XAbraryIFtC IntwnBttonal'waterand Sanitation CentreTel.: +31 70 30 689 80Fax:+81 70 36 808 84

SOCIO-ECONOMIC UNITS, KERALAINTEGRATED WATER SUPPLY & ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION PROGRAMME

Co-ordinating Office:Post Bag 6519, Vellayambalam, Vikas Bhavan P.O., Thiruvananthapuram 695 033Phone : 0471 437907, Fax 91-471 433094, Telex (435) 379

HALF YEAR REPORT1 October 1995 - 31 March 1996

SOCIO-ECONOMTC UNITS

LIBRARY IRC[93190, 2509 AD THETal.: +31 70 30 689 80Fax: +31 70 35 899 64

BARCODE:LOi

• . . .. C O N T E N T S • . , ' . . ' ,

Executive Summary 1

DANIDA ASSISTED SCHEMES 3SEU (North), Kozhikode .- 3

EDAPPAL SCHEME 4Water Related 4Sanitation Related 4Health Education/Training Related 4

CHEEKODE SCHEME 4Water related 4

. Sanitation related _.. 5Health Education/Training Related/lnteragency Collaboration 5

KOLACHERRY SCHEME 5Water Related 5Sanitation related 6Health Education/Training Activities 6School Sanitation/Health Clubs 7Monitoring of Latrines 7

NETHERLANDS ASSISTED SCHEMES .• 8SEU (South), Kollam 8

VAKKOM - ANJENGO SCHEME 8KUNDARA SCHEME ' 9CHERIYANAD SCHEME 9KOIPURAM SCHEME 10THRIKKUNNAPUZHA SCHEME 10Inter Agency Collaboration: Eravipuram 11Coastal Sanitation 11

SEU (Central), Thrissur 11MALA SCHEME 12

Water related 12Fault reporting/monitoring 12Section level meeting . 12Health Education/Training related 13Sanitation related 13

NATTIKA SCHEME 13Water related 13Fault reporting 13Health Education/Training 13

'.-.'.• • Sanitation related 13PAVARATTY SCHEME 14

Water related 14Sanitation related 14Inter-agency Collaboration 14Collaboration with the Kerala Community Irrigation Project (KCIP) 15Women Masons visit to Uttar Pradesh 15

KERALA HYGIENE EVALUATION STUDY 15TRAINING IN PARTICIPATORY TECHNIQUES FOR COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION 17LATRINE-WITH-EDUCATION PROGRAMME 17

SEU Co-ordinating Office, Trivandrum 21Taskforce and Working Group: 21Coastal Sanitation Programme 21IEC Model Action Plan Proposals for State and Districts 21Workshop on Traditional Media in Water and Sanitation Programmes 22Well Improvement Programme 22Project Formulation Workshop for SEU Senior Staff Members 22Operation and Maintenance Improvement Programme (OM!P) 23Study on the Protection of open wells to improve water quality 23Evaluation study on the effectiveness of SEU activities 24Study on the School Health Programme 24Danida Appraisal Mission & Consultant to UNDP/Worid Bank . . 24Gender Profile of Wayanad district 24Mid-term evaluation of Simavi funded Spring Development Project in Kerala 25Research Project on Water Use Pattern and Sanitation Behaviour 25Collaboration with UNICEF 26

FINANCE 27

BACKGROUND TO PROJECT

The Kerala Water A uthority is entrusted with the provision of safe water, specifically piped water, for the entire state. It hascharge of approximately 1,850 water schemes of varying size. Among these are 11 piped water schemes being implementedwith the support of the Governments of The: Netherlands and Denmark. The 11 piped-water schemes, number ofpanchayatseach covers and population as of 1981 are:

Dutch-Supported

SCHEME

Vakkom-AnjengoKimdaraCheriyanadKoippuramThrikkunnapuzha 'NattikaMalaPavarattv

Number of Panchayats

67 . - ••>&

1?: ••• j

1 J10610

Population(1991 census)

143,200166,20020,90025,50012,000

260,000148,900240,500

' with inter-connection to five wards and other areas

Danish-supported. •

SCHEME

EdappalKolacherryCheekode (Phase I)

Number ofpanchayats

583

Population(1991 census)

155.314199,50070.000

As stated in the Plan of Operation, the long-term objective of the Socio-Economic Programme is to improve the health andliving standards of the people. The immediate objectives of the project, specifically are, in partnership with the KWA, to:

a. integrate relevant socio-economic activities and methods into the KWA's current programme for water supply -activities are: improving population coverage, site selection in the community, monitoring /maintenance/drainage around standpo.it, fault reporting;

f

b. develop sustainable strategies which will, within the community and household - contribute to improvedhygiene/health practices related to safe handling and use of water, enhance sanitation practices and essentialsanitary facilities including household and institutional latrines-with-education, environmental activities of localrelevance;

c. strengthen/establish mechanisms which enable people and their local institutions to plan and participate inactivities related to water supply, sanitation and hygiene education. Particular emphasis will be paid to women'sinvolvement. Ward Water Committees, Standpost Attendants, networking with other agencies/NGOs, improvingopen wells and springs, monitoring activities, school health clubs, women's programmes are part of iJiis.

The Socio-Economic Units, Kerala, each with three professionals, and supporting administrative staff. And the temporaryfield workers have been working for the past eight years. Three regional units, each based in a regional office of the KWAhave been working in KWA premises. The first Unit (calledSEU-North) was established with Danish support in the northernregion of Kerala in March 1987. The other units (SEU-South and SEU-Central) were set up about a year and a half later inAugust 1988 with Dutch support. The Co-ordinating Office (CO) in Trivandrum is also concerned with institutional aspectsof the programme, co-ordination and integration. The Socio-Economic Units (SEUs) are directly funded by the donors, andwork closely with the Kerala Water Authority, Directorate ofpanchayats. Department of Rural Development, Department ofLocal A dministration and the State Planning Board. AI present, each Unit covers a project area with a current population of400,000 to 600,000. A Co-ordinating Committee headed by the Managing Director of the KWA meets every 3 to 4 months.The Committee oversees project development (both hardware and .software) and solves problems related to both software andhardware implementation. Keeping in view the demand for involved intervention oj a team with commitment to community intlie sector, SEU has registered as an autonomous Institution.

ABBREVIATIONS

AIIH&PH All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health '

CE Chief Engineer

CG Core Group

CO Coordinating Office of the Socio-Economic Units

CR3P Central Rural Sanitation Programme

DRDA District Rural Development Agency

FO Field Organiser (temporary field staff of SEUs, based in panchayats)

GOK Government of Kerala

ICDS Integrated Child Development Scheme

KCIP Kerala Community Irrigation Jawahar RozgarYojana

KWA Kerala Water Authority

O & M Operation and Maintenance

OMIP Operation and Maintenance Improvement Programme

PANCHAYAT Local Administrative Authority for a Rural Area covering a population of about 15,000 to 30,000

PTA Parent Teachers' Association

RGNDWM Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission

RSM Review and Support Mission (Netherlands)

SHC School Health Club

SPA Standpost Attendants

SEU Socio-Economic Units f ' •'

TLO Technical Liaison Officer (DGIS)

VO/NGO Voluntary Organization/Non-Government Organization

WARD Each panchayat is subdivided into wards, the basic unit of local government, covering apopulation of 2,000 to 4,000.

WWC Ward Water Committee works with the SEUs at the ward level, in charge of many activities. It is avoluntary group composed of 5 to 7 members including at least 2 women and the elected wardmember who is also a member of the panchayat.

ONE LAKH 100,000

ONECRORE 10 Million ;

HALF YEAR REPORT(1 October 1995 to 31 March 1996)

Executive Summary

After the Panchayati-raj elections it took much more time than anticipated in stabilising theinvolvement of newly elected members as the Water Committees, The training of new electedmembers and refresher training for the other WWC members and SPAs were carried out in manypanchahayts. The water related activities are minimised due to the phasing out of SEU personnelfrom the schemes. The fault reporting and monitoring activities are continued by the SPAs,WWCs and the Core groups. However, in areas where no chances of improving the service levelit has been decided to suspend the community initiatives.

In the Danida supported schemes activities were regularised with the help of Water Committeemembers. SEU is in the process of final assessment and reporting of the facilities constructed.The fault reporting, tap monitoring and related activities were entrusted to WWCs. This activityhas been stopped in Edappal and Cheekode schemes. In Kolacherry the tap monitoring isscheduled to take place until May 1996.

The Edappal Scheme was inaugurated by the Hon. Minister for Water Supply and Irrigation,Government of Kerala on 16th of March 1996. The commissioning of Kolacherry scheme wasscheduled to inaugurate on 23rd March 1996 but had to be postponed due to the declaration ofgeneral election dates.

The SEU Central and South are in the process of working out the details of phasing out activitieswith the help of Water Committees and Core Groups. It has been realised that the good resultsof the community initiatives could be operationalised or put into practice meaningfully only if theSection Level Committees are strengthened.

The completion of the scheme is another joint activity which has been carried out by KWA, SEUand WWCs. The community, their representatives and grama panchayts are quite enthusiasticand interested in participating in the completion process exercise.

In the sanitation sector, substantial improvement has been made in all the panchahayts. Sincethe inception of the programme 44,650 household latrines were completed. One innovativedevelopment during the reporting period was that the stakeholders were asked to contribute thesand and bricks. Suggestion came from the community that they will be able to provide the sandand bricks for construction. While registering the name for latrines the stakeholders were askedto indicate their interest and willingness to provide the sand and bricks. This change in theprogramme reduces the hassle of negotiation with contractors; bringing down the efforts ofsupervision from supervisors and ward committees; creating confidence among the householdersand increased user satisfaction etc.. This also further helps the organisation in minimising thelogistics and supervision. Some time back similar approach was followed in Nannanmmukku andAlancode panchayats (under Edappal water schemes) and it took much more time than thenormal penod. However, in the present 12 panchayats this approach has been popularised andfound to be effective and more families are coming forward with this proposition. Theconstruction will resume only after 75% of the selected households assemble the materials forthe latrine. Eventhough, there are some set backs this will be a good option or proposition forlarge scale sanitation programmes.

SEU-KERALA Half-Year Report (1/10/95-31/3/96)

A team of SEU staff members were involved in a qualitative research project; the KeralaHygiene Evaluation Study (KHES). The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine(LSH&TM) is developing a handbook on Hygiene Evaluation Procedures, The draft handbookwas field tested in SEU project areas; Afghanistan being another country where there was asimilar field testing conducted. Dr.Astier Almedom, Lecturer in Medical Anthropology, from theEnvironmental Health Group of the LSH&TM visited Kerala to train the Study Team in HygieneEvaluation Procedures.

The Community Participation Unit (CPU), Rajasthan, a German-funded water and sanitationproject, has been requesting SEU to train their staff in Participatory techniques for CommunityParticipation. After a few rounds of discussions and a needs-assessment visit by some of thestaff members of SEU, and preparation of a training module, a team of three SEU staff membersconducted the training at Rajasthan on February 14th- 24th, 1996. The training was conductedas a workshop on Participatory Training Techniques for Community Participation. The topicsdealt in the training were creative and resource exploration, Team building and inter-personalperceptions for community participation, women's participation and gender issue sensitisation,Integration of hardware & software activities, Hygiene education & capacity building and Fieldpractice & preparation. SEU is in the process of revising the content of the training whileincorporating relevant field realities. It is the intention of the project to offer this training to thepersonnel wonting with the community in thewater, sanitation, social welfare and health sector.

To support the capacity development of SEU foundation and to improve knowledge of 10members of the SEU Foundation on various aspects of project development, ETC Internationalfacilitated a three-day workshop at Thvandrum on February 6-8, 1996. The workshop was alsopart of the capacity development of the SEU Foundation which ended up with action plans forthe near future.

District level taksforce and working group were established. Similarly the "Concentration Blocks"were identified in three districts, viz, Palghat, Malappuram and Thiruvananthapuram. ThreeDistrict Coordinators were provided from the SEU to coordinate community level investigationand liaise with the District Taskforce. Five types of community level investigation are planned:(a) Household survey: to gather information on the use of existing water supply andenvironmental sanitation facilities, use and the conditions together with the health status of thefamilies from the concentration blocks. The objective is to establish a factual planning base fromwhich to determine/confirm sector development requirements for each concentration blocks. Aquestionnaire has been developed which composed of interviews and observations. It isexpected that the household data collection will be completed by end May 1996.

The other investigations are Environmental sanitation status~ a baseline description of existingconditions identifying the nature, description and locations of specific problems and existingmanagement procedures and facilities.

The Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission (RGNDWM), New Delhi developed anInformation, Education and Communication strategy to promote the construction, use andmaintenance of water and sanitation facilities through out India. As a preliminary step 65 districtswere identified in India. Out of this 3 districts are from Kerala. As requested by the RuralDevelopment Department, Government of Kerala, SEU Coordinating Office prepared a draftproposal for submitting to the RGNDWM. In this proposal SEU Foundation has been suggestedas the nodal agency and coordinating agency for implementing the IEC activity in the State.Three districts viz, Kollam, Alapuzha and Malappuram has been identified for the IEC project.

SEU-KERALA Half- Year Report (1/10/95-31 /3/96)

Summary of ActivitiesAs on: 31 March 1996

SCHEMECheekode

Edappal

Kolacherry

Nattika-hirka

Mala

Pavaratty

Vakkom-Anjengo

Cheriyanad'hrikkunnapuzha<oipuramKundara

PanchayatKondottyNediyirippuRamanattukaraFerokeAlancodeEdappa!Nannamukku

ThavanufVettomVattamkulamKeezhallurKolacherryKoodaliKuttiattoorMattanurMayyllMunderiCherukunnuNarathLdathiruthyEngandiyoorKaipamangalamMathilakomNattikaValappadPennjanamS.N.PuramVatanapallyThalikulamAnnamanadaKuzhurMalaPoyyaPuthenchiraVellangalloreChalisserryNagalasserryThnthalaThirumattacodeAnjengoChirayinkil<adakkavoor<izhuvilamVakkomAzhurCheriyanadThrikkunnapuzha^oipuramEzhukonelast Kallada<undara<ulakkada^eduvathur3avithreswaramDerayam

compcompcomp

-compcompcompcomp

compcompcompcompcompcompcompcomp

compcompcompcompcompver

compcompcompcompcompcompcompcompcompcompcompcompcompcompcompcompcompcompcompcompcompcompcompcompcompcompcompcompcompcompcomp

9411785

29610212489296742131

317810799102104

66

7061192LJ4

19S249174158105158243146

127

66111

436

260

2373737771125

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316

195262191291263B8

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7359

20396473

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10714676940563315

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96108243146127641083652542343617770

1252731 /9280195

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7

DANIDA ASSISTED SCHEMES

SEU (North), Kozhikode

This reporting period features phasing out activities in all the three schemes supportedby DANIDA. The Fault reporting, tap monitoring and related activities were entrusted toVVWCs. This activity has been- stopped in Edappal and Cheekode Schemes. InKolacherry the tap monitoring is scheduled to be continued up to May 1996 due topressure from the Ward Water Committee members. Drying of private open wellsadjoining the borewells in Cheekode Scheme (Cherukavu Panchayat) has led totemporary stopping of pumping to Ramanattukara Panchayat. The level of service inKondotty & Nediyiruppu in Cheekode Scheme is satisfactory.

The Edappal Scheme was inaugurated by the Hon. Minister for Water Supply andIrrigation, Government of Kerala on 16th of March 1996. The commissioning ofKolacherry scheme was scheduled to inaugurate on 23.3.1996 but had to be postponeddue to the declaration of general election dates.

Household Sanitation activities have been completed in Edappal Scheme. In Cheekode,the activities are ongoing in full swing and is expected to be completed by June 1996. Aninteragency collaboration activity in Vettom Panchayat of Malappuram District is alsobeing carried out actively.

3388 nos of latrines were constructed during this reporting period. Of these, 2350household latrine units were constructed in Kolacherry scheme (including 176 inCherukunnu panchayat), 346 in Edappal Scheme and 516 in Vettom Panchayat(Cheekode scheme). An amount totalling Rs.58,40,380/- were received from various astheir part of share in the implementation of latrine construction programme. During thisreporting period Rs. 8,07,554/- were received from various panchayats . Altogether Rs.69,50,140 were received from the stakeholders as part of their contribution.

520 households constructed latrines by receiving the lowest subsidy of pan & trap only(worth Rs.425). Single and multiple urinals & latrine units were constructed for twoschools in Koodali Panchayat of Kolacherry Scheme area with 50% contribution fromParent Teachers' Association (PTA).

Construction of latrines in Cherukunnu Panchayat, Kannur District under interagencycollaboration is ongoing and is expected to be completed by May 1996.

The monitoring of taps and latrines are conducted regularly by the WWCs and trainedlocal volunteers. Section level meetings convened by the Assistant Engineer wereconducted both in Edappal as well as in Cheekode until January 1996.

This reporting period the major thrust was on interagency collaborative training with theobjective of strengthening the collaborating institutions. The training in ParticipatoryMethodology conducted jointly by the three SEU's in Kozhikode for the Integrated ChildDevelopment Services' Supervisors of the Social Welfare Department and YouthVolunteers of Nehru Yuvak Kendras conducted from February 15th to 18th.

The SEU staff was engaged as resource persons in various workshops and seminarsconducted by Rural Development Department on Water, Sanitation and Health under theCRSP Programmes for the Grama Panchayat, Block Panchayat and District Panchayat

SEU-KERALA Half-Year Report (1/10/95-31/3/96)

members, representatives from various NGO's & other officials.

A theme paper on "Water, Sanitation & Health in Rural Areas" was presented at SouthIndia Regional Symposium on Domestic and Industrial Water Purification organized andconducted by the Centre for Water Resources Development and Management (CWRDM),Kozhikode.

Currently only four Field Organisers are involved in the consolidation aspects ofcommunity initiatives from the scheme areas. One Office Secretary has been assignedto work in the OMIP office in Trissur.

EDAPPAL SCHEME

Water Related

Annexure 2 showing tap-monitoring data gives a complete picture of tap functionality,water availability and usage pattern in the Edappal Scheme. This was recorded andcompiled by the SEU field team during October-November 1995 period. The monitoringof tap and latrines are regularly conducted by the WWCs and trained local volunteers.Section level meetings were conducted up to January 1996. The Edappal Scheme wasformally inaugurated by the Honourable minister for water supply and irrigation, Keralaon 16 March, 1996.

Sanitation Related

1675 latrines were to be constructed according to the plan. Out of this, 1241 units werecompleted in the last reporting period and 346 units (Tavanur 184; Nannamukku 59; andAlancode 103) have been constructed in this reporting period. With this the householdlatrines planned in Edappal scheme is fully completed.

However, lot of demand for household and Institutional latrines has been created andmany panchayats have came forward with funds for continuing the programme.

Health Education/Training Related

Follow up meetings for the new latrine owners were conducted in Tavannur. Monitoringof latrines in use is ongoing in this Panchayat.

CHEEKODE SCHEME

Water related

The information on functionality of taps, usage pattern and other details regarding wateravailability in the scheme area was collected by a team of SEU and WWC/CBNP workerswho did the tap monitoring activities.

The Senior Technical Advisor in- Charge has written to the Managing Director, KWA onthe final commissioning and assessment of this scheme, it has been indicated in thecommunication that" the overall performance is hampered by several factors, such asthe general power supply situation, problems concerning pumping from some of theborewells, delay in construction and delay in power supply connection. At present the

SEU-KERALA Half-Year Report (1/10/95-31/3/96)

scheme is supplying water for around six hours in Nediyiruppu and Kondotty Panchayats.Two boreweils are not being pumped due to protests from farmers and house ownerssurrounding the boreweils, who claim that their open wells go dry due to the pumping".

Kindly note that community related activities are being suspended from this scheme asadvised by Danida.

Sanitation related

Latrine construction in Kondotty Panchayat has been taken up under inter agencycollaboration. Construction of 600 units are ongoing in Kondotty Panchayat and isexpected to be completed by June '96. Work in other Panchayats in the scheme hasbeen completed except Vettom where construction is ongoing through interagencycollaboration with Matsyafed-(Fisheries Department) and Rural Development Departmentunder the District Collector, Malappuram District.

Health Education/Training Related/lnteragency Collaboration

The SEU participated as resource persons with collaborating departments in this areathrough ICDS, Mother's camps in Kondotty, Nediyirruppu (3 each) and Kuzhimanna (1),the participant ranging from 90-100 in each camp. In training programmes for VillageExtension Officers of Rural Development Department and for Anganwadi Workers, inKondotty Block, resource support was given. Under CRSP (Central Rural SanitationProgramme) attended camps in Kondotty Block and Perambra Block (Kozhikode District)for Grama Panchayat and Block Panchayat Members.

For Sanitation related education programmes in Kondotty, the Bal Sevika Trainees wereinvited by the Panchayat. The SEU had handed over the planning and managementresponsibility to the Panchayat and the Panchayat in turn is fulfilling it to the best of theirabilities and resources. The whole activity was planned by the Panchayat with the helpof WWCs. This is yet another good example of sustainable activity. This joint activity ofthe Panchayat, Baisevika Trainees and the WWC has been well appreciated by theCommunity. Exhibition and Seminars were conducted as part of World Women's dayCelebrations. Children's programme with special focus on hygiene education were alsoconducted. All these events were well attended and had made good image on thecommunity activities and this further proves that if the community is properly motivatedremarkable changes can be effectuated in the KERALA society.

School Sanitation Programme was not given focus during this reporting period.

KOLACHERRY SCHEME

Water Related

Kolacherry Scheme has a total of 805 taps. Out of this, 706 are charged, 99 are yet tobe charged. The following table give details regarding total number of taps, number oftaps charged and numbers to be charged in the Scheme.

The technical commissioning of Kolacherry Scheme had been carried out from 12-14February 1996 comprising 796 standposts in the supply areas.

SEU-KERALA Half-Year Report (7/70/95-31/3/96)

Table showing total number of taps, number of taps chargedcharged in Kolacherry Scheme

Panchayat

Keezhallur

Kolacherry

Koodali

Kuttyattoor

Mattannur

Mayyil

Munderi

Narath

T o t a l . - -••

No.of taps

71.

88

109

102

125

110

81

119

805

No.of tapscharged

31

78

107

99

102

104

66

119

706

and numbers to be

No. of taps to becharged

40

10

2

3

23

6

15

nil

99

Sanitation related

In Kolacherry Scheme area 5205 sanitary latrines were planned to be constructed during1995-96. Out of this 3340 latrines were constructed in the last half year period and 1855latrines have been constructed during this reporting period. Total 5196 latrine units havebeen constructed this year in this scheme under 50-60% subsidy scheme. To have abetter coverage a less subsidy programme was introduced in this area while providingpan, junction box, 4 stoneware pipes, 1/2 packet cement and the provision ofconstruction labour. Altogether 520 households availed this facility and 255 units wereconstructed and 240 are under various stages of construction. Total 2350 latrines havebeen constructed in this half year. Latrine construction in Mayyil, Koodali, Narath,Munderi, Kolacherry have been completed and works in Kuttiyattoor and Keezhallur willbe completed by 15th April 1996.

During this reporting period 658 latrines in Koodali, 327 units in Munderi, 517 units inKuttiayattur, 389 units in Narath and 158 units i» Mayyil have been completed.Construction is ongoing in Kuttyattoor Panchayat and are expected to be completed bymid April. Construction in Keezhallur Panchayat has been stopped due to non-availabilityof funds from the Panchayat. Few more units are to be constructed here. In Cherukunnupanchayat, Kannur District, 176 units have been constructed and construction activitiesare expected to be completed by May 1996,

Health Education/Training Activities

In both Water and Sanitation areas, intensive health education activities were conductedin Kolacherry Scheme in order to cope up with the-technical inputs. 21 SPA trainingswere conducted in various panchayats with the participants varying from 20-30 in eachtraining; including local WWC members. 115 User-group meetings were conductedaround the newly charged taps. Monthly tap monitoring activities with the help of WWCmembers started from January 1996. The taps were selected jointly by Kerala Water

SEU-KERALA Half-Year Report (1/10/95-3113196)

Name of School

1. Pattiyam L.P.S2. E.P.K.N. L.P.S3. NaniyoorA.L.P.S4. MuttannurU.P.S5. Kovoor L.P.S6. KuttiattoorU.P.S7. Mullakodi U.P.S

Panchayat

Kolacherryn

I I

KoodaliKoodaliKuttiattoorMayyil

Authority and Socio Economic Unit as per the decision in the Site Meetings.

School Sanitation/Health Clubs

There are 63 active School Health Clubs in this Scheme. The noteworthy feature hereis that these clubs are functioning on their own without any SEU input. Their action planpreparation, implementation and reviews are all being done by the Schools themselves.Another extremely rewarding information is regarding the efforts taken by the SchoolHealth Clubs in collaboration with local VWVCs in conducting Mother's Camps to promotehygiene in mothers of School children.

The following schools conducted Mother's Camp in the reporting period:

No.of Participants

73625248505050

In many schools, Muslim Women's participation (who had never earlier ventured to comeout of their homes for public functions) was highlighted as the most useful outcome of thecamps. The role of WWC's and related departments like field publicity wing for filmshows were other contributing factors.

Monitoring of Latrines

All the household latrines in Edappal Scheme except that of Edappal were monitoredduring this reporting period. Edappal was monitored during the last reporting period.Monitoring in Tavannur is ongoing and will be completed by mid April. Data of threePanchayat viz., Alancode, Vattamkulam, Nannamukku are given in annexure 3.

In Cheekode Scheme, Ramanattukara & Feroke Panchayat were monitored. In Feroke,monitoring is ongoing.

In Kolacherry Scheme, Narath, Kolacherry, Mayyil Keezhallur & Munderi Panchayatswere monitored in the last reporting period. The next monitoring in these panchayats andin Koodali & Kuttyattoor will be done in April-May 1996.

The general data presented is encouraging as far as the functionality, upkeep andmaintenance are concerned. A reasonably high percentage of households have changedthe roof, door and done other repair works in Ramanattukara Panchayat where we hadimplemented the Pilot Sanitation Programme in 1987-89 period.

The usage & maintenance levels are also extremely satisfactory with 7 years of non-intervention in this Panchayat.

SEU-KERALA Half-Year Report (1/10/95-31/3/96)

NETHERLANDS ASSISTED SCHEMES

SEU (South), Kollam

SEU (South) had already phased out from the Vakkom Anjengo scheme. Withdrawal fromthree other small schemes also effected and these three Panchayats are handled by oneFO. It is realised that the good results of SEUs involvement could only be maintained infuture with an effective implementation and management of Section Level Committeesas recommended in the OMIP workshop in February.

During the reporting period 1617 household latrines completed. In total 12207 householdlatrines 32 institutional latrines/urinals constructed since the inception of the programme.

The Unit also participated in organising the Folk arts workshop in Trivandrum and trainedschool children, WWC and Core group members demonstrated four items.

VAKKOM - ANJENGO SCHEME

The processes and results of VA Mapping exercise has been compiled into a document.All involvement of SEU in this exercise were put into good use, and it was a verysatisfying joint activity.

The trend of under reporting continues as there is no remarkable change in the servicelevel or speed in repairs of defects reported. Core groups and WWCs continue to carryon defect reporting activity but it seems that a monthly meeting of section levelcommittees alone could make a qualitative change from now.

Sanitation Programme with SEU involvement is completed in 4 Panchayats of Vakkom -Anjengo scheme and continuing in other 2 panchayats with a total of 4575 units built.Among these, in Vakkom and Kadakkavoor Joint accounts are also closed. SEUs nowhas only a monitoring role.

Pay & Use latrine of Anjengo function well to the satisfaction of the women. Mr.CarelBrands, First Secretary, (Water Supply & Sanitation), Royal Netherlands Embassy andMs.Christine van Wijk, IRC, Netherlands visited the unit and appreciated both DeepthiMahila Samajom for its efficient management and the women of Anjengo who are usingit properly and regularly making payment. Designed with a Double pit concept its secondpit will be constructed now. This was not originally made for observing the speed ofleaching in the first pit. The idea was to convert it into a septic tank in case the leachingwas slow, but it was found rather fast.

Training of SPAs and hygiene education classes are carried out by the Core group asplanned.

WWCs are participating in the activities of School Health Clubs. Clubs are functioning in26 schools of V-A scheme area. The sanitation - Latrine/Urinals facilities provided inschools are looked after well and used.

Large News Boards depicting the programme (with attainment, style of functioning andcrucial messages) is displayed at focal points in Kizhuvilam, Anjengo, and Koipuram.Panchayats have taken formal resolution for the future maintenance of these.

SEU-KERALA Half-Year Report (7/70/95-31/3/96)

KUNDARA SCHEME

Completion work at Intake, Pump, Transformer, Transmission Main, Sump and overheadtanks have made some more progress, and it is said that trial run for the original lines bypassing treatment plant ( yet to be completed) could be carried out in April, 1996. SEUsinvolvement in trial run usually become meaningful only when water reaches distributionlines and, as it is not yet known for'sure when this will happen, it is rather difficult to plan.

Sanitation is a major activity in 5 of its 7 Panchayats. Altogether 2325 units were built ofwhich 760 units are constructed during the reporting period. The new approach of peopleproviding brick and sand is successfully going on here. In Ezhukone, the 6th Panchayat,Preparatory work for construction is completed.

The team of women masons who were originally involved in the construction of latrinesin Neduvathoor panchayats has now moved to Perayam Panchayat.

All the elected members of the Kundara scheme have gone through Participatory trainingsession during the reporting period.

A special programme of "Knowing the Maps" ('Completed site selection maps) wereorganised in all the panchayats. AE, KWA and Work Superintendent participated in this.

SHCs are functioning in 25 schools. 12 institutional latrines in schools with 25-30%contribution from respective schools were completed. In the other areas the contributionis normally 50%.

The delay in the completion of water schemes in Kundara is a set back in the sense thatwater related hygiene education activities which should have been gone along with thesanitation can't be taken up on a simultaneous basis,

A programme of completion on cultural items based on the theme of water and sanitationwas successfully conducted for members of SHCs in the scheme.

CHERIYANAD SCHEME

Fault reporting by WWC/CGs and repairs by KWA are done in this panchayat quitesatisfactorily and this is an encouraging exception among all the schemes. Historically,the reason could be attributed partly to the good relation prevailing between thepanchayat body and the KWA office. Partly it is also due to the good quality of the source.The core group who is taking the lead role in reporting and other allied activities are wellrecognised/appreciated by the panchayat.

In sanitation, the panchayat has built the maximum number of latrine among all SEUs,with unit number reaching 2,352. 142 were built during the present reporting period.Sanitation monitoring was carried out as planned under the supervision of core groups.

SPA training /Orientation Hygiene Education activities were carried out as planned.

SHCs are functioning effectively in 5 schools and WWCs are participating in planning ofits activities.

Preparation on 'Standpost Installation Assessment Study1 are already made, which will

SEU-KERALA Half-Year Report (1/10/95-31/3/96)

be started this week. Simultaneously, a functionality survey also would be carried out bythe WWCs/Core groups.

KOIPURAM SCHEME

708 latrines were constructed so far and 152 units were constructed during the reportingperiod. It should be mentioned that it was in Koipuram that the experiment of collectingbrick/sand for latrines from the stakeholders was first experimented, which was asuccess.

Ongoing SPA orientation meetings, WWC meetings and health promotion activities arecarried out by the core group. Here again the absence of a functioning section levelcommittees is slowly undermining the enthusiasm and effort of WWCs and core groups.

SHCs are functioning in 6 schools, and it was found during the visits that the schoollatrines was first experimented, which was a success.

The facilities provided in the Special Home sanitation programme ( Kitchen platforms,Grinding stone platforms, vessel stand and waste pit) in one of the Koipuram colonies arehighly appreciated by people and this programme has set a total difference in theenvironmental condition of this ward.

Koipuram has been the first panchayat of the region to carry out Standpost Installationassessment study under the leadership of a retired KWA Executive Engineer. SEU,panchayat. WWC and Core Groups were closely associating in this activity. The finalreport of the study will be ready within a week's time. But looking at some of the majorresults, the picture emerging is as follows;

Structure ConditionPlatform slopeSite drainagePipe attachmentTap conditionUser accessUser satisfaction

THRIKKUNNAPUZHA SCHEME

Reporting of defects are efficiently carried out in this Panchayat. It should be mentionedthat the consolidation of reporting is systematically carried out by core groups themselveswith copies sent to concerned KWA officers. But like as most schemes, the repairs noware not done within a reasonable time.

Standpost Installation Assessment study will be carried out here in a months time,following Cheriyanad, where it is started. Like in Chenyanad, a functionality study also willbe done along with the assessment study.

1816 units of latrines are completed so far, out of which 248 were completed during thereporting period. Water logged latrines which had been constructed in these panchayatsstill function without any problem. Special trainings were given to Core group members.Health Promotion Programme goes on as planned and these had been carried out bycore groups.

SEU-KERALA Half-Year Report (1/10/95-31/3/96)

10

GoodCorrectGoodFirmGoodGoodGood

82.2%82.9%75.0%95.0%80.0%86.0%77.0%

Inter Agency Collaboration: Eravipuram

In SEUs collaboration activity with Vincent de-Paul Society, Model latrine is constructedand substantial progress in preparatory activity made for the construction of 100 latrinesin two coastal wards of Eravipuram. The contribution pattern is as follows, whereas inother programmes, the maximum SEU contribution is 40%.

SEU : 49%Vincent de Paul Society : 51%

Coastal Sanitation

1500 household latrines were planned under the coastal sanitation programme. However,due to delay in receiving the funds from the Government the implementation wasdelayed. According to the agreement the financial pattern is as follows: DRDA +Panchayat - 40%; Stakeholders - 20% and the SEU - 40%. The mobilisation programmeand preliminary motivational programme completed in 5 Panchayats. Recently Rs. 27lakhs received (Rs. 11 lakhs from DRDA, Rs. 8 lakhs from Panchayat and Rs. 8 lakhsfrom the Stakeholders. SEU contribution also deposited in to the joint bank account._Theconstruction activity started only in late March 96. A total of 1782 household latrine haveto be constructed within the next three months.

Mararikulam panchayat in Alleppey district is one among the two areas where anexperimental sanitation programme is being tried out under a different strategy. Inaddition to the Health Promotion Team's leadership role, Health Promotion campaign isbeing carried out by the cultural wing with the use of folk art forms like street plays forannouncement of programme and dissemination of health messages. These street playsare followed up by ensuing discussions and classes. Noticing the effectiveness of themedium, district authorities have used the cultural team in spreading messages relatedto the recent outbreak of 'Japan Fever1. The cost-sharing of this unique collaborativeventure in which 500 latrine units have been planned to be built during the year will beas follows:

SEU 500,000Matsyafed 225,000UNICEF 250,000Panchayat 130,000

It may be interesting to note that the District Rural Development Agency has providedfunds for training of masons.

SEU (Central), Thrissur

The completion process activities are jointly planned and implemented by the KWA, SEUand the Water Committees. Preparation of as laid maps, closing down and shifting ofundeserving taps, appraisal study of taps, functionality study are some of the activitiescarried out with community initiatives in the two water supply schemes.

In view of the panchayat election the completion activities were delayed and the projecthas to concentrate on orientation and mobilisation of newly elected members. Fault

SEU-KERA LA Half- Year Report (1/10/95-31 /3/96)

• . . ' • • " ' . 1 1 • . . • • . . • • • ' •

reporting is taking place regularly but repairs were not attended satisfactorily due to lackof manpower, spare parts, low voltage etc... It is anticipated that all community relatedactivities will be completed from Mala scheme in June 1996 and Nattika scheme byDecember 1996. The concerned field staff are preparing a phasing out plan in eachpanchayat with the help of water committees.

The payment of water charges in Nattika scheme has improved. Out of 10 Panchayats6 have paid their water charges. Panchayats like Valappad in Nattika scheme andAnnamanada in Mala scheme are regularly making payment and there are no more duesfrom them. However, Panchayats like Mala does not take any interest in making paymentfor standposts. The general perception is that there is a need to reduce the number oftaps through closing down the undeserving taps. 37 taps in Talikulam and 5 taps in S.N.Puram were closed. All the Panchayats are reviewing the situation seriously and they arein the look out for a new perspective on this issue.

4262 latrines have been built during the reporting period in 19 panchayats. Altogether17,217 latrines constructed since the inception of the programme. In collaboration withMatsyafed ( Department of Fisheries) 1051 latrines were constructed and 431 wereconstructed during the reporting period.

SEU staff members were regularly invited by the Local Administration Institute and theRural Development department for handling sessions on water, sanitation and health.More over SEU has been identified by the District Rural Development Agency (DRDA)for popularising the twin pit pour flush latrines in all the 17 blocks in Thrissur district whileconstructing demonstration latrines in each block.

MALA SCHEME

Water related

The community related activities will be completed by June 1996 and SEU together withthe water committees are preparing an action plan for phasing out from 6 panchayatsunder this scheme. The water committees are oriented in such a way that they can takecare of al the responsibilities of the up keep of the water taps and latrines by themselves.Due to its development vision and voluntary nature, the water committees can be ableto assist the panchayat in implementing, managing and monitoring the water, sanitationand other facilities with little back up support.

Fault reporting/monitoring

The SPAs and WWCs are properly oriented in the up keep of the stand postsurroundings, reporting of leak and faults and other allied issues. 62 taps were selectedfor close monitoring, as part of the completion process. These taps were selected by theKWA and SEU based on technical and socio-economic aspects.

Section level meeting

Two section level meetings were conducted as part of the OMIP exercise. Since thesection level meetings are chaired by AEs very little issues can be solved at his level. Itis felt that for improving the section level meetings the AEs and the panchayat levelrepresentatives are to be oriented in handling and managing the issues in an amicable

SEU-KERALA Half-Year Report (1/10/95-31/3196)

' • . • . . • : 1 2 • • •

and systematic manner. Similarly the section has to be given adequate responsibilitiesto handle the local Operation and Maintenance problems.

Health Education/Training related

In Puthenchira panchayat a two day residential training was organised for the newlyelected members of the panchayat and water committees. They have taken a resolutionto officially approve the WWC and entrust all developmental activities with the WWCmembers.

Sanitation related

1246 latrines were constructed during the past six months. In total 7819 latrines wereconstructed in 6 panchayats since the inception of the programme. In one Panchayat thecoverage of latrine was below 60%, in three panchayats the coverage was 87%-96% andin the last panchayat the coverage is 73%. One panchayat already attained 100%coverage and use during the last reporting period. The low coverage in one panchayatis due to the difficulty of panchayat in providing their contribution to the sanitationprogramme.

NATTIKA SCHEME

Water related

Nattika scheme also nearing completion and SPAs and WWCs are equipped to handleall the water related activities. The new design of standposts have been introduced. Ateam consists of KWA Overseer. SEU Field Organiser and WWC Secretary are involvedin the tap appraisal study.

As laid maps were completed in 6 panchayats. Work is under progress in the other fourpanchayats. This will be finalised in consultation with the TLO and KWA. The intentionis to provide a laminated copy of the map to panchayat and WWC.

Fault reporting

The fault reporting exercise is still continuing in all the 10 panchayats. The SPAs, WWCsand Panchayats are fully competent in handling all the aspects related to fault reportingand monitoring if timely repairs are attended by the KWA. As done in Mala critical tapswill be identified for monitoring the situation of service level.

Health Education/Training

Two rounds of training for user groups were organised before and after the installationof new standposts. As part of phasing out, health promotion activities were re-emphasised through ICDS, Mahiia Samajams (Womens Clubs) and Schools.

Sanitation related

2014 latrines constructed during the reporting period. Altogether 7434 household latrinescompleted in 10 Panchayats since the inception of the programme. In terms of sanitationcoverage 2 panchayats have attained 92% coverage 4 panchayats 52% to 74% and 3

SEU-KERALA Half-Year Report (1/10/95-31/3/96)

• • . : . . . . ' ' " ' • • • : 1 3 • • • • . : ' • • •

panchayats 34% to 48%. As reported earlier Edathiruthy Panchayat acquired 100%coverage in August 1995.

The usage pattern is very high and the monitoring data on the physical condition and thebehavioural practices in three sample panchayats are given below:

No Yellow ColourAvailability of brushWater Kept insideSoap Kept insideUse by childrenKnowledge of channel changing

Vellangallore

85.060.888.567.3NA

100.0

Engandiyoor

93.275.788.568.567.0100.0

Perinjanam

96.6100.099.396.078.3100.0

PAVARATTY SCHEME

Water related

In Pavaratty scheme water related activities are ongoing in 3 panchayats. There are 273taps and the SPAs are regularly reporting the faults and situation of the standpoststhrough the WWC and Panchayat. The service level is not satisfactory since the currentsupply is through another scheme. In the first phase of Pavaratty scheme there are 10Panchayats and the SEU activities are restricted to only 4 Panchayats for the time being.

Sanitation related

913 household latrines so far completed in three panchayats and 571 latrines wereconstructed during the reporting period. The sanitation programme is slow mainly due tologistical and supervision problems. More over this was compounded due to the delayin panchayat to contribute their share for the programme.

The programme planned for the construction of 2000 latrines in Punnayoor Panchayatwas also not taken up in an effective manner after the Panchayati-raj elections. Similarlythe mass production of construction materials was a failure due to non-availability ofwater, transportation problems and breakages, elected representatives' disinterest afterthe programme is launched. This was a good learning process for the SEU and it alsostressed the need for consistent monitoring of the programme by the senior programmestaff and in handling issues and managerial problems at the right time.

Inter-agency Collaboration

All registered fishermen's houses in Eriyad and Edavilangu Panchayats were providedwith household latrines. 1051 latrines were constructed through this venture. The DistrictCollector, Thrissur had taken steps to expand the programme in all the coastalpanchayats. The preparatory activities in Kadappuram coastal panchayat already startedand the last coastal Panchayat in the district ie., Punnayoorkulam will be taken up in thecoming year.

The District Rural Development Agency (DRDA) requested the help of SEU (Central) todevelop a training package for district and block level functionaries. In addition to the

SEU-KERALA Half-Year Report (1/10/95-3113196)

' . : • ' 1 4 • • ' • . . .

training of various functionaries, 90 masons also trained. Similarly 18 demonstrationlatrines were constructed at the block offices. The SEU staff members were involved inconducting the training and they also served as resource persons in many other trainingprogrammes, (deatils are given as annexure-4)

Collaboration with the Kerala Community Irrigation Project (KCIP).

SEU (Central) was invited by the KCIP for participating in the workshop on the..,.•. institutionalisation of their water user's association. During this workshop the experience

with the water committees were shared with the KCIP. A state level seminar is alsoproposed for which SEU is considered as one of the potential partners to finalise thestrategy of institutionalisation.

Women Masons visit to Uttar Pradesh

A team of five women masons from the SEU (Central) area were taken on a visit to UttarPradesh and Gujarat to familiarise with the women masons' programme there. The visitwas sponsored by the Women in Development Section, Royal Netherlands Embassy andthe team was led by Ms.Anilakumary, Field Organiser, SEU (Central). It was a goodexposure for them to examine their capability and credibility in implementing similar'programmes in Kerala.

TRAINING IN PARTICIPATORY TECHNIQUES FOR COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

The Community Participation Unit (CPU), Rajasthan, a German-funded water andsanitation project, has been requesting SEU to train their staff in Participatory techniquesfor Community Participation. After a few rounds of discussions and a needs-assessmentvisit by some of the staff members of SEU, and preparation of a training module,complete with a manual outlining course contents, the SEU team comprising of Mrs.O.T.Remadevi, Ms.Thresiamma Mathew and Mr.George Varghese conducted the trainingat Rajasthan on February 14th-24th, 1996. The training was conducted as a workshopon Participatory Training Techniques for Community Participation. The topics dealt in thetraining are creative and resource exploration, Team building and inter-personalperceptions for community participation, women's participation and gender issuesensitisation, Integration of hardware & software activities, Hygiene education & capacitybuilding and Field practice & preparation

SEU is in the process of revising the content of the training while incorporating relevantfield realities, it is the intention of the project to offer this training to the personnel workingwith the community in thewater, sanitation, social welfare and health sector.

LATRINE-WITH-EDUCATION PROGRAMME

The Sanitation programme is currently ongoing in 61 Panchayats (51 project area and 10outside the project area). As of 31 March 1996 44,650 household and 246 Institutionallatrines completed. 16,338 household latrines have been built during the year 1995-96out of which 887 were built with inter-agency collaboration. Construction of householdlatrines since inception thus becomes 44,650 out of which 1643 were built under inter-agency collaboration. Rs. 13,443,880 were contributed by various panchayatsparticipating in the joint sanitation programme and this is a very substantial amount ofmonetary share as compared with funds mobilised from local self government institutions

SEU-KERALA Half-Year Report (1/10/95-31/3/96)

• • . • • . . : • . 1 5 ' . • ; . ' • ' .• ••

for a joint programme is concerned.

One innovative development during the reporting period was that the stakeholders wereasked to contribute the sand and bricks. Suggestion came from the community that theywill be able to provide the sand and bricks for construction. While registering the namefor latrines the stakeholders were asked to indicate their interest and willingness toprovide the sand and bricks. This change in the programme reduces the hassle ofnegotiation with contractors; bringing down the efforts of supervision from supervisorsand ward committees; creating confidence among the householders and increased usersatisfaction etc.. This also further helps the organisation in minimising the logistics andsupervision. Some time back similar approach was followed in Nannanmmukku andAlancode panchayats (under Edappal water schemes) and it took much more time thanthe normal period. However, in the present 12 panchayats this approach has beenpopularised and found to be effective and more families are coming forward with thisproposition. The construction will resume only after 75% of the selected householdsassemble the materials for the latrine. Even though, there are some set backs this willbe a good option or proposition for large scale sanitation programmes.

In many Panchayats the cost of latrines have increased due to increase in cost ofconstruction materials. For example the cost of cement varied from Rs160 to Rs168during the months of January-March.

SEU North had planned construction of 8080 household latrines during the period 1995-96 out of which 6892 have been completed. Out of these 6892 latrines, 3388 were builtduring the October-March.

SEU South planned for 3050 household latrines to be constructed this year and they havecompleted their target. 3942 have been constructed during the year 1995-96 and 892latrines out of the 3942 were completion of latrine units from the previous year. Duringthe reporting period; October 95 to March 96, the number of household latrine units were1594.

Number of household latrines planned to be constructed by the SEU Central during theyear 1995-96 were 4500. The target has been achieved. A total of 5436 latrine units havebeen built during the year out of which 4262 were built during October - March. 936latrine units which were in various stages of completion at the beginning of the year werealso completed during the year.

The following table summarises the number of latrine units planned for construction byeach of the SEU and the numbers completed by them.

UNIT

SEU (North)

SEU (South)

SEU (Central)

8080

3550

4500

Latrines planned1995-96

6892

3942

5436

Latrines built1995-96

Cost of household latrine units ranges from Rs.2400 to 2900 across the SEU projectareas. Cost of latrine units in water-logged areas differ from Rs.3000 to Rs.3300.

SEU-KERALA Half-Year Report (1/10/95-3M3I96)

. • . . • ' ' . ' • : ' ' ' ' 1 6 • • . ' • • • •

In view of the government's decision in considering SEU as the Nodal agency for IEC itwill be possible to develop suitable implementation packages in each district. Similarlyin the resource mobilisation the experience of SEU is found to be most relevant andappropriate due to the Panchayati-raj institutions.

The monitoring data from the three units demonstrates the effective use of latrines,environmental conditions and other behavioural practices.

The following pages show scheme-wise, panchayat-wise details of latrine construction.

SEU-KERALA Half-Year Report (1/10/95-31/3/96)

: • . . . • • ' • • ' 1 7 • • • • • . , '

LATRINE-WITH-EDUCATION PROGRAMMEPROGRESS IN CONSTRUCTION OF LATRINES

SCHEME/PANCHAYAVAKKOM-ANJENGOChirayinkilKizhuvilamVakkomKadakkavoorAnjengoAzhur

CHERIYANADTHRIKKUNNAPUZHAKOIPURAMKUNDARAKundaraEast-KalladaPavithreswaramNeduvathoorKulakkada

EzhukonePerayam

MALAMalaPuthenchiraVellangallore

Poyya*KuzhurAnnamanada

NATTIKA-FIRKAValappadVatanappallyEdathuruthyKaipamangalamEngandiyoorPerinjanamS.N.Puram

Mathilakom

ThalikulamPAVARATTYThnthalaPunnayoorNagalasserryChalisserry

KOLACHERRYMayyil"KolacherryMunderi"KeezhallurKuttiattoor"NarathKoodali"Mattannur

Plannedfor 1995-96

3000000

4500

400100

0300300300400

500500

350150400

0150450

200200

0100300100400

400

300

0650350

0

620427582583

1048637

13080

HOUSEHOLD 1

BUILT

this year

325148490

165305386574372

0280454230498

156

204124800

085

512

538476

53

0481118226

680

401

0193342203

776248615583810630

12050

.ATRINES

BUILT

Since inception

11481137305393997595

23521816708

616333492230

. 498

156

1392145821761665616512

1340676

1517908967719226

680

401

0193517203

1860988

13101211154410621508

0

INSTITUTIONAL LATRINES

BUILT

this year

101001

o20

02725

12

1848970

8732822

0

0

59598480

BUILT

Since inception

187

: 7548895

74

103

1.0

13

1848970

87328220

0

59598480

I Panchayat

contribution

|_ (Rupees)

106000310008000

100002000

1670008000070500

215000

15000145000341000112000158000

285000112000

65000281000497000

0100000170000

40400032100012000080000

15000010000090000

102000

125000

074900050000

100000

540000563300389645475000717500450000679000

0

SEU-KERALA

18

Half-Year Report (1/10/95-31/3/96)

EDAPPALVattamkulamEdappalThavanurAlancodeNannamukke

CHEEKODEKondottyNediyirippeRamanattukaraFeroke

TOTALINTER-AGENCY CollaMatsyafedUnicefSamagravikasCoastal SanitationJRY - AzhoorVettomCherukkunnu pancha^

Total

GRAND TOTAL

4003132500300343

600600

00

19733

75000

17500

1600500

4600

; • . 24333

392132500280

• 283

0438

00

16270

5510000

518179

1248

17518

545442503692540

0557

10411262

43007

105150

231231

. 80518179

1643

44650

00

o00

0000

150

000

11000

11

161

00000

0000

235

000

11000

11

246

12000088000

300000218864240000

50000362700

0100000

10655509

93700021800024300080300041000

325000221371

2788371

13443880

'* includes distribution of pans and traps due to greater demand.

Construction during the year in excress of planned figures include figures from previous plan period

SEU-KERALA Half-Year Report (1/10/95-3M3/96)

19

KERALA HYGIENE EVALUATION STUDY

The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSH&TM) is developing ahandbook on Hygiene Evaluation Procedures. The draft handbook was field tested inSEU project areas; Afghanistan being another country where there was a similar fieldtesting conducted. Dr.Astier Almedom, Lecturer in Medical Anthropology, LSH&TM visitedKerala to train a Study Team in Hygiene Evaluation Procedures. The team, comprisingof Ms.K.Anila Kumary, Mr.Francis K.A, Mr.P.Harish Kumar, Mrs.Kochurani Mathew,Mr.Lalachan P.V., Ms.Ussy Paul, Mr.Manilal V., Mr.Manoharan B.,Mr. C.K.Nagesh,Ms.Nisha K., Mrs O.T.Remadevi, Mr.Suresh Babu K.N. and Mrs.Vijayalekshmi AmmalS. The team embarked on an evaluation exercise called the Kerala Hygiene EvaluationStudy.

Kuttyattoor (Kannur district), Puthenchira (Trichur district) and Thrikkunnapuzha(Alappuzha district) were three panchayats selected as study areas and these werepanchayats where SEU had already done some work during the past eight years.

The study team aimed to investigate the existing water and sanitation related hygienepractices in their cultural, social, economic and physical context and to define relevantissues for follow-up action and or further investigation for SEU.

In specific terms, the study focussed on the folowing:

1) on water issues - in locating all existing water sources studying the watercollection, storage and handling practices at the source, in transit and in thehome and also in finding out the reasons for, adopting or not adopting certainhygiene practices and

2) on sanitation (Excreta Disposal) issues, in identifying the existing sanitaryfacilities in studying the ways of disposal of children's stools, hand washing atcritical times and in assuming the functionality, use and upkeep of latrines and in

3) identifying the existing domestic hygienic practices (environmental sanitation)

4) assuming the personal hygiene level, water use habits and environmentalsanitation practices in Schools and Kindergartens.

The Methods and tools used were:Healthwalk to familiarise with the physical context,History line for gathering time related data,Seasonal calendar for collecting seasonal pattern of incidence of diarrhoeal diseasesInformal interviews,Gender tasks and resource analysis - by using pictures depicting local activities forinvestigating the general context in which hygiene practices occur and structuredobservations using observation schedules,Group discussions using participatory tools such as 3 pile sorting cards and PocketCharts and House and School visits were used to investigate the specific clusters ofhygiene practices.

The group discussions though interesting, the participants (village) found it timedemanding. The study team were pressurised with a lot of work from their normal dutyschedule, both preplanned and unavoidable day to day activities. However quite

SEU-KERALA Half-Year Report (1/10/95-3113/96)

20

satisfactory level of participation was achieved.

The main findings were as follows:While ample care is taken by the people in storing water, less care is taken intransportation and handling of water.

Diarrhoeal diseases was reporting from 7.6% of the group (The average as per 1994figure of State Health Services is 20.5%. (205.85 per 1000 persons). Populationexposed to risk of acute diarrhoeal disease is 39 lakhs with the figures only from Govt.Hospitals. In reality it could be much higher if private Hospital records and unreportedcases are also taken. The range is from 5.7% to 12.9% starting from hilly area to coastalarea. This shows that even if facilities are provided, the particular living environmentalproblems as in the coastal region needs special attention and follow up.

There might also have been other reasons to be explored for such a incidence ofdiarrhoea in the coastal areas. Steps should also be taken to curtail the incidence rate,in other parts through continuous participatory and sustainable educational inputs.

The present results throw light on particular afore mentioned issues and we would beconcentrating more on these in our future programmes. The Ward Water Committees,the User Groups and the related department officials would also be briefed accordingly.Required changes would be adopted in the Hygiene Education Strategies and ActionPlans, training sessions and also in resource exchange forums.

General information regarding water sources, water use, latrine use, functionality andupkeep have already been gathered without using the Handbook. The handbook hashelped in gathering more specific clusters of behaviour in a systematic way.

A Peer-review workshop was held at London on April 1-2, 1996 in which persons involvedwith the handbook, water and sanitation projects and the projects where the handbookwas field tested. Mr.P.Hahsh Kumar, Programme Officer, SEU Co-ordinating officeattended this workshop.

SEU Coordinating Office, Trivandrum

Taskforce and Working Group:

As outlined in the inception report for the NAP second programme, district level taksforceand working group were established. Similarly the "Concentration Blocks" were identifiedin three districts, viz, Palghat, Malappuram and Thiruvananthapuram. Three DistrictCoordinators were provided from the SEU to coordinate community level investigationand liaise with the District Taskforce. Five types of community level investigation areplanned: (a) Household survey: to gather information on the use of existing water supplyand environmental sanitation facilities, use and the conditions together with the healthstatus of the families from the concentration blocks. The objective is to establish a factualplanning base from which to determine/confirm sector development requirements foreach concentration blocks. A questionnaire has been developed which composed ofinterviews and observations. It is expected that the household data collection will becompleted by end May 1996.

The other investigations are Environmental sanitation status- a baseline description ofexisting conditions identifying the nature, description and locations of specific problems

SEU-KERALA Half-Year Report (1/1O/S5-3M3I96)

' • . • • • / • : " • • . • 2 1 ; . • • • • • • • • : • : . . ' . . ' • • • '

and existing management procedures and facilities. During the last Taskforce meetingwhich was held on 2nd April 1996 it has been decided that all the reports of theinvestigation work should be ready by September 1996 for enabling the State PlanningBoard to incorporate findings in to the 9th Five year plan proposals.

Coastal Sanitation Programme

This was planned as a major programme by the Government. But unfortunately due topoor follow up it was not possible to generate adequate funds and attention of variousdepartments/donors. However, as a small way three type of coastal programmes weredeveloped in Kollam, Thrissur and Malappuram districts. Negotiations are still takingplace with Matsyafed, Department of Fisheries and Coastal Development Authority forrejuvenating this programme.

IEC Model Action Plan Proposals for State and Districts

The Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission (RGNDWM), New Delhi developed anInformation, Education and Communication strategy to promote the construction, use andmaintenance of water and sanitation facilities through out India. As a preliminary step 65districts were identified in India. Out of this 3 districts are from Kerala. As requested bythe Commissioner and Secretary, Rural Development Department, Government ofKerala, SEU Coordinating Office prepared a draft proposal for submitting to theRGNDWM. In this proposal SEU Foundation has been suggested as the nodal agencyand coordinating agency for implementing the IEC activity in the State. Three districtsviz, Kollam, Alapuzha and Malappuram has been identified for the IEC project. TheGovernment of India provides 50% of the funds for this programme and the balance hasto be met by the State Government. If this approach is a success there are chances tomultiply the programme in the coming years.

Workshop on Traditional Media in Water and Sanitation Programmes (with specialfocus on women) on 31 Jan-1 Feb.

The Traditional Media workshop, which was mainly organised to focus attention ongender aspects of Water and Sanitation programmes. This was jointly organised by theWomen in Development and Water and Sanitation sections of the Royal NetherlandsEmbassy, New Delhi; Programme Support Unit, Lucknow; Socio-Economic Units, Kerala;Kerala Chapter of the International Union for Health Promotion and Education. The twoday workshop was inaugurated by Mr. T. M. Jacob, The Honorable Minister for Irrigation,Water Supply and Culture, Government of Kerala on 31st January 1996. Mr. N.V.Madhavan IAS, Secretary to Government (Culture), presided over. Ms. Riet Turksma,First Secretary (Women in Development), presented the theme of the workshop. Ms.Christine van Wijk, Senior Programme Officer, International Reference Centre for Waterand Sanitation, The Hague presented the experience of folk arts on internationalperspective. Mrs. S. Krishnaveni, Managing Director offered felicitations. The mainobjective of the workshop was to discuss traditional media and folk art forms that can betransformed into participatory forms as part of development communication in Water andSanitation programmes. Altogether 65 artistes from Uttar Pradesh and Kerala werepresented various art forms. Besides there were resource persons from Folk arts

SEU-KERALA Half-Year Report (1/10/95-31/3/96)

" • . . 2 2 • < • • • • . : • • • • • .

academy, Public Relations, Health Department, All India Radio, Press InformationBureau, NGOs, etc.. From Kerala the artistes were School Children, Water Committeeand Core Group members. The SEU (South) organised 4 traditional folk art items and theSEU (Central) presented three items. The professional group from Uttar Pradeshdemonstrated 15 items. This was a unique opportunity for the Kerala and UP artistes andproject staff to learn each others experience. The SEUs are very grateful to Ms.RietTurksma, for her continued support and guidance in organising this workshop.

Well Improvement Programme

This is a programme supported by the Government of Kerala. SEU also contributedmatching funds for this programme and have arranged water quality testing of improvedwells. In the new programme this activity is restricted for SC/ST habitations. Communitymanaged initiatives through cost sharing is the main feature of this programme. ThreeVoluntary Organisations are identified for implementing the programme and SEU act asthe facilitator including the monitoring role. Partner agencies and the stakeholderscontribute 50% of the cost incurred for improving the wells. In addition to the cost sharingthe partner agencies are responsible for hygiene promotion activities, follow up andmonitoring. The following three organisations were provided assistance. It is expectedthat approximately 100 wells will be constructed by May 1996.

Wayanad Social Service Society, Wayand - Rs. 225,000.00Peermade Development Society, Idukki - Rs. 226,650.00Joint Action Council, Kannur - Rs. 120,000.00

Total - Rs. 571,650.00

Project Formulation Workshop for SEU Senior Staff Members

To support the capacity development of SEU foundation and to improve knowledge of 10members of the SEU Foundation on various aspects of project development, ETCInternational facilitated a three-day workshop at Trivandrum on February 6-8, 1996. Theworkshop was also part of the capacity development of the SEU Foundation which endedup with action plans for the near future.

Ranging from developing a Mission Statement for the organisation up to laying downaction plans through identifying sectors, project development, and tendering procedures,the three-day workshop also made an assessment of professional skills and areas whereenhancement of skills of SEU Foundation members.

Operation and Maintenance Improvement Programme (OMIP)

The first draft manual on Operation and Maintenance is completed during the reportingperiod. The Assistant Engineer seconded from the SEU have been given theresponsibility in monitoring the section level meetings and the collection of 'as laid maps'.The OMIP team has done a comprehensive review of the technical status of 8 watersupply schemes (4 Netherlands 3 Danida and 1 KWA scheme). Four training courses onvarious aspects of O & M with the help of KWA Training Cell. A workshop on CommunityParticipation in O & M was jointly organised at Trivandrum by the OMIP, KWA TrainingCell and the SEU on 23rd February 1996. This was inaugurated by Mr. S. Sundareshan,

SEU-KERALA Half-Year Report (1/10/95-31/3/96)

2 3 • . . . • • ' •. • . • . • .

Secretary to Government (Irrigation & Water Supply). Mr. P. K. Sivanandan, MissionDirector and Joint Secretary, Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission and Mr. CarelBrands, First Secretary (Water Supply & Sanitation), Royal Netherlands Embassy, NewDelhi and many other resource persons from KWA, SEU and donors participated in themeeting. Case Studies on the experience of section level meetings, fault reporting andother community initiatives in the schemes were presented during the workshop.

Study on the Protection of open wells to improve water quality- (AIIH &PH) Calcutta

The final draft report of the study was submitted only in late March 1996. From the resultsof Water quality analysis conducted in different stages it was identified that there is atendency of deterioration of water quality after it has been disinfected. Even insystematically constructed, well guarded dug wells of the both experimental and controlgroup the appearence of bacteriological contamination after six days of the disinfectionis a clear example of resurgence of pollution. More over there is a typical problem inKerala the people do not like the idea of covering the well fully with concrete or other solidcovers. However, there is a tendency in several communities in Kerala to practicedisinfection or some kind of home treatment of the water for drinking. Therefore it wouldlogical to imagine that an appropriate community based disinfection programme wouldpossibly be accepted by the communities in many parts of the state. The majorrecommendations of the study are as follows:

to minimse the entry of pollution only through one or two of the interventions arenot enough. The interventions should comprise good parapet, good lining, goodplatform, good adequate drain and atleast a nylon net cover;

Even with all the interventions as mentioned above a sustainable disinfectionprocess has to be developed. An appropriate drip chlorinator or pot chlorinatorcould only ascertain sustained disinfection vis-a-vis sustained safe bacteriologicalwater quality;

It is desirable that a community based system of procurement and supply ofappropnate disinfectant such as bleaching powder or herbal product and of dripchlohnators, which could be as well channelised through panchayat, should bedeveloped;

Side by side a community based water quality surveillance through field kits couldalso be developed and practiced in the villages by training appropriate localvolunteers.

As indicated in the terms of reference the representatives from the AIIH&PH organiseda training programme on April 9-1 Oth, 1996 for SEU staff members. Water Quality testingis based on the outcome of the study. The field staff were given an indepth training onthe use of water testing field kits, which was developed by AIIH &PH, in testing theresidual chlorine and bacteriological quality of water. The field staff were taken to the fieldand they were asked to collect and test the water quality under the guidance of AssociateProfessor A. Majumdar and Dr. G. Basu from the All india Institute of Hygiene and PublicHealth.

Evaluation study on the effectiveness of SEU activities

SEU-KERALA Half-Year Report (1/10/95-3M3/96)

24 :.: .

The field data collection exercise took long time than anticipated. More over theConsultant was almost bed ridden for a month. According to the latest information thefield investigation in both, the experimental and the control areas. The data processingand the report writing is under progress. It is expected that the final report would beavailable by the end of May 1996.

Study on the School Health Programme

The data collection work from the five districts are completed in February 1996. Fromeach SEU units 20% of the schools were selected at random for the study. From eachof these selected schools 20 per cent of the club members and 10 per cent of ex-members of the clubs were further selected at random for detailed investigation. Thesample size of the parents were limited to one-third of the students. The evaluation hasalso attempted three detailed case studies on school health club, one each from theunits. The final report is expected from the Centre for Social Research, SouthernRegional Centre, Trivandrum in May 1996.

Danida Appraisal Mission & Consultant to UNDP/World Bank, Regional Water andSanitation Group

The Executive Coordinator was invited to join as a resource person on Sanitation for theAppraisal mission of Danida supported integrated sanitation and water project in TamilNadu by the Royal Danish Embassy, New Delhi from October 2-13, 1996.

He was also requested to Evaluate the Integrated Rural Water Supply and EnvironmentalSanitation Demonstration Project, Mohammed Bazaar Block, West Bengal from 20thNovember to 2nd December 1995 by the UNDP/World Bank and the Government of WestBengal. The final report was submitted to the UNDP/World Bank in January 1996.

Gender Profile of Wayanad district .

As requested by the Women in Development Section, Royal Netherlands Embassy, NewDelhi a brief report and a tentative budget was prepared in January 1996. This proposalis accepted by the Embassy and it is expected to complete the report within threemonths.

Mid-term evaluation of Simavi funded Spring Development Project in Kerala

The Simavi funded Spring Development Programme is ongoing in three districts, viz,Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam and Pathanamthitta. Pazhakulam Social Service Society(PASSS) is implementing the programme.The current programme includes a trainingcomponent of NGOs in identification, construction, management and monitoring of springprogrammes. In order to review, consolidate and document the third phase of theprogramme a mid term evaluation is scheduled to take place in mid 1996. During the visitof the Head of Project, Simavi, she has requested the SEU to prepare a formal proposalfor the evaluation. The proposal was submitted on 25th January and it is approved bySimavi in late March 1996, The objectives of the mid term evaluation are as follows:

to assess the degree, type and magnitude of community organisation,participation and its quality;to assess the level of knowledge and practices of consumers on various type of

SEU-KERALA Half-Year Report (1/10/95-31/3/96)

• • • • • • • 2 5 . • ..

water related hygiene habits;to assess the role and importance given to the women members in the wholeprogramme;to assess the training capacity of the personnel involved, type of training givento target groups and topics covered during the training;to study the efforts taken by the community groups in operation and maintenanceof the facilities and its repJicability;to study the water availability during the summer and winter seasons and the typeof water conservation methods adopted by the community for retaining the waterlevel;to study the type of monitoring format introduced by the project and thecommunity groups about the use and maintenance of the facilities;to identify the critical inputs made by PASSS and the factors which contributedto the success of natural development of springs as an alternative to other formsof water supply;to investigate the steps adopted in the programme and the role of local bodies in

view of the Panchayati-raj system.

According to the agreement the report of the study would be ready by November 1996.

Research Project on Water Use Pattern and Sanitation Behaviour

Study proposal on Water use pattern and sanitation behaviour-an appreciation ofaccessibility to and usage of water resources in Kerala was prepared and submitted forfunding to the Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission, on 12 March 1996.

The objectives of the study are: review the progress of safe water supply and sanitationprogramme in rural Kerala and identify the factors responsible for its, tardy progress;

using the results of the study to suggest replicable models for implementing waterand sanitation related schemes;

to assess the extent of coverage, usage/misusage pattern of protected drinkingwater supply in different (a) geographical regions of the state; (b) areas anddwellings inhabited by the weaker sections of society (ST/SC);

to gauge the extent of accessability to safe water source (traditional & modern)their ownership and the distance to cover for reaching them;

to observe the preferences and understand the perceptions of safe water sourcesand quality of different types of safe water;

to observe the attitude towards preservation, maintenance and protection ofwater sources and conservation/minimisation of treated/ safe/piped water;

to assess the responses to social mobilisation concept and participation in waterand sanitation related programmes;

Collaboration with UNICEF

Negotiations are still taking place on collaboration with UNICEF in implementing the

SEU-KERALA Half- Year Report (1/10/95-31 /3/96)

26

CDD/WATSAN project in Kerala. After several negotiations, the letter of intent has beensent to UNICEF, New Delhi Office. This will be further discussed by the end of April 1996and an agreement will be made with the help of Government of Kerala before June 1996.

SEU-KERA LA Half- Year Report (1/10/95-31 /3/96)

' 27 ' •• • " . .

FINANCE

Expenditure total of all SEUs together against a budget of Rs.45,247,000, amountsRs.40,590,410 thereby showing expenditure of 89.71 % of the budgeted amount. Majordeviation has been on line item 7.1 for manpower. Operational costs were around 6% ofthe total expenditure whereas other software activities like Hygiene Education, Studies& Monitoring, Training & Orientation and Publication & Documentation figures around7.75% of the total expenditure for the period.

More than 65% of the expenses during the year 1995-96 has been spent on sanitationRs.26,626,067 was spent on this line item against a total expenditure of Rs.40,590,410.Manpower cost of Rs.7,084,311 constitutes about 17% of the expenditure and this time,this has been higher because there have been lump-sum payments against gratuity andemployment termination benefits for the Netherlands-supported SEUs and workassociated with the Taskforce

Expenditure for the Netherlands-supported SEUs (South, Central and Co-ordinatingOffice) for the year was Rs.28,837,401 which is 99.33% of the budgeted amount ofRs.29,032,000. Here again, sanitation components has consumed 63% of the totalexpenditure while SEU Central spent 99.39% of their budgeted amount, SEU South hasslightly overspent by 3.02%.

SEU North has spent 72.48%, Rs.11,753,009 against a budget of Rs.16.215,000 (1 April1995 - 31 March 1996) spent 91.34% Rs.4,989.090 of their budgeted amounts. Thefollowing pages show break-up figures line-item wise and unit-wise.

SEU-KERALA Half-Year Report (1/10/95-31/3/96)

. . , • • , • . ' • • ' 2 8 • • • • - . • . • ' ' ' • • • •

COm9

O

SOCIO-ECONOMIC UNITS, KERALAQUARTERLY EXPENDITURE (Line item - wise)

PERIOD: 1/04/1995 through 31/3/1996

SEU KERALA -COMBINED

LINES

1

1.1

1.2

2

2 1

2.2

2.3

2.4

3

4

5

6

7

7.1

7.2

7.3

7.4

8

8.1

8.2

8.3

8.4

9

9.1

9.2

9.3

9.4

9.5

DESCRIPTION

WATER RELATED ACTIVITIES

Site Selection

Traditional Sources

Sub Total

SANITATION

Household Sanitation

Institutional Latrines

EnvironmentalSanitation

Inter-agency Collaboration

Sub Total

HYGIENE EDUCATION

STUDIES & MONITORING

TRAININGS. ORIENTATION

PUBLICATION & DOCUMENTATION

Sub Total

MANPOWER

Local staff - Permanent

Local staff - Temporary

Work Contracted

Local Consultants

Sub Total

CAPITAL COSTS

Office Equipment

Vehicles

Furniture

Transport/Insurance

Sub Total

OPERATIONAL EXPENSES

Office Accommodation

O&M Office Equipment

O&M vehicles

Office Costs

Travel & Accommodation - Staff

Sub Total

GRAND TOTAL

BUDGET

240000

460000

700000

20855000

640000

80000

6905000

28480000

1305000

890000

990000

932000

4117000

4138000

1193000

1690000

325000

7346000

420000

610000

55000

27000

1112000

111000

171000

755000

1150000

1305000

3492000

45247000

EXPENDITURE

Haifl

63913

20207

84120

10989012

78715

4288

2030948

13102963

622176

216132

249847

139406

1227561

2091337

565458

660832

35060

3352687

162220

11386

0

12380

185986

17765

37608

262550

410382

518574

1246879

19200196

Half II

41079

269000

310079

9504031

209635

33754

3775684

13523104

388121

613188

405063

512040

1918412

2210500

486141

762354

272629

3731624

163085

372542

9311

8254

553192

49324

77044

284896

450671

491868

1353803

21390214

Total

104992

289207

394199

20493043

288350

38042

5806632

26626067

1010297

829320

654910

651446

3145973

4301837

1051599

1423186

307689

7084311

325305

383928

9311

20634

739178

67089

114652

547446

861053;

1010442

2600632

40590410

Balance

135008

170793

305801

361957

351650

41958

1098368

1853933

294703

60680

335090

280554

971027

-163837

141401

266814

17311

261689

94695

'< 226072

i 45689

6366

372822

43911

56348

207554

288947

294558

891318

4656590

% Spent

4375%

62.87%

56.31%

98.26%

45.05%

47.55%

84.09%

93.49%

77.42%

93.18%

66.15%

69.90%

76.41 %

103.96%

88.15%

84.21%

94.67%

96.44%

77.45%

62.94%

16.93%

76.42%

66.47%

60.44%

67.05%

72.51%

74.87%

77.43%

74.48%

89.71%

COs

o

70•goa.

us

CDCD

SOCIO-ECONOMIC UNITS, KERALAQUARTERLY EXPENDITURE (Line item -wise)

PERIOD: 1/04/1995 through 31/3/1996

UNIT: SEU(Nortti>, Kozhikode

LINES

1

1.1

1.2

2

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

3

4

5

6

7

7 1

7.2

7.3

7.4

8

8.1

8.2

8.3

8.4

9

9.1

92

9.3

9.4

9.5

DESCRIPTION

WATER RELATED ACTIVITIES

Site Selection

Traditional Sources

Sub Total

SANITATION

Household Sanitation

Institutional Latrines

Environmental Sanitation

Inter-agency Collaboration

Sub Total

HYGIENE EDUCATION

STUDIES & MONITORING

TRAINING & ORIENTATION

PUBLICATION & DOCUMENTATION

Sub Total

MANPOWER

Local staff - Permanent

Local staff - Temporary

Work Contracted

Local Consultants

Sub Total

CAPITAL COSTS

Office Equipment

Vehicles

Furniture

Transport/Insurance

Sub Total

OPERATIONAL EXPENSES

Office Accommodation

OSM Office Equipment

O&M vehicles

Office Costs

Travel & Accommodation - Staff

Sub Total

GRAND TOTAL

BUDGET

0

160000

160000

8880000

400000

40000

2000000

11320000

395000

125000

340000

487000

1347000

853000

563000

490000

0

1906000

20000

0

0

0

20000

51000

46000

340000

375000

650000

1 462000

16215000

EXPENDITURE

Half!

0

17487

17487

4802464

69545

0

1047500

5919509

144037

62428

71624

19344

297433

420090

273571

167071

0

860732

0

0

0

0

0

12703

6653

71489

107968

272941

471754

7566915

Half it

0

58000

58000

1766919

9492

0

762044

2538455

148088

33485

106394

218688

506655

315938

138179

164396

0

618513

20000

0

0

0

20000

29355

10000

90389

100207

214520

444471

4186094

Total

0

75487

75487

6569383

79037

0

1809544

8457964

292125

95913

178018

238032

804088

736028

411750

331467

0

1479245

20000

0

0

0

20000

42058

16653

161878

208175

487461

916225

11753009

Balance

0

84513

84513

2310617

320963

.. 40000

190456

2862036

102875

29087

161982

248968

542912

116972

151250

158533

'. 0

\ 426755

0

0

0

0

0

8942

29347

178122

166825

162539

545775

i 4461991

% Spent

-

47.18%

47.18%

73.98%

19.76%

0.00%

90.48%

74.72%

73.96%

76 73%

52.36%

48.88%

59.69%

86.29%

73.13%

67.65%-

77.61 %

100.00%

-

-

-

100.00%

82.47%

36.20%

47.61%

55.51%

74.99%

62.67%

72.48%

tornc:

CD

o

CO

CD

cr>

SOCIO-ECONOMIC UNITS, KERALAQUARTERLY EXPENDITURE (Line item - wise)

PERIOD: W4/1995 through 31/3/1996

UNIT: SEU(Central ) , Thr issur

L I N E *

1

1.1

1.2

2

2 1

2.2

2.3

2.4

3

4

5

6

7

7.1

7.2

7.3

7.4

8

8 1

82

83

8.4

g

9.1

92

9.3

94

9.5

DESCRIPTION

WATER RELATED ACTIVITIES

Site Selection

Traditional Sources

Sub Total

SANITATION

Household Sanitation

Institutional Latrines :

Environmental Sanitation

I nte r- ag e n cy C oil a boration

Sub Total

HYGIENE EDUCATION

STUDIES S MONITORING

TRAINING & ORIENTATION

PUBLICATION & DOCUMENTATION

Sub Totai

MANPOWER

Local staff - Permanent

Local staff - Temporary

Work Contracted

Local Consultants

Sub Total

CAPITAL COSTS

Office Equipment . . .

Vehicles

Furniture

Transport/Insurance

Sub Total

OPERATIONAL EXPENSES

Office Accommodation

O&M Office Equipment

O&M vehicles

Office Costs

Travel & Accommodation - Staff

Sub Total

GRAND TOTAL

BUDGET

200000

50000

250000

6075000

150000

10000

2000000

8235000

200000

75000

200000

30000

505000

1275000

200000

650000

10000

2135000

150000

0

25000

10000

185000

25000

40000

200000

200000

180000

645000

11955000

EXPENDITURE

Halfl

37034

2720

39754

3601481

3216

0

937500

4542197

69976

25212

96954

9380

201522

641636

70788

250379

6160

968963

63000

0

0

1687

64687

4512

9962

64736

78228

53554

210992

6028115

Half II

28543

5000

33543

3934984

117061

10000

157500

4219545

57145

23797

48369

0

129311

726101

114133

309367

0

1149601

0

0

0

6931

6931

5264

17884

114384

109545

67851

314928

5853859

Total

65577

7720

73297

7536465

120277

10000

1095000

8761742

127121

49009

145323

9380

330833

1367737

184921

559746

6160

2118564

63000

0

0

8618

71618

9776

27846

179120

187773

121405

525920

11881974

Balance

134423

42280

176703

-1461465

29723

0

905000

-526742

72879

25991

54677

20620

174167

-92737

15079

90254

3840

16436

87000

0

25000

1382

113382

15224

12154

20880

12227

58595

119080

73026

% Spent

32.79%

15.44%

29.32%

124.06%

80.18%

100.00%

54.75%

106.40%

63.56%

65.35%

72 66%

31.27%

65.51%

107.27%

92.46%

86.11%

61.60%

99.23%

42.00%

-

0.00%

86.18%

38.71%

39.10%

69.62%

89.56%

93.89%

67.45%

81.54%

99.39%

Notes on Financial Statement of Expenditure( 1 October 1995 to 31 March 1996)

SEU (Central), Thrissur

2.1 Household Sanitation .

The over expenditure is due to the construction oflatrines targeted during the past plan period.

2.4 Inter Agency Collaboration

The unspent portion have been utilised for constructionof household latrines.

7.1 Local Staff - Permanent

The gratuity payment for all the staff upto 31 March 1996was effected during this period.

ftc:

I

00

oCD

O

CJ1

CD

SOCIO-ECONOMIC UNITS, KERALAQUARTERLY EXPENDITURE (Line item - wise)

PERIOD: 1/04/1995 through 31/3/1996

UNIT: SEU(South), Kollam

LINE #

1

1.1

1.2

2

21

2.2

23

2.4

3

4

5

6

7

7.1

7.2

7.3

7.4

8

8 1

8.2

83

84

9

9.1

92

9.3

9.4

95

DESCRIPTION

WATER RELATED ACTIVITIES

Site Selection

Traditional Sources

Sub Total

SANITATION

Household Sanitation

Institutional Latrines

Environmental Sanitation

Inter-agency Collaboration

Sub Total

HYGIENE EDUCATION

STUDIES & MONITORING

TRAINING 8. ORIENTATION

PUBLICATION S DOCUMENTATION

Sub Total

MANPOWER

Local staff - Permanent

Local staff - Temporary

Work Contracted

Local Consultants

Sub Total

CAPITAL COSTS

Office Equipment

Vehicles

Furniture

Transport/Insurance

Sub Total

OPERATIONAL EXPENSES

Office Accommodation

O&M Office Equipment

O&M vehicles

Office Costs

Travel & Accommodation - Staff

Sub Tota

GRAND TOTAL

BUDGET

40000

50000

90000

5900000

90000

30000

2555000

8575000

160000

40000

200000

15000

415000

1110000

160000

500000

15000

1785000

50000

160000

15000

10000

235000

15000

25000

125000

175000

175000

515000

11615000

EXPENDITUREHalf!

26879

0

26879

2585067

5954

4288

45948

2641257

35407

3292

74427

0

113126

606409

93772

230440

4332

934953

43408

11386

0

9448

64242

237

6117

96950

54977

52162

210443

3990900

Half It

12536

6000

18536

3802128

83082

23754

2506140

6415104

95492

30906

125110

14025

265533

691985

112283

268436

6492

1079196

3615

14033

0

0

17648

0

8074

41536

65369

64441

179420

7975437

Total

39415

6000

45415

6387195

89036

28042

2552088

9056361

130899

34198

199537

14025

378659

1298394

206055

498876

10824

2014149

47023

25419

0

9448

81890

237

14191

138486

120346

116603

389863

11966337

Balance

585

44000

44585

-487195

964

1958

2912

-481361

29101

5802

463

975

36341

-188394

-46055

1124

4176

-229149

2977

134581

15000

552

153110

14763

10809

-13486

54654

58397

125137

-351337

% Spent

98 54%

12.00%

50.46%

108.26%

98.93%

93.47%

99.89%

105.61%

81.81%

85.50%

99.77%

93 50%

91.24%

116.97%

128 78%

99.78%

72.16%

112.84%

94.05%

15.89%

000%

94 48%

34.85%

1.58%

56 76%

110 79%

68.77%

66 63%

75.70%

103.02%

Notes on Financial Statement of Expenditure( 1 October 1995 to 31 March 1996)

SEU (South), Kollam

Line item 2.1 Household Sanitation

Overexpenditure is due to the purchase of 3 loads of Pans& Traps transferred to panchayaths which was to be donein the previous period. •

Line item 7.1 & 7.2 Local Staff - Permanent & Temporary

Over expenditure is due to the lump-sum payment ofgratuity to all the staff upto 31 March 1996.

Line item 9.3 O&M - Vehicles

Over expenditure is due to the unexpected major repair ofthe Tempo Trax vehicle.

torn

to

a>

CD

V1

CO

SOCIO-ECONOMIC UNITS, KERALAQUARTERLY EXPENDITURE (Line item - wise)

PERIOD 1/04/1995 through 31/3/1996

UNIT: Co-ordinating Office, Trivandrum

LINES1

1.1

1.2

2

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

3

DESCRIPTION

WATER RELATED ACTIVITIES

Site Selection

Traditional Sources

Sub Total

SANITATION

Household Sanitation

Institutional Latrines

Environmental Sanitation

Inter-agency Collaboration

Sub Total

HYGIENE EDUCATION

4 STUDIES & MONITORING

51 TRAININGS ORIENTATION

6

7

7.1

72

73

7.4

8

8.1

8.2

83

8.4

9

9.1

9.2

93

PUBLICATION & DOCUMENTATION

Sub Total

MANPOWER

Local staff - Permanent

Local staff - Temporary

Work Contracted

Local Consultants

Sub Total

CAPITAL COSTS

Office Equipment

Vehicles

Furniture

Transport/insurance

Sub Total

OPERATIONAL EXPENSES

Office Accommodation

O&M Office Equipment

O&M vehicles

9.4 Office Costs

9.5 Travel & Accommodation - Staff

Sub Tot a

GRAND TOTAL

BUDGET

0

200000

200000

0

0

0

350000

350000

550000

650000

250000

400000

1850000

900000

270000

50000

300000

1520000

200000

450000

15000

7000

672000

20000

60000

90000

400000

300000

870000

5462000

Half!

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

372756

125200

6842

110682

615480

423202

127327

12942

24568

588039

55812

0

0

1245

57057

313

14876

29375

169209

139S17

353690

1614266

EXPENDITURE

Half II

0

200000

200000

0

0

0

350000

350000

87396

525000

125190

279327

1016913

476476

121546

20155

266137

884314

139470

358509

9311

1323

508613

14705

41086

38587

175550

145056

414984

3374824

Total

0

200000

200000

0

0

0

350000

350000

460152

650200

132032

390009

1632393

899678

248873

33097

290705

1472353

195282

358509

9311

2568

565670

15018

55962

67962

344759

284973

768674

4989090

Balance

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

89848

-200

117968

9991

217607

322

21127

16903

9295

47647

4718

91491

5689

4432

106330

4982

4038

22038

55241

15027

101326

472910

% Spent

0.00%

100.00%

100.00%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

100.00%

100 00%

83 66%

100.03%

52.81 %

97.50%

88.24%

99.96%

92.18%

66 19%

96.90%

96.87%

97.64%

79.67%

62.07%

36.69%

84.18%

75 09%

93.27%

7551%

86 19%

94.99%

88.35%

91 34%

Notes on Financial Statement of Expenditure(1 October 1995 to 31 March 1996)

Co-ordinating Office

Line item 1.2 Traditional Sources

This is the amount spent on matching funds for theGovernment of Kerala sponsored well improvementprogramme.

Line item 2.4 Inter Agency Collaboration

This is the amount transferred to SEU small project's A/cas matching funds for Government of Kerala's CleanerKerala Programme.

Line item 4 Studies &Monitoring

'Final payment has been made for the All India Institutefor Public health and Hygiene, Calcutta, and for theevaluation study undertaken by Prof.Vijay Kochar

Water Quality testing of the selected wells is beingentrusted with PASSS, Adoor.

Line item 5 Training & Orientation

Training modules for participatory tools is beingdeveloped. Could not be completed in time.

Line item 7.1 Local Staff - Permanent

Gratuity payment has been made for the CO staff upto 31March 1996.

Line item 8.1 Office Equipment

Computer, Hand held Scanner, EPABX system, FilingCabinet, Copier machine, inverters etc have purchasedduring the period.

Line item 8.2 Vehicles

A new Mahindra jeep has been purchased during thisperiod.

ANNEXURE - 1

Visitors from 1 October 1995 to 31 March 1996]

Mr. Stan Vipond, Technical Director, BKH Netherlands visited SEU CO on October 17 andDecember 14, 1995.

Ms. Henny Nellissen from Simavi Foundation, Netherlands visited SEU CO on November 11,1995

Dr. Astier Almedom, Anthropologist from London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicines.London visited Kerala from November 11-25, 1995 in connection with the Kerala HygieneEvaluation Study.

Mr. Jens Bjerre. Counsellor (Development), Royal Danish Embassy, New Delhi and Mr. MogensMcchta. Team Leader, OMIP visited SEU CO from December 4-8. 1995

Mr.Andrew C Vermeer, First Secretary. Development Cooperation Section. Sector Specialist.Environment. Royal Netherlands Embassy. New Delhi and Dr. Anneke Wevcrs. EnvironmentalProgrammer. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Hague. Netherlands visited SEU CO on December11.1995.

Ms. Christine van Wijk, Senior Programme Officer. IRC. The Hague. Netherlands. Ms. RietTurksma. First Secretary, (Women in Development). Royal Netherlands Embassy. New Delhi andMs. Padmaja Nair. Training Coordinator. PSU Lucknow visited Kerala from January 31 to February4. 1996 for attending the two day workshop on Traditional Media in water and sanitation (withspecial focus on women).

Mr. Sjef Gussenhoven. ETC. Netherlands and Ms.Yantsye Van dcr wal. Training Expert (HumanResource Development), ETC Sri Lanka visited SEU CO from February 4-10. 1996 for sen icesconducting the Project Formulation Training to SEU Staff.

- Mr. Jens Bjerre. Counsellor (Development). Royal Danish Embassy. New Delhi, visited Kerala fromFebruary 21 to 22. 1996.

Mr. P.K. Sivanandan IAS. Mission Director and Joint Secretary. Rajiv Gandhi National DrinkingWater Mission. Government of India visited the Coordinating Office on 22nd February 1996 inconnection with the discussion on IEC action plan and strategy for Kerala.

Mr. Vagn Rehoj. COWI Consult. OMIP. Denmark. Mr. Mogens Mechta. Team Leader. OMIP andMr.K.M. Namboodin. Consultant. OMIP visited SEU CO from February 21 to 23. 1996.

Mr. Dilip Fou/dar. Consultant. UNICEF Madras visited SEU Coordinating Office on 22nd February1996.

Mr. Card D.L.Brands. First Secretary, (Water Supply & Sanitation). Royal Netherlands Embassyvisited Kerala from February 22 to 28. 1996. He also visited the field level activities in SEU (South)and (Central).

Padmashn Ishwar Bhai Patel. Director of SAFA1 Vidyalaya. Ahmcdabad. Dr.K.A. Pisharoti. and Dr.Lois Philip, visited Kerala from February 27 lo 28. 1996. They have attended the GoverningCouncil meeting of the SEU Foundation.

-•••. ' Mr Arunkumar and Ms. Prcctha Lai from Eurotech Services (India) New Delhi visited SEU CO onMarch 29, 1996 to familiarise with the activities of SEU.

Selected Meetings

Dr.K. Balachandra Kurup. Executive Coordinator, SEU Kerala was identified as a resource personon sanitation for the Appraisal Mission of the Daiiida supported Integrated Sanitation & WaterSupply project, North Arcot District visited Cuddalore from October 2-13, 1995.

Mr.P. Harish Kumar, Programme Officer, SEU CO, Mr.R. Rajan, Office Superintendent. SEU(North) and Mr.P. Jayakumar, Accountant, SEU-CO attended Danida Accounts seminar held atTrivandrum from October 26-27, 1995.

Ms. Anila Kumary, Field organizer of SEU (Central), Trissur and 5 women masons of the JeevaPooma Womens Society, visited Manila Samakhya group in Bandha, UP to familiarise with theprogramme from October 30 to November 3, 1995.

Mr. K.A. Abdulla, Head of the Unit. SEU (Central) and Mr. Isac John, Programme Officer, SEU(North) attended Workshop on Participatory Development conducted by PR1A at New Delhi fromNovember 13 to 18, 1995.

Second NAP Task Force'meeting was held at Trissur on November 14, 1995 to discuss theguidelines, methodology and strategy of the programme. Sri.K.V.Nambiar, IAS, Secretary toGovernment. (Planning and Economic Affairs) Chairman of the Task Force, inaugurated themeeting. District Collectors Sri. Rajecv Sadanandan IAS, Trissur, Sri. James Varghese. IAS,Malappuram. and representatives from Planning board, KWA and SEU were participated.

OMIP Steering Committee meeting was held at Trissur on November 14, 1995. Officials fromKWA, OMIP and SEU were participated.

Dr.K, Balachandra Kurup, Executive Coordinator attended annual meeting of the Vanitha Samithyof the Kerala WaterAuthority held at Panchayat Hall, Trivandrum on November 20, 1996.

Second NAP Task Force Working Group Meeting was held at the Conference Hall of State PlanningBoard, Pattom, Trivandrum on November 25, 1995.

Dr.K. Balachandra Kurup. Executive Coordinator, SEU Kerala visited West Bengal to evaluate theMohammed Bazaar RWSS Demonstration Project of UNDP/World Bank in Birbhum District, WestBengal from November 21 to December 3, 1995..

Kerala Hygiene Evaluation Study debriefing meeting held at SEU CO on 24th November 1995.Dr.Astier Almedom, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. Mrs.S. Vijayalakshmi,Consultant, Programme Officers Mr.P. Harish Kumar, Mr. V. Manilal, & Mrs. Kochurani Mathewwere attended the meeting.

Dr.K. Balachandra Kurup attended debriefing meeting of the Karnataka Appraisal Mission at RoyalDanish Embassy, New Delhi on December 1, 1995.

Second NAP Task Force working group meeting was held at Collectorate. Trivandrum on December7, 1995. District Collector Smt. Aruna Sundarraj. IAS. District Panchayat President Sri.G.Sathyan,Working Group resource person Sri.S.M. Vijayanand. IAS, and representatives from PlanningBoard, KWA and SEU were attended.

Mararikulam Panchayat joint sanitation programme was inaugurated by Sri.V.S. Achuthanandan,Hon Opposition Leader. Kerala Legislative Assembly on December 27,1995.

One day seminar/discussion on Investigation Plan and Formulation of the Second NAP programmeheld at Trivandrum on January 6, 1996.

SEU Review meetings were held at Trivandrum from December 13-14. 1995 and February 29, 1996.

Dr.K. Balachandra Kurup. Executive Coordinator. SEU attended Danida Advisors annual workshopheld at Surajkhund, Haryana from January 12-13. 1996.

Participatory training on community participation and hygiene promotion conducted for ICDSSupervisors at Kozhikode from January 12-15, 1996 About 30 supervisors from all over Keralaattended.

A two day Folk art workshop on Traditional Media in water and sanitation held at Kanakakkunnupalace. Trivandrum from January 31-February 1. 1996. This workshop was conducted by RoyalNetherlands Embassy. New Delhi. Programme Support Unit. Lucknow. Socio-Economic Units,Kerala and the Kerala Chapter of International Union for Health Promotion and Education.

Our participatory training team members Mr. George Varghese. Mrs. Remadevi and Ms.Thrcsiamma Mathcw were invited by the German Supported integrated water and sanitationprogramme. Jaipur. Rajasthan to conduct training on Community Participation from February 14to 25. 1996.

Mr.C.O. Kurian. Head of the Unit. SEU (South). Kollam attended a two day workshop on DrinkingWater problems in Trivandrum organized by District Panchayat Office. Trivandrum from February26-27. 1996. Mr. Kurian also presented a paper on Experiences of the SEU in the Drinking Watersector.

OMIP Steering Committee meeting was held at Kerala Water Authority. Trivandrum on February22. 1996. Mr. Vagn Rchoj. Cowiconsult. Denmark. Mr. Jens Bjerre. Counsellor (Development).Royal Danish Embassy. Mr. Mogens Mechta. Team Leader. OMIP. and Mr KM. Namboodin.Consultant were attended.

One day workshop on Community Participation in Rural Water Supply Schemes organised by OMIPoffice, tnssur on 23rd February 1996 at Trivandrum. This was inaugurated by Mr.S. Sundarcshan.IAS. Secretary for Irrigation & Water Supply. GOK. Mr.P.K. Sivanandan. IAS. Director. RajivGandhi Technology Mission for Drinking Water. GO1. Mr. Card D.L. Brands. First Secretary.(Water& Sanitation). Royal Netherlands Embassy. Mrs. S. Krishnaveni. Managing Director. KWAand representatives from KWA and SEU were attended.

Executive Coordinator Dr. K. Balachandra Kurup. together with Mr, P.K. Sivanandan. MissionDirector & Joint Secretary. RGNDWM. Ministry of Rural Development. Government of Indiadiscussed the IEC proposal on model action plan for Kerala with Mr K, Mohan Das. IASCommissioner & Secretary, Rural Development Department. Government of Kerala on 24thFebruary 1996.

Second NAP progress review meetings were held at Malappuram on March 6th and Palghat on 7th.1996. Mr.John Abbott. Technical Liaison Officer. KWA and Dr.K. Balachandra Kurup. ExecutiveCoordinator. SEU were attended.

Dr.K. Balachandra Kunip. Executive Coordinator visited Danida Bangalore on March 15. 1996 to

discuss on the possible collaboration of SEU Foundation with the Karnataka Project.

Dr.K. Balachandra Kurup, Executive Coordinator attended a workshop on Problems andpossibilities of solid waste management in Trivandrum city conducted by Centre for Social Research,Trivandrum on 23rd March 1996.

Dr.K. Balachandra Kurup, Executive Coordinator attended a capsule workshop on Environmentaleducation in Management Training conducted by Institute of Human Resources Development forElectronics. Trivandrum on March 30 1996.

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187.4

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62.7

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1 44

188.8

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197.2

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124.4

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134.7

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147.5

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94.5

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1 87

170.8

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171.3

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112.6

1

1 3

1 13

! 716.36

1 9

! 8.3

1

1 2

! 1.8

: s

! 6.6

1 33

111.9

1 5

1 5.6

1 2

1 1.4

1 17

120.3

! 17

117.7

1 t

10.77

2

OF

4-10

40

37.2

24

29.6

28

38.8

47

42.3

37

37.7

14

40.8

2421.8

96

B9.8

47

44.1

25

20.8

94

32.5

41

44

21

16.7

22

26.1

13

13.5

16

15.5

>1Q 1

4? 1

48 1

43 1

53 1

41 t

54.9 1

50 1

43.0 i

59 !

60.2 1

4 1

24 1

79 I71.8 !

3 1

2.7 1

40 1

54 1

87 1

72.5 !

119 !

403 !

43 1

48.3 1

101 1

81.4 !

45 i

53.5 1

64 1

48.7

B6

83.4

c:luHrpt.»M

Sch«m 1 Technically cooiissionsd only in Mirch '94.

ANNEXURE - 3

KAfC OF PANOWYATH:ALAM<ODe

TOTAL NO.OF LATRINES MONITORED: PERIOD; JAN-FEB 19961

{POSITIVE :NEBATIVE :-• . ,:411 (99.7) i 1 (.24) i* * i

:4O5 (98.54): b (1.45) i: t t«4O0 (97.3) t 11 (2.6) i: i t

(387 (94.1) : 24 (5.8) >( t (

b 11.45) 1403 (98.54) i• t *

ft • I

( I (0.24) :410 (99.75) i( : :: 2 (0.4-r :"409 (99.51) it : :

RESPONSE

:1 . Use of latrines

(2. General cleanliness( • ;

t3. Cleanliness of pan

:4. Cleanliness of area surrounding the pant

(5, Colour fading of the pant:6. Whether trices of faecal dried particles in the pan(:7. Whether any cracks in the pan '

:B. WATER SEAL*i a. Only water: b. Water and traces of faecal particlest c. Only faecal particles

:9. Whether Niter is kept inside the toilet

:10. Whether water is kept outside the toiletI111. Soap is kept near/outside the toilet*112. Whether traces of faeces around housei

113. Whether roof in good conditiont

(14. Whether door in good condition:113. General condition regarding Flies, Mosquitoes,S«ellIi a. Presence of Fliest b. Presence of Mosquitoess c. Bad odour•

(16. Use by children

:17. Cooplaints regarding fuctioning

tIB. Whether aware Df the technique of changing channel

:19. Occurence of diarrheal diseases in the faiily

i20. Having separate container for storing water

*ti4Ua*

:318t

t406t

t

i

(411tft

(404

etc;I

I

(

i 3*

(100)

(77.37)

(98.78)

(100)

(98.2)

(0.72)

!

:: ;

:t 93i

: 5i

Milt

:

I

: 7

!t

M i lM i l:408•

1292/292(100):

t 2

Mili

t 4t

M i li

(0.48)

(100)

(0.97)

(100)

:

I

s409

i

t4O7

t

:

i

(22.92)

(0.97)

(100)

(1.70)

(100)(100)(99.2)

0

(99.5)

(99)

s

•

•

:

I

:

i

t

:

t

I

t

j

t

t

t

t

:

:

:

:

!

It

i

(

i

t

NAME OF PANCHAYATHiVATTOMKULAM

TOTAL NO.OF LATRINES M0MT0RED:392 PERIOD DECEMBER 1995

RESPONSE POSITIVE :NEBATIVE

It5.t

t

s7.:

:•

t

tlO.t111.t112.I(13.

( 1 7 .

:2O.

Use of latrines

Beneral cleanliness

Cleanliness of pan

Cleanliness of area surrounding the pan

Colour fading of the pan

Whether traces of faecal dried particles in the pan

Whether any cracks in the pan

MATER SEAL

a. Only water

b. Water and traces of faecal particles

c. Only faecal particles

Whether Mater is kept inside the toilet

Whether Mater is kept outside the toilet

Soap is kept neir/outaide the toilet

Whether traces of faeces around house

Whether roof in good condition

Whether door in good condition

Beneral condition regarding Flies, Mosquitoes,S«ll

a. Presence of Flies

b. Presence of Mosquitoesc. Bad odour

Use by children

Complaints regarding fuctioning

Whether mare of the technique of changing channel

Occurence of diarrheal diseases in the fanily

Having separate container for storing Mater

:392:1391

:392

I:392i

•

ti•

'.

1392i

I

:392

:1372t

»392

I:

t

:392

•

:392

t

etc:t: 43

! 19

«

(100)

(99.7)

(100)

(100)

0

0

0

1100)

00

(100)

(100)

(100)

(100)

(100)

(10.9)

(4.8)

:0i

:0

:0t

:0t

i392

:392•

:392

i

t•

t

i

i

t:!::

i392t

t

::

:

t

i:394

:373

:392

:129/208 (62X: 79

t

:3B4

•

:380

0

(97.9)

(96.9)

i

:392

E 8

:392

: 12

(100)

(100)

(100) _

(100)

(89)(95.1)

(100)

(37.9)

(100)

(2)

(100)

(3)

NAME OF PANCHAYATH: NANNAMUKKU

TOTAL NO.OF LATRINES MONITORED: 4S0

PERIOD: SEPT- OCTOBER 1995

••

11.

:l.

:3.

:4.

:5.

:6.

!7.

:8.

:9.

..A

:11.

:12.

:13.

:14.

:15.

:16.

:17.

:18.

:19.

:20.

RESPONSE

Use of latrines

General cleanliness

Cleanliness of pan

Cleanliness of area surrounding the pan

Colour fading of the pan

Whether traces of faecal dried particles in the pan

Whether any cracks in the pan

WATER SEAL

a. Only waterb. Water and tracss of faecal particlesc. Only faecal particles

Whether water is kept inside the toilet

Whether water is kept outside the toilet

Soap is kept near/outside the toilet

Whether traces of faeces around house

Whether roof in good condition

Whether door in good condition

General condition regarding Flies, Mosquitoes,Smell

a. Presence of Fliesb. Presence of Mosquitoesc. Bad odour

Use by children

Complaints regarding fuctioning

Whether aware of the technique of changing channel

Occurence of diarrheal diseases in the family

Havina separate container for storino water

:POSITIVE :NO I

:476

:463i

:4664

:469i*

:04

:O

:04

f

:473:03:0t

:403

:407

:365

:0

:476

*:476*

etc:4

:0:0:O

(99.2) I

(97.3) :

(97.9) :

(98.5) :

(99.4) :(0.6)

(84.7) :

(35.5) :

(76.7) .

(100)

(100)

.

f

:206/206 (100)4

:0

:476

=01

:471

(100)

(0.2)

(98.9)

NEGATIVENO X

04

13

10

07

476

476

476

73

69

111

476

476

476

:476

:0

:475

:09

(0.8)

(2.7)

(2.1)

(1.5)

(100)

(100)

(100)

(15.3)

(14.5)

(23.3)

(100)

(100)(100)(100)

(100)

(99.8)

(1.1)

ANNEXURE - 4

SEU STAFF AS RESOURCE PERSONS IN TRAINING PROGRAMMES

TARGET GROUP

Panchayatiraj officialsDistrict Rural Development Agency

Village Extension Officers, ICDS, MahilasamajamPanchavat Presidents, MembersBlock Panchavat Presidents, Grama Panchayat Presidents

TOPIC

People's participation/Water and Sanitation

«

RESOURCEPEP SON

Mr.V.ManilalMr.K.A.AbdullaMs.Thresiamma

MathewMr.C.O.KurianMr. George

VargheseMs.Koehurani

MathewMr.Roy JosephMr.MadhusudananMr.ShalimonMs.SajiniMs.Lissy PaulMs.Mariamma

DavidMs.KrishnaKumariMr.C.K.NageshMs.Anitha DeviMr.B.ManoharanMs.Suma Mathews