SOLUTIONS

ACTIVATOR---KWL CHARTWHAT DO I KNOW ABOUT SOLUTIONS?

WHAT DO I WANT TO KNOW ABOUT SOLUTIONS?

WHAT HAVE I LEARNED TODAY ABOUT SOLUTIONS?

SOLUTIONSAre homogeneous mixtures (look the same throughout)

Are PHYSICALLY combinedSee p. 401

2 PARTS OF A SOLUTION:

Substance being dissolved

Usually present in the least amount

Ex: salt

Substance that is dissolving something else

Present in most amount

Ex: water (“universal solvent”)

solute solvent

More solute than solvent

More solvent than solute

CONCENTRATED DILUTE

THE DISSOLVING RULE: “LIKE DISSOLVES LIKE”Water is a polar molecule:

Polar solutes dissolve well in polar solventsEx: salt waterNonpolar solutes dissolve well in nonpolar

solvents

SEE P. 406

Solutions that conduct electricity

Ex: salt water

Solutions that do not conduct electricity

Ex: sugar water

Electrolytes Nonelectrolytes

Do not dissolve well in each other

Ex: water & oil, oil & vinegar

Dissolve well in each other

Ex: water & sprite

IMMISCIBLE miscible

WAYS TO INCREASE DISSOLVING RATE Stir Powder/crush up the solute (this increases its

surface area) Increase pressure (this is Henry’s Law—if

pressure increases, solubility increases) Increase heat (this is NOT true for gases

dissolved in liquids) see p. 414 top graph

EQUILIBRIUM When 2 opposing changes take place at the

same time at the same rate Ex: unopened coke can (see p. 408)

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU OPEN THE COKE CAN????? Effervescence----the rapid escape of a gas

from its solution Le Chatlier’s principle---when a system is

stressed, a new equilibrium will be reached at new conditions

(coke can will become flat when left opened)

ALLOYS Solutions of metals Created to increase strength and to resist

corrosion Ex: brass, bronze, sterling silver, pewter,

stainless steel, gold jewelry

SOLUBILITY—HOW MUCH SOLUTE WILL DISSOLVE IN A CERTAIN AMOUNT OF SOLVENT AT A GIVEN TEMP & PRESSURE See p. 414 solubility curves SATURATED—has max. amt. of solute

---is a point on the lineUNSATURATED—has less than the max. solute

--is a point below the lineSUPERSATURATED—has over the max. solute

----is a point above the line---temp & pressure have to

be raised

www.webassign.net/info/solubil.html

TERMS SHEET 1---3, 5---14, 24---25 (NOTES)

Define: 4, 15---23

ACTIVATOR—WORD SPLASHList as many words or phrases that come to mind when you hear the word “solutions”.