applied at its mid span.

APPARATUS:-



EEPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:-

1)

Level the apparatus, measure the breadth and depth of the given beam cross-section and

place the beam on the supports so that the length between the supports is 600 .2) Now set the dial gauge tip at the mid span of the beam and set the scale to zero reading,

neglecting the weight of the beam and that of the hanger.

3)

Add 2load and read the deflection from the dial gauge scale. 4)

Increase the load in fixed increments and for each load record the deflection.

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5) Use graphical technique to find out experimental value of slope.

6) For this purpose draw a parabolic curve on graph paper or using AutoCAD by the help of

these points i.e. and. Now from the parabola drawn, calculate the value of slope

directly from the graph.7)

This Slope is measured by drawing at endsor and then calculate angle directlyfrom the graph at either of endsor.

8)

Experimental slope is then calculated by taking tangent of the angle measured.

9) Calculate the theoretical value of slopes for different loads by using the following

formula and compare with the corresponding experimental values.

10)

Repeat the experiment for a 500 span for the same beam specimen.11)

You can also repeat the entire experiment for another beam specimen.


=concentrated load


modulus of elasticity of beam material (mild steel) = = 2.1 105 2

= breadth of beam = depth of beam


12


= experimental slope a the ends

theoratical slope at the ends = = 2

16

=

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Beam 1 ( =, =. , = )Obs.

() () () () () () (%)1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Beam 2( =, =. , = )Obs.

() () () () () () (%)1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10Beam 3( =, =. , = )

Obs. () () () () () () (%)

1

2

3

4

5

6

78

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COMMENTS:-

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EXPERIMENT NO. 04

OBJECTIVE:-

To measure the deflection of a simply supported beam at any arbitrary distance from theleft side support under the point load

APPARATUS:-



EXPERIMENTALPROCEDURE:-

1) Level the apparatus, measure the breadth and depth of the given beam cross-section and

place the beam on the supports so that the length between the supports is 600 .2) Set the beam apparatus as simply supported beam and set the dial gauge tip at a distance

from left side support of beam so that >, where is the distance of dial gauge fromright hand support of the beam.

3)

Now place hanger at point and set the dial gauge scale to zero reading.

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4)

Neglecting the weight of the beam and that of the hanger, add 2 load and read thedeflection from the dial gauge scale.

5) Increase the load in fixed increments and for each load record the deflection. Calculate

the theoretical deflection for the used loads and compare with experimental values.

6)

Repeat the experiment for a 500 span for the same beam specimen.7) You can also repeat the entire experiment for another beam specimen.

8) Plot graphs of load against theoretical and experimental deflections and andshow the results on the same graph.


=

concentrated load


= distance of point load from left end support

= distance of point load from right end support

modulus of elasticity of beam material (mild steel) = = 2.1 105 2

= breadth of beam = depth of beam


12

= theortical deflection



3

=

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Beam 1 ( =, =. , = )Obs.

() () () () () () () (%)1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Beam 2 ( =, =. , = )Obs.

() () () () () () () (%)1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10Beam 3 ( =, =. , = )

Obs. () () () () () () () (%)

1

2

3

4

5

6

78

9

10

COMMENTS:-

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EXPERIMENT NO. 05

OBJECTIVE:-

To measure the deflection of point loading for simply supported beam at any arbitrary

distance from the left side support and away from point load (i.e. at a distance from leftside support).

APPARATUS:-



EXPERIMENTALPROCEDURE:-

1) Level the apparatus, measure the breadth and depth of the given beam cross-section and

place the beam on the supports so that the length between the supports is 600 .2)

Set the beam apparatus as simply supported beam and set the dial gauge tip at a distance

from left side support of beam so that

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