Solar Car Data Solar Car Data Collection SystemCollection SystemMatt BoydenMatt Boyden

Rene DupuisRene Dupuis

Ryan LavalleeRyan Lavallee

4/8/08

RyanRyan

BackgroundBackground

Building miniature solar cars is a very Building miniature solar cars is a very common activity for teaching school-age common activity for teaching school-age kids about renewable energykids about renewable energy

There are events specifically designed There are events specifically designed for building and racing solar cars that are for building and racing solar cars that are available as educational kitsavailable as educational kits

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Project DescriptionProject Description

What is needed is a small, light data What is needed is a small, light data logging device specifically designed to logging device specifically designed to interface with a typical educational solar interface with a typical educational solar car kit.  car kit. 

The data collection system would need to The data collection system would need to collect time dependent data and then collect time dependent data and then provide for the data to be uploaded and provide for the data to be uploaded and analyzed for learning. analyzed for learning.

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Project RequirementsProject Requirements

Record voltage and current to the motor Record voltage and current to the motor for a specific amount of timefor a specific amount of time

Interface with a computer to easily output Interface with a computer to easily output the information in a way that can be used the information in a way that can be used for educational purposesfor educational purposes

The product must be light enough and use The product must be light enough and use little power so as not to change the little power so as not to change the performance of the carperformance of the car

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System Diagram Data System Diagram Data CollectionCollection

Micro-

Controller

Motor I Motor V Panel I Panel V

Wheel Sensor

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System Diagram Data System Diagram Data OutputOutput

Micro-

Controller

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ResponsibilitiesResponsibilities Ryan Ryan

Data Retrieval (PC Data Retrieval (PC end)end)

Excel VBA Excel VBA ProgrammingProgramming

Circuit board layoutCircuit board layout

MattMatt Signal Signal

conditioningconditioning HC12 HC12

programming,programming, Data Data

transmission to transmission to PC (HC12 end)PC (HC12 end)

ReneRene Wheel sensing Wheel sensing

designdesign Power Power

DistributionDistribution Casing PrototypeCasing Prototype WebsiteWebsite

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Power SourcePower Source

Wheel Sensor Wheel Sensor requires 5Vrequires 5V

Using (2) 3V Lithium Using (2) 3V Lithium Batteries in series for Batteries in series for power uppower up

Small and efficientSmall and efficient

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Velocity Sensor ConceptVelocity Sensor ConceptEvery time the wheel rotates the sensor triggers the Pulse Every time the wheel rotates the sensor triggers the Pulse Accumulator in the microcontrollerAccumulator in the microcontrollerBy knowing the wheel diameter and reading the accumulator By knowing the wheel diameter and reading the accumulator value at regular time intervals we can calculate the speed of the value at regular time intervals we can calculate the speed of the carcar

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Velocity Sensor CircuitVelocity Sensor Circuit

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Reflective Object SensorReflective Object Sensor

Consists of an infrared emitting Consists of an infrared emitting diode and NPN silicon diode and NPN silicon phototransistor mounted side by phototransistor mounted side by sideside

Phototransistor responds to Phototransistor responds to radiation emitted from diode when radiation emitted from diode when it senses a reflective deviceit senses a reflective device

Provides Provides High output sensing no reflectionHigh output sensing no reflection Low output sensing reflectionLow output sensing reflection

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ComparatorComparator

Velocity sensor output Velocity sensor output runs into comparatorruns into comparator

Eliminates hysteresis and Eliminates hysteresis and rise times when changing rise times when changing states (high to low; low to states (high to low; low to high)high)

Provides quick transition Provides quick transition intervals as comparator intervals as comparator changes stateschanges states

Provides sure outputProvides sure output

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Comparator SimulationComparator Simulation

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Velocity Sensor Velocity Sensor PC Board Layout PC Board Layout

4 wire connector 4 wire connector from velocity sensor from velocity sensor to main board for to main board for power and data power and data retrieval retrieval

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Current SensingCurrent Sensing

Use Resistor to measure current to motorUse Resistor to measure current to motor 0.150.15ΩΩ resistor will not affect motor resistor will not affect motor

performanceperformance Easy to install in series with clip leadsEasy to install in series with clip leads Voltage will be amplified x30 and Voltage will be amplified x30 and

converted to positive voltage before A-D converted to positive voltage before A-D converterconverter

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HC12 ProgrammingHC12 Programming

Why we chose the HC12Why we chose the HC12 What does the Program have to doWhat does the Program have to do How it will be accomplishedHow it will be accomplished Data Transmission to PCData Transmission to PC

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Why the HC12?Why the HC12?

Has Analog to Digital ConvertersHas Analog to Digital Converters Has RS232 Chip Built into ModuleHas RS232 Chip Built into Module 16kB Flash Memory for Data16kB Flash Memory for Data Easily programmed using available Easily programmed using available

softwaresoftware Can be programmed on Docking Module Can be programmed on Docking Module

then transferred to Applicationthen transferred to Application

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Program Program RequirementsRequirements

→ On Request: On Request: → Read Data from A2D PortsRead Data from A2D Ports→ Read Data from Wheel SensorRead Data from Wheel Sensor→ Store DataStore Data

→ On Request or Timeout:On Request or Timeout:→ Stop Recording DataStop Recording Data

→ On Request:On Request:→ Transfer Data to ComputerTransfer Data to Computer→ Erase MemoryErase Memory

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Programming Flow Programming Flow ChartChart

Start

Initialization of Various

Processes

Start Record?

Transmit?

Stop Record?

Read Data

Store Data

Time Limit?

Delay

MAIN RECORD

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Data TransmissionData Transmission

Data is sent one number at a time Data is sent one number at a time through an RS232 connectionthrough an RS232 connection

We are using Hyper Terminal to receive We are using Hyper Terminal to receive the data and capture it to a text file the data and capture it to a text file

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PC ProgrammingPC Programming

How the Excel Program WorksHow the Excel Program Works Tutorial for TeacherTutorial for Teacher Importing Data to ExcelImporting Data to Excel

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How VBA Program worksHow VBA Program works

Program references .txt fileProgram references .txt file Places .txt file in predefined rowsPlaces .txt file in predefined rows Excel programmed to make calculations and Excel programmed to make calculations and

produce graphs of all the dataproduce graphs of all the data Calculations: Calculations:

Voltage Cell: A2D_V * 0.0049Voltage Cell: A2D_V * 0.0049 Current Cell: ((A2D_I*0.0049)/30)/0.15Current Cell: ((A2D_I*0.0049)/30)/0.15ΩΩ

Automates graph wizard process for all dataAutomates graph wizard process for all data

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File ContentsFile ContentsThe goal is to give the teacher one file where s/he will be The goal is to give the teacher one file where s/he will be instructed to open only the excel file and run the macroinstructed to open only the excel file and run the macro

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Board LayoutBoard Layout

CircuitCircuit

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ScheduleScheduleWeek 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14TaskProgramming HC12:Flowcharts MRead Data M M MStore to Flash M M MTransmit Data to Computer M M M

Excel Programming:Read from .txt File J JOutput Graph J J J

Sensor Selection:Define Options R RCollect Data Sheets R RChoose Wheel Sensor R RChoose Current Sensor MR MR MR

Battery Selection:Select a battery to power HC12 R R

Circuit Layout:Build Circuit on Breadboard M M MRun Circuit to Record Data M M MDesign PCB M M MMake First PCB M M

Wheel Sensor:Sensor Design/Selection R R R JR JR JRWheel Sensor Data Collection: M M M M MTransfer Wheel Data Into Speed JM JM JM JM JM

Design Casing:Casing Design MR MR MR MRCasing Prototype R R RFinal Case Production R R

Manuals/Instructions:Manual/Instruction Writing MJR MJR MJR MJR MJR

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BudgetBudgetItemItem CostCost Actual Actual

CostCost

HC12HC12 $30$30 $0$0

Solar CarSolar Car $50$50 $50$50

Reflective SensorReflective Sensor $2.86$2.86 $0$0

3V Lithium Battery (2)3V Lithium Battery (2) $1.98$1.98 $0$0

Op-ampOp-amp

TLV 2772 (3)TLV 2772 (3)

$6.75$6.75 $6.75$6.75

Ribbon Cable(2)Ribbon Cable(2) $10.00$10.00 $10.00$10.00

ComparatorComparator $1.74$1.74 $1.74$1.74

TOTALTOTAL $103.33$103.33 $68.49$68.49

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Questions?Questions?

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