SOCIO-ECONOMIC DIFFERENCES IN HEALTH, NUTRITION, AND POPULATION WITHIN ...€¦ · represented by intra-country differences among socio-economic groups. My colleagues and I hope that

SOCIO-ECONOMIC DIFFERENCES IN HEALTH, NUTRITION, AND POPULATION WITHIN

DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

AN OVERVIEW

Davidson R. Gwatkin, Shea Rutstein, Kiersten Johnson, Eldaw Suliman, Adam Wagstaff, and Agbessi Amouzou

Produced by the World Bank in collaboration with the Government of the Netherlands and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Foreword I

Socio-Economic Differences in Health, 1 Nutrition, and Population (HNP) within Developing Countries

Overview Tables 17 A. HNP Status 19 B. HNP Service Use 73 C. HNP-Related Behavior 159 D. Underlying Determinants of HNP Status 207

Annexes 265 A. Indicator Definitions 267 B. Alphabetical Listing of Indicators 281 C. Sources of Additional Information 285 D. About the Authors 287

LIST OF TABLES

Childhood Illness and Mortality Infant Mortality Rate 21 Under-Five Mortality Rate 23 Prevalence of Fever 25 Prevalence of Diarrhea 27 Prevalence of Acute Respiratory Infection 29

Fertility Total Fertility Rate 31 Adolescent Fertility Rate 33

Nutritional Status Children Moderate Stunting 35 Severe Stunting 37 Moderate Underweight 39 Severe Underweight 41 Mild Anemia 43 Moderate Anemia 45 Severe Anemia 47

Women Malnutrition 49 Mild Anemia 51 Moderate Anemia 53 Severe Anemia 55

Female Circumcision Prevalence of Circumcision Girls 57 Women 59

Prevalence of Occlusion Girls 61 Women 63

Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevalence of Genital Discharge Women 65 Men 67

Prevalence of Genital Ulcer Women 69 Men 71

Childhood Immunization BCG Coverage 75 Measles Coverage 77 DPT Coverage 79 Full Basic Coverage 81 No Basic Coverage 83 Hepatitis B Coverage 85 Yellow Fever Coverage 87

Treatment of Childhood Illnesses Treatment of Fever Medical Treatment of Fever 89 Treatment in a Public Facility 91 Treatment in a Private Facility 93

Treatment of Acute Respiratory Infection Medical Treatment of ARI 95 Treatment in a Public Facility 97 Treatment in a Private Facility 99

Treatment of Diarrhea Use of Oral Rehydration Therapy 101 Medical Treatment of Diarrhea 103 Treatment in a Public Facility 105 Treatment in a Private Facility 107

Antenatal and Delivery Care Antenatal Care Visits To a Medically-Trained Person 109 To a Doctor 111 To a Nurse or Trained Midwife 113 Multiple Visits to a Medically-Trained Person 115

Antenatal Care Content Tetanus Toxoid 117 Prophylactic Antimalarial Treatment 119 Iron Supplementation 121

Delivery Attendance By a Medically-Trained Person 123 By a Doctor 125 By a Nurse or Trained Midwife 127 In a Public Facility 129 In a Private Facility 131 At Home 133

Contraceptive Services Contraceptive Prevalence Women 135 Men 137

Source of Contraception - Public Sector Women 139 Men 141

Source of Contraception - Private Sector Women 143 Men 145

Treatment of Adult Illnesses Treatment of Genital Discharge, Ulcer, Sore Women 147 Men 149

Treatment of Genital Discharge, Ulcer, Sore In Public Facilities Women 151 Men 153

Voluntary Counseling and Testing for HIV/AIDS Women 155 Men 157

Hygienic Practices Disposal of Children's Stools Sanitary Disposal 161

Handwashing Wash Hands prior to Preparing Food 163 Handwashing Facilities in Household 165

Bednet Ownership and Use Bednet Ownership Bednet Ownership 167 Treated Bednet Ownership 169

Bednet Use By Children 171 By Pregnant Women 173

Breastfeeding Exclusive Breastfeeding 175 Timely Complementary Feeding 177 Bottle-Feeding 179

Micronutrient Consumption Iodized Salt Availability of Iodized Salt in Household 181

Vitamin A Children 183 Women 185

Tobacco and Alcohol Use Tobacco Women 187 Men 189

Alcohol Women 191 Men 193

Sexual Practices Non-Regular Sexual Partnerships Women 195 Men 197

Condom Usage with Non-Regular Partner Women 199 Men 201

Domestic Violence Ever Experienced Violence 203 Experienced Violence in Past Year 205

Education School Completion Women 209 Men 211

School Participation Girls 213 Boys 215

Exposure to Mass Media Newspaper Readership Women 217 Men 219

Radio Listenership Women 221 Men 223

Television Viewership Women 225 Men 227

Knowledge and Attitudes about HIV/AIDS Knowledge about Sexual Transmission of HIV/AIDS Women 229 Men 231

Knowledge about Mother-to-Child Transmission Of HIV/AIDS Women 233 Men 235

Attitudes toward HIV/AIDS Women 237 Men 239

Status of Women Household Decisionmaking Can Seek Own Health Care 241 Can Seek Children's Health Care 243 Can Make Daily Household Purchases 245 Can Make Large Household Purchases 247 Can Make Meal-Related Decisions 249

Freedom of Movement Can Travel to Visit Family, Relatives 251

Other Decisionmaking, Attitudes Can Decide How to Spend Own Money 253 Can Decide Whether to Have Sex 255 Justifies Domestic Violence 257

Orphanhood Paternal Orphan Prevalence 259 Maternal Orphan Prevalence 261 Double Orphan Prevalence 263

I

FOREWORD

The World Bank shares the desire of its member states and client countries to ensure that the poor partake fully in the health gains that the countries achieve. To assist in this, the Bank, in collaboration with the Dutch and Swedish Governments, has sponsored this report in order to promote basic information about health inequalities within countries.

The information shows clearly that disparities in both health conditions and health service use are unacceptably large. As countries and the Bank work to reduce important inequalities among regions and countries, there is a clear need for equally vigorous efforts to lessen the inequity represented by intra-country differences among socio-economic groups.

My colleagues and I hope that all concerned with equity in health will find this information useful in making the case for effective actions to improve the health of the poor, and in designing programs to achieve this crucial objective.

Joy Phumaphi Vice President

Human Development Network The World Bank

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SOCIO-ECONOMIC DIFFERENCES IN HEALTH, NUTRITION, AND POPULATION WITHIN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

I. INTRODUCTION

The contents of this volume summarize the large body of data produced by a project dealing with socio-economic inequalities in health, nutrition, and population (hnp) within fifty-six developing countries. The data are intended to serve as a source of basic information for use in preparing analyses and developing initiatives to benefit poor people.

At the volume’s core are the overview tables in the following section. Each overview table provides figures dealing with inequalities across economically-defined quintiles of the population for a single hnp indicator for all of the fifty-six countries covered. The 120 indicators presented are in four categories: health status (such as infant and child mortality, child nutritional level, and fertility); use of basic health services (immunization, treatment of common childhood illnesses, antenatal care, and assisted delivery); health-related behaviors (e.g., smoking and alcohol use and sexual practices); and other health-status determinants (like education).

By pulling together data on a single indicator in all countries, the overview tables are intended to facilitate cross-country comparisons for particular indicators. They complement the tables featured in a companion set of reports that present this (and much more) information for all indicators in a single country.

The purpose of this opening chapter is to explain how data appearing in the overview tables and in the individual country reports came into being, and how they can be used to help shape policies and programs. To this end, it deals with four topics. The first is the rationale for the tables’ focus on the economic dimension of health inequalities. The second is the source of the data and the methods used to produce the tables. Third comes illustrations of how the information presented in the tables can be used to facilitate health policy and program development. The fourth shows how the techniques used in producing the information can be used to monitor how well or poorly programs or policies have reached the poor.

II. EXAMINING ECONOMIC INEQUALITIES IN HEALTH

Why Focus on Economic Inequalities? By including tables on female -male and rural-urban inequalities in its country reports, the project covered by this volume pays adequate attention to two of health inequity’s many important non-economic dimensions to justify the use “socio-economic” rather than just “economic” in the title. However, the focus is on health inequity’s economic dimension.

The justification for this focus lies not in the greater importance of health inequality’s economic dimension than of its many other, equally important manifestations. Rather, it results from two other factors. The first is the earlier neglect of the economic dimension, relative to such further important aspects as gender, because of measurement difficulties. The second is the recent discovery that these difficulties can be overcome by using wealth or assets to measure economic

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status. This has made it possible to begin redressing that earlier relative neglect, which is the purpose of this volume and the country reports that underlie it.

The Earlier Reliance on Proxies, and on Consumption/Expenditures Previously, assessment of economic inequalities in health had been hindered by the well-known difficulty of measuring income, traditionally the preferred indicator of economic status. While the gender and perhaps the race of an individual are usually rather obvious, her or his income can be much more difficult to assess. Further, (s)he may often be more reluctant to reveal his or her income than, say, his/her religion or occupation.

The resulting problem usually had been addressed by using a proxy for income, such as occupation or educational level. However, such proxies have all had widely-recognized limitations. For example, neither occupation nor educational level is purely economic. In many, perhaps all, societies, occupation conveys a degree of social status in and of itself; and to the extent that it does, ordering of occupations reflects more the society’s outlook and prejudices than it does empirically-verifiable economic status. The educated person is often respected for her or his erudition, regardless of whether that erudition is accompanied by higher income.

Beyond this is a technical difficulty that limits the value of findings expressed in terms of such proxies. The problem is that such proxies often divide the population into groups of very different size, which can complicate interpretation. This is especially the case in comparing countries where the distributions of people across the categories available can differ widely, or in comparing the status of a given population group at different points in time within the same country. For example, the percentage of adults without any education almost inevitably declines as a country develops, and the proportion who has secondary and tertiary education rises. As a result, an inter-temporal comparison showing, say, no change in the health status of uneducated or well-educated people would be incomplete because of its failure to show the potentially-significant improvement represented by the decline of the former group and the rise of the latter as a percentage of the population.

To some degree, such difficulties have been overcome by turning to consumption or expenditures rather than income as indicators of economic status. These successfully avoid the main problems of proxy indicators just noted. Since people are usually less reluctant to talk about consumption/expenditures than about income, they also largely circumvent the sensitivity problems associated with the collection of income data.

But consumption and expenditure measures have problems of their own. The principal one is the large amount of time, effort, and expense to gather acceptably reliable data. The issue is that people often fail to keep track of their consumption or expenditures; and, in low-income countries, many of these entail difficult-to-value, in-kind transactions not involving cash. Experience gained over the past two or three decades has led to the development of observational techniques and survey questions capable of dealing with this issue. But they usually require a great deal of time to administer, and are thus expensive. For example, the core module of the World Bank’s Living Standards Measurement Surveys (LSMS), a leading global consumption/expenditure program, typically takes over an hour to complete. A module of such length cannot practically be added to a survey dealing with some other issue like health, whose core questionnaires already approach the maximum feasible length.

The Shift to Wealth and Assets The resulting impasse was broken in the late 1990s, with the finding that information about readily-observable household characteristics like type of roof and floor and possessions such as bicycles and radios could substitute reasonably well for consumption data. Experimentation with household survey data sets containing information about both consumption/expenditures and household characteristics and possessions found that an index constructed from the different

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housing characteristics and possessions generally produced about the same results as the consumption or expenditure measures.1 It thus became possible to think of using such an index of household characteristics, now commonly known as a wealth or asset index, as an acceptably reliable proxy for consumption and thus for economic status more generally.2

This finding has permitted assessment of health status, service use, and related factors by economic level using the voluminous data collected over the years through a wide range of health surveys that also contain information about household characteristics but not about consumption or expenditures. In addition, it made possible the measurement of economic disparities through future household surveys on health. Previously, the hour or more needed to collect acceptably reliable consumption or expenditure information, when added to the time needed to gather information on health topics of primary interest, pushed the total survey instrument length far over the upper limit of practicality. But the typical asset questions can be asked and answered in less than five minutes, which can be added much more easily. Further, many of the items covered in the asset questionnaire, such as houses’ construction material and household members’ physical possessions, can be independently verified through investigators’ independent observation, thereby increasing reliability.

The overall outcome has been a sharp increase in the potential for examining economic disparities in health, both through reanalysis of data collected by previous health surveys and through the improved design of future surveys. Thus far, a significant beginning has been made toward realizing this potential,3 but much more still remains to be done.

III. PRODUCING THE DATA PRESENTED IN THIS VOLUME4

The Data and Methods Used The tables in this volume have been derived through the former of the two approaches just noted: that is, through a reanalysis of data collected in previous health surveys. Specifically, the tables result from applying the asset or wealth approach for measuring economic status to household data collected by the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) program.

1 See, for example, Deon Filmer and Lant H. Pritchett, “Estimating Wealth Effects without Expenditure – or Tears: An Application to Educational Enrollments in States of India,” Demography 38 (February 2001): 115-32; Shea Rutstein and Kiersten Johnson, The DHS Wealth Index, DHS Comparative Reports No. 6 (Calverton, Maryland, USA: ORC Macro, August 2004): esp. 10-14; Adam Wagstaff and Naoko Watanabe, “What Difference Does the Choice of SES Make in Health Inequality Measurement?” Health Economics 12 (2003): 885-90. 2 Also accompanying this finding was the realization that wealth in itself might be considered as valid a measure of economic status as income or consumption/expenditures. This has some practical advantages, since wealth measured in terms of items like those typically included in a wealth or asset index tends to be much more stable over time than income and possibly expenditures as well. But it also raises awkward questions of which items should be included in an index of wealth per se. These would not necessarily be those appearing in the data sets thus far collected through the DHS or other health surveys, since those items were included primarily for other reasons and found to be related to consumption only after the fact. But just what they should be remains far from clear, in part because the determination depends heavily on the conceptual issue of what one means by wealth. For example, is wealth to be simply an economic definition, or a broader one that includes such things as a circle of loving family and friends and other factors that contribute to a satisfying life? In the absence of agreement on questions like this one, a wealth or asset index is more safely viewed as a proxy for income, consumption, or expenditures than as a measure of wealth in itself. 3 See, for example, the references in annex C to sources of additional information on economic inequalities in health available for DHS surveys, UNICEF MICS surveys, and the WHO World Health Survey. 4 The material presented in this section summarizes the contents of the chapters in the country reports that outline the data and methods used and that discuss the many nuances involved in using them. Readers wishing fuller detail are invited to consult those chapters, which can be found immediately following the basic tables in any country report. (The individual country reports are available at: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth/countrydata.)

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The DHS program, undertaken by Macro International with support from the U.S. Agency for International Development and other organizations, has conducted surveys in approximately seventy-five countries across Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, and the former Soviet Union. The surveys have typically covered between five- and twenty-thousand households. In many countries, there have been several surveys at different points in time.

A similar questionnaire has been used in all the surveys. Its focus has been on fertility and on maternal and child health. It does not normally collect information about income or about consumption/expenditures. However, it does include at least 25-30 (and often many more) questions about household characteristics and possessions: materials used for house floors, walls, and roofs; source of water like a stream, open well, or piped system; and presence of durable possessions like a fan, radio, radio receiver, watch, bicycle, or automobile; and other attributes related to economic status.

Responses to questions like these served as the basis for constructing a single, consolidated index of living standards, using principal components analysis (PCA) to generate a weight for each item covered by the questions. A wealth index score was calculated for each household by weighting the response with respect to each item pertaining to that household by the coefficient of the first principal component, and summing the outcomes. The resulting household scores were standardized in relation to a standard normal distribution with a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one.

All individuals usually present in each household were assigned the household’s standardized wealth index score, and all individuals in the sample population were ranked according to that score. The sample population was then divided into quintiles of individuals, with all individuals in a single household being assigned to the same quintile.

Nuances Affecting the Interpretation of Findings As is inevitably the case with rather complex computational procedures, those just described involve a number of difficult decisions introducing nuances that need to be appreciated in interpreting the figures presented. Among the more noteworthy are the selection of items to include in the wealth index, and the presentation of findings in terms of quintiles.

The approach taken to selecting items for inclusion in the wealth index was pragmatic rather than conceptual. It involved including all items in each DHS household questionnaire that related to household goods, dwelling construction, and access to services and resources like electricity, water, and sanitation. The principal advantage of including so many indicators is that use of a large number of assets increases the degree of variation across household wealth scores and facilitates a more regular distribution of individuals across quintiles. It also reduces the possibility of subjectivity in selecting only some of the variables a priori; and it may increase the wealth index’s accuracy as a proxy for consumption. However, such a rather opportunistic approach is far from satisfying conceptually. For instance, it involves the use of information collected by the DHS for purposes other than that of wealth measurement; and it includes access to publicly-provided services like electricity, water, and sanitation that some might argue do not belong in an index that purports to measure private household wealth.

The findings have been presented in terms of quintiles in line with a long tradition of economic inequality research where the measure of choice is deciles, with quintiles as an acceptable substitute, when needed to produce statistically significant outcomes in cases where the number of observations is inadequate for expression in deciles. Use of this measure introduces several nuances. One concerns the expression of findings in terms of groups of equal size; the other is the choice of individuals as the basis for these groups.

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Reliance on groups of equal size – whether, deciles, quintiles, or some other number – implicitly incorporates a relative concept of poverty. This differs from an absolute concept, under which the population would be divided into groups of different sizes according to some absolute standard (such as people earning less than one dollar a day, between one and two dollars a day, and more than two dollars a day). The difference has implications for cross-country and inter-temporal comparisons.

When comparing values of an indicator among people in a given quintile across countries, the comparison is between groups of people whose economic status can be quite different. The lowest quintile of a Latin American population, for example, will usually be considerably better off than the lowest quintile of an African country. The same issue arises when comparing the health status of any given quintile within a particular country over time. For instance, when a country is progressing economically, the wealth of households in the population will tend to increase, and the average asset score in most, possibly all, population quintiles will rise. As a result, the living standard enjoyed by individuals in any quintile covered by a recent survey is likely to be higher than that of individuals in the same quintile as measured in a prior survey.

Presentation of findings in terms of groups – specifically, quintiles – of individuals means that the figures presented will differ from those expressed in terms of, say, quintiles of households or quintiles of people “at risk.”5 Because fertility is normally higher in lower economic households than among better-off ones, the number of individuals per household will frequently be larger among the poor than among higher-income groups. In such cases, the number of households will vary systematically across quintiles, with larger numbers in the higher than in the lower quintiles of individuals. Also the proportion of individuals at risk is likely to vary across quintiles of individuals. For instance, where fertility is higher among poor people, a higher-than-average proportion of poor quintiles will consist of newborns at risk for infant mortality, young people subject to malnutrition, and pregnant women for whom antenatal care is relevant.6

A Final Caveat Finally, at the risk of stating the obvious, it is important to be aware that the results presented are no more than descriptive, and cannot legitimately be taken to imply a direct causal relationship between wealth and health for several reasons. One is the possibility that it is not wealth or asset possession per se that determines a person’s health condition. Rather, the determining factors could be other characteristics, such as education or ethnic background, that are simultaneously associated with both asset ownership and health. It is also possible that the health-poverty relationships are driven by particular items included in the index (e.g., water and sanitation). Should this be the case, improvements in the health conditions among the poor might be more effectively brought about by focusing on changing those particular components of the wealth index rather than by a general effort to increase economic status as measured by the index as a whole.

5 i.e., Quintiles of people subject to a particular condition, eligible for a particular service, or capable of behaving in a particular way – quintiles of children born alive for infant and under-five mortality, of example; or quintiles of adult men and women for condom use. 6 To facilitate the work of any investigators wishing to undertake calculations based on people at risk, the number of such people in each quintile of individuals is shown in each country report. (These appear in section III.A in country reports covering only one survey; in sections IV.A and V.A in reports dealing with two surveys; and in sections V.A, VI.A, and VII.A in reports covering three surveys. The reports can be found at www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth/ countrydata.)

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IV. USING THE DATA TO INFORM POLICY AND PROGRAM DESIGN

In their present form, the figures appearing in this volume constitute no more than raw material. Their significance for any particular country, issue, or program will require a much more careful review than is possible here: The purpose of this volume is to enable and inspire readers to undertake such reviews on their own, in order to assess and call attention to the figures’ implications for their particular situations.

It is, however, possible and perhaps useful to provide a few general illustrations to show how the figures can be applied. Thus, what follows will feature three illustrative cases. Two concern the present (or, more accurately, the recent past); the third deals with the future.

The Poor Fare Worse The first illustration is a broad generalization that constitutes the main message of this volume: The poor fare worse than the better-off almost everywhere and with respect to nearly every indicator covered. The degree of inequality varies, sometimes widely, from country to country and from indicator to indicator; but the direction of the trend across economic groups is almost always clear.

Figures one and two illustrate the point by presenting the data of seven typical indicators, three of hnp status, and four of hnp determinants (two of health service use, two of indirect determinants). For each indicator, the figures presented are the unweighted averages for as many of the fifty-six countries covered as had data available.7 For ease of comparison and understanding, the findings have all been expressed in relative terms, with the level prevailing in the poorest quintile set at 1.0 and the rates in the other quintiles stated as a fraction or multiple of that.

Figure 1. Economic Inequalities with Respect to Selected Indicators of HNP Status

7 Fifty-six countries for infant and child mortality, fertility, and antenatal care; fifty-five countries for immunization, radio listenership, and school participation; and, fifty countries for malnutrition.

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

Poorest 20% Middle 20% Best-Off20%

Infant and ChildMortality

Malnutrition

Fertility

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Figure 2. Economic Inequalities with Respect to Selected Indicators of HNP Status Determinants

1.01.11.21.31.41.51.61.71.81.92.0

Poorest 20% Middle 20% Best-Off 20%

Antenatal Care

Immunization

SchoolParticipation Radio Listernship

Two related conclusions emerge:

• The health of the poor is notably worse than that of the better-off. All three indicators of poor hnp status (under-five mortality, malnutrition, and fertility8) in figure one decline steadily across economic quintiles. On average, they are roughly half as high in the best-off 20 percent of the population as in the poorest 20 percent, indicating that the poor suffer around twice as much as the best-off in each case. This basic pattern of lower hnp status among the poor than among the better-off is found in all countries for malnutrition and fertility, and all but one country for under-five mortality.

• The poor use health services less, have less adequate health-related behaviors, and are disadvantaged with respect to other determinants of health status. All four determinants of hnp status covered in figure two (antenatal care, immunization, school participation, and radio listenership9) rise steadily across the economic quintiles. The levels range from around one and a half to nearly two times as high among the best-off 20 percent of the population as in the poorest 20 percent. (An important exception: breastfeeding, where rates among the poorest 20 percent are usually at least as high as among the highest 20 percent, and often higher.10)

8 Figures for infant and child mortality refer to the under-five mortality rate; for malnutrition, they are based on data for moderate plus severe stunting; the total fertility rate is the indicator of fertility employed. (See annex A for fuller definitions.) 9 Antenatal care figures are based on data for one or more visits to any trained medical person (other than trained traditional midwives); immunization figures refer to full basic coverage; radio listenership figures are averages for males and females; school participation refers to primary school attendance by boys and girls of the appropriate age. (Fuller definitions appear in annex A.) 10 For instance, exclusive breastfeeding of infants up to three months of age is substantially higher among lower economic groups than among higher ones in all regions except Sub-Saharan Africa, where the rates are approximately equal across economic classes. (In contrast, bottle-feeding of infants is notably higher among economic groups in almost all countries, including those of Sub-Saharan Africa.)

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At one level, these findings are hardly surprising. To many readers of this volume, it will seem obvious that conditions are worse among the poor than among the better-off. But those readers will almost surely constitute an unrepresentative sample of the global health policy community, a sample self-selected on the basis on their greater-than-average concern for health inequalities and health equity. It is to be hoped that the findings and data provided will prove useful to them as hitherto-unavailable basic information that can be used to raise awareness of health inequalities, especially among opinion leaders and policymakers in a position to alleviate them.

The Poor Gain Less from Primary Care Than Do the Better-Off The second illustration concerns the coverage of basic health services among the poor and better-off. Such basic services as immunization, antenatal care, and treatment of simple illnesses by community health workers have long been at the core of the primary health care approach, espoused since the late 1970s and early 1980s by WHO’s high-profile “health for all” movement and UNICEF’s equally prominent “child survival revolution.” Both these initiatives were strongly committed to reaching disadvantaged population groups, and relied centrally on primary care in large part because of the potential it was thought to have for overcoming the limitations that higher-level care programs suffered in this regard.

The data presented in this volume, collected mostly some 20-25 years after the launch of the two initiatives, provide a sense of how well primary care has lived up to the expectations of its sponsors. A summary of the record, in the form of data for coverage among the poorest and best-off 20 percent of the population, appears in figure three.

Figure 3. Coverage Rates among the Poorest and Best-Off 20 Percent of the Population In Low- and Middle-Income Countries

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Antenatal Care Oral RehydrationThereapy

Immunization Med. Treatment ofAc. Res. Inf.

Att. Delivery Med. Treatment ofFever

Contraceptive Use

Poorest 20% ofPopulation

Best-Off 20% ofPopulation

The data are provided for the seven representative basic maternal and health services for which information is available: antenatal care; use of oral rehydration therapy; immunization; medical treatment for childhood acute respiratory infection and fever; contraceptive use; and attended deliveries.11

11 Antenatal care figures are based on data for one or more visits to any trained medical person (other than trained traditional midwives); figures for oral rehydration therapy immunization include all liquids; immunization figures refer to full basic coverage; figures for medical treatment of fever and acute respiratory infection include visits to any type of

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The overall picture is sobering. For each of these basic services, coverage among the poor is notably lower than that among the better-off. The range is between oral rehydration, where the differences are relatively modest (on the order of just under 15 percentage points or around 25 percent), and attended deliveries, for which the disparities are far larger (by almost 50 percentage points, so that the rate among the best-off is well over twice that among the poorest). More careful assessment, based in statistical indices that include all five population quintiles, rather than simply the bottom and top ones, confirms this overall picture.12

There is, to be sure, considerable variation among countries with regard to any particular service; and in some ways, this variation can be as interesting as is the overall picture. For instance, with regard to each service there is at least one country with (slightly) higher coverage among the poorest 20 percent than among the best-off 20 percent; and for one service – oral rehydration – six of the fifty-six countries recorded higher use among the poor. Antenatal care is noteworthy for the relatively high overall level of coverage achieved among the poorest (62 percent), which is attributable in part to the far higher coverage among the poorest achieved in Sub-Saharan Africa (64 percent) than in some of the other regions, such as South Asia (27 percent). For most services, economic disparities across economic groups are smaller in the countries of the former Soviet Union than elsewhere. This is particularly true with respect to attended deliveries.

Oral rehydration therapy is also of interest because of the high level of coverage achieved among the poorest 20 percent of the countries’ population: over 55 percent on average. In almost all major parts of the developing world, around one-half of all cases of diarrhea among children in the poorest 20 percent of the population is being treated with some kind of oral liquid regime. Given the difficulty of reaching such poor groups, this is a noteworthy achievement for a technology that had existed for only around 20-25 years at the time the data were collected. Yet even in this case of a technology developed with the needs of the poor particularly in mind, the uptake has been greater among the upper classes. And while the poor have been served, half have not; and given the slow rate of recent increase in overall rehydration coverage,13 there is little indication that they will be in the foreseeable future.

All in all, the basic services portrayed in figure three appear to have reached the poor at least somewhat better than the higher-level services that they were intended to replace. For example, in the seven countries cited in a recent World Bank study,14 an average of about 12 percent of benefits from primary care went to the poorest 20 percent of the population, compared with around 29 percent going to the best-off 20 percent, a ratio of 0.41. In comparison, the low-high ratio for hospital expenditures in those countries was on the order of 0.24 (with just under 10 percent of benefits accruing to the poorest 20 percent of the population, compared with about 41 percent going to the best-off 20 percent). An earlier study from Africa produced similar results.15

medical facility or provider; attended delivery data are based on services provided by any trained medical person (excluding trained traditional midwives); contraceptive use refers to use of modern contraceptive methods by women. (Fuller definitions are available in annex A.) Data are available from fifty-six countries for antenatal care, oral rehydration therapy, attended delivery, and contraceptive use; fifty-five countries for immunization; and fifty-three countries for the medical treatment of fever and acute respiratory infection. 12 For instance, the value of the concentration index is positive for almost all services and countries, indicating an inequality in favor of the better-off. 13 Birger Carl Forsberg et al., “Diarrhea Case Management in Low- and Middle-Income Countries – An Unfinished Agenda,” Bulletin of the World Health Organization 85 (January 2007): 42-49. 14 Deon Filmer, “Who Benefits from Public Spending: Patterns from Static Expenditure Analysis,” Paper presented to the Global Conference on Reaching the Poor, Washington, D.C., February 2004. 15 Florencia Castro-Leal, Julia Dayton, Lionel Demery, and Kalpana Mehra, “Public Spending on Health Care in Africa: Do the Poor Benefit?,” Bulletin of the World Health Organization 87 (January 2000): 66-74.

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However, the low coverage rates among the poorest 20 percent for most services covered in figure three, and the notably smaller benefit accruing to this poor group relative to the better-off, make it clear that any gains among the poor have been much less than anticipated. Country governments and donor agencies alike will have do far better if they are serious about their stated goal of overcoming health inequalities.

The Poor Will Not Necessarily Share Fully in Future Health Improvements The two examples provided thus far illustrate how the data in this volume can be used in their present form to assess health policies and programs. This third illustration shows how the data can serve as the basis for further calculations to help judge and design additional health initiatives.

The illustration concerns the degree of benefit that the poor might derive from efforts to accelerate the pace of health improvement over the years ahead. The focus is on the case of the Millennium Development Goals’ (MDGs) principal child health objective, which calls for a two-thirds reduction in the under-five mortality rate by 2015.

That objective is stated in terms of an average of all economic groups. This leaves open the possibility that groups might move at different paces toward it; and that, upon the goal’s attainment, the degree of improvement experienced by the different groups might vary greatly. Calculations based on the data presented here can show just how large this variation might be, and the resulting implications for the poor of adopting different MDG attainment strategies.

The starting point is the mid-1990s distribution of under-five mortality for all fifty-six countries covered, as shown in the set of bars on the left side of figure four. As can be seen there, the under-five mortality rate among the poorest 20 percent was 135.4 per 1000 live births. From there, it descended regularly across economic groups, reaching a level of around 73.5, roughly half as high, among the best-off 20 percent. The average was 115.2.

Figure 4. Under-Five Mortality Rates among Different Quintiles of the Population In 56 Low- and Middle-Income Countries

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Mid-1990s Upon MDG Attainment

Poorest 20%

Second 20%

Middle 20%

Fourth 20%

Best-Off 20%

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Meeting the MDGs’ child health objective would require a decline in that average by two-thirds, to 38.4. Were all groups to benefit equally in progress toward this goal, the under-five rate in each economic quintile would record the same two-thirds reduction as the overall average. The result of such a scenario is shown through the set of bars on the right side of figure four. From those bars, it can be seen that the under-five mortality rate among the poorest 20 percent of the population would end up at 45.1.

However, this is not preordained, for many other distributional outcomes are possible, with differing implications for the poor. Figure five presents outcomes for the poorest 20 percent of the population according to five different scenarios. All the scenarios are consistent with achieving the MDG target of a two-thirds reduction in the under-five mortality rate in the population as a whole, and attainment of an overall population rate of 38.4. The scenarios are:

• Equal (percentage) decline in all groups, referred to above.

• Faster decline among the better-off. This assumes that under-five mortality falls by 90 percent among the best-off quintile, 85 percent among the next quintile, 80 percent among the middle quintile, and 75 percent among the next-poorest quintile. The under-five mortality in the poorest quintile is then calculated as the residual – that is, the level that would produce an overall population average the same as the 38.4 attained in the population as a whole upon achievement of the MDG.

• Faster decline among the poor. This is the mirror image of the scenario just presented: Under it, under-five mortality would decline by 90 percent among the poorest 20 percent of the population, by 85 percent for the next-poorest 20 percent of the population, and so on. The rate among the best-off 20 percent is the residual.

• Much faster decline among the better-off. Here, the assumption is that under-five mortality among the top quintile would fall to the lowest possible attainable level, set at 7 per 1000 live births, the same as achieved in the most advanced countries. After that, the second-highest quintile would decline to that same level, then the middle quintile, and so on. Only after the other quintiles had fallen as far as possible is the level among the poorest quintiles calculated, as the residual consistent with a population average rate of 38.4.

• Much faster decline among the poor. This is the opposite of the preceding scenario: The under-five mortality rate among the poorest, rather than among the best-off, would decline first, by the maximum possible amount to 7 per 1000 live births. Then the next-poorest quintile would experience the largest possible decline, followed by the middle quintile. The rates among the highest quintiles are then established at the levels consistent with the 38.4 population average rate.

The range of possible outcomes for the poorest 20 percent of the population produced by these scenarios, as displayed in figure five is clearly very broad. Although the average under-five mortality level (38.4) is the same according to all five scenarios shown, the height of the bars representing conditions among the poorest 20 percent declines sharply from left to right, from the scenario that is least favorable to them to the one that is most favorable. The least favorable scenario produces an outcome (135.4). This is the same as the baseline level among the poorest 20 percent, pointing to the possibility of achieving the child mortality MDG without any improvement at all among members of this group. It is also over 100 points and nearly twenty times as large as the outcome resulting from the most favorable scenario (7.0).

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Figure 5. Under-Five Mortality Rates among the Poorest Quintile of the Population Upon Attaining the Millenium Development Goal

Of Two-Thirds Overall Reduction Under Alternative Distributional Scenarios

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Much Faster Declineamong Better-Off

Faster Declineamong Better-Off

Equal Decline in AllGroups

Faster Declineamong Poor

Much Faster Declineamong Poor

To be sure, the range of differences in the “real world” may well be less dramatic than that suggested in figure five.16 Yet even if the range of plausible outcomes is only, say, a third to a half of that shown in figure five, it is still very large. Further, there are several reasons for believing that, in the absence of more effective concern about health conditions among disadvantaged groups, an outcome toward the end of the range unfavorable to the poor is considerably more likely than a result favoring them. One is that the focus on goals expressed in terms of societal averages, which gives an incentive to health policymakers and program administrators to concentrate on the better-off, who are usually much easier to reach than the poor. Other reasons include the difficulty thus far experienced in reaching the poor with basic health services, as shown in the two preceding illustrations. The widespread lack of awareness concerning these difficulties provides little basis for optimism that there will soon be vigorous efforts to overcome them. More generally, the difficulties suggest the validity of the “inverse equity hypothesis,” which posits that programs tend to reach primarily upper-income groups until such time as they have gained the maximum feasible benefit, and only then spread to the poor.17

In brief, this illustration demonstrates that the standard practice of stating health goals in terms of population-wide average rates provides little assurance that the poor will share fully in progress toward them. The poor stand to benefit more from progress toward objectives set in distributional terms – say, a specified degree of improvement among the poorest 20 percent of the population, or a specified amount of reduction in the disparity between the lowest and highest population groups.

16 However, the range is not nearly the widest possible one. With the most extreme scenarios presented in table five, the worst that happens to any group is stagnation at its starting level. At least in principle, overall progress could occur with rises in some groups, offset by larger-than-shown declines in others. 17 Cesar G. Victora et al., “Explaining Trends in Inequities: Evidence from Brazilian Child Health Studies,” The Lancet 356 (2000): 1093-98.

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V. USING THE APPROACH AND DATA TO MONITOR PROGRAM PROGRESS

The three illustrations just provided are admittedly rather general. More specific ones can be developed by using the data for individual regions or countries; but there are significant limits to the degree of specificity that can be achieved. In particular, the figures presented here are only rarely capable of addressing an issue frequently of special interest to policymakers and program administrators: the distribution of benefits from the specific programs or projects for which they are responsible.

However, it is possible to build upon the approach used in this volume to examine how well specific activities reach the poor. To be sure, thorough evaluations can require considerable time and effort, as will be discussed further below. But much simpler, less rigorous monitoring techniques exist that can often provide potentially useful information quickly and at low cost. Here are two examples:

Basic Monitoring of Nationwide Facility-Based Programs The economic distribution of patients in a nationwide, facility-based program (say, a network of rural health posts, antenatal care clinics, emergency obstetric facilities, or hospitals) in a given country can be determined through an exit survey, using the asset/wealth questionnaire and quintile cut-off points provided in annex B of each country report.18 The questionnaire can be employed to measure the respondents’ economic status. The set of cut-off points can serve to compare the distribution of the respondents’ economic status with that of the nationally-representative sample of people interviewed by the DHS survey on which the country reports and this overview volume are based.

The first step in such a monitoring exercise is to use the questionnaire in interviewing an adequately-large sample of patients attending the facility-based services of interest. The asset/wealth score for each patient can then be calculated by multiplying the response to each question by the item scores also provided on the questionnaire, and summing the results. After this has been done, the quintile cut-off points can be used to place each individual in the economic quintile to which (s)he belongs. The number of patients and percentage of total patients in each quintile can then be calculated.

Since each quintile defined by the cut-off points contains 20 percent of the individuals in the nationally-representative DHS sample, the patients belonging to any such quintile containing significantly more (or less) than 20 percent of the total are over- (under-) represented relative to the national population. When the percentage of patients in each of the five quintiles is viewed as a whole, the result is a frequency distribution that indicates the spread of service beneficiaries across economic classes of individuals.19 For example:

• A service that favors the poorest people would have substantially more than 20 percent of its patients in each of the lowest economic quintiles; considerably less than 20 percent of its patients in each of the highest quintiles.

• A service that reaches all economic classes equally would draw roughly the same proportion of total patients from the lower and upper quintiles.

• A service that favors the least poor population groups would have well over 20 percent of its patients in each of the highest one or two quintiles, considerably less than 20 percent of its patients in each of the lowest quintiles.

18 As indicated earlier, all country reports may be accessed at: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth/countrydata. 19 That is, across economic classes of all individuals in the sample population. Estimates pertaining to quintiles of only those individuals needing services require adjusting the results of the procedure described here through application of the relevant quintile-specific, sample-size figures appearing in the report on the country concerned.

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Fuller Monitoring of Facility-Based and Other Programs While capable of providing far more information than currently exists about the distribution of a program’s beneficiaries, the approach just described cannot deal with all situations. For example, it is unable to deal with the many important types of health programs that do not deliver services primarily through facilities, such as mass media health education, household visits by health workers, and many social marketing initiatives. It is also limited in its ability to assess programs working only in certain areas within a country: It can compare the economic status of the programs’ beneficiaries with that of the national population, but not with that of the specific sub-national areas where the programs are active. Further, it focuses primarily on only one of the two important dimensions of monitoring the distribution of program beneficiaries: that is, incidence or focus – the percentage of program benefits that flow to the poor. It cannot deal nearly so well with the second dimension, which concerns coverage, or the percentage of the poor that the program reaches.

These limitations can be overcome by a modified version of the approach described above that relies on a household rather than facility-based survey. A household survey can generate a set of data containing the full range of information needed to produce an equity assessment by collecting two types of data: first, about the household’s wealth or assets, using the questions in the left-hand column of the questionnaire shown in annex B of each country report;20 and second, about the household members’ use of or exposure to the services provided by the program(s) of interest. The collected data can be analyzed in either (or both) of two ways, depending on the type of information desired:

• One way would be to use only data from the household survey. The procedure would be analogous to that for a DHS survey employed in this report:

– Asset information from the survey-generated data set would be used as the basis for the construction of an asset/wealth index, weighting the individual items using some method like principal components analysis.

– The individuals in the sample would be ranked in order of the index values for their households, then divided into groups like quintiles.

– The coverage rates in each quintile for the service of interest would be calculated.

• Alternatively, the weights for each item appearing in the questionnaire of a country report in this series can be used to determine the wealth of each individual, instead of calculating the weights from the new household data set. Once the individuals’ wealth is determined, the individuals would be ranked, divided into quintiles, and the coverage rate in each quintile would be calculated. In the case of programs undertaken in only one region of the country, it would provide a comparison of the economic status of the people served with that of the entire country rather than of only the region where the programs are active;21 in the case of nationwide as well as smaller area activities, it would permit a comparison with the other service programs covered in this report.

20 Or, if one is willing to forego the benefits of the second analytical approach described here, using any of several other asset questionnaires that exist. Examples include the INDEPTH health equity survey tool (available at: www.indepth-network.org/core_documents/indepthtools.htm) or the model questionnaire developed by M. Mahood Khan and David Hotchkiss of the PHR Plus project (which can be found at: www.phrplus.org). 21 This additional perspective could be particularly helpful in an assessment of a program seeking to reach the poor by focusing on especially backward districts. A report presenting only a finding that the program was reaching the better-off people in those districts could produce an impression that it had failed to reach its intended beneficiaries. But a comparison between the economic status of the program’s beneficiaries with that of the national population might well reveal that most of the beneficiaries were poor by national standards and that the program was thus considerably more successful than otherwise thought.

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Limitations The methods just described have been carefully referred to as monitoring techniques, rather than as approaches to evaluation. This is because the information provided through the techniques’ application is inadequate to permit a full assessment of a program’s performance. There are two reasons for this.

The first is that the techniques described provide only what has been called a “snapshot” of the program’s record: a look at the program by itself, at one point of time. Far better would be an examination over time, or a comparative view of what happened in areas that the program did not serve as well as those that it did. Better yet would be a review incorporating both the temporal and spatial dimensions, in order to permit a “differences in differences” assessment that would compare the change over time in areas covered by the program with the change in places that it did not reach.22

The second reason is that the techniques in question can tell only how well programs are reaching the poor, not how much the health of the poor has been improved as a result. In other words, they deal only with what the evaluation literature refers to as the incidence of health programs, not with what is termed the programs’ impact.

There are many reasons why simply reaching poor people might not be enough to produce a marked improvement in their condition. One obvious reason concerns service quality: If clinic personnel are poorly trained and lack the necessary drugs and other supplies, for example, then a poor person’s visit to a clinic is unlikely to produce much health benefit. Another reason is lack of adequate knowledge on the part of poor patients: For instance, if the poor are inadequately aware how important it is to complete the full course of, say, antibiotic or anti-tuberculosis therapy, then the therapy is unlikely to do much good and might instead cause harm.

However, while the information produced by the techniques outlined here is less than ideally complete, it is also far easier and less expensive to execute than the more sophisticated approaches required to produce fuller assessments. Thus, this is one of the many cases where the ideal is a clear enemy of the good. If compared not with the ideal but with the present situation marked by almost complete lack of knowledge about how well health programs reach the poor, application of the equity monitoring techniques outlined above would constitute a major advance.

VI. IN CLOSING

In brief, the copious data presented in this volume provide basic background information on economic inequalities in health made possible by recent developments in the measurement of households’ economic status. The authors hope that readers will find them helpful in calling attention to the widespread inequalities documented by the data, in advocating more effective actions to lessen these inequalities, and in shaping health programs and policies that can do so. The authors also hope that readers will be inspired to take advantage of the recently-developed techniques employed here in undertaking further health inequality analyses of their own.

As indicated earlier, a promising beginning in these directions has been made; but it is no more than a beginning. Much more will be needed if the global health community is to move beyond platitudes about improving the health of the poor to effective action that can do so.

22 For more on this see: Adam Wagstaff and Hugh Waters. “How Were the Reaching the Poor Studies Done?” in Reaching the Poor with Health, Nutrition, and Population Services: What Works, What Doesn’t, and Why, ed. Davidson R. Gwatkin, Adam Wagstaff, and Abdo S. Yazbeck (Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, 2005), 27-46.

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OVERVIEW TABLES

Notes:

– Full definitions of all indicators covered in the tables are provided in annex A.

– Figures in the tables shown within parentheses indicate the absence of adequate observations to produce acceptably reliable values. Asterisks appear when the number of observations was too small to justify presentation even of figures within parentheses. (For further information, see the “Methods and Data” section of any country reports.)

– “na” appears in the table cells when data are not available, usually because the DHS concerned did not collect information about the indicator(s) in question.

– “na” is also found on table lines presenting regional or all-country averages when data for the indicator in question is unavailable for half or more countries within the region concerned, or of all countries.

– Where they appear, regional average quintile rates are the unweighted means of all countries within the region concerned that have adequate data, as defined in the preceding note. The all-country averages are the unweighted means for as many of the fifty-six countries covered with sufficient data.

– Regional and all-country average low-high ratios and differences have been calculated on the basis of the average quintile rates appearing in the lines to which they refer. Regional/all-country average concentration index values and standard errors are the unweighted averages for all countries with sufficient data in the region concerned (regional averages) or for as many of the fifty-six countries covered that have adequate data (all-country averages).

– The accuracy of point estimates can be assessed with reference to the standard error figures provided in the individual country reports. Readers are encouraged to

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consult these figures when comparing point estimates, since not all differences are statistically significant.

– Readers finding apparent errors are encouraged to report them to the World Bank’s health advisory service at [email protected], in order to help improve the accuracy of future reports.

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A. HEALTH, NUTRITION, POPULATION STATUS

Childhood Illness and Mortality 21 Infant Mortality Rate Under-Five Mortality Rate Prevalence of Fever Prevalence of Diarrhea Prevalence of Acute Respiratory Infection

Fertility 31 Total Fertility Rate Adolescent Fertility Rate

Nutritional Status 35 Children

Moderate Stunting Severe Stunting Moderate Underweight Severe Underweight Mild Anemia Moderate Anemia Severe Anemia

Women Malnutrition Mild Anemia Moderate Anemia Severe Anemia

Female Circumcision 57 Prevalence of Circumcision

Girls Women

Prevalence of Occlusion Girls Women

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Sexually Transmitted Disease 65 Prevalence of Genital Discharge

Women Men

Prevalence of Genital Ulcer Women Men

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Region/Country Low/High Low-High

Pop. Ratio Diff. Value StandardLow 2nd 3rd 4th High Avg. (Abs. Val.) Error

A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC 62.9 54.6 44.4 40.6 25.2 47.6 2.500 37.751 -0.16589 0.02554Cambodia 2000 109.7 108.2 88.2 88.7 50.3 92.7 2.181 59.400 -0.10515 0.00090Indonesia 1997 78.1 57.3 51.4 39.4 23.3 52.2 3.352 54.800 -0.19544 0.00077Indonesia 2002/03 60.6 50.3 44.0 36.4 17.1 43.0 3.554 43.579 -0.18722 0.07300Philippines 1998 48.8 39.2 33.7 24.9 20.9 36.0 2.335 27.900 -0.15659 0.00085Philippines 2003 42.0 32.2 25.8 22.2 19.5 30.0 2.157 22.523 -0.15380 0.02569Vietnam 1997 42.8 43.2 35.2 27.2 16.9 34.8 2.533 25.900 -0.14272 0.00188Vietnam 2002 39.3 27.7 19.7 15.2 13.8 24.8 2.848 25.500 -0.21740 0.00259

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA 69.2 60.3 52.7 44.2 41.6 54.8 1.664 27.617 -0.10080 0.00197Armenia 2000 52.3 50.0 36.8 49.6 27.3 44.1 1.916 25.000 -0.09061 0.00253Kazakhstan 1995 39.2 43.1 36.6 48.9 35.1 40.7 1.117 4.100 0.00351 0.00280Kazakhstan 1999 67.6 65.3 65.8 27.3 42.3 54.9 1.598 25.300 -0.08479 0.00200Kyrgyzstan 1997 83.3 73.3 67.5 49.6 45.8 66.2 1.819 37.500 -0.11881 0.00172Turkey 1993 99.9 72.7 72.1 54.4 25.4 68.3 3.933 74.500 -0.18849 0.00199Turkey 1998 68.3 54.6 42.1 37.5 29.8 48.4 2.292 38.500 -0.15829 0.00132Turkmenistan 2000 89.3 78.6 68.2 62.4 58.4 71.6 1.529 30.900 na naUzbekistan 1996 54.4 39.8 36.0 39.0 45.9 43.5 1.185 8.500 -0.05153 0.00226

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 62.9 49.0 45.5 36.4 30.8 47.3 2.040 32.072 -0.14720 0.01557Bolivia 1998 106.5 85.0 75.5 38.6 25.5 73.5 4.176 81.000 -0.21073 0.00156Bolivia 2003 87.3 82.0 63.3 50.9 32.3 67.8 2.703 55.018 -0.15046 0.05333Brazil 1996 83.2 46.7 32.9 24.7 28.6 48.1 2.909 54.600 -0.25125 0.00091Colombia 1995 40.8 31.4 27.0 31.5 16.2 30.8 2.519 24.600 -0.12046 0.00153Colombia 2000 32.0 31.6 22.0 11.9 17.6 24.4 1.818 14.400 -0.16024 0.00135Colombia 2005 32.0 23.8 20.9 14.2 14.4 22.1 2.225 17.642 -0.16460 0.03389Dominican Republic 1996 66.7 54.5 52.3 33.5 23.4 48.6 2.850 43.300 -0.16907 0.00162Dominican Republic 2002 50.2 37.1 35.6 24.3 20.0 34.6 2.510 30.184 -0.16337 0.04503Guatemala 1995 56.9 79.7 55.7 46.7 35.0 57.2 1.626 21.900 -0.08179 0.00108Guatemala 1998/99 58.0 50.8 52.1 39.6 39.2 49.1 1.480 18.800 -0.07858 0.00173Haiti 1994/95 93.7 93.6 85.6 81.7 74.3 87.1 1.261 19.400 -0.04306 0.00083Haiti 2000 99.5 70.0 93.4 88.4 97.2 89.4 1.024 2.300 0.00684 0.00088Nicaragua 1997/98 50.7 53.7 45.7 40.2 25.8 45.2 1.965 24.900 -0.09431 0.00100Nicaragua 2001 49.6 40.6 32.2 25.7 16.3 35.3 3.043 33.300 -0.18253 0.00116Paraguay 1990 42.9 36.5 46.1 33.5 15.7 35.9 2.732 27.200 -0.11423 0.00219Peru 1996 78.3 53.6 34.4 36.0 19.5 49.9 4.015 58.800 -0.22243 0.00069Peru 2000 63.5 53.9 32.6 26.5 13.9 43.2 4.568 49.600 -0.22660 0.00102

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA 70.4 62.0 52.4 46.0 34.3 54.3 2.055 36.153 -0.12796 0.01003Egypt 1995 109.7 88.7 64.6 50.6 31.8 72.9 3.450 77.900 -0.21609 0.00084Egypt 2000 75.6 63.9 53.9 43.9 29.6 54.7 2.554 46.000 -0.16266 0.00073Jordan 1997 35.4 28.8 30.1 25.9 23.4 29.0 1.513 12.000 -0.07201 0.00089Morocco 1992 79.7 67.7 62.4 58.5 35.1 63.1 2.271 44.600 -0.11659 0.00122Morocco 2003/04 62.2 53.1 36.8 33.4 24.0 44.0 2.585 38.114 -0.17514 0.03796Yemen 1997 108.5 102.0 88.9 80.9 60.0 89.5 1.808 48.500 -0.10202 0.00053

E. SOUTH ASIA 90.1 85.8 84.3 70.7 54.6 79.1 1.649 35.463 -0.07771 0.00702Bangladesh 1996/97 96.5 98.8 96.7 88.8 56.6 89.6 1.705 39.900 -0.06703 0.00101Bangladesh 1999/2000 92.9 93.6 78.1 62.8 57.9 79.7 1.604 35.000 -0.09663 0.00059Bangladesh 2004 89.7 65.9 75.1 59.1 64.8 72.4 1.385 24.953 -0.06962 0.02592India 1992/93 109.2 106.3 89.7 65.6 44.0 86.3 2.482 65.200 -0.14880 0.05530India 1998/99 96.5 80.7 76.3 55.3 38.1 73.0 2.533 58.400 -0.11780 0.00028Nepal 1996 96.3 107.2 103.6 84.7 63.9 93.0 1.507 32.400 -0.06020 0.00087Nepal 2001 85.5 87.7 76.6 72.8 53.2 77.2 1.607 32.300 -0.07241 0.00076Pakistan 1990/91 88.7 108.7 109.3 95.7 62.5 94.0 1.419 26.200 -0.05100 0.00112

Childhood Illness and MortalityPart I: HNP Status

INFANT MORTALITY RATE

Concentration IndexQuintile Rates (per 1,000 live births)

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Region/Country Low/High Low-HighPop. Ratio Diff. Value Standard

Low 2nd 3rd 4th High Avg. (Abs. Val.) Error

F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 99.4 99.0 95.9 83.6 62.8 89.8 1.584 36.655 -0.07218 0.01010Benin 1996 119.4 111.1 105.8 103.8 63.3 103.5 1.886 56.100 -0.07999 0.00118Benin 2001 111.5 108.2 106.3 78.1 50.0 94.8 2.230 61.500 -0.11209 0.00136Burkina Faso 1992/93 112.5 119.5 120.8 99.7 80.9 107.6 1.390 31.556 -0.05841 0.03273Burkina Faso 1998/99 106.2 118.5 118.0 116.5 76.7 108.6 1.385 29.500 -0.03108 0.00101Burkina Faso 2003 97.1 108.4 81.9 94.1 77.9 92.1 1.246 19.152 -0.04306 0.01952Cameroon 1991 103.9 101.0 78.8 65.1 51.2 80.3 2.029 52.700 -0.14046 0.00109Cameroon 1998 108.4 86.3 72.6 58.7 55.8 79.8 1.943 52.600 -0.14262 0.00081Cameroon 2004 100.5 90.3 82.9 64.2 52.0 81.3 1.934 48.558 -0.11688 0.03581Central African Republic 1994/95 132.3 116.8 99.2 97.6 53.7 101.8 2.464 78.600 -0.13742 0.00138Chad 1996/97 79.8 136.7 120.2 115.0 89.3 109.8 0.894 9.500 -0.00122 0.00127Chad 2004 109.2 122.5 117.4 122.4 100.9 115.2 1.082 8.298 -0.01038 0.02443Comoros 1996 87.2 108.5 83.7 62.6 64.6 83.7 1.350 22.600 -0.07847 0.00176Côte d'Ivoire 1994 117.2 97.3 88.9 78.8 63.3 91.3 1.852 53.900 -0.10757 0.00066Eritrea 1995 74.0 66.2 87.0 85.8 67.5 75.6 1.096 6.500 0.01420 0.00094Ethiopia 2000 92.8 114.9 141.5 118.1 95.1 112.9 0.976 2.300 0.01745 0.00072Gabon 2000 57.0 68.1 66.6 72.7 35.9 61.1 1.588 21.100 -0.03738 0.00198Ghana 1993 77.5 94.6 82.8 64.2 45.8 74.7 1.692 31.700 -0.09289 0.00159Ghana 1998 72.7 58.0 82.1 52.5 26.0 61.2 2.796 46.700 -0.10845 0.00250Ghana 2003 61.5 63.8 73.5 66.0 57.7 64.7 1.065 3.758 0.00286 0.02313Guinea 1999 118.9 127.9 113.5 91.4 70.2 106.6 1.694 48.700 -0.09207 0.00089Kenya 1993 90.0 79.3 52.7 39.1 43.3 62.5 2.081 46.756 -0.17573 0.01842Kenya 1998 95.8 82.9 58.5 61.0 40.2 70.7 2.383 55.600 -0.15329 0.00103Kenya 2003 95.8 75.2 81.9 53.1 62.2 75.5 1.540 33.582 -0.09794 0.02652Madagascar 1997 119.1 118.3 103.2 76.2 57.5 99.3 2.071 61.600 -0.12211 0.00106Malawi 1992 141.2 133.7 154.1 139.2 106.1 136.1 1.331 35.100 -0.03439 0.00092Malawi 2000 131.5 110.7 117.4 109.1 86.4 112.5 1.522 45.100 -0.04368 0.00059Mali 1995/96 151.4 146.9 138.9 129.0 93.2 133.5 1.624 58.200 -0.07526 0.00059Mali 2001 137.2 125.2 140.6 128.7 89.9 126.2 1.526 47.300 -0.04922 0.00059Mauritania 2000/01 60.8 59.4 78.0 72.8 62.3 66.8 0.976 1.500 0.02324 0.00093Mozambique 1997 187.7 136.2 144.3 134.2 94.7 147.4 1.982 93.000 -0.11552 0.00085Mozambique 2003 142.5 147.1 128.2 106.1 71.1 123.6 2.003 71.377 -0.10612 0.05125Namibia 1992 63.6 63.0 48.4 72.2 57.3 61.5 1.110 6.300 -0.00278 0.00105Namibia 2000 35.8 63.2 39.7 37.3 22.7 39.8 1.577 13.100 -0.09742 0.00227Niger 1998 131.1 152.3 157.2 142.0 85.8 135.8 1.528 45.300 -0.05034 0.00110Nigeria 1990 102.2 102.3 93.1 85.8 68.6 91.6 1.490 33.600 -0.07024 0.00058Nigeria 2003 133.0 139.7 110.0 86.8 52.1 109.3 2.554 80.923 -0.14475 0.06225Rwanda 2000 138.7 120.2 123.4 118.9 87.9 117.4 1.578 50.800 -0.06043 0.00068Senegal 1997 84.5 81.6 69.6 58.8 44.9 69.4 1.882 39.600 -0.11254 0.00077South Africa 1998 61.6 51.6 35.8 34.0 17.0 42.2 3.624 44.600 -0.19631 0.00155Tanzania 1996 87.3 118.0 95.6 102.1 64.8 94.1 1.347 22.500 -0.04028 0.00115Tanzania 1999 114.8 107.5 115.4 106.8 91.9 107.8 1.249 22.900 -0.03234 0.00101Tanzania 2004 88.0 97.1 87.8 69.8 64.2 82.5 1.370 23.760 -0.06740 0.02675Togo 1998 84.1 81.7 90.0 73.9 65.8 80.3 1.278 18.300 -0.03547 0.00063Uganda 1995 109.0 79.5 90.4 84.5 63.2 86.1 1.725 45.800 -0.08126 0.00083Uganda 2000/01 105.7 98.3 94.5 81.0 60.2 89.4 1.756 45.500 -0.09190 0.00077Zambia 1996 123.6 131.5 105.1 104.1 69.8 107.7 1.771 53.800 -0.09519 0.00087Zambia 2001 115.2 93.1 113.8 80.8 56.7 93.9 2.032 58.500 -0.10397 0.00112Zimbabwe 1994 52.0 49.5 47.4 64.2 41.6 51.2 1.250 10.400 -0.00672 0.00128Zimbabwe 1999 59.1 63.9 67.1 63.1 44.3 59.7 1.334 14.800 -0.03605 0.00144

G. ALL COUNTRIES 85.0 80.1 75.6 65.1 50.1 72.9 1.697 34.908 -0.09833 0.01115

Part I: HNP Status

Quintile Rates (per 1,000 live births) Concentration Index

Childhood Illness and Mortality

INFANT MORTALITY RATE (Cont.)

- 23 -




B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA 83.3 69.4 64.1 54.7 46.1 65.0 1.808 37.250 -0.10765 0.00190Armenia 2000 60.9 53.5 40.1 49.6 29.6 48.0 2.057 31.300 -0.11207 0.00233Kazakhstan 1995 48.0 46.7 (49.3) 55.2 39.6 47.9 1.212 8.400 -0.00488 0.00255Kazakhstan 1999 81.9 73.1 72.3 35.7 44.8 63.0 1.828 37.100 -0.08639 0.00202Kyrgyzstan 1997 96.4 79.4 77.5 64.0 49.3 75.8 1.955 47.100 -0.11519 0.00180Turkey 1993 124.7 84.0 83.2 61.8 27.1 80.5 4.601 97.600 -0.21033 0.00204Turkey 1998 85.0 67.4 53.3 47.2 32.6 59.7 2.607 52.400 -0.16801 0.00142Turkmenistan 2000 105.5 99.0 85.8 80.0 69.8 88.3 1.511 35.700 na naUzbekistan 1996 70.3 43.8 55.4 51.7 50.4 55.2 1.395 19.900 -0.05659 0.00192

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 86.5 70.8 61.3 46.3 34.8 63.6 2.484 51.667 -0.17225 0.01812Bolivia 1998 146.5 114.9 104.0 47.8 32.0 99.1 4.578 114.500 -0.22183 0.00168Bolivia 2003 119.2 114.8 87.2 70.7 37.1 92.7 3.209 82.062 -0.15810 0.06559Brazil 1996 98.9 56.0 39.2 26.7 33.3 56.7 2.970 65.600 -0.25889 0.00093Colombia 1995 52.1 37.1 30.7 34.9 23.6 37.4 2.208 28.500 -0.13087 0.00119Colombia 2000 39.1 34.7 24.1 14.2 20.2 28.0 1.936 18.900 -0.17102 0.00120Colombia 2005 39.1 27.3 24.0 15.9 15.9 25.7 2.466 23.244 -0.18280 0.03791Dominican Republic 1996 89.9 73.0 60.1 37.3 26.6 61.0 3.380 63.300 -0.20799 0.00163Dominican Republic 2002 65.6 46.3 43.3 30.7 22.2 43.2 2.955 43.400 -0.18334 0.05194Guatemala 1995 89.1 102.9 82.0 60.7 37.9 79.2 2.351 51.200 -0.11873 0.00118Guatemala 1998/99 77.6 71.4 75.9 46.9 39.3 64.6 1.975 38.300 -0.11455 0.00178Haiti 1994/95 163.3 150.1 137.1 130.6 105.6 140.6 1.546 57.700 -0.07090 0.00087Haiti 2000 163.9 143.6 140.6 119.7 108.7 137.7 1.508 55.200 -0.07579 0.00055Nicaragua 1997/98 68.8 66.6 52.5 48.5 29.7 56.0 2.316 39.100 -0.12406 0.00096Nicaragua 2001 64.3 52.2 38.6 32.4 19.2 44.6 3.349 45.100 -0.19608 0.00118Paraguay 1990 57.2 50.0 59.0 39.4 20.1 46.6 2.846 37.100 -0.13337 0.00212Peru 1996 110.0 76.2 48.0 44.1 22.1 68.4 4.977 87.900 -0.24504 0.00080Peru 2000 92.6 75.5 43.9 34.5 17.6 60.4 5.261 75.000 -0.24730 0.00107




UNDER-FIVE MORTALITY RATE

Concentration IndexQuintile Rates (per 1,000 live births)

- 24 -



F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 174.3 175.1 168.0 144.7 103.0 156.4 1.692 71.304 -0.08503 0.01222Benin 1996 208.3 201.7 196.7 178.4 110.1 183.9 1.892 98.200 -0.08143 0.00119Benin 2001 198.2 176.1 181.1 132.2 93.1 162.7 2.129 105.100 -0.11185 0.00115Burkina Faso 1992/93 199.1 226.0 230.3 201.9 156.9 204.5 1.269 42.196 -0.03902 0.03761Burkina Faso 1998/99 239.2 250.1 220.1 232.2 154.5 224.1 1.548 84.700 -0.05736 0.00086Burkina Faso 2003 206.3 213.1 195.7 192.5 144.1 193.2 1.432 62.202 -0.05105 0.03083Cameroon 1991 200.7 171.1 142.2 120.3 81.7 144.0 2.457 119.000 -0.15937 0.00135Cameroon 1998 199.2 161.7 135.7 117.4 86.8 146.3 2.295 112.400 -0.15237 0.00099Cameroon 2004 188.5 161.6 150.0 116.0 88.2 147.7 2.138 100.354 -0.12970 0.04063Central African Republic 1994/95 192.9 182.8 157.5 149.8 98.3 158.6 1.962 94.600 -0.11029 0.00105Chad 1996/97 170.6 227.8 224.5 203.5 172.0 201.1 0.992 1.400 -0.00684 0.00082Chad 2004 176.0 208.2 211.5 225.0 186.5 202.5 0.944 10.537 0.01573 0.02863Comoros 1996 128.9 135.8 112.4 80.9 (86.6) 112.6 1.488 215.500 -0.09547 0.00140Côte d'Ivoire 1994 189.5 167.4 147.9 128.3 96.5 149.9 1.964 93.000 -0.11451 0.00071Eritrea 1995 152.2 152.9 182.5 167.8 103.5 152.5 1.471 48.700 -0.02392 0.00140Ethiopia 2000 159.2 194.9 227.0 206.4 147.1 187.8 1.082 12.100 0.00825 0.00077Gabon 2000 93.1 107.8 97.4 95.5 55.4 91.4 1.681 37.700 -0.06754 0.00160Ghana 1993 156.2 172.9 138.7 104.2 75.0 132.8 2.083 81.200 -0.13287 0.00144Ghana 1998 138.8 112.8 125.1 94.3 52.2 110.4 2.659 86.600 -0.12691 0.00195Ghana 2003 127.5 104.9 110.6 107.9 88.4 109.7 1.442 39.115 -0.05371 0.02482Guinea 1999 229.9 230.1 198.0 161.9 133.0 195.1 1.729 96.900 -0.10282 0.0007Kenya 1993 129.3 120.2 81.2 61.5 61.9 93.2 2.090 67.445 -0.16837 0.0205Kenya 1998 136.2 130.4 92.3 84.9 60.7 105.2 2.244 75.500 -0.14862 0.00096Kenya 2003 148.9 109.5 120.9 77.3 91.1 112.7 1.634 57.773 -0.11008 0.02993Madagascar 1997 195.0 186.1 175.0 129.6 101.4 163.9 1.923 93.600 -0.10946 0.00094Malawi 1992 253.1 248.3 257.9 256.3 172.4 239.7 1.468 80.700 -0.04588 0.00105Malawi 2000 230.8 206.7 218.5 194.8 149.0 202.7 1.549 81.800 -0.05373 0.00049Mali 1995/96 297.9 283.6 251.8 241.1 169.1 252.2 1.762 128.800 -0.09015 0.00059Mali 2001 247.8 264.1 262.0 244.4 148.1 238.2 1.673 99.700 -0.06185 0.00076Mauritania 2000/01 98.1 102.0 130.7 98.0 78.5 102.1 1.250 19.600 -0.02777 0.00115Mozambique 1997 277.5 213.7 215.8 187.0 144.6 218.7 1.919 132.900 -0.11836 0.00072Mozambique 2003 196.2 199.8 203.3 154.6 108.1 178.2 1.816 88.168 -0.08405 0.05323Namibia 1992 110.3 91.5 81.4 98.5 75.5 91.8 1.461 34.800 -0.05332 0.00107Namibia 2000 55.4 95.1 58.9 59.5 31.4 60.2 1.764 24.000 -0.10233 0.00230Niger 1998 281.8 354.9 348.3 314.9 183.7 302.6 1.534 98.100 -0.05371 0.00120Nigeria 1990 239.6 229.7 188.0 159.2 119.8 191.3 2.000 119.800 -0.12757 0.00071Nigeria 2003 257.0 293.1 215.1 178.7 79.3 217.1 3.241 177.686 -0.15670 0.08283Rwanda 2000 246.4 216.9 210.2 207.4 154.1 206.7 1.599 92.300 -0.06591 0.00062Senegal 1997 181.0 179.9 145.3 102.9 69.6 139.4 2.601 111.400 -0.16365 0.00110South Africa 1998 87.4 71.0 48.6 39.8 21.9 56.9 3.991 65.500 -0.22289 0.00150Tanzania 1996 140.1 179.8 148.0 152.8 97.5 144.8 1.437 42.600 -0.05126 0.00108Tanzania 1999 160.0 159.3 192.7 155.0 135.2 161.1 1.183 24.800 -0.02205 0.00104Tanzania 2004 137.3 156.0 146.8 117.4 93.3 132.2 1.471 43.957 -0.06728 0.04049Togo 1998 167.7 157.8 153.6 122.2 97.0 143.8 1.729 70.700 -0.08863 0.00076Uganda 1995 192.2 150.9 163.2 155.0 113.4 156.2 1.695 78.800 -0.07854 0.00076Uganda 2000/01 191.8 173.0 163.5 136.2 106.4 156.5 1.803 85.400 -0.10217 0.00068Zambia 1996 212.3 225.9 191.1 191.1 135.6 192.1 1.566 76.700 -0.07325 0.00075Zambia 2001 191.7 182.5 196.1 163.2 92.4 167.9 2.075 99.300 -0.09365 0.00129Zimbabwe 1994 84.5 84.8 62.4 87.9 56.3 75.9 1.501 28.200 -0.05368 0.00119Zimbabwe 1999 99.5 93.2 102.2 91.0 62.2 90.3 1.600 37.300 -0.06500 0.00138

G. ALL COUNTRIES 135.4 129.0 120.2 102.5 73.5 115.2 1.842 61.898 -0.11566 0.01303

Part I: HNP Status

Quintile Rates (per 1,000 live births) Concentration Index


UNDER-FIVE MORTALITY RATE (Cont.)

- 25 -



A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC 29.3 29.1 27.9 29.3 23.2 27.9 1.263 6.101 -0.03885 0.01361Cambodia 2000 33.9 35.2 33.7 39.0 36.3 35.4 0.934 2.400 0.00724 0.00900Indonesia 1997 26.6 25.5 25.0 28.1 23.4 25.8 1.137 3.200 0.00214 0.00733Indonesia 2002/03 24.6 30.4 26.4 27.6 20.5 25.9 1.200 4.103 -0.03402 0.00749Philippines 1998 26.4 28.4 27.6 24.9 19.4 25.9 1.361 7.000 -0.01821 0.01112Philippines 2003 28.0 25.6 22.8 21.4 17.8 23.8 1.575 10.199 -0.07839 0.01283Vietnam 1997 20.7 19.9 26.6 23.4 15.1 21.1 1.371 5.600 -0.00786 0.02604Vietnam 2002 30.9 25.3 28.9 29.0 18.4 26.6 1.679 12.500 -0.05021 0.02511

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA 10.7 9.3 11.1 12.5 10.3 10.8 1.043 0.440 0.05018 0.04352Armenia 2000 15.8 14.9 15.5 22.9 14.0 16.5 1.129 1.800 0.03428 0.03238Kazakhstan 1995 9.1 12.0 5.8 16.4 16.8 11.4 0.542 7.700 0.13771 0.05600Kazakhstan 1999 14.5 8.7 13.3 14.1 9.5 12.3 1.526 5.000 0.00253 0.04167Kyrgyzstan 1997 14.8 11.8 13.7 12.5 11.5 13.1 1.287 3.300 0.01775 0.04057Turkey 1993 37.9 29.2 27.7 26.4 26.0 29.9 1.458 11.900 -0.06449 0.01581Turkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 2.3 3.3 4.6 3.7 6.0 4.0 0.383 3.700 na naUzbekistan 1996 6.2 7.9 8.3 9.5 10.4 8.2 0.596 4.200 0.14617 0.05947

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 32.0 30.7 28.5 25.4 22.1 28.4 1.448 9.899 -0.05455 0.01150Bolivia 1998 33.6 32.8 30.4 30.8 29.3 31.7 1.147 4.300 -0.03346 0.01058Bolivia 2003 30.1 28.2 31.1 30.2 25.6 29.4 1.177 4.529 -0.01665 0.00969Brazil 1996 29.6 26.4 25.2 21.2 21.6 25.6 1.370 8.000 -0.04758 0.01500Colombia 1995 27.6 28.4 28.0 29.1 25.9 27.9 1.066 1.700 -0.00019 0.01352Colombia 2000 23.9 25.8 25.2 26.4 26.8 25.5 0.892 2.900 0.02164 0.01503Colombia 2005 27.1 25.3 22.5 23.4 22.3 24.4 1.216 4.821 -0.05071 0.00916Dominican Republic 1996 29.8 31.4 28.9 30.5 21.5 28.8 1.386 8.300 -0.00846 0.01431Dominican Republic 2002 30.2 27.3 27.0 26.5 19.4 26.5 1.560 10.837 -0.05045 0.00987Guatemala 1995 31.6 29.8 27.0 28.9 20.6 28.4 1.534 11.000 -0.06531 0.01021Guatemala 1998/99 29.6 29.9 27.0 23.6 20.7 26.8 1.430 8.900 -0.04279 0.01519Haiti 1994/95 46.2 43.6 35.6 39.0 29.9 39.8 1.545 16.300 -0.06586 0.01244Haiti 2000 47.8 47.6 39.3 35.9 28.2 40.6 1.695 19.600 -0.07151 0.00920Nicaragua 1997/98 26.1 23.1 24.2 22.4 16.6 23.2 1.572 9.500 -0.07284 0.01196Nicaragua 2001 26.2 28.0 24.8 22.4 21.1 24.9 1.242 5.100 -0.05045 0.01284Paraguay 1990 36.4 35.3 33.8 25.2 22.2 31.2 1.640 14.200 -0.08959 0.01357Peru 1996 34.1 29.4 27.2 23.7 17.6 27.9 1.938 16.500 -0.10467 0.00733Peru 2000 30.9 28.2 25.8 20.4 17.8 25.9 1.736 13.100 -0.07121 0.00894

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA 27.4 28.5 26.0 25.9 22.5 26.2 1.213 4.810 -0.03200 0.01144Egypt 1995 38.8 38.9 41.8 39.8 42.0 40.2 0.924 3.200 0.01373 0.00685Egypt 2000 19.0 18.7 18.4 18.7 13.3 17.7 1.429 5.700 -0.06003 0.01211Jordan 1997 20.8 22.4 18.2 19.4 19.5 20.2 1.067 1.300 -0.02820 0.01440Morocco 1992 28.6 25.4 27.2 27.9 25.1 26.9 1.139 3.500 -0.01670 0.01403Morocco 2003/04 24.3 27.8 30.0 28.8 24.5 27.1 0.994 0.158 0.02676 0.01226Yemen 1997 45.3 45.1 37.5 36.6 32.9 39.7 1.377 12.400 -0.06653 0.00701



PREVALENCE OF FEVER

Concentration IndexQuintile Rates

- 26 -



F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 35.0 35.8 35.6 34.5 30.3 34.4 1.154 4.682 -0.02281 0.01201Benin 1996 55.4 59.0 56.6 51.6 43.5 54.0 1.274 11.900 -0.04131 0.01039Benin 2001 45.4 43.7 44.3 39.5 29.6 41.2 1.534 15.800 -0.06370 0.01002Burkina Faso 1992/93 33.3 35.3 36.2 36.6 31.9 34.8 1.044 1.389 -0.02305 0.01044Burkina Faso 1998/99 35.0 38.1 36.5 35.4 33.6 35.8 1.042 1.400 -0.01795 0.01037Burkina Faso 2003 37.3 36.5 39.6 37.7 30.1 36.7 1.237 7.155 -0.00659 0.00785Cameroon 1991 17.2 24.6 19.2 25.4 24.9 22.6 0.691 7.700 0.05319 0.01881Cameroon 1998 25.0 35.5 33.0 33.4 25.1 30.1 0.996 0.100 -0.00154 0.01834Cameroon 2004 19.1 24.6 24.9 27.1 24.9 23.8 0.766 5.822 0.05667 0.01250Central African Republic 1994/95 31.7 36.1 32.3 37.6 36.1 34.8 0.878 4.400 0.02003 0.01530Chad 1996/97 29.5 32.1 30.7 35.3 32.9 32.1 0.897 3.400 0.02193 0.01031Chad 2004 26.5 38.8 32.8 37.7 34.0 34.3 0.778 7.543 -0.00082 0.01034Comoros 1996 44.2 48.7 49.0 48.4 48.7 47.6 0.908 4.500 0.01240 0.01956Côte d'Ivoire 1994 45.9 45.9 43.9 43.4 35.9 43.5 1.279 10.000 -0.04186 0.01104Eritrea 1995 47.6 45.4 39.0 38.7 31.5 41.5 1.511 16.100 -0.07948 0.01424Ethiopia 2000 26.4 28.5 31.1 28.7 26.9 28.4 0.981 0.500 -0.00581 0.00930Gabon 2000 28.0 27.1 33.1 28.6 28.2 29.1 0.993 0.200 0.00480 0.01473Ghana 1993 29.6 30.6 33.8 22.1 19.9 27.5 1.487 9.700 -0.07332 0.02015Ghana 1998 31.1 26.0 26.4 21.8 27.0 26.8 1.152 4.100 -0.04398 0.01739Ghana 2003 21.5 19.0 22.1 23.3 20.9 21.3 1.030 0.626 0.00710 0.01838Guinea 1999 44.4 40.6 40.9 41.2 42.1 41.9 1.055 2.300 -0.01036 0.00991Kenya 1993 44.2 44.7 40.1 39.2 39.4 41.7 1.123 4.827 -0.03242 0.00947Kenya 1998 45.5 43.3 42.7 40.7 38.0 42.3 1.197 7.500 -0.03067 0.01210Kenya 2003 37.6 43.7 42.1 41.1 39.4 40.7 0.955 1.759 0.01464 0.00945Madagascar 1997 33.1 32.0 34.8 29.7 30.0 32.2 1.103 3.100 -0.03254 0.01425Malawi 1992 40.0 38.9 43.5 38.8 38.4 40.0 1.042 1.600 -0.01943 0.01135Malawi 2000 43.5 42.6 44.6 41.7 34.3 41.6 1.268 9.200 -0.04141 0.00668Mali 1995/96 41.9 41.4 40.2 38.8 30.3 38.7 1.383 11.600 -0.04615 0.01037Mali 2001 29.5 26.9 28.1 25.0 24.1 26.8 1.224 5.400 -0.03848 0.00962Mauritania 2000/01 30.6 32.7 33.4 29.8 28.3 31.1 1.081 2.300 -0.02814 0.01326Mozambique 1997 43.8 47.0 46.9 42.0 41.6 44.0 1.053 2.200 -0.00729 0.01065Mozambique 2003 25.2 27.4 28.0 29.1 24.2 26.7 1.044 1.062 -0.00442 0.00997Namibia 1992 39.5 43.2 33.4 25.7 29.0 34.0 1.362 10.500 -0.11082 0.01392Namibia 2000 19.7 17.9 17.7 22.7 18.7 19.4 1.053 1.000 0.00642 0.01966Niger 1998 49.1 50.6 51.1 49.1 40.4 48.3 1.215 8.700 -0.03644 0.00883Nigeria 1990 32.8 35.3 37.6 31.6 24.0 32.3 1.367 8.800 -0.08152 0.00923Nigeria 2003 33.1 35.2 34.2 30.6 21.8 31.2 1.520 11.322 -0.07245 0.01219Rwanda 2000 39.9 33.2 35.1 32.2 25.9 32.7 1.541 14.000 -0.06182 0.00959Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 29.2 28.2 31.7 34.0 28.1 30.3 1.039 1.100 0.00996 0.01155Tanzania 1999 35.4 38.2 31.4 37.1 33.4 35.1 1.060 2.000 -0.04515 0.01373Tanzania 2004 25.8 25.7 23.5 24.2 22.5 24.5 1.146 3.278 -0.02521 0.01221Togo 1998 37.6 40.1 35.8 36.7 35.4 37.3 1.062 2.200 -0.02689 0.01237Uganda 1995 54.3 45.0 46.8 46.1 38.2 46.3 1.421 16.100 -0.06516 0.00860Uganda 2000/01 47.9 48.4 40.5 44.2 36.7 43.9 1.305 11.200 -0.05185 0.00797Zambia 1996 43.4 41.2 40.4 41.6 32.6 40.1 1.331 10.800 -0.04281 0.00933Zambia 2001 48.3 46.9 49.6 38.8 26.4 43.1 1.830 21.900 -0.07714 0.00872Zimbabwe 1994 43.7 39.9 38.9 40.2 34.1 39.7 1.282 9.600 -0.05073 0.01467Zimbabwe 1999 25.8 28.1 30.5 23.8 21.3 25.8 1.211 4.500 -0.03240 0.01620

G. ALL COUNTRIES 31.1 31.2 30.6 29.7 25.9 29.9 1.202 5.221 -0.02477 0.01420

Part I: HNP Status

Quintile Rates Concentration Index


PREVALENCE OF FEVER (Cont.)

- 27 -




B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA 14.7 13.0 13.7 11.1 10.6 12.8 1.379 4.033 0.01156 0.04288Armenia 2000 9.1 6.7 8.8 7.7 7.0 7.8 1.300 2.100 -0.01276 0.05122Kazakhstan 1995 19.2 14.0 13.8 17.9 12.3 15.7 1.561 6.900 -0.02493 0.04430Kazakhstan 1999 14.0 11.4 15.5 13.1 12.5 13.4 1.120 1.500 -0.00261 0.03894Kyrgyzstan 1997 20.6 19.7 17.2 14.5 13.6 17.6 1.515 7.000 -0.03486 0.03650Turkey 1993 31.2 27.1 23.5 19.7 19.4 24.7 1.608 11.800 -0.09761 0.01736Turkey 1998 37.8 33.6 32.0 23.3 16.7 29.7 2.263 21.100 -0.13523 0.01573Turkmenistan 2000 2.6 3.5 2.3 2.7 5.1 3.2 0.510 2.500 na naUzbekistan 1996 3.9 3.2 6.3 5.3 8.9 5.2 0.438 5.000 0.24326 0.07201





PREVALENCE OF DIARRHEA


- 28 -



F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 21.0 20.7 19.6 19.5 16.5 19.7 1.270 4.461 -0.04908 0.01744Benin 1996 28.4 30.4 25.5 24.8 18.4 26.1 1.543 10.000 -0.07328 0.01897Benin 2001 15.2 15.3 13.1 12.6 9.7 13.4 1.567 5.500 -0.08091 0.02134Burkina Faso 1992/93 13.8 10.8 12.5 11.9 11.0 12.0 1.253 2.783 -0.02685 0.02095Burkina Faso 1998/99 17.8 19.1 20.4 21.5 22.0 20.0 0.809 4.200 0.03421 0.01540Burkina Faso 2003 20.7 22.1 21.2 19.8 21.5 21.1 0.962 0.814 -0.00916 0.01146Cameroon 1991 21.9 20.6 18.4 15.0 12.8 17.6 1.711 9.100 -0.12013 0.02139Cameroon 1998 22.2 25.3 15.9 15.1 14.2 18.9 1.563 8.000 -0.11094 0.02535Cameroon 2004 21.1 20.7 16.3 13.3 10.6 17.0 1.987 10.499 -0.12059 0.01546Central African Republic 1994/95 28.1 22.5 19.5 23.5 18.7 22.6 1.503 9.400 -0.07452 0.02199Chad 1996/97 18.9 21.4 21.7 24.2 21.4 21.5 0.883 2.500 0.02042 0.01297Chad 2004 19.6 31.9 27.8 26.4 27.3 26.9 0.720 7.625 0.02035 0.01195Comoros 1996 24.9 25.4 21.5 19.7 23.4 23.1 1.064 1.500 -0.05449 0.03331Côte d'Ivoire 1994 21.2 20.4 18.8 24.6 24.1 21.6 0.880 2.900 0.01511 0.01809Eritrea 1995 26.0 26.7 22.6 22.7 16.8 23.6 1.548 9.200 -0.09079 0.02114Ethiopia 2000 23.0 25.6 24.8 24.2 19.6 23.6 1.173 3.400 -0.03051 0.01008Gabon 2000 15.9 15.8 15.7 15.9 15.4 15.7 1.032 0.500 -0.02108 0.02112Ghana 1993 21.5 23.1 21.0 19.2 14.2 20.0 1.514 7.300 -0.06371 0.02410Ghana 1998 23.4 17.5 18.6 15.0 11.0 17.9 2.127 12.400 -0.11269 0.02130Ghana 2003 20.0 14.5 14.1 15.7 11.4 15.6 1.762 8.653 -0.11460 0.02376Guinea 1999 23.4 22.2 20.7 19.9 19.0 21.2 1.232 4.400 -0.04402 0.01602Kenya 1993 8.2 10.7 8.7 8.0 6.8 8.6 1.206 1.405 -0.04699 0.02446Kenya 1998 19.4 18.7 17.8 15.4 13.1 17.1 1.481 6.300 -0.07476 0.02221Kenya 2003 18.5 17.7 15.2 13.3 16.2 16.4 1.140 2.272 -0.05515 0.01759Madagascar 1997 29.2 21.8 26.1 31.3 26.2 27.1 1.115 3.000 0.00899 0.01635Malawi 1992 23.7 20.7 23.4 19.3 21.0 21.7 1.129 2.700 -0.03332 0.01736Malawi 2000 18.8 19.0 18.4 17.3 13.8 17.6 1.362 5.000 -0.06708 0.01188Mali 1995/96 29.0 26.8 27.8 25.7 16.2 25.3 1.790 12.800 -0.07881 0.01345Mali 2001 20.8 20.5 20.7 16.9 13.0 18.6 1.600 7.800 -0.07245 0.01171Mauritania 2000/01 16.7 19.6 19.2 17.0 19.1 18.3 0.874 2.400 -0.00757 0.01919Mozambique 1997 20.9 26.5 19.4 20.7 18.4 20.7 1.136 2.500 -0.00660 0.01914Mozambique 2003 15.0 13.3 14.7 13.8 15.5 14.5 0.965 0.543 0.01101 0.01489Namibia 1992 27.0 27.5 22.9 15.2 10.6 20.5 2.547 16.400 -0.20530 0.01899Namibia 2000 13.9 11.1 9.2 15.5 9.5 12.0 1.463 4.400 -0.04234 0.02618Niger 1998 36.9 37.0 41.1 41.5 32.4 37.8 1.139 4.500 -0.01835 0.01085Nigeria 1990 19.9 20.5 19.9 16.7 10.8 17.7 1.843 9.100 -0.13558 0.01305Nigeria 2003 22.3 24.2 20.0 19.4 9.1 19.2 2.457 13.221 -0.12480 0.01586Rwanda 2000 18.2 18.2 18.3 17.3 12.8 16.9 1.422 5.400 -0.07533 0.01452Senegal 1997 15.3 17.1 14.4 14.7 13.7 15.1 1.117 1.600 -0.03890 0.01709South Africa 1998 16.5 14.7 14.7 9.4 8.7 13.2 1.897 7.800 -0.11065 0.02041Tanzania 1996 13.7 11.7 14.8 15.4 12.3 13.7 1.114 1.400 0.00591 0.01833Tanzania 1999 11.7 12.2 14.1 15.2 8.5 12.4 1.376 3.200 -0.03006 0.02585Tanzania 2004 13.3 14.2 12.1 13.2 9.4 12.6 1.414 3.894 -0.04871 0.01737Togo 1998 32.6 32.6 31.0 35.5 21.4 31.1 1.523 11.200 -0.02859 0.01377Uganda 1995 29.9 22.0 22.7 24.9 17.0 23.5 1.759 12.900 -0.08221 0.01398Uganda 2000/01 25.3 22.8 17.2 16.3 14.4 19.6 1.757 10.900 -0.09537 0.01424Zambia 1996 24.5 23.9 22.1 26.8 19.4 23.5 1.263 5.100 -0.02645 0.01390Zambia 2001 22.9 21.2 21.8 22.4 16.2 21.2 1.414 6.700 -0.02658 0.01477Zimbabwe 1994 28.9 23.5 25.0 21.0 17.3 23.5 1.671 11.600 -0.09625 0.02156Zimbabwe 1999 13.7 13.6 17.4 13.8 10.8 13.9 1.269 2.900 -0.02633 0.02343

G. ALL COUNTRIES 19.0 18.2 17.4 16.5 13.9 17.2 1.361 5.030 -0.05719 0.02001



PREVALENCE OF DIARRHEA (Cont.)

Part I: HNP Status

- 29 -



A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC 16.2 15.3 13.9 13.5 11.1 14.3 1.461 5.122 -0.08117 0.02086Cambodia 2000 18.3 20.4 19.5 21.6 19.4 19.8 0.943 1.100 0.00927 0.01317Indonesia 1997 10.4 9.6 8.2 9.2 6.8 9.0 1.529 3.600 -0.05457 0.01366Indonesia 2002/03 8.3 8.6 7.6 7.9 5.2 7.6 1.597 3.096 -0.08191 0.01633Philippines 1998 15.3 13.4 13.6 12.6 9.1 13.3 1.681 6.200 -0.07338 0.01744Philippines 2003 14.6 11.0 9.0 7.6 5.8 10.2 2.503 8.793 -0.17451 0.02171Vietnam 1997 14.0 18.1 15.9 9.8 10.1 14.2 1.386 3.900 -0.05695 0.03189Vietnam 2002 23.7 21.4 19.6 16.9 14.0 19.5 1.693 9.700 -0.07753 0.03223

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA 4.0 4.2 3.6 4.9 4.1 4.2 0.976 0.100 0.14863 0.10149Armenia 2000 10.2 11.2 10.4 14.6 11.0 11.4 0.927 0.800 0.02175 0.04190Kazakhstan 1995 5.1 2.9 1.7 11.2 5.3 5.1 0.962 0.200 0.15869 0.10587Kazakhstan 1999 2.7 3.9 2.8 3.9 1.1 3.0 2.455 1.600 -0.03829 0.08697Kyrgyzstan 1997 6.2 4.6 2.9 4.5 2.6 4.4 2.385 3.600 -0.05915 0.06232Turkey 1993 15.5 14.8 13.0 9.4 6.6 12.3 2.348 8.900 -0.12873 0.02634Turkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.7 1.5 0.8 0.400 0.900 na naUzbekistan 1996 0.3 0.8 0.9 0.7 4.3 1.2 0.070 4.000 0.67020 0.21476

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 24.2 24.3 23.1 20.8 18.1 22.4 1.334 6.043 -0.04325 0.01386Bolivia 1998 26.5 26.7 20.3 24.4 21.7 24.2 1.221 4.800 -0.04708 0.01281Bolivia 2003 21.3 20.3 22.6 25.9 21.2 22.2 1.002 0.043 0.01050 0.01191Brazil 1996 25.3 26.7 23.0 20.6 20.5 23.7 1.234 4.800 -0.03603 0.01528Colombia 1995 27.4 22.4 22.0 23.4 26.3 24.3 1.042 1.100 -0.02794 0.01536Colombia 2000 16.5 17.8 14.5 14.5 13.3 15.6 1.241 3.200 -0.05553 0.02001Colombia 2005 10.2 9.5 8.9 10.3 9.2 9.6 1.111 1.019 -0.04518 0.01602Dominican Republic 1996 27.7 26.3 25.6 24.4 16.6 24.7 1.669 11.100 -0.06650 0.01607Dominican Republic 2002 22.7 20.9 20.5 18.1 14.0 19.7 1.624 8.726 -0.06249 0.01184Guatemala 1995 23.1 21.0 22.2 23.3 18.5 21.9 1.249 4.600 -0.03627 0.01205Guatemala 1998/99 18.9 21.9 23.1 14.3 16.5 19.2 1.145 2.400 -0.04242 0.01872Haiti 1994/95 20.6 21.7 20.2 21.1 15.3 20.2 1.346 5.300 -0.04247 0.01992Haiti 2000 46.7 44.9 37.9 36.0 27.4 39.3 1.704 19.300 -0.09101 0.00959Nicaragua 1997/98 29.1 27.4 24.6 27.1 20.8 26.4 1.399 8.300 -0.06088 0.01111Nicaragua 2001 34.5 34.4 31.2 26.8 23.4 30.9 1.474 11.100 -0.06641 0.01113Paraguay 1990 16.8 19.1 20.0 17.1 12.7 17.2 1.323 4.100 -0.02672 0.01986Peru 1996 24.9 21.6 18.3 18.9 13.4 20.4 1.858 11.500 -0.10160 0.00906Peru 2000 21.0 21.4 20.6 17.9 18.1 20.2 1.160 2.900 -0.02949 0.01041

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA 15.2 14.8 13.6 13.0 11.4 13.7 1.333 3.789 -0.05446 0.01601Egypt 1995 21.5 23.7 25.0 24.9 21.1 23.2 1.019 0.400 0.00395 0.01007Egypt 2000 11.8 10.9 9.5 8.2 6.9 9.5 1.710 4.900 -0.10499 0.01731Jordan 1997 11.1 11.3 9.2 9.9 9.0 10.2 1.233 2.100 na naMorocco 1992 18.8 14.6 15.9 14.7 9.9 15.2 1.899 8.900 -0.09493 0.01984Morocco 2003/04 11.8 12.4 12.4 10.8 10.4 11.6 1.141 1.458 -0.01548 0.02051Yemen 1997 26.0 24.7 23.4 23.2 19.3 23.4 1.347 6.700 -0.04292 0.01022

E. SOUTH ASIA 20.3 20.7 21.0 17.9 15.5 19.2 1.304 4.730 -0.06190 0.01318Bangladesh 1996/97 12.7 14.8 13.8 11.3 10.6 12.8 1.198 2.100 -0.05401 0.01922Bangladesh 1999/2000 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 2004 21.4 22.3 20.7 16.1 14.1 19.3 1.520 7.322 -0.08791 0.01447India 1992/93 7.0 7.2 7.3 5.7 4.2 6.4 1.667 2.800 -0.08621 0.01042India 1998/99 21.5 20.6 20.3 17.6 13.9 19.1 1.547 7.600 -0.07551 0.00672Nepal 1996 34.9 32.8 34.1 37.3 29.9 34.1 1.167 5.000 0.00619 0.01232Nepal 2001 21.5 23.7 24.6 21.8 22.3 22.8 0.964 0.800 0.00121 0.01337Pakistan 1990/91 16.7 16.0 18.5 16.0 11.9 15.8 1.403 4.800 -0.08538 0.01814


PREVALENCE OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION


- 30 -



F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 16.8 17.1 16.5 16.0 14.2 16.2 1.180 2.560 -0.01953 0.02008Benin 1996 17.1 18.8 15.0 12.3 14.2 15.7 1.204 2.900 -0.07008 0.02645Benin 2001 12.0 11.5 11.6 13.3 11.3 12.0 1.062 0.700 0.00356 0.02347Burkina Faso 1992/93 4.0 5.1 4.7 4.3 4.6 4.5 0.862 0.633 0.03751 0.03627Burkina Faso 1998/99 14.2 15.6 13.5 12.1 11.3 13.5 1.257 2.900 -0.05793 0.01974Burkina Faso 2003 8.2 8.8 9.1 8.8 7.5 8.6 1.099 0.743 0.00257 0.01964Cameroon 1991 7.7 12.3 6.2 8.2 8.4 8.7 0.917 0.700 -0.05248 0.03373Cameroon 1998 16.7 21.8 21.7 22.7 16.3 19.7 1.025 0.400 0.00006 0.02424Cameroon 2004 10.7 12.1 9.7 11.0 11.7 11.0 0.915 0.994 0.01999 0.01983Central African Republic 1994/95 27.0 29.2 28.1 29.0 27.6 28.2 0.978 0.600 0.00803 0.01802Chad 1996/97 10.0 12.4 14.0 13.7 13.7 12.7 0.730 3.700 0.04108 0.01838Chad 2004 7.4 10.7 8.0 9.5 10.1 9.2 0.738 2.645 -0.00330 0.02413Comoros 1996 26.1 23.7 20.0 20.2 19.6 22.3 1.332 6.500 -0.06618 0.03494Côte d'Ivoire 1994 11.5 15.2 10.6 13.8 19.1 13.7 0.602 7.600 0.04569 0.02507Eritrea 1995 25.8 25.0 20.2 24.2 16.8 23.0 1.536 9.000 -0.07173 0.02204Ethiopia 2000 22.3 24.3 29.0 25.0 20.8 24.4 1.072 1.500 -0.03590 0.00981Gabon 2000 13.2 12.0 14.8 12.5 12.6 13.0 1.048 0.600 -0.01933 0.02431Ghana 1993 13.0 12.2 9.8 6.5 8.8 10.1 1.477 4.200 -0.11246 0.03892Ghana 1998 14.4 15.6 14.6 11.3 11.5 13.8 1.252 2.900 -0.06257 0.02509Ghana 2003 11.4 9.9 10.4 10.3 7.3 10.1 1.557 4.079 -0.01936 0.02765Guinea 1999 18.3 15.2 14.8 16.4 14.4 15.9 1.271 3.900 -0.03356 0.01895Kenya 1993 5.8 7.0 5.9 8.2 6.2 6.6 0.935 0.403 0.01660 0.02895Kenya 1998 23.1 21.0 19.4 20.6 15.2 20.1 1.520 7.900 -0.06179 0.01999Kenya 2003 18.1 22.9 17.5 17.5 15.7 18.4 1.150 2.365 -0.03474 0.01607Madagascar 1997 27.3 25.6 25.0 21.4 16.0 23.9 1.706 11.300 -0.09705 0.01676Malawi 1992 16.8 14.4 13.8 13.6 13.3 14.4 1.263 3.500 -0.03648 0.02287Malawi 2000 29.1 26.8 30.9 26.1 19.0 26.7 1.532 10.100 -0.05372 0.00910Mali 1995/96 15.4 16.6 15.0 15.3 13.9 15.3 1.108 1.500 -0.01832 0.01908Mali 2001 10.4 9.0 10.8 8.4 10.9 9.9 0.954 0.500 0.04363 0.01843Mauritania 2000/01 8.4 7.2 9.9 13.5 10.9 9.9 0.771 2.500 0.10482 0.02799Mozambique 1997 11.7 11.2 10.4 10.2 16.0 11.8 0.731 4.300 0.03627 0.02733Mozambique 2003 7.8 11.3 7.7 10.1 14.0 9.8 0.557 6.208 0.11788 0.01949Namibia 1992 26.2 22.9 19.2 11.0 11.1 17.9 2.360 15.100 -0.20680 0.02170Namibia 2000 17.0 24.4 21.1 14.0 12.1 17.7 1.405 4.900 -0.08143 0.01923Niger 1998 13.3 14.7 15.7 13.7 13.3 14.2 1.000 0.000 0.00760 0.02097Nigeria 1990 6.7 8.9 5.8 6.3 5.1 6.7 1.314 1.600 -0.12265 0.02395Nigeria 2003 11.1 12.4 12.1 9.2 6.2 10.3 1.784 4.879 -0.09801 0.02305Rwanda 2000 26.0 23.1 20.8 22.1 15.4 21.2 1.688 10.600 -0.07698 0.01258Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 19.6 19.1 19.7 16.9 21.2 19.3 0.925 1.600 -0.00087 0.01679Tanzania 1996 11.6 12.9 14.2 13.9 12.3 13.0 0.943 0.700 0.00135 0.01898Tanzania 1999 13.6 12.9 11.5 18.8 13.1 13.9 1.038 0.500 -0.02018 0.02536Tanzania 2004 8.9 7.5 8.3 8.3 7.3 8.1 1.226 1.652 -0.01963 0.02293Togo 1998 21.9 19.6 19.5 21.4 18.1 20.2 1.210 3.800 -0.01342 0.01845Uganda 1995 32.0 28.8 27.2 28.1 18.6 27.1 1.720 13.400 -0.10236 0.01292Uganda 2000/01 23.4 25.1 21.0 23.3 18.8 22.5 1.245 4.600 -0.04721 0.01306Zambia 1996 12.9 13.0 11.3 15.5 10.3 12.7 1.252 2.600 -0.02897 0.02051Zambia 2001 15.5 14.8 17.3 14.5 9.0 14.6 1.722 6.500 -0.04526 0.01823Zimbabwe 1994 34.9 28.4 25.0 20.3 16.0 25.4 2.181 18.900 -0.13772 0.02001Zimbabwe 1999 18.2 18.3 18.0 13.5 11.6 15.8 1.569 6.600 -0.08295 0.02136

G. ALL COUNTRIES 16.9 17.1 16.3 15.5 13.6 16.0 1.245 3.336 -0.02072 0.02456



PREVALENCE OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION (Cont.)

Part I: HNP Status

- 31 -




B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA 3.7 3.0 2.7 2.4 1.8 2.7 2.056 1.900 -0.13159 0.00082Armenia 2000 2.5 1.8 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.563 0.900 -0.09182 0.00091Kazakhstan 1995 3.3 2.9 3.0 2.2 1.4 2.5 2.357 1.900 -0.16006 0.00117Kazakhstan 1999 3.4 2.5 2.1 1.6 1.2 2.0 2.833 2.200 -0.12309 0.00072Kyrgyzstan 1997 4.6 3.6 3.6 3.3 2.0 3.4 2.300 2.600 -0.14119 0.00113Turkey 1993 3.7 2.9 2.5 2.0 1.5 2.5 2.467 2.200 -0.12293 0.00039Turkey 1998 3.9 3.1 2.7 2.0 1.7 2.6 2.294 2.200 -0.18475 0.00053Turkmenistan 2000 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.1 2.9 1.619 1.300 na naUzbekistan 1996 4.4 3.7 3.2 3.2 2.2 3.3 2.000 2.200 -0.11707 0.00082




FertilityPart I: HNP Status

TOTAL FERTILITY RATE


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 6.6 6.2 5.8 5.1 3.8 5.4 1.769 2.885 -0.10882 0.01120Benin 1996 7.3 6.9 6.8 5.4 3.8 6.0 1.921 3.500 -0.11679 0.00075Benin 2001 7.2 6.6 6.5 5.0 3.5 5.6 2.057 3.700 -0.13500 0.00071Burkina Faso 1992/93 7.5 6.6 7.1 7.1 4.6 6.5 1.627 2.904 -0.06908 0.04301Burkina Faso 1998/99 7.2 6.9 6.8 7.0 4.5 6.4 1.600 2.700 -0.06996 0.00075Burkina Faso 2003 6.6 6.8 6.4 6.5 3.6 5.9 1.844 3.023 -0.09726 0.05786Cameroon 1991 6.2 6.8 6.1 5.3 4.8 5.8 1.292 1.400 -0.06208 0.00040Cameroon 1998 5.9 5.7 5.0 4.3 3.6 4.8 1.639 2.300 -0.10401 0.00045Cameroon 2004 6.5 6.0 5.6 4.3 3.2 5.0 2.034 3.311 -0.14043 0.03328Central African Republic 1994/95 5.1 5.2 4.8 5.3 4.9 5.1 1.041 0.200 -0.00354 0.00023Chad 1996/97 7.1 6.1 6.2 6.4 6.2 6.4 1.145 0.900 -0.01822 0.00029Chad 2004 5.1 6.6 6.9 7.2 6.0 6.3 0.858 0.854 0.02956 0.03626Comoros 1996 6.4 5.5 4.5 4.1 3.0 4.6 2.133 3.400 -0.14055 0.00090Côte d'Ivoire 1994 6.4 6.1 5.7 4.9 3.7 5.3 1.730 2.700 -0.10420 0.00051Eritrea 1995 8.0 7.2 6.4 5.9 3.7 6.1 2.162 4.300 -0.13763 0.00086Ethiopia 2000 6.3 6.2 5.9 5.8 3.6 5.5 1.750 2.700 -0.09158 0.00053Gabon 2000 6.3 5.0 4.1 3.5 3.0 4.2 2.100 3.300 -0.14040 0.00056Ghana 1993 6.7 6.0 5.6 4.7 3.4 5.2 1.971 3.300 -0.12255 0.00070Ghana 1998 6.3 5.1 5.0 3.9 2.4 4.4 2.625 3.900 -0.17152 0.00102Ghana 2003 6.4 5.9 4.9 3.3 2.8 4.4 2.324 3.648 -0.17939 0.02715Guinea 1999 5.8 6.5 6.3 5.4 4.0 5.5 1.450 1.800 -0.06823 0.00067Kenya 1993 7.2 6.2 5.6 5.3 3.3 5.4 2.171 3.907 -0.13507 0.04444Kenya 1998 6.5 5.6 4.7 4.2 3.0 4.7 2.167 3.500 -0.15138 0.00056Kenya 2003 7.6 5.8 5.1 4.0 3.1 4.9 2.443 4.496 -0.17409 0.03610Madagascar 1997 8.1 6.3 6.8 5.7 3.4 6.0 2.382 4.700 -0.14232 0.00086Malawi 1992 7.2 7.0 6.9 6.4 6.1 6.7 1.180 1.100 -0.03356 0.00026Malawi 2000 7.1 7.0 6.4 6.2 4.8 6.3 1.479 2.300 -0.06493 0.00021Mali 1995/96 6.9 7.3 7.4 7.1 5.1 6.7 1.353 1.800 -0.05120 0.00052Mali 2001 7.3 7.5 7.3 6.8 5.3 6.8 1.377 2.000 -0.05905 0.00034Mauritania 2000/01 5.4 4.8 4.9 4.1 3.5 4.5 1.543 1.900 -0.08055 0.00036Mozambique 1997 5.2 5.0 5.4 5.9 4.4 5.2 1.182 0.800 -0.01131 0.00046Mozambique 2003 6.3 6.1 6.3 5.2 3.8 5.5 1.687 2.582 -0.09318 0.04017Namibia 1992 6.9 7.2 5.9 4.8 3.6 5.4 1.917 3.300 -0.13966 0.00057Namibia 2000 6.0 5.2 4.6 3.6 2.7 4.2 2.222 3.300 -0.15729 0.00059Niger 1998 8.4 7.3 7.8 7.2 5.7 7.2 1.474 2.700 -0.05768 0.00045Nigeria 1990 6.6 6.5 5.9 6.3 4.7 6.0 1.404 1.900 -0.05496 0.00044Nigeria 2003 6.5 6.3 5.7 5.9 4.2 5.7 1.550 2.314 -0.07507 0.03118Rwanda 2000 6.0 5.9 5.9 6.0 5.4 5.8 1.111 0.600 -0.01527 0.00018Senegal 1997 7.4 6.8 6.2 5.2 3.6 5.7 2.056 3.800 -0.13544 0.00058South Africa 1998 4.8 3.6 2.7 2.2 1.9 2.9 2.526 2.900 -0.18401 0.00046Tanzania 1996 7.8 6.0 6.4 5.4 3.9 5.8 2.000 3.900 -0.11895 0.00061Tanzania 1999 7.8 6.4 6.1 5.0 3.4 5.6 2.294 4.400 -0.15181 0.00098Tanzania 2004 7.3 6.7 6.6 5.3 3.3 5.7 2.234 4.054 -0.14352 0.05115Togo 1998 7.3 6.6 6.0 4.1 2.9 5.2 2.517 4.400 -0.18316 0.00064Uganda 1995 7.5 7.2 7.3 6.9 5.4 6.9 1.389 2.100 -0.05537 0.00043Uganda 2000/01 8.5 8.2 7.5 6.3 4.1 6.9 2.073 4.400 -0.13064 0.00073Zambia 1996 7.4 6.7 6.4 5.7 4.4 6.1 1.682 3.000 -0.10057 0.00044Zambia 2001 7.3 7.2 6.8 5.1 3.6 5.9 2.028 3.700 -0.13305 0.00067Zimbabwe 1994 6.2 4.8 4.3 3.9 2.8 4.3 2.214 3.400 -0.14672 0.00066Zimbabwe 1999 4.9 4.6 4.5 3.9 2.6 4.0 1.885 2.300 -0.11792 0.00073

G. ALL COUNTRIES 5.7 5.1 4.7 4.1 3.0 4.4 1.897 2.716 -0.12444 0.01020

Part I: HNP Status


Fertility

TOTAL FERTILITY RATE (Cont.)

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D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA 68.2 66.7 65.8 47.8 35.1 57.8 1.941 33.052 -0.13073 0.02213Egypt 1995 93.0 73.0 69.0 37.0 25.0 61.0 3.720 68.000 -0.22625 0.00133Egypt 2000 57.0 71.0 55.0 44.0 16.0 51.0 3.563 41.000 -0.17843 0.00184Jordan 1997 44.0 60.0 43.0 25.0 30.0 43.0 1.467 14.000 -0.12622 0.00164Morocco 1992 52.0 51.0 48.0 30.0 21.0 40.0 2.476 31.000 -0.17090 0.00198Morocco 2003/04 50.7 35.7 44.3 21.0 12.5 32.4 4.050 38.207 -0.22823 0.08463Yemen 1997 121.0 100.0 121.0 101.0 82.0 105.0 1.476 39.000 0.00996 0.00042


FertilityPart I: HNP Status

ADOLESCENT FERTILITY RATE


- 34 -



F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 168.1 159.1 150.1 125.7 75.4 129.7 2.231 92.741 -0.15386 0.01839Benin 1996 178.0 175.0 143.0 113.0 33.0 119.0 5.394 145.000 -0.25183 0.00422Benin 2001 176.0 151.0 155.0 90.0 35.0 109.0 5.029 141.000 -0.27568 0.00349Burkina Faso 1992/93 186.1 139.2 173.7 191.5 97.4 148.9 1.912 88.757 -0.08760 0.06388Burkina Faso 1998/99 168.0 129.0 148.0 148.0 90.0 131.0 1.867 78.000 -0.09258 0.00194Burkina Faso 2003 142.3 161.9 138.7 132.6 61.1 119.2 2.328 81.164 -0.15814 0.07297Cameroon 1991 208.0 207.0 184.0 150.0 101.0 164.0 2.059 107.000 -0.13871 0.00212Cameroon 1998 202.0 198.0 162.0 100.0 63.0 137.0 3.206 139.000 -0.22666 0.00215Cameroon 2004 203.8 190.4 158.4 114.6 70.3 137.7 2.898 133.512 -0.20329 0.04947Central African Republic 1994/95 155.0 144.0 158.0 179.0 138.0 155.0 1.123 17.000 -0.00345 0.00123Chad 1996/97 178.0 177.0 191.0 201.0 205.0 190.0 0.868 27.000 0.03331 0.00054Chad 2004 138.8 220.2 223.5 191.9 164.1 187.3 0.846 25.288 0.00752 0.05671Comoros 1996 65.0 102.0 69.0 42.0 25.0 59.0 2.600 40.000 -0.20741 0.00472Côte d'Ivoire 1994 191.0 192.0 159.0 134.0 72.0 140.0 2.653 119.000 -0.18180 0.00182Eritrea 1995 226.0 128.0 181.0 140.0 40.0 125.0 5.650 186.000 -0.25845 0.00458Ethiopia 2000 84.0 113.0 131.0 119.0 67.0 100.0 1.254 17.000 -0.05675 0.00175Gabon 2000 205.0 194.0 147.0 135.0 71.0 142.0 2.887 134.000 -0.19005 0.00205Ghana 1993 149.0 149.0 119.0 115.0 72.0 116.0 2.069 77.000 -0.13217 0.00235Ghana 1998 129.0 105.0 125.0 87.0 24.0 88.0 5.375 105.000 -0.23081 0.00512Ghana 2003 132.7 113.4 113.2 50.1 16.3 73.7 8.158 116.431 -0.34044 0.11245Guinea 1999 210.0 207.0 214.0 167.0 93.0 168.0 2.258 117.000 -0.15391 0.00218Kenya 1993 156.5 109.6 120.3 122.1 66.8 110.4 2.343 89.692 -0.11731 0.06409Kenya 1998 163.0 143.0 108.0 103.0 63.0 111.0 2.587 100.000 -0.17796 0.00162Kenya 2003 173.5 141.2 111.3 93.7 80.8 114.2 2.148 92.723 -0.15325 0.02741Madagascar 1997 271.0 215.0 206.0 141.0 78.0 180.0 3.474 193.000 -0.21105 0.00232Malawi 1992 143.0 171.0 196.0 162.0 131.0 161.0 1.092 12.000 -0.01925 0.00195Malawi 2000 192.0 170.0 176.0 186.0 140.0 172.0 1.371 52.000 -0.02502 0.00043Mali 1995/96 198.0 219.0 210.0 217.0 122.0 187.0 1.623 76.000 -0.08744 0.00174Mali 2001 200.0 246.0 225.0 203.0 108.0 185.0 1.852 92.000 -0.12953 0.00163Mauritania 2000/01 85.0 106.0 95.0 67.0 52.0 80.0 1.635 33.000 -0.11085 0.00186Mozambique 1997 191.0 144.0 178.0 208.0 126.0 171.0 1.516 65.000 -0.04844 0.00177Mozambique 2003 234.1 196.8 207.7 188.0 110.5 178.7 2.118 123.566 -0.13893 0.04649Namibia 1992 105.0 119.0 106.0 118.0 99.0 109.0 1.061 6.000 -0.01307 0.00132Namibia 2000 102.0 92.0 101.0 82.0 64.0 88.0 1.594 38.000 -0.07744 0.00166Niger 1998 260.0 231.0 229.0 246.0 148.0 218.0 1.757 112.000 -0.07877 0.00160Nigeria 1990 194.0 213.0 116.0 151.0 66.0 146.0 2.939 128.000 -0.18304 0.00226Nigeria 2003 183.9 161.8 152.4 97.8 57.7 126.3 3.186 126.190 -0.20084 0.06232Rwanda 2000 51.0 49.0 60.0 53.0 49.0 52.0 1.041 2.000 -0.00572 0.00047Senegal 1997 189.0 147.0 109.0 83.0 36.0 103.0 5.250 153.000 -0.28480 0.00234South Africa 1998 108.0 109.0 66.0 68.0 22.0 76.0 4.909 86.000 -0.21252 0.00251Tanzania 1996 151.0 130.0 165.0 160.0 93.0 135.0 1.624 58.000 -0.07161 0.00180Tanzania 1999 196.0 141.0 178.0 117.0 81.0 138.0 2.420 115.000 -0.15197 0.00301Tanzania 2004 172.5 159.2 163.8 129.2 71.4 132.5 2.418 101.179 -0.15966 0.06114Togo 1998 142.0 129.0 114.0 79.0 35.0 89.0 4.057 107.000 -0.25975 0.00237Uganda 1995 222.0 206.0 223.0 208.0 171.0 204.0 1.298 51.000 -0.04309 0.00090Uganda 2000/01 225.0 226.0 204.0 149.0 112.0 178.0 2.009 113.000 -0.14489 0.00130Zambia 1996 210.0 172.0 179.0 161.0 86.0 158.0 2.442 124.000 -0.14472 0.00183Zambia 2001 194.0 209.0 180.0 154.0 94.0 160.0 2.064 100.000 -0.13770 0.00163Zimbabwe 1994 144.0 126.0 83.0 112.0 59.0 99.0 2.441 85.000 -0.15333 0.00214Zimbabwe 1999 162.0 108.0 106.0 130.0 74.0 112.0 2.189 88.000 -0.10945 0.00233

G. ALL COUNTRIES 142.5 126.5 115.0 96.2 56.6 103.0 2.519 85.944 -0.17804 0.01906


Fertility

ADOLESCENT FERTILITY RATE (Cont.)

Part I: HNP Status

- 35 -



A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC na na na na na na na na na naCambodia 2000 26.9 26.4 23.1 26.1 13.5 24.1 1.993 13.400 -0.05696 0.01674Indonesia 1997 na na na na na na na na na naIndonesia 2002/03 na na na na na na na na na naPhilippines 1998 na na na na na na na na na naPhilippines 2003 na na na na na na na na na naVietnam 1997 na na na na na na na na na naVietnam 2002 na na na na na na na na na na




E. SOUTH ASIA 28.0 25.5 23.5 24.7 19.4 24.5 1.444 8.608 -0.05573 0.01235Bangladesh 1996/97 28.1 27.8 26.9 27.5 21.7 26.6 1.295 6.400 -0.03154 0.01366Bangladesh 1999/2000 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 2004 29.0 28.0 27.3 26.9 18.7 26.4 1.553 10.331 -0.07787 0.01194India 1992/93 23.5 23.2 24.2 23.7 20.3 23.1 1.158 3.200 -0.03171 0.00635India 1998/99 25.0 23.6 22.8 22.1 17.4 22.5 1.437 7.600 -0.05661 0.00662Nepal 1996 33.6 29.6 28.7 25.0 20.0 28.2 1.680 13.600 -0.07878 0.01491Nepal 2001 32.7 30.6 26.8 28.8 24.6 29.2 1.329 8.100 -0.04615 0.01128Pakistan 1990/91 25.2 19.9 17.1 21.0 16.8 19.8 1.500 8.400 -0.04229 0.01954

Nutritional StatusPart I: HNP Status

MODERATE STUNTING AMONG CHILDREN


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 22.5 21.2 21.2 19.2 14.7 20.0 1.530 7.795 -0.07830 0.01855Benin 1996 17.0 20.1 17.7 17.6 12.1 17.2 1.405 4.900 -0.04812 0.02630Benin 2001 21.9 22.5 20.1 18.7 14.3 19.7 1.531 7.600 -0.07023 0.01846Burkina Faso 1992/93 20.1 22.1 22.9 21.0 14.6 20.3 1.374 5.462 -0.08957 0.01671Burkina Faso 1998/99 20.9 21.1 20.1 23.2 15.0 20.2 1.393 5.900 -0.04762 0.01792Burkina Faso 2003 19.5 20.2 20.4 20.5 13.5 19.2 1.444 6.009 -0.03747 0.01246Cameroon 1991 18.9 19.6 22.4 15.2 7.9 16.4 2.392 11.000 -0.18743 0.02409Cameroon 1998 20.5 21.2 20.2 19.1 10.1 18.6 2.030 10.400 -0.10056 0.02740Cameroon 2004 21.4 21.0 21.8 15.4 9.9 18.6 2.160 11.502 -0.11892 0.02067Central African Republic 1994/95 22.1 17.4 20.7 21.2 15.4 19.4 1.435 6.700 -0.05025 0.02364Chad 1996/97 23.0 20.7 19.9 15.5 18.4 19.6 1.250 4.600 -0.05702 0.01518Chad 2004 19.7 15.3 19.7 18.1 16.6 17.8 1.191 3.160 -0.03844 0.01701Comoros 1996 23.4 21.4 19.4 19.1 17.8 20.4 1.315 5.600 -0.06904 0.03752Côte d'Ivoire 1994 20.9 18.0 17.4 11.7 10.3 16.1 2.029 10.600 -0.12931 0.02264Eritrea 1995 22.7 21.4 17.5 22.2 14.6 20.1 1.555 8.100 -0.07683 0.02442Ethiopia 2000 25.7 25.9 25.0 26.1 23.3 25.3 1.103 2.400 -0.03364 0.01010Gabon 2000 20.7 18.3 13.5 6.3 8.8 14.0 2.352 11.900 -0.20453 0.02424Ghana 1993 21.9 20.1 16.1 15.6 9.2 16.8 2.380 12.700 -0.13890 0.02854Ghana 1998 20.3 20.5 18.2 10.5 9.1 16.6 2.231 11.200 -0.13048 0.02348Ghana 2003 25.4 19.1 20.4 15.8 8.9 18.9 2.859 16.546 -0.15489 0.01981Guinea 1999 18.8 15.2 16.6 17.4 11.6 16.0 1.621 7.200 -0.06710 0.02412Kenya 1993 23.1 23.6 20.3 22.4 12.1 20.7 1.907 10.979 -0.08285 0.01603Kenya 1998 26.7 21.5 19.1 20.8 10.5 20.3 2.543 16.200 -0.11586 0.01712Kenya 2003 24.8 21.4 19.1 17.8 13.4 19.8 1.850 11.377 -0.09665 0.01555Madagascar 1997 24.7 26.4 31.0 26.5 25.2 26.7 0.980 0.500 0.00842 0.01694Malawi 1992 25.7 28.7 27.4 26.2 21.7 26.0 1.184 4.000 -0.03981 0.01656Malawi 2000 25.8 24.8 24.2 25.2 22.6 24.6 1.142 3.200 -0.02512 0.01056Mali 1995/96 14.2 17.5 16.6 17.0 12.1 15.6 1.174 2.100 -0.02696 0.01889Mali 2001 19.7 22.4 19.0 18.4 12.2 18.5 1.615 7.500 -0.08876 0.01223Mauritania 2000/01 18.1 22.0 18.2 16.7 14.7 18.0 1.231 3.400 -0.04897 0.02181Mozambique 1997 22.4 23.1 20.3 22.2 14.4 20.2 1.556 8.000 -0.07086 0.02003Mozambique 2003 25.2 26.0 25.2 21.2 13.4 22.8 1.877 11.764 -0.09119 0.01156Namibia 1992 23.5 22.6 20.5 20.1 13.5 20.1 1.741 10.000 -0.07868 0.02310Namibia 2000 18.4 17.4 16.5 14.0 9.1 15.5 2.022 9.300 -0.11949 0.02353Niger 1998 21.2 20.6 22.8 22.9 20.9 21.6 1.014 0.300 -0.01333 0.01681Nigeria 1990 22.2 19.7 21.0 21.8 19.2 20.8 1.156 3.000 -0.02379 0.01381Nigeria 2003 22.7 20.7 21.8 16.0 13.1 18.9 1.741 9.674 -0.09792 0.01782Rwanda 2000 27.0 26.0 27.1 23.5 15.7 23.7 1.720 11.300 -0.10209 0.01215Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 27.8 26.6 27.6 25.1 19.6 25.6 1.418 8.200 -0.07095 0.01334Tanzania 1999 28.5 30.6 27.9 24.6 16.3 26.2 1.748 12.200 -0.10223 0.01678Tanzania 2004 27.7 26.9 27.3 26.5 11.4 24.8 2.429 16.319 -0.09544 0.01128Togo 1998 19.0 14.8 14.1 13.6 10.1 14.8 1.881 8.900 -0.12171 0.02438Uganda 1995 24.2 26.6 25.3 23.2 16.4 23.3 1.476 7.800 -0.08737 0.01443Uganda 2000/01 25.1 24.3 25.7 24.2 18.0 23.8 1.394 7.100 -0.05499 0.01362Zambia 1996 27.0 26.2 26.2 24.7 19.4 24.8 1.392 7.600 -0.05784 0.01378Zambia 2001 26.9 26.3 25.3 24.0 19.5 24.7 1.379 7.400 -0.04844 0.01408Zimbabwe 1994 17.4 18.7 16.8 14.7 8.0 15.3 2.175 9.400 -0.11789 0.02834Zimbabwe 1999 19.2 16.2 21.4 15.1 13.1 17.0 1.466 6.100 -0.06774 0.02353

G. ALL COUNTRIES 21.8 19.6 18.3 16.2 12.1 18.1 1.798 9.679 -0.12338 0.02124


Nutritional Status

MODERATE STUNTING AMONG CHILDREN (Cont.)

Part I: HNP Status

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C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 12.7 8.6 5.2 2.1 0.7 6.7 19.446 12.040 -0.40700 0.03618Bolivia 1998 18.0 9.8 6.7 4.8 2.1 9.4 8.571 15.900 -0.33367 0.02341Bolivia 2003 14.5 11.1 4.8 2.6 1.1 7.8 13.070 13.426 -0.35121 0.02137Brazil 1996 6.3 2.1 0.5 0.5 0.4 2.5 15.750 5.900 -0.57537 0.06879Colombia 1995 6.9 3.7 2.2 1.1 1.4 3.5 4.929 5.500 -0.34539 0.04837Colombia 2000 4.6 3.8 2.4 1.5 0.5 2.8 9.200 4.100 -0.28761 0.05231Colombia 2005 4.4 2.4 0.8 0.7 0.6 2.1 7.327 3.757 -0.51563 0.04586Dominican Republic 1996 7.3 1.9 1.3 0.9 0.8 2.8 9.125 6.500 -0.61372 0.07137Dominican Republic 2002 4.9 2.0 2.2 0.8 0.5 2.3 10.566 4.478 -0.34021 0.04156Guatemala 1995 35.2 30.6 24.0 11.2 2.0 23.5 17.600 33.200 -0.25962 0.01135Guatemala 1998/99 35.3 30.4 22.8 6.5 0.3 21.2 117.667 35.000 -0.22899 0.01671Haiti 1994/95 25.4 17.1 12.4 9.0 4.3 14.9 5.907 21.100 -0.27512 0.02644Haiti 2000 12.6 9.3 7.3 3.7 2.3 7.5 5.478 10.300 -0.27972 0.02729Nicaragua 1997/98 15.5 9.9 7.7 4.4 2.7 9.2 5.741 12.800 -0.28103 0.02289Nicaragua 2001 12.8 7.4 3.3 3.0 0.4 6.2 32.000 12.400 -0.40694 0.03109Paraguay 1990 5.8 4.7 1.7 0.6 0.0 3.0 - 5.800 -0.46996 0.05335Peru 1996 17.4 9.2 4.0 1.4 0.7 8.0 24.857 16.700 -0.50474 0.01716Peru 2000 17.6 7.9 3.5 0.9 0.3 7.7 58.667 17.300 -0.49495 0.01960




SEVERE STUNTING AMONG CHILDREN


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 20.1 17.9 15.9 13.2 7.6 15.4 2.630 12.462 -0.17737 0.02309Benin 1996 10.0 9.9 6.5 6.6 4.7 7.8 2.128 5.300 -0.14301 0.04314Benin 2001 13.5 14.4 10.1 10.3 3.9 10.7 3.462 9.600 -0.16461 0.02489Burkina Faso 1992/93 15.5 15.2 14.3 12.6 7.1 13.0 2.199 8.456 -0.16719 0.02129Burkina Faso 1998/99 20.9 18.3 16.1 16.2 11.2 16.6 1.866 9.700 -0.11825 0.01989Burkina Faso 2003 26.5 21.5 21.0 17.5 7.1 19.4 3.751 19.412 -0.16119 0.01257Cameroon 1991 15.9 13.9 13.7 5.3 2.5 9.6 6.360 13.400 -0.32680 0.03497Cameroon 1998 15.9 11.0 11.7 6.9 5.2 10.7 3.058 10.700 -0.21179 0.03842Cameroon 2004 19.6 15.1 14.8 8.0 2.5 13.0 7.774 17.070 -0.26206 0.02621Central African Republic 1994/95 20.2 17.3 12.0 11.6 9.6 14.3 2.104 10.600 -0.17556 0.02955Chad 1996/97 24.2 22.1 21.5 21.0 12.3 20.4 1.967 11.900 -0.10970 0.01399Chad 2004 31.0 23.7 25.0 21.1 15.1 23.2 2.047 15.847 -0.12327 0.01397Comoros 1996 21.4 19.4 9.4 8.0 5.5 13.4 3.891 15.900 -0.28475 0.05082Côte d'Ivoire 1994 12.9 10.5 8.4 5.6 2.5 8.4 5.160 10.400 -0.24213 0.03229Eritrea 1995 24.8 21.5 16.9 13.9 9.0 18.3 2.756 15.800 -0.17900 0.02562Ethiopia 2000 27.2 27.2 29.6 24.3 19.9 25.9 1.367 7.300 -0.08670 0.00954Gabon 2000 12.1 9.2 5.1 2.8 2.7 6.7 4.481 9.400 -0.32728 0.03606Ghana 1993 13.3 9.0 12.4 6.5 3.5 9.1 3.800 9.800 -0.19161 0.04061Ghana 1998 14.5 9.9 9.8 7.1 1.1 9.3 13.182 13.400 -0.28593 0.03312Ghana 2003 15.4 12.4 9.5 6.6 4.9 10.5 3.139 10.487 -0.19457 0.02898Guinea 1999 13.6 15.1 10.5 7.8 4.1 10.1 3.317 9.500 -0.22311 0.03013Kenya 1993 18.3 13.2 10.8 12.4 6.2 12.5 2.933 12.055 -0.15362 0.02180Kenya 1998 17.4 16.0 11.1 9.7 6.6 12.7 2.636 10.800 -0.18805 0.02403Kenya 2003 13.8 11.2 11.1 10.3 6.1 10.8 2.256 7.664 -0.16284 0.02264Madagascar 1997 24.6 19.2 21.1 23.6 17.3 21.6 1.422 7.300 -0.05775 0.01899Malawi 1992 28.8 26.7 23.4 22.0 14.0 23.2 2.057 14.800 -0.14057 0.01664Malawi 2000 32.0 26.9 27.1 21.6 10.9 24.4 2.936 21.100 -0.14468 0.00979Mali 1995/96 18.0 17.7 15.1 13.8 7.2 14.5 2.500 10.800 -0.13600 0.01973Mali 2001 25.1 23.8 21.4 15.7 7.5 19.1 3.347 17.600 -0.16810 0.01168Mauritania 2000/01 20.6 18.5 16.9 17.6 8.7 16.5 2.368 11.900 -0.12723 0.02214Mozambique 1997 25.4 18.5 14.7 13.9 7.4 15.7 3.432 18.000 -0.21865 0.02342Mozambique 2003 24.3 21.0 20.3 12.7 5.8 17.9 4.174 18.505 -0.19237 0.01275Namibia 1992 13.8 8.9 9.8 5.8 3.6 8.4 3.833 10.200 -0.22663 0.03839Namibia 2000 8.3 7.1 7.0 6.7 6.2 7.2 1.339 2.100 -0.14861 0.03697Niger 1998 20.7 22.7 19.4 21.3 11.4 19.5 1.816 9.300 -0.10688 0.01698Nigeria 1990 26.3 25.5 26.2 18.7 12.9 21.9 2.039 13.400 -0.15322 0.01310Nigeria 2003 26.9 27.2 22.9 15.2 5.3 19.6 5.108 21.610 -0.22362 0.01712Rwanda 2000 22.4 21.5 19.5 19.5 11.2 18.7 2.000 11.200 -0.13243 0.01407Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 22.6 20.3 19.2 16.1 9.3 17.8 2.430 13.300 -0.12999 0.01670Tanzania 1999 21.0 21.9 17.1 12.0 7.1 16.5 2.958 13.900 -0.18550 0.02148Tanzania 2004 17.2 14.7 12.5 10.3 3.7 12.3 4.704 13.574 -0.21505 0.01779Togo 1998 10.0 10.1 5.5 5.8 0.9 7.0 11.111 9.100 -0.27069 0.03489Uganda 1995 18.2 18.8 13.2 14.7 9.3 15.0 1.957 8.900 -0.14231 0.01868Uganda 2000/01 18.2 15.8 16.9 13.4 7.1 14.8 2.563 11.100 -0.15722 0.01796Zambia 1996 25.8 21.8 19.4 12.4 6.0 17.5 4.300 19.800 -0.21082 0.01614Zambia 2001 27.2 26.1 24.2 16.7 12.1 22.1 2.248 15.100 -0.13959 0.01481Zimbabwe 1994 6.3 7.0 6.0 6.6 4.3 6.1 1.465 2.000 -0.08284 0.04890Zimbabwe 1999 13.5 9.8 10.2 7.4 5.5 9.4 2.455 8.000 -0.11769 0.03418

G. ALL COUNTRIES 18.0 15.3 13.1 10.3 6.2 13.0 2.883 11.735 -0.22037 0.03012


Nutritional Status

SEVERE STUNTING AMONG CHILDREN (Cont.)

Part I: HNP Status

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MODERATE UNDERWEIGHT AMONG CHILDREN


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G. ALL COUNTRIES 20.5 18.9 17.0 14.8 11.1 16.9 1.838 9.333 -0.15033 0.02542


Nutritional Status

MODERATE UNDERWEIGHT AMONG CHILDREN (Cont.)

Part I: HNP Status

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B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA 3.0 1.3 1.2 1.7 1.0 1.7 3.017 1.983 -0.22171 0.22298Armenia 2000 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.2 1.250 0.100 -0.28525 0.43430Kazakhstan 1995 1.3 2.6 0.3 2.4 0.8 1.5 1.625 0.500 -0.11634 0.15064Kazakhstan 1999 0.0 0.3 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.4 - 0.000 na naKyrgyzstan 1997 3.0 1.0 1.8 0.8 1.0 1.7 3.000 2.000 -0.25796 0.14020Turkey 1993 6.1 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.0 1.9 - 6.100 -0.51751 0.08604Turkey 1998 3.1 1.8 1.2 0.3 0.0 1.4 - 3.100 -0.21541 0.23050Turkmenistan 2000 1.4 1.4 1.5 2.4 1.7 1.7 0.824 0.300 na naUzbekistan 1996 9.8 3.1 1.0 6.8 2.8 5.0 3.500 7.000 -0.12820 0.08694

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 2.9 1.9 1.4 0.6 0.3 1.6 9.673 2.631 -0.36907 0.08250Bolivia 1998 2.2 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.7 1.1 3.143 1.500 -0.32572 0.07579Bolivia 2003 2.6 1.7 0.7 0.3 0.0 1.2 - 2.560 -0.36941 0.05503Brazil 1996 1.2 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.6 4.000 0.900 -0.28829 0.13720Colombia 1995 2.0 0.7 0.9 0.1 0.3 0.9 6.667 1.700 -0.39933 0.10211Colombia 2000 1.5 0.6 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.8 7.500 1.300 -0.34370 0.11010Colombia 2005 1.0 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.6 7.802 0.888 -0.49778 0.09010Dominican Republic 1996 2.0 1.2 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.9 - 2.000 -0.41560 0.20450Dominican Republic 2002 1.1 0.7 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.5 6.256 0.928 -0.35679 0.09288Guatemala 1995 8.5 8.6 6.0 2.2 0.9 5.9 9.444 7.600 -0.25890 0.02542Guatemala 1998/99 8.5 6.4 5.9 0.5 0.0 4.7 - 8.500 -0.25450 0.03703Haiti 1994/95 13.3 8.4 7.8 5.5 1.6 8.1 8.313 11.700 -0.26034 0.03718Haiti 2000 5.9 3.8 3.6 2.1 1.3 3.5 4.538 4.600 -0.26180 0.04333Nicaragua 1997/98 3.4 2.1 1.5 0.9 0.5 1.9 6.800 2.900 -0.28722 0.09202Nicaragua 2001 3.2 2.0 1.0 1.2 0.5 1.8 6.400 2.700 -0.37141 0.06257Paraguay 1990 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.5 2.333 0.400 -0.29491 0.15512Peru 1996 2.5 1.1 0.4 0.1 0.5 1.1 5.000 2.000 -0.59107 0.05658Peru 2000 2.2 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.8 - 2.200 -0.62673 0.06927




SEVERE UNDERWEIGHT AMONG CHILDREN


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G. ALL COUNTRIES 9.2 7.6 6.4 5.1 2.8 6.4 3.285 6.365 -0.24644 0.06029

Part I: HNP Status


Nutritional Status

SEVERE UNDERWEIGHT AMONG CHILDREN (Cont.)

- 43 -




B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA 23.0 21.3 21.6 23.1 21.2 21.9 1.085 1.800 -0.02591 0.03827Armenia 2000 19.8 15.7 12.1 12.1 8.7 14.0 2.276 11.100 -0.13813 0.03787Kazakhstan 1995 29.9 36.6 31.1 28.2 28.1 31.0 1.064 1.800 -0.01873 0.03057Kazakhstan 1999 19.6 16.8 15.0 18.5 22.0 18.0 0.891 2.400 0.06942 0.05767Kyrgyzstan 1997 26.6 26.9 22.8 22.9 23.4 24.8 1.137 3.200 -0.06971 0.03275Turkey 1993 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 20.5 14.5 22.3 23.1 18.0 19.6 1.139 2.500 na naUzbekistan 1996 28.5 32.4 35.7 38.8 33.9 33.3 0.841 5.400 0.03479 0.02480

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 1998 21.7 21.3 17.0 20.5 17.2 19.8 1.262 4.500 -0.03678 0.02746Bolivia 2003 26.9 27.4 25.0 18.9 20.3 24.5 1.320 6.517 -0.06417 0.01985Brazil 1996 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2005 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 2002 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 30.6 31.2 27.3 29.5 28.2 29.6 1.085 2.400 0.01407 0.01854Nicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 2001 na na na na na na na na na naParaguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na -0.03338 0.03247Peru 2000 na na na na na na na na na na

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naEgypt 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEgypt 2000 22.6 21.2 21.7 15.5 13.1 18.9 1.725 9.500 -0.10538 0.01647Jordan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMorocco 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMorocco 2003/04 na na na na na na na na na naYemen 1997 na na na na na na na na na na

E. SOUTH ASIA na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1999/2000 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 2004 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1998/99 23.3 22.6 21.9 22.4 23.8 22.8 0.979 0.500 0.00744 0.00748Nepal 1996 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 2001 na na na na na na na na na naPakistan 1990/91 na na na na na na na na na na


MILD ANEMIA AMONG CHILDREN


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naBenin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 18.1 22.0 27.3 21.1 20.5 21.7 0.883 2.400 0.02669 0.02377Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 20.6 16.4 16.2 19.0 21.6 18.3 0.954 0.989 0.02160 0.02474Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 24.1 23.0 21.5 20.1 25.4 22.8 0.951 1.240 -0.00915 0.02135Central African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naChad 2004 na na na na na na na na na naComoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGabon 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 19.0 21.9 23.8 22.9 28.0 22.6 0.678 9.024 0.06931 0.01984Guinea 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 2003 na na na na na na na na na naMadagascar 1997 18.5 19.4 22.4 23.4 23.0 21.0 0.804 4.500 0.06143 0.02395Malawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 na na na na na na na na na naMali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na na naMali 2001 16.1 19.0 15.7 20.1 21.6 18.2 0.745 5.500 0.03289 0.02476Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNiger 1998 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 na na na na na na na na na naRwanda 2000 na na na na na na na na na naSenegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 22.0 25.4 22.8 26.7 27.2 24.6 0.811 5.145 0.04589 0.01273Togo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 22.1 19.5 19.1 20.5 20.5 20.3 1.078 1.600 -0.00859 0.01623Zambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 na na na na na na na na na na

G. ALL COUNTRIES na na na na na na na na na na


Nutritional Status

MILD ANEMIA AMONG CHILDREN (Cont.)

Part I: HNP Status

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B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA 22.6 20.1 18.0 16.9 14.6 19.0 1.541 7.920 -0.13199 0.04057Armenia 2000 17.0 12.2 6.6 2.5 7.0 9.6 2.429 10.000 -0.22943 0.04714Kazakhstan 1995 36.9 37.5 29.0 31.3 26.1 32.8 1.414 10.800 -0.05765 0.03070Kazakhstan 1999 25.1 15.9 19.0 13.7 11.9 18.1 2.109 13.200 -0.17543 0.05179Kyrgyzstan 1997 25.1 33.6 27.2 20.7 20.1 25.8 1.249 5.000 -0.03959 0.03123Turkey 1993 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 15.8 12.8 14.4 19.3 16.4 15.7 0.963 0.600 na naUzbekistan 1996 29.8 26.0 22.9 28.1 17.8 25.8 1.674 12.000 -0.08350 0.03213

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 1998 38.6 32.8 37.7 23.1 18.7 32.4 2.064 19.900 -0.08340 0.01929Bolivia 2003 26.8 26.2 22.4 22.0 18.8 24.0 1.429 8.048 -0.07738 0.01984Brazil 1996 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2005 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 2002 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 31.0 35.3 41.3 36.7 26.9 34.5 1.152 4.100 0.01375 0.01584Nicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 2001 na na na na na na na na na naParaguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na -0.01823 0.02776Peru 2000 na na na na na na na na na na


E. SOUTH ASIA na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1999/2000 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 2004 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1998/99 49.6 50.5 47.4 44.3 36.4 46.2 1.363 13.200 -0.05171 0.00432Nepal 1996 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 2001 na na na na na na na na na naPakistan 1990/91 na na na na na na na na na na


MODERATE ANEMIA AMONG CHILDREN


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naBenin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 58.9 51.4 51.3 51.9 39.5 51.6 1.491 19.400 -0.05284 0.01260Burkina Faso 1992/933 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 61.5 63.8 62.2 57.8 51.5 60.1 1.195 10.043 -0.03489 0.00933Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 43.6 43.6 43.9 38.5 30.8 41.0 1.416 12.806 -0.05996 0.01341Central African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naChad 2004 na na na na na na na na na naComoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGabon 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 56.5 51.9 50.7 40.8 31.9 48.1 1.771 24.595 -0.09739 0.01093Guinea 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 2003 na na na na na na na na na naMadagascar 1997 46.6 51.1 48.0 39.9 36.7 45.2 1.270 9.900 -0.04863 0.01362Malawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 na na na na na na na na na naMali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na na naMali 2001 56.7 52.2 57.7 51.2 44.5 53.0 1.274 12.200 -0.03436 0.01113Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNiger 1998 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 na na na na na na na na na naRwanda 2000 na na na na na na na na na naSenegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 50.0 44.4 44.5 37.3 32.6 42.5 1.532 17.342 -0.06394 0.00822Togo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 39.4 40.2 39.1 38.4 30.4 38.0 1.296 9.000 -0.04025 0.01039Zambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 na na na na na na na na na na


Part I: HNP Status


Nutritional Status

MODERATE ANEMIA AMONG CHILDREN (Cont.)

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B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA 1.4 1.0 1.4 0.6 0.7 1.1 1.972 0.700 -0.19396 0.22747Armenia 2000 0.8 0.2 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 4.000 0.600 -0.18442 0.30210Kazakhstan 1995 7.5 5.5 8.3 5.6 0.9 6.1 8.333 6.600 -0.11792 0.07912Kazakhstan 1999 3.9 0.3 0.0 0.6 1.6 1.4 2.438 2.300 -0.47832 0.29786Kyrgyzstan 1997 1.5 2.0 2.8 0.8 0.7 1.6 2.143 0.800 -0.11713 0.15009Turkey 1993 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 0.3 0.8 1.1 0.5 0.0 0.6 - 0.300 na naUzbekistan 1996 0.6 1.9 2.1 1.3 1.1 1.4 0.545 0.500 0.00403 0.15981

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 1998 4.5 2.4 4.1 3.8 0.7 3.4 6.429 3.800 -0.02447 0.06663Bolivia 2003 1.5 1.6 1.9 3.1 0.3 1.8 4.447 1.160 0.06471 0.08460Brazil 1996 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2005 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 2002 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 1.2 0.7 2.3 3.6 1.0 1.7 1.200 0.200 0.07421 0.07868Nicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 2001 na na na na na na na na na naParaguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na -0.30616 0.17248Peru 2000 na na na na na na na na na na

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naEgypt 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEgypt 2000 0.5 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 - 0.500 -0.35792 0.20215Jordan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMorocco 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMorocco 2003/04 na na na na na na na na na naYemen 1997 na na na na na na na na na na



SEVERE ANEMIA AMONG CHILDREN


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naBenin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 10.2 13.1 7.8 6.4 5.1 8.8 2.000 5.100 -0.15125 0.03918Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 10.7 14.6 14.2 17.2 7.2 13.2 1.480 3.465 0.00713 0.02687Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 5.6 5.6 5.1 4.6 1.8 4.8 3.134 3.803 -0.14084 0.04808Central African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naChad 2004 na na na na na na na na na naComoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGabon 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 7.5 7.5 6.1 4.4 2.3 5.9 3.182 5.114 -0.12120 0.03885Guinea 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 2003 na na na na na na na na na naMadagascar 1997 10.7 8.4 6.9 6.5 3.4 7.7 3.147 7.300 -0.18144 0.04273Malawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 na na na na na na na na na naMali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na na naMali 2001 14.1 11.2 13.8 11.9 4.3 11.5 3.279 9.800 -0.13573 0.03198Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNiger 1998 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 na na na na na na na na na naRwanda 2000 na na na na na na na na na naSenegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 5.3 5.0 4.3 2.6 2.4 4.0 2.240 2.915 -0.16677 0.03096Togo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 7.8 9.9 6.9 5.4 2.2 6.8 3.545 5.600 -0.17991 0.02782Zambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 na na na na na na na na na na


Part I: HNP Status


Nutritional Status

SEVERE ANEMIA AMONG CHILDREN (Cont.)

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B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA 7.0 7.0 6.1 7.1 6.6 6.8 1.064 0.417 0.00566 0.04442Armenia 2000 2.5 3.1 3.6 4.2 3.9 3.5 0.641 1.400 0.07284 0.03932Kazakhstan 1995 10.7 8.3 7.4 6.7 7.3 7.9 1.466 3.400 -0.08172 0.03339Kazakhstan 1999 7.1 8.1 5.4 6.9 9.1 7.4 0.780 2.000 0.04701 0.04495Kyrgyzstan 1997 7.3 6.3 6.0 7.9 7.0 6.9 1.043 0.300 -0.00224 0.03521Turkey 1993 2.7 1.1 2.0 4.4 3.2 2.6 0.844 0.500 0.13585 0.07273Turkey 1998 1.5 2.7 2.7 4.0 1.5 2.5 1.000 0.000 0.01610 0.07647Turkmenistan 2000 11.1 10.2 9.1 9.0 9.9 9.9 1.121 1.200 na naUzbekistan 1996 12.3 11.4 9.5 10.8 7.9 10.3 1.557 4.400 -0.10543 0.02615

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 6.0 4.3 4.8 4.0 3.8 4.5 1.585 2.219 0.00764 0.04139Bolivia 1998 0.5 0.2 0.9 1.0 2.2 0.9 0.227 1.700 0.29763 0.10738Bolivia 2003 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.8 2.5 1.8 0.710 0.714 0.15842 0.03443Brazil 1996 8.8 4.6 6.8 5.3 5.4 6.3 1.630 3.400 -0.14384 0.04350Colombia 1995 5.9 4.0 3.7 3.6 1.2 3.8 4.917 4.700 -0.17755 0.05086Colombia 2000 3.2 4.2 2.5 2.6 3.0 3.2 1.067 0.200 -0.12095 0.05724Colombia 2005 5.9 5.8 5.3 5.3 4.4 5.3 1.353 1.549 -0.03278 0.01381Dominican Republic 1996 10.4 7.7 7.2 7.2 6.1 7.5 1.705 4.300 -0.14014 0.02430Dominican Republic 2002 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1995 4.2 4.4 3.3 4.4 2.0 3.7 2.100 2.200 -0.09562 0.04334Guatemala 1998/99 3.7 2.3 2.3 0.9 0.5 2.0 7.400 3.200 -0.06531 0.09070Haiti 1994/95 24.9 23.6 18.7 15.1 9.3 18.7 2.677 15.600 -0.16168 0.02619Haiti 2000 17.3 12.6 13.4 9.6 8.1 11.5 2.136 9.200 na naNicaragua 1997/98 4.1 4.2 4.0 5.1 4.2 4.4 0.976 0.100 0.02834 0.02477Nicaragua 2001 3.4 2.4 3.8 3.5 4.0 3.5 0.850 0.600 0.01790 0.02880Paraguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 1.3 0.8 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.182 0.200 -0.00637 0.05794Peru 2000 1.2 0.9 0.7 1.7 1.7 1.3 0.706 0.500 0.11143 0.03711

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA 12.9 10.8 8.3 6.4 5.3 8.8 2.443 7.603 -0.23632 0.03481Egypt 1995 2.6 1.9 1.7 0.4 0.4 1.4 6.585 2.179 -0.36587 0.06015Egypt 2000 1.4 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.6 14.000 1.300 -0.44855 0.07568Jordan 1997 3.3 2.5 2.2 1.0 2.2 2.3 1.500 1.100 na naMorocco 1992 6.2 2.9 4.9 3.3 1.8 3.9 3.444 4.400 -0.19357 0.05400Morocco 2003/04 7.8 7.9 7.1 6.9 5.7 7.0 1.372 2.112 -0.06160 0.01595Yemen 1997 39.0 32.1 23.5 17.2 13.1 25.2 2.977 25.900 -0.19883 0.01280

E. SOUTH ASIA 41.1 38.6 36.2 29.8 15.4 32.0 2.674 25.726 -0.15558 0.00665Bangladesh 1996/97 64.5 57.4 53.3 48.3 32.6 52.0 1.979 31.900 -0.11286 0.00838Bangladesh 1999/2000 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 2004 46.1 39.1 34.4 29.9 16.7 33.2 2.758 29.377 -0.18434 0.00707India 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1998/99 50.4 46.5 41.0 30.3 14.5 36.2 3.476 35.900 -0.20284 0.00254Nepal 1996 25.7 28.3 35.1 30.1 21.4 28.3 1.201 4.300 0.00331 0.01533Nepal 2001 26.8 30.1 33.1 29.1 14.9 26.7 1.799 11.900 -0.07957 0.01034Pakistan 1990/91 na na na na na na na na na na


MALNUTRITION AMONG WOMEN


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 17.5 15.8 14.2 12.9 9.0 13.8 1.946 8.507 -0.13246 0.02367Benin 1996 21.0 16.7 14.1 12.2 7.0 15.0 3.000 14.000 -0.17623 0.02888Benin 2001 16.3 12.8 12.2 9.1 5.9 10.7 2.763 10.400 -0.19187 0.02285Burkina Faso 1992/93 13.2 15.1 15.3 14.2 9.4 13.6 1.414 3.879 -0.07685 0.01941Burkina Faso 1998/99 15.6 15.5 14.1 11.0 9.2 13.3 1.696 6.400 -0.11188 0.02479Burkina Faso 2003 24.3 23.4 23.2 19.4 8.9 19.5 2.739 15.442 -0.14348 0.01021Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 12.4 9.8 6.4 3.9 4.3 7.9 2.884 8.100 -0.24570 0.04893Cameroon 2004 8.7 11.2 4.6 5.0 3.6 6.3 2.430 5.124 -0.16821 0.03254Central African Republic 1994/95 16.3 16.7 15.0 16.6 11.2 15.3 1.455 5.100 -0.05967 0.03028Chad 1996/97 27.5 19.4 19.0 18.5 21.0 21.1 1.310 6.500 -0.03067 0.01877Chad 2004 29.9 17.8 20.2 18.0 14.7 20.0 2.031 15.184 -0.13536 0.01702Comoros 1996 7.4 11.3 11.3 12.8 8.6 10.3 0.860 1.200 0.02650 0.06179Côte d'Ivoire 1994 11.0 9.2 7.8 5.4 5.7 8.0 1.930 5.300 -0.16170 0.03786Eritrea 1995 44.7 50.7 41.3 39.1 21.0 40.6 2.129 23.700 -0.13575 0.01643Ethiopia 2000 31.8 32.3 32.6 31.4 24.6 30.1 1.293 7.200 -0.10416 0.00711Gabon 2000 9.0 6.9 6.8 5.8 4.0 6.6 2.250 5.000 -0.15564 0.04357Ghana 1993 11.6 14.6 14.2 11.6 7.2 12.1 1.611 4.400 -0.07197 0.03526Ghana 1998 17.6 13.3 9.8 7.2 4.8 11.3 3.667 12.800 -0.20444 0.03336Ghana 2003 14.5 11.4 10.4 6.6 4.4 9.0 3.289 10.114 -0.23976 0.02470Guinea 1999 16.7 11.7 10.5 10.0 9.0 11.8 1.856 7.700 -0.12058 0.02880Kenya 1993 13.2 10.5 9.4 7.8 5.0 9.3 2.640 8.175 -0.15493 0.02880Kenya 1998 17.6 15.5 11.5 8.1 5.5 11.9 3.200 12.100 -0.17577 0.02802Kenya 2003 21.4 15.8 11.9 9.3 4.6 11.8 4.644 16.769 -0.28151 0.01756Madagascar 1997 24.3 22.8 18.4 18.9 15.1 20.6 1.609 9.200 -0.09077 0.02135Malawi 1992 14.1 11.3 8.1 8.9 6.0 9.7 2.350 8.100 -0.13888 0.03759Malawi 2000 10.4 9.5 10.2 8.1 6.0 8.8 1.733 4.400 -0.11082 0.01787Mali 1995/96 15.9 18.3 16.1 18.1 12.2 16.2 1.303 3.700 -0.04816 0.02055Mali 2001 13.0 13.7 13.5 13.3 10.2 12.6 1.275 2.800 -0.05788 0.01487Mauritania 2000/01 17.3 14.6 16.1 10.3 8.5 13.0 2.035 8.800 -0.12590 0.01758Mozambique 1997 17.2 13.8 11.4 6.1 4.2 10.9 4.095 13.000 -0.13469 0.02795Mozambique 2003 9.7 10.3 8.9 7.0 4.7 8.1 2.043 4.934 -0.13490 0.01735Namibia 1992 19.3 17.3 15.8 13.7 5.3 13.7 3.642 14.000 -0.20407 0.02971Namibia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNiger 1998 26.7 20.8 19.4 23.0 12.8 20.7 2.086 13.900 -0.10312 0.01848Nigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 20.0 16.2 14.4 12.3 8.6 14.0 2.319 11.376 -0.13913 0.01665Rwanda 2000 11.7 8.8 9.8 8.8 7.1 9.0 1.648 4.600 -0.09054 0.01840Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 12.2 7.7 9.3 9.1 7.1 9.2 1.718 5.100 -0.11289 0.03115Tanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 11.3 10.8 10.0 8.7 7.2 9.4 1.573 4.132 -0.08298 0.01953Togo 1998 13.3 12.2 9.8 9.9 7.9 10.9 1.684 5.400 -0.11718 0.02962Uganda 1995 12.7 11.8 10.2 9.3 5.8 10.1 2.190 6.900 -0.15921 0.02939Uganda 2000/01 15.4 14.6 9.2 9.1 4.9 10.4 3.143 10.500 -0.19705 0.02111Zambia 1996 10.2 10.2 10.1 7.4 7.9 9.1 1.291 2.300 -0.08297 0.03080Zambia 2001 21.3 19.1 15.9 10.7 10.4 15.0 2.048 10.900 -0.18175 0.01754Zimbabwe 1994 5.7 7.8 5.6 5.0 1.2 5.1 4.750 4.500 -0.18142 0.05510Zimbabwe 1999 8.5 5.5 5.4 6.1 4.1 5.8 2.073 4.400 -0.14078 0.03438

G. ALL COUNTRIES 15.7 14.1 12.8 11.5 8.2 12.4 1.924 7.538 -0.10488 0.02783

Part I: HNP Status


Nutritional Status

MALNUTRITION AMONG WOMEN (Cont.)

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B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA 30.8 30.4 31.7 29.1 26.4 29.5 1.166 4.380 -0.04890 0.01631Armenia 2000 14.4 12.7 11.2 7.9 6.1 10.2 2.361 8.300 -0.12418 0.02124Kazakhstan 1995 39.3 37.9 37.6 35.5 36.2 37.1 1.086 3.100 -0.03666 0.01186Kazakhstan 1999 30.3 25.8 26.7 27.0 24.2 26.6 1.252 6.100 -0.06780 0.02022Kyrgyzstan 1997 28.3 26.4 32.1 29.5 23.0 27.7 1.230 5.300 -0.00658 0.01415Turkey 1993 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 38.7 38.2 41.0 37.6 34.0 37.8 1.138 4.700 na naUzbekistan 1996 42.1 48.9 47.3 43.5 44.6 45.3 0.944 2.500 0.00296 0.00965

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 1998 25.3 23.7 23.7 19.4 13.8 20.6 1.833 11.500 -0.12117 0.01837Bolivia 2003 11.7 10.2 8.0 7.7 5.0 8.1 2.328 6.673 -0.13577 0.02508Brazil 1996 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2005 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 2002 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 36.0 34.3 35.8 39.4 35.6 36.3 1.011 0.400 0.00160 0.01120Nicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 2001 na na na na na na na na na naParaguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na -0.07805 0.02067Peru 2000 29.6 30.2 23.9 23.1 22.9 25.4 1.293 6.700 -0.07146 0.01323




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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naBenin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 40.5 38.5 40.5 41.0 42.5 40.7 0.953 2.000 0.01685 0.01262Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 17.8 14.9 16.1 17.3 14.7 16.0 1.209 3.085 -0.01533 0.02026Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 11.0 12.9 13.7 13.6 14.9 13.3 0.743 3.823 0.04880 0.02196Central African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naChad 2004 na na na na na na na na na naComoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGabon 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 17.4 14.9 15.0 12.2 12.1 14.1 1.441 5.332 -0.08481 0.01876Guinea 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 2003 na na na na na na na na na naMadagascar 1997 33.6 33.6 32.6 28.2 16.9 30.1 1.988 16.700 -0.08674 0.01486Malawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 na na na na na na na na na naMali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na na naMali 2001 42.8 41.0 38.1 40.3 33.3 39.1 1.285 9.500 -0.02485 0.01202Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNiger 1998 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 na na na na na na na na na naRwanda 2000 na na na na na na na na na naSenegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 36.5 35.5 31.8 28.4 29.6 32.1 1.234 6.908 -0.02762 0.00875Togo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 24.9 24.0 23.0 23.5 15.9 22.1 1.566 9.000 -0.08627 0.01262Zambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 na na na na na na na na na na


Part I: HNP Status


Nutritional Status

MILD ANEMIA AMONG WOMEN (Cont.)

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C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 1998 11.4 5.3 5.7 4.1 3.1 5.5 3.677 8.300 -0.20524 0.03827Bolivia 2003 7.7 7.0 7.4 4.4 4.2 5.9 1.831 3.495 -0.15454 0.02977Brazil 1996 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2005 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 2002 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 13.6 17.8 13.4 17.4 16.1 15.8 0.845 2.500 0.01206 0.01865Nicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 2001 na na na na na na na na na naParaguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na -0.10047 0.04387Peru 2000 8.5 4.8 6.3 5.9 4.5 5.9 1.889 4.000 -0.12467 0.02964




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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naBenin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 21.2 21.4 21.8 18.9 25.0 21.8 0.848 3.800 0.02026 0.02010Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 15.4 15.1 14.5 17.8 12.0 14.7 1.274 3.305 -0.01182 0.02094Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 10.9 11.9 11.7 11.4 11.1 11.4 0.985 0.171 -0.00977 0.02303Central African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naChad 2004 na na na na na na na na na naComoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGabon 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 11.1 10.1 9.7 8.4 6.8 9.0 1.617 4.221 -0.05472 0.02360Guinea 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 2003 na na na na na na na na na naMadagascar 1997 11.4 13.3 11.6 11.3 6.3 11.1 1.810 5.100 -0.09420 0.02687Malawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 na na na na na na na na na naMali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na na naMali 2001 21.9 24.6 25.2 20.7 13.4 20.8 1.634 8.500 -0.10443 0.01799Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNiger 1998 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 na na na na na na na na na naRwanda 2000 na na na na na na na na na naSenegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 14.0 14.2 13.3 12.6 15.3 14.0 0.914 1.315 0.00282 0.01425Togo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 7.8 9.7 7.1 8.1 5.0 7.5 1.560 2.800 -0.09321 0.02375Zambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 na na na na na na na na na na



Nutritional Status

MODERATE ANEMIA AMONG WOMEN (Cont.)

Part I: HNP Status

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C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 1998 1.1 1.4 1.3 0.3 0.4 0.9 2.750 0.700 -0.15017 0.08246Bolivia 2003 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.031 0.009 0.02188 0.11135Brazil 1996 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2005 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 2002 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 3.0 2.6 2.8 3.6 3.0 3.0 1.000 0.000 0.02233 0.04373Nicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 2001 na na na na na na na na na naParaguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na -0.00777 0.14725Peru 2000 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.3 1.500 0.100 -0.11701 0.13370




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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naBenin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 1.5 3.1 1.7 2.2 1.0 1.8 1.500 0.500 -0.07694 0.06654Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 1.7 0.7 1.3 1.5 0.6 1.1 2.989 1.133 -0.12707 0.08120Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 1.1 1.1 0.4 1.2 0.6 0.8 1.774 0.458 -0.04694 0.09092Central African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naChad 2004 na na na na na na na na na naComoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGabon 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 0.5 0.6 1.2 0.5 1.2 0.8 0.414 0.698 0.05828 0.07589Guinea 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 2003 na na na na na na na na na naMadagascar 1997 1.3 0.6 0.3 1.1 0.8 0.9 1.625 0.500 -0.14633 0.12052Malawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 na na na na na na na na na naMali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na na naMali 2001 2.7 4.2 2.8 2.4 2.2 2.8 1.227 0.500 -0.11953 0.05887Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNiger 1998 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 na na na na na na na na na naRwanda 2000 na na na na na na na na na naSenegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 1.6 1.3 0.9 0.6 1.2 1.1 1.319 0.384 -0.06589 0.05810Togo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 0.8 1.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.7 1.600 0.300 -0.16026 0.07492Zambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 na na na na na na na na na na



Nutritional Status

SEVERE ANEMIA AMONG WOMEN (Cont.)

Part I: HNP Status

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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC na na na na na na na na na naCambodia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naIndonesia 1997 na na na na na na na na na naIndonesia 2002/03 na na na na na na na na na naPhilippines 1998 na na na na na na na na na naPhilippines 2003 na na na na na na na na na naVietnam 1997 na na na na na na na na na naVietnam 2002 na na na na na na na na na na

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na na naArmenia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKyrgyzstan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1993 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 na na na na na na na na na naUzbekistan 1996 na na na na na na na na na na

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 na na na na na na na na na naBrazil 1996 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2005 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 2002 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 2001 na na na na na na na na na naParaguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 2000 na na na na na na na na na na

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naEgypt 1995 39.2 39.9 39.9 39.6 26.1 36.6 1.502 13.100 -0.04643 0.00617Egypt 2000 57.3 57.6 53.9 46.3 33.9 49.5 1.690 23.400 -0.09487 0.00540Jordan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMorocco 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMorocco 2003/04 na na na na na na na na na naYemen 1997 24.8 17.8 11.2 11.8 18.9 16.9 1.312 5.900 -0.04052 0.01508

E. SOUTH ASIA na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1999/2000 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 2004 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 1996 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 2001 na na na na na na na na na naPakistan 1990/91 na na na na na na na na na na

Female CircumcisionPart I: HNP Status

PREVALENCE OF CIRCUMCISION AMONG GIRLS


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naBenin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 15.4 12.8 11.2 4.2 0.4 8.7 38.500 15.000 -0.34621 0.03459Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 28.2 26.6 24.8 23.7 20.2 24.7 1.396 8.000 -0.08653 0.01170Burkina Faso 2003 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 na na na na na na na na na naCentral African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naChad 2004 47.4 25.4 14.3 13.0 18.1 24.6 2.614 29.244 -0.19894 0.01740Comoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 68.7 70.9 71.9 73.7 74.3 71.6 0.925 5.600 0.00835 0.00689Ethiopia 2000 58.0 53.1 50.9 52.2 44.9 51.9 1.292 13.100 -0.04460 0.00629Gabon 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 na na na na na na na na na naGuinea 1999 53.9 57.7 55.7 55.8 54.7 55.5 0.985 0.800 0.00511 0.00819Kenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 16.0 15.4 16.3 10.3 6.8 13.0 2.353 9.200 -0.12411 0.02258Kenya 2003 na na na na na na na na na naMadagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 na na na na na na na na na naMali 1995/96 67.6 74.1 76.5 78.9 79.1 75.2 0.855 11.500 0.02211 0.00480Mali 2001 76.3 73.3 66.0 67.9 79.2 72.4 0.963 2.900 -0.02529 0.00394Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNiger 1998 17.5 23.1 17.8 17.2 4.7 14.9 3.723 12.800 -0.26152 0.03329Nigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 19.0 15.8 18.2 16.9 21.2 18.5 0.894 2.239 -0.04871 0.02832Rwanda 2000 na na na na na na na na na naSenegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 11.6 5.7 7.8 6.5 2.4 6.8 4.833 9.200 -0.25069 0.03200Tanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 10.8 9.3 5.9 4.0 1.1 5.7 10.284 9.763 -0.40958 0.03704Togo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 na na na na na na na na na na


Part I: HNP Status


Female Circumcision

PREVALENCE OF CIRCUMCISION AMONG GIRLS (Cont.)

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C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 na na na na na na na na na naBrazil 1996 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2005 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 2002 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 2001 na na na na na na na na na naParaguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 2000 na na na na na na na na na na

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naEgypt 1995 99.3 99.6 99.6 98.8 88.9 97.0 1.117 10.400 -0.00531 0.00160Egypt 2000 98.0 99.1 99.2 98.7 92.2 97.3 1.063 5.800 -0.00562 0.00136Jordan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMorocco 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMorocco 2003/04 na na na na na na na na na naYemen 1997 31.3 22.8 14.7 17.2 26.5 22.6 1.181 4.800 -0.00705 0.01197



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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naBenin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 25.7 25.5 22.0 13.1 3.3 16.8 7.788 22.400 -0.28738 0.01557Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 64.9 69.4 70.6 72.3 80.3 71.6 0.808 15.400 0.03422 0.00468Burkina Faso 2003 77.3 80.1 80.6 81.7 76.9 79.2 1.005 0.401 0.00123 0.00299Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 9.3 13.8 14.5 26.4 44.3 23.3 0.209 35.052 0.33531 0.01459Central African Republic 1994/95 49.3 46.8 50.4 40.7 29.3 43.4 1.683 20.000 -0.09596 0.00900Chad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naChad 2004 88.1 58.6 34.2 31.6 43.8 53.1 2.012 44.305 -0.14678 0.00661Comoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 60.8 36.3 44.8 44.7 29.8 42.7 2.040 31.000 -0.09584 0.00812Eritrea 1995 96.1 96.3 94.5 94.4 92.0 94.5 1.045 4.100 -0.01473 0.00231Ethiopia 2000 82.9 78.7 76.7 81.8 79.5 79.9 1.043 3.400 0.01260 0.00239Gabon 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 na na na na na na na na na naGuinea 1999 98.5 99.6 98.6 97.9 98.4 98.6 1.001 0.100 -0.00176 0.00094Kenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 45.4 42.9 44.4 35.5 24.1 37.6 1.884 21.300 -0.10931 0.00866Kenya 2003 na na na na na na na na na naMadagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 na na na na na na na na na naMali 1995/96 88.0 95.7 96.5 95.8 92.8 93.7 0.948 4.800 0.00045 0.00264Mali 2001 95.9 93.8 89.7 88.4 90.6 91.6 1.058 5.300 -0.02023 0.00158Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNiger 1998 4.9 6.3 4.6 4.0 2.3 4.5 2.130 2.600 -0.16824 0.03060Nigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 11.7 11.5 13.4 22.4 33.1 19.0 0.352 21.442 0.18224 0.01563Rwanda 2000 na na na na na na na na na naSenegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 31.7 16.0 17.4 15.6 10.6 17.7 2.991 21.100 -0.16659 0.01472Tanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 20.5 18.4 16.3 12.8 7.8 14.6 2.625 12.676 -0.21633 0.01431Togo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 na na na na na na na na na na


Part I: HNP Status


Female Circumcision

PREVALENCE OF CIRCUMCISION AMONG WOMEN (Cont.)

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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC na na na na na na na na na naCambodia 2000 * * * * * * - - na naIndonesia 1997 * * * * * * - - na naIndonesia 2002/03 na na na na na na na na na naPhilippines 1998 * * * * * * - - na naPhilippines 2003 na na na na na na na na na naVietnam 1997 * * * * * * - - na naVietnam 2002 * * * * * * - - na na

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na na naArmenia 2000 * * * * * * - - na naKazakhstan 1995 * * * * * * - - na naKazakhstan 1999 * * * * * * - - na naKyrgyzstan 1997 * * * * * * - - na naTurkey 1993 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1998 * * * * * * - - na naTurkmenistan 2000 * * * * * * - - na naUzbekistan 1996 * * * * * * - - na na

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 1998 * * * * * * - - na naBolivia 2003 na na na na na na na na na naBrazil 1996 * * * * * * - - na naColombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 * * * * * * - - na naColombia 2005 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 1996 * * * * * * - - na naDominican Republic 2002 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 * * * * * * - - na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 * * * * * * - - na naNicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 2001 * * * * * * - - na naParaguay 1990 * * * * * * - - na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 2000 * * * * * * - - na na

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naEgypt 1995 1.4 2.6 2.8 1.6 3.4 2.3 0.412 2.000 0.08728 0.04500Egypt 2000 na na na na na na na na na naJordan 1997 * * * * * * - - na naMorocco 1992 * * * * * * - - na naMorocco 2003/04 na na na na na na na na na naYemen 1997 na na na na na na na na na na

E. SOUTH ASIA na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1999/2000 * * * * * * - - na naBangladesh 2004 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1992/93 * * * * * * - - na naIndia 1998/99 * * * * * * - - na naNepal 1996 * * * * * * - - na naNepal 2001 * * * * * * - - na naPakistan 1990/91 * * * * * * - - na na


PREVALENCE OF OCCLUSION AMONG GIRLS


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naBenin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 1.2 4.6 4.7 * * 3.8 - - 0.28573 0.19462Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 - 0.000 na naBurkina Faso 2003 3.8 3.3 5.6 2.3 2.1 3.6 1.800 1.708 -0.07119 0.05480Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 na na na na na na na na na naCentral African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naChad 2004 4.5 3.9 0.9 7.0 3.7 4.1 1.199 0.738 0.09553 0.09290Comoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 1.6 2.9 6.0 4.2 2.3 3.3 0.696 0.700 -0.71200 0.09577Gabon 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 na na na na na na na na na naGuinea 1999 8.6 4.5 4.0 5.2 1.8 5.0 4.778 6.800 -0.18591 0.05259Kenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 - 0.000 na naKenya 2003 na na na na na na na na na naMadagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 * * * * * * - - na naMali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na na naMali 2001 3.4 3.7 5.8 4.7 5.2 4.5 0.654 1.800 -0.02793 0.03738Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 * * * * * * - - na naNiger 1998 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 3.1 3.5 7.9 3.0 2.1 3.6 1.459 0.981 -0.59804 0.17453Rwanda 2000 * * * * * * - - na naSenegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1999 * * * * * * - - na naTanzania 2004 1.6 0.0 (5.4) 0.0 * 2.4 - - 0.17434 0.24674Togo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 * * * * * * - - na naZambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 na na na na na na na na na na



Female Circumcision

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Part I: HNP Status

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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC na na na na na na na na na naCambodia 2000 * * * * * * - - na naIndonesia 1997 * * * * * * - - na naIndonesia 2002/03 na na na na na na na na na naPhilippines 1998 * * * * * * - - na naPhilippines 2003 na na na na na na na na na naVietnam 1997 * * * * * * - - na naVietnam 2002 * * * * * * - - na na

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na na naArmenia 2000 * * * * * * - - na naKazakhstan 1995 * * * * * * - - na naKazakhstan 1999 * * * * * * - - na naKyrgyzstan 1997 * * * * * * - - na naTurkey 1993 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1998 * * * * * * - - na naTurkmenistan 2000 * * * * * * - - na naUzbekistan 1996 * * * * * * - - na na

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 1998 * * * * * * - - na naBolivia 2003 na na na na na na na na na naBrazil 1996 * * * * * * - - na naColombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 * * * * * * - - na naColombia 2005 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 1996 * * * * * * - - na naDominican Republic 2002 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 * * * * * * - - na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 * * * * * * - - na naNicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 2001 * * * * * * - - na naParaguay 1990 * * * * * * - - na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 2000 * * * * * * - - na na

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naEgypt 1995 0.3 0.6 0.7 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.300 0.700 0.21709 0.05325Egypt 2000 na na na na na na na na na naJordan 1997 * * * * * * - - na naMorocco 1992 * * * * * * - - na naMorocco 2003/04 na na na na na na na na na naYemen 1997 na na na na na na na na na na

E. SOUTH ASIA na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1999/2000 * * * * * * - - na naBangladesh 2004 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1992/93 * * * * * * - - na naIndia 1998/99 * * * * * * - - na naNepal 1996 * * * * * * - - na naNepal 2001 * * * * * * - - na naPakistan 1990/91 * * * * * * - - na na


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naBenin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 2.4 2.7 4.9 4.0 (4.5) 3.5 0.533 6.900 -0.21009 0.08073Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.167 0.500 0.34979 0.18130Burkina Faso 2003 2.1 2.7 2.0 1.6 1.7 2.0 1.248 0.415 -0.07287 0.03948Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 na na na na na na na na na naCentral African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naChad 2004 1.0 1.8 1.8 2.5 5.7 2.3 0.182 4.698 0.56438 0.08772Comoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 60.3 57.3 32.0 23.8 5.8 34.0 10.397 54.500 -0.47698 0.01119Ethiopia 2000 2.1 2.7 4.4 3.6 2.4 3.0 0.875 0.300 -0.66463 0.05950Gabon 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 na na na na na na na na na naGuinea 1999 8.3 7.5 7.9 6.6 3.6 6.7 2.306 4.700 -0.12738 0.02537Kenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 2003 na na na na na na na na na naMadagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 * * * * * * - - na naMali 1995/96 0.2 1.0 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.400 0.300 0.02011 0.07736Mali 2001 1.3 1.4 2.0 1.9 2.6 1.9 0.500 1.300 0.08356 0.04203Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 * * * * * * - - na naNiger 1998 2.9 1.3 1.4 2.0 9.3 2.6 0.312 6.400 0.09470 0.24376Nigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 2.6 4.2 4.7 4.1 4.0 4.0 0.646 1.404 0.01989 0.07437Rwanda 2000 * * * * * * - - na naSenegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 8.7 3.2 6.4 3.1 1.9 5.3 4.579 6.800 -0.40735 0.07891Tanzania 1999 * * * * * * - - na naTanzania 2004 1.0 1.2 1.8 1.8 5.4 2.0 0.188 4.389 0.21595 0.11430Togo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 * * * * * * - - na naZambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 na na na na na na na na na na



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B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na na naArmenia 2000 28.1 25.0 21.2 22.0 17.5 22.6 1.606 10.600 -0.07675 0.01581Kazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1999 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.3 - 0.200 0.21100 0.14319Kyrgyzstan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1993 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 - 0.300 na naUzbekistan 1996 na na na na na na na na na na

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 9.1 9.3 9.7 9.3 7.6 9.0 1.190 1.445 -0.09167 0.03361Bolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 na na na na na na na na na naBrazil 1996 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 4.000 0.300 -0.31524 0.12665Colombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 25.3 29.2 29.9 27.9 23.6 27.2 1.072 1.700 -0.01012 0.00968Colombia 2005 5.5 4.9 5.3 4.6 3.9 4.8 1.431 1.667 -0.06970 0.01368Dominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na 0.07088 0.40304Dominican Republic 2002 8.9 7.9 6.5 6.6 4.3 6.6 2.066 4.605 -0.11996 0.01491Guatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.8 2.6 1.5 0.308 1.800 0.25465 0.07442Haiti 2000 7.7 7.0 6.6 7.8 6.4 7.1 1.203 1.300 -0.03008 0.02352Nicaragua 1997/98 12.6 11.3 11.4 9.4 9.1 10.7 1.385 3.500 -0.07293 0.01658Nicaragua 2001 13.8 12.9 12.9 11.9 10.3 12.2 1.340 3.500 -0.08383 0.01540Paraguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 - 0.000 0.14466 0.15003Peru 2000 18.0 22.8 26.7 25.0 20.7 22.9 0.870 2.700 0.06878 0.00750

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naEgypt 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEgypt 2000 na na na na na na na na na naJordan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMorocco 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMorocco 2003/04 na na na na na na na na na naYemen 1997 na na na na na na na na na na

E. SOUTH ASIA na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1999/2000 32.1 34.9 32.6 32.4 28.7 32.1 1.118 3.400 -0.02544 0.00805Bangladesh 2004 20.4 19.3 19.6 20.2 18.5 19.6 1.106 1.963 -0.03037 0.01069India 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 1996 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 2001 na na na na na na na na na naPakistan 1990/91 na na na na na na na na na na

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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 4.4 4.5 4.4 5.4 6.3 5.0 0.701 1.883 0.08173 0.05236Benin 1996 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.667 0.100 0.09480 0.25836Benin 2001 1.0 1.2 0.8 2.6 4.9 2.3 0.204 3.900 0.39768 0.05943Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.6 0.2 - 0.600 0.77768 0.24706Burkina Faso 2003 1.2 1.4 1.7 2.1 9.1 3.4 0.130 7.886 0.46090 0.03274Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 0.7 0.9 0.7 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.583 0.500 0.13483 0.07978Cameroon 2004 3.8 6.9 9.7 10.0 11.2 8.6 0.343 7.361 0.13801 0.01876Central African Republic 1994/95 4.6 5.1 3.6 6.6 4.6 4.9 1.000 0.000 0.01970 0.03442Chad 1996/97 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.333 0.400 0.26177 0.11348Chad 2004 4.0 4.8 2.1 3.8 7.5 4.5 0.539 3.449 0.18468 0.03452Comoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGabon 2000 16.5 17.1 15.4 16.5 15.0 16.1 1.100 1.500 -0.03011 0.01717Ghana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 5.1 5.8 5.1 5.1 6.6 5.6 0.768 1.523 0.05050 0.03147Guinea 1999 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.7 0.0 0.3 - 0.500 -0.10748 0.13216Kenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 1.4 1.1 1.1 0.5 1.4 1.1 1.000 0.000 -0.07278 0.07107Kenya 2003 2.9 2.4 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.6 1.137 0.349 0.03515 0.03671Madagascar 1997 1.6 1.7 1.9 0.8 0.8 1.3 2.000 0.800 -0.13372 0.05837Malawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 5.0 5.1 5.3 5.2 3.5 4.8 1.429 1.500 -0.00874 0.02200Mali 1995/96 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.500 0.100 0.05412 0.10682Mali 2001 20.4 17.8 18.6 20.1 29.9 21.5 0.682 9.500 0.08064 0.01096Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 4.9 5.7 4.0 6.9 9.5 6.3 0.512 4.647 0.19174 0.02203Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNiger 1998 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 2.000 0.100 -0.19808 0.23476Nigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 2.3 2.2 2.5 1.4 2.9 2.3 0.800 0.577 0.01436 0.04530Rwanda 2000 1.9 1.5 1.5 2.1 3.5 2.1 0.543 1.600 0.27095 0.05190Senegal 1997 0.2 0.3 0.3 1.4 1.3 0.7 0.154 1.100 0.22760 0.07665South Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 2.2 1.5 1.8 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.467 0.700 -0.05896 0.05256Tanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 3.3 2.6 3.3 3.4 3.8 3.3 0.861 0.530 -0.01837 0.02942Togo 1998 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.2 3.000 0.200 0.08491 0.10746Uganda 1995 0.9 0.3 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.7 2.250 0.500 -0.05195 0.08960Uganda 2000/01 7.9 9.6 9.9 13.6 13.2 10.9 0.598 5.300 0.08201 0.01938Zambia 1996 1.3 1.4 1.8 1.4 0.7 1.3 1.857 0.600 -0.08770 0.05784Zambia 2001 3.1 2.4 2.0 3.8 2.5 2.8 1.240 0.600 0.03235 0.04426Zimbabwe 1994 1.3 1.7 2.1 1.7 1.0 1.5 1.300 0.300 -0.02636 0.05993Zimbabwe 1999 6.6 4.4 5.4 8.2 6.2 6.3 1.065 0.400 0.02338 0.03198

G. ALL COUNTRIES 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.8 6.9 6.5 0.909 0.628 0.04361 0.04914


Sexually Transmitted Disease

PREVALENCE OF GENITAL DISCHARGE AMONG WOMEN (Cont.)

Part I: HNP Status

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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC na na na na na na na na na naCambodia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naIndonesia 1997 na na na na na na na na na naIndonesia 2002/03 na na na na na na na na na naPhilippines 1998 na na na na na na na na na naPhilippines 2003 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.3 0.5 0.8 2.684 0.759 -0.19553 0.09582Vietnam 1997 na na na na na na na na na naVietnam 2002 na na na na na na na na na na

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na na naArmenia 2000 0.9 0.4 0.0 0.4 0.5 0.4 1.800 0.400 -0.12186 0.30349Kazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1999 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.3 - 0.200 0.59225 0.34072Kyrgyzstan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1993 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 na na na na na na na na na naUzbekistan 1996 na na na na na na na na na na

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 1.1 0.7 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.1 0.908 0.115 -0.02845 0.06215Brazil 1996 1.6 2.1 2.5 1.7 2.0 2.0 0.800 0.400 -0.02620 0.08018Colombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2005 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 1996 0.3 2.1 0.7 1.9 0.0 1.0 - 0.300 -0.07340 0.08411Dominican Republic 2002 0.4 0.5 2.3 0.4 0.1 0.7 3.629 0.280 0.00910 0.09201Guatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 2.3 6.1 9.8 7.9 5.7 6.6 0.404 3.400 0.06561 0.05088Haiti 2000 5.6 10.3 9.1 5.5 2.7 6.6 2.074 2.900 -0.06662 0.03914Nicaragua 1997/98 2.1 2.2 3.1 1.5 1.0 2.0 2.100 1.100 -0.18411 0.07635Nicaragua 2001 na na na na na na na na na naParaguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.4 1.5 0.8 0.667 0.500 0.16112 0.17774Peru 2000 na na na na na na na na na na




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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 3.1 2.9 3.0 3.6 3.2 3.2 0.986 0.045 0.01413 0.08218Benin 1996 4.1 3.4 4.1 5.1 2.5 3.8 1.640 1.600 -0.01143 0.05686Benin 2001 1.9 1.1 2.1 3.3 3.9 2.5 0.487 2.000 0.19400 0.07731Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 0.0 1.7 2.0 1.5 3.4 1.9 - 3.400 0.31258 0.09058Burkina Faso 2003 1.4 0.4 1.6 2.5 2.0 1.6 0.675 0.665 0.16394 0.07216Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 4.2 6.9 11.7 11.0 10.2 9.2 0.412 6.000 0.10972 0.03577Cameroon 2004 2.8 2.7 4.0 4.2 5.3 4.0 0.536 2.442 0.12354 0.04120Central African Republic 1994/95 13.3 9.4 10.2 16.4 8.8 11.4 1.511 4.500 -0.01806 0.04090Chad 1996/97 2.3 1.7 1.4 1.8 4.2 2.4 0.548 1.900 0.19807 0.08728Chad 2004 2.3 0.9 2.0 1.6 2.1 1.8 1.106 0.223 0.17416 0.10403Comoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 0.0 1.8 0.0 0.4 0.6 0.6 - 0.600 0.03671 0.27844Ethiopia 2000 2.3 1.0 4.3 0.0 3.1 2.2 0.742 0.800 -0.07162 0.08003Gabon 2000 6.2 8.3 7.7 7.1 4.9 6.9 1.265 1.300 -0.06428 0.04721Ghana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 2.4 2.5 1.6 2.8 1.2 2.1 1.903 1.124 -0.06619 0.05402Guinea 1999 6.0 5.8 4.6 6.2 5.8 5.7 1.034 0.200 -0.01572 0.06059Kenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 4.0 5.9 5.5 5.2 3.0 4.6 1.333 1.000 -0.02445 0.04653Kenya 2003 2.6 2.2 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.615 0.978 -0.07433 0.06652Madagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 3.9 4.2 2.8 2.8 5.5 4.0 0.709 1.600 0.00614 0.05601Mali 1995/96 2.1 1.5 2.9 2.3 2.3 2.2 0.913 0.200 0.12395 0.08761Mali 2001 4.3 5.5 5.5 4.3 4.1 4.7 1.049 0.200 -0.02848 0.04762Mauritania 2000/01 2.5 3.3 1.5 2.8 4.1 3.0 0.610 1.600 0.13912 0.10318Mozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 2.8 2.2 2.2 4.7 6.5 3.9 0.437 3.666 0.14143 0.05292Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 1.4 0.9 1.4 0.9 0.4 0.9 3.500 1.000 -0.29285 0.13897Niger 1998 2.5 1.8 1.6 1.4 2.7 2.0 0.926 0.200 0.13122 0.08327Nigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 3.0 2.7 2.8 1.6 1.3 2.2 2.334 1.731 -0.12645 0.07117Rwanda 2000 na na na na na na na na 0.06168 0.13420Senegal 1997 1.0 1.5 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.429 0.300 -0.10868 0.09831South Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 5.7 7.8 8.6 6.3 6.8 7.1 0.838 1.100 -0.01894 0.04698Tanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 1.7 2.8 1.5 3.8 0.8 2.1 1.977 0.828 -0.09177 0.06713Togo 1998 1.8 1.6 2.6 3.9 4.1 2.9 0.439 2.300 0.17640 0.05220Uganda 1995 2.6 1.3 1.9 2.9 2.8 2.3 0.929 0.200 0.04209 0.07899Uganda 2000/01 1.0 2.2 0.3 2.1 1.2 1.4 0.833 0.200 -0.02550 0.10426Zambia 1996 4.9 5.5 6.4 6.9 4.1 5.5 1.195 0.800 -0.03382 0.05426Zambia 2001 2.3 1.8 3.7 9.2 3.4 4.2 0.676 1.100 0.16667 0.05891Zimbabwe 1994 2.6 5.1 6.8 5.3 5.5 5.2 0.473 2.900 0.07609 0.05652Zimbabwe 1999 5.7 3.8 6.2 3.1 2.0 3.8 2.850 3.700 -0.17787 0.06405

G. ALL COUNTRIES 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.1 2.7 2.8 1.045 0.119 0.01213 0.09460

Part I: HNP Status



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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC na na na na na na na na na naCambodia 2000 2.8 2.4 2.9 2.4 3.9 2.9 0.718 1.100 0.07208 0.03120Indonesia 1997 na na na na na na na na na naIndonesia 2002/03 na na na na na na na na na naPhilippines 1998 na na na na na na na na na naPhilippines 2003 na na na na na na na na na naVietnam 1997 na na na na na na na na na naVietnam 2002 na na na na na na na na na na

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na na naArmenia 2000 9.5 10.3 7.6 9.2 7.5 8.8 1.267 2.000 -0.03460 0.02806Kazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1999 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.1 - 0.000 -0.15622 0.22715Kyrgyzstan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1993 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 na na na na na na na na na naUzbekistan 1996 na na na na na na na na na na

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.190 0.251 -0.06679 0.06140Bolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 na na na na na na na na na naBrazil 1996 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.500 0.100 -0.13061 0.15787Colombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 0.9 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.8 1.1 1.125 0.100 -0.03985 0.05428Colombia 2005 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.811 0.135 0.00452 0.03799Dominican Republic 1996 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.250 0.300 0.06270 0.11801Dominican Republic 2002 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.5 1.274 0.142 -0.09118 0.06434Guatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 - 0.000 0.40674 0.40693Haiti 2000 2.8 2.3 2.5 1.6 1.7 2.1 1.647 1.100 -0.09028 0.04610Nicaragua 1997/98 2.1 2.0 1.5 1.7 1.2 1.7 1.750 0.900 -0.11989 0.04240Nicaragua 2001 2.9 2.4 2.5 1.3 1.1 1.9 2.636 1.800 -0.21485 0.04142Paraguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 - 0.000 0.48717 0.61979Peru 2000 2.4 2.4 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.4 0.649 1.300 0.12165 0.02069




PREVALENCE OF GENITAL ULCER AMONG WOMEN


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 2.5 2.8 2.6 3.3 3.4 2.9 0.753 0.837 0.11100 0.08315Benin 1996 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 - 0.200 0.75107 0.53472Benin 2001 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.6 1.9 0.9 0.263 1.400 0.25195 0.09147Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 - 0.100 1.46664 1.03804Burkina Faso 2003 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5 2.5 0.9 0.086 2.280 0.54494 0.06877Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 0.3 0.7 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.600 0.200 0.01132 0.09973Cameroon 2004 1.8 2.3 2.8 3.6 3.6 2.9 0.493 1.845 0.10163 0.03358Central African Republic 1994/95 1.9 2.9 2.9 2.3 1.8 2.3 1.056 0.100 -0.03190 0.04560Chad 1996/97 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.500 0.100 0.41750 0.36663Chad 2004 1.0 0.9 0.6 0.5 1.5 0.9 0.680 0.475 0.06485 0.07473Comoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGabon 2000 4.2 6.2 5.8 5.1 7.1 5.8 0.592 2.900 0.04439 0.03037Ghana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 1.6 2.0 1.7 2.6 2.4 2.1 0.657 0.822 0.08455 0.05012Guinea 1999 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.750 0.200 0.00756 0.09263Kenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 0.3 0.6 0.9 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.600 0.200 0.05451 0.07549Kenya 2003 2.6 2.3 1.3 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.379 0.712 -0.06333 0.04080Madagascar 1997 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.727 0.300 0.08766 0.07299Malawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 7.2 8.9 8.7 9.3 6.4 8.1 1.125 0.800 0.02658 0.01676Mali 1995/96 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 1.000 0.000 0.05448 0.13475Mali 2001 8.2 9.0 8.0 9.1 9.9 8.8 0.828 1.700 0.01579 0.01771Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 1.7 1.3 1.8 2.4 2.3 1.9 0.750 0.569 0.09218 0.03683Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNiger 1998 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.2 1.000 0.000 -0.02839 0.10590Nigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 2.8 2.6 2.6 1.9 2.5 2.5 1.094 0.238 -0.05850 0.04017Rwanda 2000 1.6 0.9 0.8 1.0 2.3 1.3 0.696 0.700 0.18246 0.06884Senegal 1997 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.500 0.100 0.15655 0.18173South Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 1.1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.7 2.200 0.600 -0.19328 0.08562Tanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 1.9 2.0 1.7 1.8 1.5 1.8 1.239 0.369 -0.08787 0.03997Togo 1998 na na na na na na na na 0.88111 0.62290Uganda 1995 1.9 1.4 3.3 2.8 3.9 2.6 0.487 2.000 0.15888 0.04276Uganda 2000/01 6.4 7.8 7.3 12.9 14.7 10.0 0.435 8.300 0.14485 0.02049Zambia 1996 0.7 0.9 1.3 1.7 1.0 1.1 0.700 0.300 0.08094 0.05883Zambia 2001 3.2 3.2 3.3 5.4 3.6 3.8 0.889 0.400 0.07268 0.03559Zimbabwe 1994 0.4 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.667 0.200 0.00532 0.07804Zimbabwe 1999 5.1 3.0 2.8 5.1 2.9 3.8 1.759 2.200 -0.04785 0.04137

G. ALL COUNTRIES 2.7 2.8 2.7 3.0 3.1 2.9 0.872 0.394 0.05616 0.07826

Part I: HNP Status



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B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na na naArmenia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1999 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.1 0.3 - 1.100 0.46293 0.26798Kyrgyzstan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1993 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 na na na na na na na na na naUzbekistan 1996 na na na na na na na na na na

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 0.8 0.7 0.4 1.6 1.1 0.9 0.682 0.357 0.06238 0.06750Brazil 1996 0.6 0.8 0.0 1.4 1.1 0.8 0.545 0.500 0.18479 0.14111Colombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2005 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 1996 1.8 0.5 0.4 0.2 1.4 0.9 1.286 0.400 -0.01970 0.11624Dominican Republic 2002 0.1 0.3 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.4 - 0.122 -0.00186 0.11586Guatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 1.1 1.7 1.6 2.5 2.1 1.8 0.524 1.000 0.10633 0.11555Haiti 2000 6.4 6.1 4.4 1.6 1.3 4.0 4.923 5.100 -0.12829 0.05268Nicaragua 1997/98 1.6 0.6 1.1 0.3 0.9 0.9 1.778 0.700 -0.05461 0.12496Nicaragua 2001 na na na na na na na na na naParaguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 0.9 0.9 1.5 1.1 3.3 1.6 0.273 2.400 0.18490 0.08586Peru 2000 na na na na na na na na na na




PREVALENCE OF GENITAL ULCER AMONG MEN


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.4 2.3 2.1 0.833 0.383 0.07969 0.12310Benin 1996 1.8 0.6 2.1 2.0 1.3 1.6 1.385 0.500 0.02482 0.08774Benin 2001 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.8 1.8 1.4 0.556 0.800 0.11367 0.10755Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 0.0 0.5 0.3 0.2 1.9 0.7 - 1.900 0.67753 0.18981Burkina Faso 2003 0.5 1.1 0.8 1.6 1.7 1.2 0.288 1.203 0.09700 0.07987Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 1.1 1.7 3.5 3.6 4.4 3.0 0.250 3.300 0.21533 0.06268Cameroon 2004 0.6 1.5 2.6 2.6 3.2 2.3 0.187 2.593 0.19468 0.05075Central African Republic 1994/95 3.3 1.5 0.6 3.2 4.4 2.5 0.750 1.100 0.14519 0.10425Chad 1996/97 0.6 1.1 1.0 0.6 1.7 1.1 0.353 1.100 0.20768 0.14567Chad 2004 0.7 0.9 0.9 2.3 1.1 1.2 0.615 0.429 0.12558 0.12181Comoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 - 0.300 0.84535 0.84604Ethiopia 2000 0.8 0.7 3.1 0.1 2.5 1.5 0.320 1.700 -0.00299 0.09426Gabon 2000 4.3 2.9 3.6 3.9 4.0 3.7 1.075 0.300 -0.00556 0.06966Ghana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 1.3 1.2 1.0 2.7 0.9 1.4 1.456 0.400 0.05129 0.06054Guinea 1999 2.4 4.5 4.1 3.1 2.7 3.3 0.889 0.300 -0.03255 0.07056Kenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 3.2 4.1 3.7 3.2 1.5 2.9 2.133 1.700 -0.08482 0.05512Kenya 2003 1.7 1.4 1.3 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.452 0.523 -0.04134 0.08908Madagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 3.6 3.8 4.5 5.0 5.4 4.4 0.667 1.800 0.05903 0.05107Mali 1995/96 1.9 3.1 0.6 3.2 0.8 1.9 2.375 1.100 -0.10521 0.08198Mali 2001 2.9 3.6 1.1 1.7 1.3 2.0 2.231 1.600 -0.14192 0.08013Mauritania 2000/01 1.9 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.357 0.500 -0.00378 0.14647Mozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 2.6 1.8 3.7 2.1 3.6 2.8 0.717 1.017 0.09256 0.06425Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 0.2 0.8 2.0 1.1 0.5 1.0 0.400 0.300 -0.02787 0.09627Niger 1998 0.7 1.5 0.4 1.2 0.7 0.9 1.000 0.000 0.04718 0.10641Nigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 1.1 0.5 0.9 1.0 0.3 0.7 4.319 0.846 -0.08719 0.14124Rwanda 2000 na na na na na na na na -0.02108 0.15303Senegal 1997 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.1 - 0.000 0.29278 0.23523South Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 2.5 6.0 4.2 3.7 2.7 3.8 0.926 0.200 -0.10133 0.06236Tanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 1.8 2.4 4.7 4.2 1.2 2.8 1.574 0.674 -0.04760 0.05009Togo 1998 0.8 1.6 0.6 2.9 4.3 2.2 0.186 3.500 0.25592 0.06657Uganda 1995 4.6 5.8 6.3 4.9 6.9 5.7 0.667 2.300 0.07677 0.05246Uganda 2000/01 3.3 1.7 2.1 2.8 5.4 3.1 0.611 2.100 0.09163 0.07546Zambia 1996 2.9 3.4 3.5 4.3 5.0 3.9 0.580 2.100 0.09479 0.07317Zambia 2001 4.4 3.2 4.6 9.3 3.9 5.2 1.128 0.500 0.08459 0.05387Zimbabwe 1994 2.1 2.6 2.6 2.3 3.8 2.8 0.553 1.700 0.09121 0.08690Zimbabwe 1999 6.1 4.3 3.3 3.9 3.5 4.1 1.743 2.600 -0.09230 0.06308

G. ALL COUNTRIES 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.4 2.1 2.1 0.970 0.063 0.07181 0.12007



PREVALENCE OF GENITAL ULCER AMONG MEN (Cont.)

Part I: HNP Status

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B. HEALTH, NUTRITION, POPULATION SERVICE USE

Childhood Immunization 75 BCG Coverage Measles Coverage DPT Coverage Full Basic Coverage No Basic Coverage Hepatitis B Coverage Yellow Fever Coverage

Treatment of Childhood Illnesses 89 Treatment of Fever

Medical Treatment of Fever Treatment in a Public Facility Treatment in a Private Facility

Treatment of Acute Respiratory Infection Medical Treatment of ARI Treatment in a Public Facility Treatment in a Private Facility

Treatment of Diarrhea Use of Oral Rehydration Therapy Medical Treatment of Diarrhea Treatment in a Public Facility Treatment in a Private Facility

Antenatal and Delivery Care 109 Antenatal Care Visits

To a Medically-Trained Person To a Doctor To a Nurse or Trained Midwife Multiple Visits to a Medically-Trained Person

Antenatal Care Content Tetanus Toxoid Prophylactic Antimalarial Treatment Iron Supplementation

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Delivery Attendance By a Medically-Trained Person By a Doctor By a Nurse or Trained Midwife In a Public Facility In a Private Facility At Home

Contraceptive Services 135 Contraceptive Prevalence

Women Men

Source of Contraception - Public Sector Women Men

Source of Contraception - Private Sector Women Men

Treatment of Adult Illnesses 147 Treatment of Genital Discharge, Ulcer, Sore

Women Men

Treatment of Genital Discharge, Ulcer, Sore in a Public Facility

Women Men

Voluntary Counseling and Testing for HIV/AIDS Women Men

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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC 75.4 81.6 85.9 89.1 95.7 84.5 0.788 20.325 0.04585 0.00691Cambodia 2000 65.8 62.9 73.0 76.1 89.2 71.4 0.738 23.400 0.05251 0.01004Indonesia 1997 70.6 81.8 85.9 92.0 96.1 84.9 0.735 25.500 0.04963 0.00370Indonesia 2002/03 69.9 75.9 82.9 89.0 96.5 82.5 0.724 26.651 0.05945 0.00419Philippines 1998 81.2 90.6 94.4 96.5 98.0 90.8 0.829 16.800 0.04631 0.00486Philippines 2003 82.2 92.2 94.0 93.1 97.1 90.8 0.847 14.847 0.03728 0.00552Vietnam 1997 81.1 84.1 95.9 96.6 96.8 89.5 0.838 15.700 0.04547 0.00854Vietnam 2002 83.6 95.4 93.8 98.1 100.0 93.4 0.836 16.400 0.03417 0.00789

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA 91.5 93.9 93.0 93.8 93.5 93.0 0.978 2.050 0.00849 0.00749Armenia 2000 89.6 90.9 89.4 95.1 (88.1) 90.6 1.017 177.700 -0.00262 0.01098Kazakhstan 1995 97.7 95.2 95.5 97.4 (98.6) 96.8 0.991 196.300 -0.00090 0.00459Kazakhstan 1999 90.3 (92.8) (89.1) 88.8 (87.9) 89.9 1.027 178.200 -0.01190 0.01166Kyrgyzstan 1997 98.6 97.4 97.8 97.2 98.9 98.0 0.997 0.300 -0.00325 0.00368Turkey 1993 70.7 91.5 95.0 94.8 99.0 89.1 0.714 28.300 0.05243 0.00811Turkey 1998 74.8 84.8 93.7 93.9 100.0 88.5 0.748 25.200 0.05930 0.00805Turkmenistan 2000 98.7 97.2 93.7 89.8 86.2 93.3 1.145 12.500 na naUzbekistan 1996 96.8 100.0 94.0 97.8 100.0 97.5 0.968 3.200 0.00089 0.00308

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 81.0 86.6 91.1 94.2 95.4 88.8 0.849 14.399 0.04534 0.00556Bolivia 1998 78.1 83.5 88.7 95.4 99.6 87.4 0.784 21.500 0.04535 0.00550Bolivia 2003 91.1 90.0 92.8 97.9 99.1 93.5 0.919 8.008 0.01527 0.00310Brazil 1996 83.5 93.6 97.9 97.9 97.0 92.6 0.861 13.500 0.04381 0.00638Colombia 1995 88.9 92.8 95.9 96.0 93.1 93.1 0.955 4.200 0.02024 0.00550Colombia 2000 89.0 96.0 98.0 97.1 93.6 94.5 0.951 4.600 0.01553 0.00542Colombia 2005 93.1 98.4 98.8 98.7 99.8 97.3 0.932 6.761 0.01390 0.00238Dominican Republic 1996 82.6 85.4 95.4 91.8 92.8 89.3 0.890 10.200 0.02863 0.00693Dominican Republic 2002 89.5 91.7 96.3 96.6 93.9 93.4 0.953 4.421 0.02008 0.00394Guatemala 1995 73.4 77.5 78.7 79.6 84.3 77.8 0.871 10.900 0.03754 0.00778Guatemala 1998/99 88.5 92.7 90.5 94.8 95.9 92.0 0.923 7.400 0.01965 0.00565Haiti 1994/95 56.4 65.1 76.4 84.8 90.6 73.4 0.623 34.200 0.09711 0.01250Haiti 2000 55.4 64.5 75.1 78.6 85.5 71.0 0.648 30.100 0.09062 0.01007Nicaragua 1997/98 91.0 96.1 95.8 99.7 94.7 95.0 0.961 3.700 0.01812 0.00375Nicaragua 2001 92.0 95.3 96.6 97.8 98.7 95.5 0.932 6.700 0.01595 0.00322Paraguay 1990 44.2 56.8 75.2 86.8 89.2 67.3 0.496 45.000 0.17137 0.01264Peru 1996 86.6 96.6 97.8 98.9 95.6 94.3 0.906 9.000 0.02814 0.00287Peru 2000 92.1 96.7 97.0 98.5 99.8 96.2 0.923 7.700 0.01737 0.00265

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA 61.8 66.1 68.3 72.9 76.1 68.9 0.812 14.321 0.06536 0.01117Egypt 1995 89.0 93.7 95.5 97.3 98.8 94.7 0.901 9.800 0.03166 0.00370Egypt 2000 98.2 99.4 99.6 99.4 100.0 99.3 0.982 1.800 0.00402 0.00126Jordan 1997 23.3 27.3 23.8 24.1 20.9 24.1 1.115 2.400 0.02742 0.03126Morocco 1992 81.6 95.7 97.0 99.4 99.3 93.4 0.822 17.700 0.04044 0.00572Morocco 2003/04 96.8 98.1 99.6 99.3 98.5 98.4 0.983 1.683 0.00476 0.00230Yemen 1997 28.9 39.7 50.1 68.8 85.1 53.8 0.340 56.200 0.22524 0.00985

E. SOUTH ASIA 65.9 75.4 80.9 87.2 93.7 79.9 0.703 27.801 0.08167 0.00636Bangladesh 1996/97 79.8 82.6 85.4 93.9 94.8 86.3 0.842 15.000 0.03593 0.00653Bangladesh 1999/2000 84.2 91.1 93.2 93.4 96.5 91.0 0.873 12.300 0.02510 0.00508Bangladesh 2004 87.2 96.8 94.9 94.2 97.9 93.7 0.891 10.705 0.01946 0.00429India 1992/93 41.5 50.6 63.7 75.6 88.3 62.2 0.470 46.800 0.16569 0.00379India 1998/99 50.9 61.9 74.5 85.7 94.2 71.6 0.540 43.300 0.13867 0.00321Nepal 1996 63.9 75.8 77.5 78.7 93.6 76.0 0.683 29.700 0.06425 0.00836Nepal 2001 74.9 81.5 89.2 90.7 92.6 84.5 0.809 17.700 0.05163 0.00684Pakistan 1990/91 50.6 61.4 65.2 78.0 90.1 69.7 0.562 39.500 0.11694 0.01108

Childhood ImmunizationPart II: Intermediate Determinants of HNP Status - Health Service Use

BCG COVERAGE


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 66.7 72.8 77.1 84.2 92.8 78.0 0.719 26.113 0.08447 0.00862Benin 1996 69.9 81.6 93.3 93.2 95.7 85.4 0.730 25.800 0.06796 0.00848Benin 2001 80.6 86.7 90.2 97.2 96.1 89.9 0.839 15.500 0.03939 0.00659Burkina Faso 1992/93 77.3 84.2 82.1 86.5 97.4 85.4 0.794 20.097 0.04536 0.00677Burkina Faso 1998/99 61.1 72.5 67.4 73.6 90.5 72.3 0.675 29.400 0.07430 0.01009Burkina Faso 2003 71.6 77.1 79.8 84.6 94.3 80.9 0.759 22.752 0.04853 0.00556Cameroon 1991 64.3 58.9 70.8 84.5 94.9 75.5 0.678 30.600 0.09849 0.01206Cameroon 1998 58.6 59.3 82.3 90.4 92.3 74.8 0.635 33.700 0.10649 0.01179Cameroon 2004 71.1 79.6 86.7 92.8 97.4 84.3 0.730 26.294 0.06480 0.00870Central African Republic 1994/95 59.7 70.5 76.8 83.3 95.2 77.2 0.627 35.500 0.09231 0.01011Chad 1996/97 17.3 32.4 30.0 47.1 72.2 38.8 0.240 54.900 0.29211 0.01791Chad 2004 13.8 34.2 41.8 43.3 67.8 40.2 0.203 54.012 0.27436 0.01873Comoros 1996 85.2 83.2 94.5 98.8 98.0 90.8 0.869 12.800 0.03897 0.00878Côte d'Ivoire 1994 48.8 64.3 74.6 90.1 95.5 73.8 0.511 46.700 0.13681 0.00907Eritrea 1995 48.3 33.7 57.7 78.1 96.6 60.7 0.500 48.300 0.20801 0.01544Ethiopia 2000 38.9 36.6 40.0 46.5 71.2 45.6 0.546 32.300 0.16643 0.01364Gabon 2000 74.9 89.9 93.2 94.2 95.0 89.1 0.788 20.100 0.04852 0.00742Ghana 1993 66.9 79.8 88.3 86.6 95.0 83.1 0.704 28.100 0.06083 0.01045Ghana 1998 79.2 84.3 92.5 92.5 95.0 87.8 0.834 15.800 0.02900 0.00780Ghana 2003 86.6 90.2 90.1 96.6 93.9 91.0 0.923 7.239 0.01835 0.00695Guinea 1999 55.9 68.5 77.4 84.6 96.1 75.8 0.582 40.200 0.10106 0.00959Kenya 1993 93.3 94.6 95.7 99.1 99.1 96.2 0.942 5.774 0.01196 0.00312Kenya 1998 93.5 92.7 98.3 97.4 99.0 95.9 0.944 5.500 0.01286 0.00353Kenya 2003 70.0 88.7 92.9 96.4 96.0 87.3 0.730 25.929 0.06477 0.00710Madagascar 1997 47.5 60.0 62.0 82.3 92.5 66.0 0.514 45.000 0.14600 0.01037Malawi 1992 92.3 96.3 98.0 99.0 98.8 97.0 0.934 6.500 0.01005 0.00394Malawi 2000 92.6 90.2 91.6 91.1 97.1 92.4 0.954 4.500 0.01204 0.00320Mali 1995/96 56.5 70.7 76.2 83.5 94.7 76.3 0.597 38.200 0.09077 0.00749Mali 2001 58.1 60.4 59.6 77.6 92.1 69.0 0.631 34.000 0.09949 0.00805Mauritania 2000/01 56.8 64.1 81.2 81.6 93.7 74.7 0.606 36.900 0.08560 0.01122Mozambique 1997 57.3 72.6 73.6 94.2 98.1 78.1 0.584 40.800 0.09249 0.00754Mozambique 2003 74.5 85.9 88.7 95.9 99.8 87.4 0.746 25.340 0.05058 0.00480Namibia 1992 88.4 90.5 92.9 91.2 93.2 91.2 0.948 4.800 0.01085 0.00644Namibia 2000 85.7 86.9 88.1 95.0 95.4 90.0 0.898 9.700 0.02582 0.00687Niger 1998 27.6 38.6 31.7 52.4 87.4 47.3 0.316 59.800 0.24887 0.01342Nigeria 1990 50.7 44.1 62.7 68.3 84.4 60.6 0.601 33.700 0.14850 0.01131Nigeria 2003 22.6 30.1 43.2 59.9 91.9 48.4 0.246 69.312 0.25657 0.01738Rwanda 2000 96.7 95.3 96.9 97.2 98.8 97.0 0.979 2.100 0.00273 0.00273Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 95.5 97.2 96.1 97.8 98.1 96.8 0.973 2.600 0.00488 0.00339Tanzania 1996 91.3 96.4 95.7 98.9 99.6 96.2 0.917 8.300 0.01748 0.00348Tanzania 1999 88.8 96.9 87.3 93.7 99.9 92.7 0.889 11.100 0.01635 0.00532Tanzania 2004 86.7 90.4 91.2 93.7 96.8 91.2 0.895 10.177 0.02066 0.00418Togo 1998 60.2 76.3 78.5 80.5 91.9 75.7 0.655 31.700 0.06963 0.00931Uganda 1995 79.6 78.2 84.4 85.0 92.4 83.6 0.861 12.800 0.03706 0.00618Uganda 2000/01 73.8 77.6 76.5 82.7 85.3 78.7 0.865 11.500 0.03185 0.00749Zambia 1996 94.7 97.7 96.1 99.7 100.0 97.4 0.947 5.300 0.00996 0.00246Zambia 2001 93.8 93.2 91.9 98.2 92.9 94.0 1.010 0.900 0.00709 0.00424Zimbabwe 1994 95.4 93.4 95.2 98.3 95.5 95.7 0.999 0.100 0.00180 0.00427Zimbabwe 1999 90.5 87.9 84.5 86.0 92.3 88.1 0.980 1.800 0.00101 0.00702

G. ALL COUNTRIES 72.0 77.7 81.4 86.6 92.4 81.3 0.779 20.415 0.06643 0.00790

Part II: Intermediate Determinants of HNP Status - Health Service Use


Childhood Immunization

BCG COVERAGE (Cont.)

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B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA 79.0 82.8 84.8 84.9 82.0 82.4 0.964 2.950 0.01773 0.01447Armenia 2000 67.8 72.5 78.4 81.3 (74.1) 74.3 0.915 141.900 0.02911 0.02042Kazakhstan 1995 60.9 58.6 80.5 66.3 (69.2) 66.9 0.880 130.100 0.02719 0.02302Kazakhstan 1999 73.8 (82.7) (81.5) 81.4 (75.7) 78.5 0.975 149.500 0.00351 0.01922Kyrgyzstan 1997 81.9 86.3 87.8 85.4 80.7 84.4 1.015 1.200 0.00038 0.01270Turkey 1993 64.4 72.8 81.6 91.0 85.1 77.9 0.757 20.700 0.05883 0.01135Turkey 1998 63.9 72.8 79.5 93.6 88.9 78.5 0.719 25.000 0.07418 0.01112Turkmenistan 2000 90.9 93.5 88.7 83.4 79.7 87.5 1.141 11.200 na naUzbekistan 1996 95.8 89.1 93.1 84.0 92.7 91.4 1.033 3.100 -0.01856 0.00890





MEASLES COVERAGE


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G. ALL COUNTRIES 57.5 63.9 68.5 72.9 81.8 68.0 0.703 24.308 0.09347 0.01214



MEASLES COVERAGE (Cont.)


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B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA 82.1 84.4 83.3 83.8 83.6 83.3 0.983 1.450 0.01332 0.01289Armenia 2000 89.3 93.0 86.9 95.5 (83.5) 89.7 1.069 172.800 -0.00689 0.01204Kazakhstan 1995 39.7 33.3 37.9 47.5 (55.7) 41.7 0.713 95.400 0.02333 0.03955Kazakhstan 1999 89.5 (92.8) (89.1) 87.9 (82.3) 88.7 1.087 171.800 -0.01923 0.01111Kyrgyzstan 1997 82.3 81.8 80.6 79.5 86.9 82.0 0.947 4.600 -0.01344 0.01260Turkey 1993 55.9 72.5 82.9 93.1 92.8 77.6 0.602 36.900 0.08862 0.01123Turkey 1998 45.2 48.0 62.7 64.4 81.4 58.7 0.555 36.200 0.12116 0.01814Turkmenistan 2000 97.1 98.1 92.4 86.6 85.6 92.2 1.134 11.500 na naUzbekistan 1996 89.4 92.5 88.3 88.6 81.8 88.7 1.093 7.600 -0.01499 0.01057





DPT COVERAGE


- 80 -



F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 42.5 48.1 53.6 61.8 73.7 54.9 0.576 31.202 0.15978 0.01719Benin 1996 46.5 63.5 74.2 72.8 87.9 66.9 0.529 41.400 0.11324 0.01283Benin 2001 63.0 65.1 71.9 76.9 88.8 72.5 0.709 25.800 0.07327 0.01090Burkina Faso 1992/93 22.2 36.3 33.5 46.0 66.1 40.6 0.336 43.908 0.23645 0.01939Burkina Faso 1998/99 28.3 38.4 33.9 44.3 64.9 41.0 0.435 36.641 0.17782 0.02046Burkina Faso 2003 45.4 50.6 57.5 61.3 73.0 57.0 0.622 27.594 0.09711 0.01111Cameroon 1991 38.0 33.3 36.0 53.6 71.0 47.4 0.535 33.000 0.17797 0.02269Cameroon 1998 34.0 34.5 52.1 67.8 74.4 50.5 0.457 40.400 0.19077 0.01918Cameroon 2004 55.4 62.4 60.9 75.2 86.3 66.4 0.641 30.965 0.08658 0.01427Central African Republic 1994/95 26.5 36.4 41.6 55.8 76.1 47.5 0.348 49.600 0.21225 0.01939Chad 1996/97 8.5 13.5 9.6 25.3 43.6 19.5 0.195 35.100 0.39117 0.03473Chad 2004 4.7 14.2 17.3 22.4 42.3 20.1 0.112 37.576 0.41226 0.03342Comoros 1996 58.0 60.0 67.3 75.3 92.0 68.3 0.630 34.000 0.09808 0.01853Côte d'Ivoire 1994 26.0 34.3 40.6 64.1 73.9 46.8 0.352 47.900 0.21685 0.01623Eritrea 1995 29.6 23.6 45.6 69.8 89.1 48.8 0.332 59.500 0.30131 0.01883Ethiopia 2000 14.3 11.7 15.0 24.9 42.5 20.7 0.336 28.200 0.35028 0.02997Gabon 2000 17.8 31.6 44.0 41.5 49.1 36.0 0.363 31.300 0.16065 0.02408Ghana 1993 43.4 62.1 57.7 67.9 83.3 62.4 0.521 39.900 0.11547 0.01677Ghana 1998 60.2 66.1 73.8 77.8 92.4 72.2 0.652 32.200 0.07722 0.01310Ghana 2003 64.3 79.7 85.6 86.0 86.9 79.0 0.740 22.611 0.06447 0.01173Guinea 1999 29.6 32.3 47.4 55.4 69.3 46.2 0.427 39.700 0.17183 0.01954Kenya 1993 76.7 86.2 86.4 92.8 93.6 86.8 0.820 16.860 0.03022 0.00684Kenya 1998 67.4 78.2 85.9 84.0 84.1 79.2 0.801 16.700 0.04177 0.00949Kenya 2003 56.3 71.0 85.7 81.3 72.7 72.2 0.775 16.360 0.07533 0.01117Madagascar 1997 32.3 37.7 41.4 65.3 81.1 48.4 0.398 48.800 0.20517 0.01556Malawi 1992 78.7 87.5 90.7 91.2 93.8 88.6 0.839 15.100 0.02918 0.00711Malawi 2000 79.4 81.0 81.8 88.0 93.3 84.2 0.851 13.900 na naMali 1995/96 17.4 31.2 31.2 42.4 67.3 37.5 0.259 49.900 0.24808 0.01735Mali 2001 28.1 28.7 28.6 45.7 70.7 39.6 0.397 42.600 0.20956 0.01562Mauritania 2000/01 18.3 31.3 44.8 48.9 60.6 39.9 0.302 42.300 0.20121 0.02151Mozambique 1997 32.2 52.9 49.6 78.5 93.8 59.6 0.343 61.600 0.19406 0.01113Mozambique 2003 52.3 63.7 72.3 86.3 95.8 71.6 0.546 43.466 0.11434 0.00760Namibia 1992 68.8 72.8 62.6 70.0 73.5 69.5 0.936 4.700 0.01664 0.01427Namibia 2000/01 75.8 72.9 80.8 84.3 82.7 79.3 0.917 6.900 0.02845 0.01062Niger 1998 8.9 12.8 12.2 26.1 67.9 25.0 0.131 59.000 0.49555 0.02548Nigeria 1990 17.5 22.5 27.1 39.5 63.5 32.9 0.276 46.000 0.29876 0.01988Nigeria 2003 7.1 7.7 13.5 22.3 60.5 21.4 0.117 53.479 0.38716 0.03927Rwanda 2000 80.0 86.6 84.2 87.8 88.9 86.0 0.900 8.900 0.00398 0.00651Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 63.9 76.0 79.0 84.0 84.8 76.4 0.754 20.900 0.05075 0.01014Tanzania 1996 74.6 84.6 83.2 91.4 94.3 85.2 0.791 19.700 0.04240 0.00648Tanzania 1999 66.2 86.1 78.5 91.1 88.7 81.0 0.746 22.500 0.06039 0.01099Tanzania 2004 33.6 35.2 33.9 36.9 36.5 35.1 0.920 2.904 -0.01763 0.01909Togo 1998 28.9 34.3 43.9 48.3 67.6 42.0 0.428 38.700 0.16646 0.01923Uganda 1995 46.8 58.1 59.5 63.2 81.4 61.1 0.575 34.600 0.10725 0.01146Uganda 2000/01 34.9 45.2 51.4 47.7 55.1 46.1 0.633 20.200 0.09309 0.01613Zambia 1996 79.8 83.6 86.7 85.2 95.7 85.7 0.834 15.900 0.03124 0.00619Zambia 2001 73.6 76.7 75.3 90.0 89.1 80.0 0.826 15.500 0.04758 0.00779Zimbabwe 1994 77.5 83.3 87.4 87.5 90.5 85.2 0.856 13.000 0.02489 0.00914Zimbabwe 1999 80.7 83.2 78.2 77.9 85.7 80.9 0.942 5.000 0.00819 0.01030

G. ALL COUNTRIES 53.0 58.9 64.0 69.4 77.8 63.7 0.681 24.816 0.11794 0.01388



DPT COVERAGE (Cont.)


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B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA 66.3 69.8 73.3 73.7 71.4 70.6 0.929 5.050 0.03801 0.02031Armenia 2000 66.2 70.6 72.8 81.3 (68.0) 71.4 0.974 134.200 0.02240 0.02188Kazakhstan 1995 21.3 19.0 21.6 25.6 (34.1) 23.4 0.625 55.400 0.08745 0.06594Kazakhstan 1999 68.7 (77.4) (79.3) 78.4 (62.3) 73.1 1.103 131.000 0.00800 0.02349Kyrgyzstan 1997 69.3 64.7 73.4 69.4 73.1 69.7 0.948 3.800 0.00065 0.01898Turkey 1993 40.7 59.4 66.3 82.9 81.9 64.2 0.497 41.200 0.12651 0.01512Turkey 1998 27.7 36.9 48.5 54.9 69.7 45.7 0.397 42.000 0.17137 0.02292Turkmenistan 2000 85.0 92.3 86.4 81.2 77.5 84.8 1.097 7.500 na naUzbekistan 1996 80.9 76.8 79.4 77.2 77.5 78.7 1.044 3.400 -0.01238 0.01428





FULL BASIC COVERAGE


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 32.4 37.7 42.5 48.7 60.2 43.4 0.537 27.879 0.17524 0.02259Benin 1996 37.8 53.4 62.7 59.2 73.6 55.6 0.514 35.800 0.11361 0.01709Benin 2001 52.6 57.2 59.9 67.9 79.5 62.8 0.662 26.895 0.08786 0.01424Burkina Faso 1992/93 17.2 32.2 27.7 38.5 58.4 34.6 0.294 41.200 0.26457 0.02263Burkina Faso 1998/99 21.4 24.3 21.7 32.1 52.1 29.3 0.411 30.700 0.21374 0.02776Burkina Faso 2003 33.4 41.1 41.5 45.9 61.4 43.9 0.544 27.991 0.10289 0.01512Cameroon 1991 27.4 27.3 29.9 46.5 63.5 40.0 0.431 36.100 0.22229 0.02790Cameroon 1998 23.5 24.0 37.5 45.6 56.9 35.8 0.413 33.400 0.20711 0.02794Cameroon 2004 39.4 45.5 46.9 51.7 66.3 48.6 0.594 26.903 0.10303 0.02073Central African Republic 1994/95 18.1 25.3 28.9 45.0 64.0 36.6 0.283 45.900 0.25873 0.02512Chad 1996/97 4.0 8.5 5.7 17.1 23.0 11.3 0.174 19.000 0.39042 0.04661Chad 2004 1.1 7.1 12.4 12.4 23.6 11.3 0.045 22.520 0.39444 0.04793Comoros 1996 39.8 49.5 52.7 60.5 82.0 54.5 0.485 42.200 0.12586 0.02419Côte d'Ivoire 1994 15.7 27.1 32.7 52.6 64.2 37.4 0.245 48.500 0.26026 0.01992Eritrea 1995 25.0 15.5 44.0 53.4 83.8 41.4 0.298 58.800 0.33564 0.02316Ethiopia 2000 7.0 8.8 9.1 17.1 33.5 14.3 0.209 26.500 0.43044 0.03967Gabon 2000 5.5 9.4 18.3 19.6 23.5 14.6 0.234 18.000 0.21052 0.04215Ghana 1993 37.5 56.5 48.2 56.0 79.2 54.8 0.473 41.700 0.12643 0.01882Ghana 1998 49.6 54.0 63.3 72.7 79.3 62.0 0.625 29.700 0.08675 0.01589Ghana 2003 53.0 70.3 73.1 73.9 78.3 68.3 0.676 25.365 0.07548 0.01373Guinea 1999 17.2 22.5 32.9 39.5 51.8 32.2 0.332 34.600 0.20721 0.02640Kenya 1993 64.8 78.0 77.1 86.7 86.4 78.2 0.750 21.586 0.04870 0.00899Kenya 1998 48.1 57.6 71.0 64.6 59.9 59.5 0.803 11.800 0.05775 0.01475Kenya 2003 37.8 50.2 62.3 56.6 59.5 52.1 0.636 21.677 0.11143 0.01592Madagascar 1997 22.0 25.2 27.1 54.7 66.0 36.2 0.333 44.000 0.24615 0.02049Malawi 1992 73.0 78.8 80.3 87.1 89.3 81.8 0.817 16.300 0.03914 0.00920Malawi 2000 65.4 65.0 69.1 72.5 81.4 70.1 0.803 16.000 0.04734 0.00800Mali 1995/96 15.8 26.2 26.9 34.6 55.6 31.5 0.284 39.800 0.23803 0.02032Mali 2001 19.5 20.2 18.7 31.9 56.0 28.7 0.348 36.500 0.22501 0.02101Mauritania 2000/01 15.6 26.1 36.8 38.3 45.3 31.9 0.344 29.700 0.17006 0.02680Mozambique 1997 19.7 30.8 35.6 69.5 85.3 47.3 0.231 65.600 0.25068 0.01489Mozambique 2003 45.0 53.5 61.5 79.3 90.5 63.4 0.497 45.499 0.13988 0.00882Namibia 1992 53.9 58.6 57.2 56.9 63.1 57.8 0.854 9.200 0.03640 0.01728Namibia 2000 59.5 58.7 64.7 73.0 68.2 64.8 0.872 8.700 0.05431 0.01533Niger 1998 4.6 9.7 9.0 19.8 50.9 18.4 0.090 46.300 0.53079 0.03308Nigeria 1990 13.9 19.7 23.4 35.3 58.1 29.0 0.239 44.200 0.32663 0.02196Nigeria 2003 3.4 3.9 9.0 10.9 40.2 13.0 0.084 36.789 0.42556 0.05472Rwanda 2000 71.3 73.8 74.9 79.0 78.8 76.0 0.905 7.500 0.00951 0.00896Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 51.3 61.1 69.1 70.4 70.2 63.4 0.731 18.900 0.06158 0.01349Tanzania 1996 57.3 68.8 66.9 79.3 82.5 70.5 0.695 25.200 0.06136 0.01068Tanzania 1999 53.1 74.3 61.7 80.8 78.4 68.3 0.677 25.300 0.07866 0.01479Tanzania 2004 26.6 30.3 29.6 31.7 29.3 29.4 0.909 2.678 -0.00493 0.02131Togo 1998 22.2 26.0 32.2 30.3 52.0 30.8 0.427 29.800 0.16123 0.02578Uganda 1995 34.2 46.0 49.3 47.0 63.1 47.4 0.542 28.900 0.10846 0.01519Uganda 2000/01 26.5 38.0 39.6 39.5 42.6 36.7 0.622 16.100 0.08982 0.01904Zambia 1996 71.3 77.3 80.0 79.8 86.4 78.3 0.825 15.100 0.03661 0.00853Zambia 2001 63.9 65.7 66.2 78.8 80.0 70.0 0.799 16.100 0.05593 0.01066Zimbabwe 1994 71.8 77.8 84.6 81.4 85.7 80.1 0.838 13.900 0.03061 0.01098Zimbabwe 1999 63.9 69.2 67.9 56.6 64.1 64.0 0.997 0.200 -0.00927 0.01670

G. ALL COUNTRIES 40.7 46.8 51.5 55.9 64.0 50.9 0.637 23.239 0.13642 0.01917



FULL BASIC COVERAGE (Cont.)


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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC 19.3 12.8 8.1 7.3 2.9 11.0 6.614 16.381 -0.37069 0.06846Cambodia 2000 28.2 28.7 20.1 16.1 7.6 21.9 3.711 20.600 -0.17111 0.03120Indonesia 1997 11.6 7.2 3.4 3.8 0.9 5.6 12.889 10.700 -0.36833 0.03901Indonesia 2002/03 20.0 13.5 6.2 7.3 1.8 10.1 10.890 18.146 -0.36089 0.02961Philippines 1998 16.4 8.7 3.6 2.4 1.0 7.7 16.400 15.400 -0.48301 0.05355Philippines 2003 15.1 5.9 5.0 3.9 2.2 7.3 6.760 12.879 -0.42232 0.06462Vietnam 1997 7.3 5.3 0.8 0.8 0.4 3.5 18.250 6.900 -0.49583 0.14163Vietnam 2002 13.9 3.2 1.3 1.9 0.0 4.7 - 13.900 -0.52844 0.14841

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA 5.2 3.0 4.8 5.2 6.4 4.9 0.813 1.200 -0.33847 0.34509Armenia 2000 7.3 1.4 6.1 4.5 (9.0) 5.7 0.811 16.300 0.08606 0.15813Kazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1999 8.8 (7.2) (10.9) 11.2 (9.8) 9.5 0.898 18.600 0.11402 0.09309Kyrgyzstan 1997 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 - 0.000 -0.99282 1.00200Turkey 1993 7.7 2.8 1.5 1.0 1.0 3.1 7.700 6.700 -0.33789 0.12584Turkey 1998 8.6 5.1 1.5 1.2 0.0 3.6 - 8.600 -0.56115 0.12714Turkmenistan 2000 1.3 1.1 5.5 9.1 13.2 5.8 0.098 11.900 na naUzbekistan 1996 na na na na na na na na na na

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 8.2 5.8 3.2 2.1 2.0 4.6 4.124 6.202 -0.40230 0.10847Bolivia 1998 15.5 12.3 6.6 2.4 0.0 8.6 - 15.500 -0.34070 0.04694Bolivia 2003 4.0 4.7 3.4 1.2 0.2 3.0 20.310 3.781 -0.19357 0.06343Brazil 1996 6.4 2.6 0.4 1.3 3.0 3.1 2.133 3.400 -0.45241 0.12937Colombia 1995 3.5 2.2 0.0 0.5 0.0 1.5 - 3.500 -0.59411 0.17431Colombia 2000 1.8 0.9 0.5 0.8 0.0 0.9 - 1.800 -0.37437 0.21943Colombia 2005 2.2 0.2 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.7 40.705 2.148 -0.77279 0.21159Dominican Republic 1996 3.4 5.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 2.0 2.267 1.900 -0.40376 0.13577Dominican Republic 2002 2.8 0.6 0.7 1.0 2.2 1.4 1.302 0.652 -0.42087 0.14523Guatemala 1995 9.3 7.7 9.7 4.0 2.4 7.4 3.875 6.900 -0.18319 0.05262Guatemala 1998/99 8.7 2.9 2.8 1.1 0.0 3.6 - 8.700 -0.36987 0.11521Haiti 1994/95 31.3 29.2 18.1 9.1 4.2 19.6 7.452 27.100 -0.29536 0.04186Haiti 2000 25.8 24.5 13.7 8.7 7.4 16.7 3.507 18.432 -0.23478 0.03309Nicaragua 1997/98 5.5 1.7 0.3 0.0 2.8 2.3 1.964 2.700 -0.48950 0.12395Nicaragua 2001 4.3 2.2 0.6 1.0 1.3 2.2 3.308 3.000 -0.39739 0.11455Paraguay 1990 15.3 13.9 5.7 2.6 3.6 9.1 4.250 11.700 -0.39747 0.06602Peru 1996 5.4 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.1 1.8 54.000 5.300 -0.54973 0.08636Peru 2000 4.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.2 1.8 21.000 4.000 -0.38152 0.09777

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA 5.1 4.3 3.1 3.2 1.6 3.5 3.257 3.500 -0.37617 0.17556Egypt 1995 5.5 4.0 0.6 1.7 0.3 2.5 18.333 5.200 -0.74341 0.10396Egypt 2000 0.8 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.2 - 0.800 -0.72124 0.38891Jordan 1997 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.2 - 0.700 -0.30536 0.11610Morocco 1992 17.3 4.3 2.5 0.6 0.7 6.2 24.714 16.600 -0.57514 0.08182Morocco 2003/04 2.8 1.9 0.4 0.7 0.7 1.4 3.982 2.099 -0.29952 0.16396Yemen 1997 16.6 15.0 12.0 11.8 4.8 12.2 3.458 11.800 -0.17854 0.03329

E. SOUTH ASIA 20.1 15.1 11.1 8.1 2.9 11.6 6.880 17.185 -0.20326 0.07126Bangladesh 1996/97 17.9 14.5 12.4 5.4 4.9 11.9 3.653 13.000 -0.22859 0.04699Bangladesh 1999/2000 14.2 8.1 6.2 6.0 2.5 8.0 5.680 11.700 -0.25586 0.05410Bangladesh 2004 5.7 2.1 1.9 3.9 0.6 3.0 9.703 5.141 -0.26853 0.09325India 1992/93 48.4 40.8 27.5 18.0 7.9 30.0 6.127 40.500 -0.28756 0.00723India 1998/99 25.4 20.3 12.2 6.9 2.2 14.4 11.545 23.200 -0.38695 0.01423Nepal 1996 33.0 20.6 15.7 17.2 5.8 20.2 5.690 27.200 -0.23062 0.03020Nepal 2001 0.7 0.7 0.5 1.8 0.7 0.9 1.000 0.000 0.12576 0.15059Pakistan 1990/91 48.6 37.4 29.9 19.8 8.2 28.2 5.927 40.400 -0.28331 0.02695


NO BASIC COVERAGE


- 84 -



F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 20.6 16.3 14.0 9.1 3.9 13.3 5.283 16.691 -0.23702 0.05828Benin 1996 27.8 16.9 6.7 6.3 4.3 13.6 6.465 23.500 -0.38171 0.04972Benin 2001 18.1 10.5 6.4 1.7 2.5 8.1 7.200 15.592 -0.42193 0.06975Burkina Faso 1992/93 20.6 14.0 17.3 10.9 2.1 13.1 9.835 18.504 -0.27743 0.04330Burkina Faso 1998/99 17.1 16.5 11.7 10.9 2.2 12.3 7.773 14.900 -0.24833 0.04254Burkina Faso 2003 10.7 12.3 12.1 4.6 4.4 9.2 2.452 6.324 -0.20131 0.03709Cameroon 1991 30.7 35.6 24.9 15.5 4.7 21.6 6.532 26.000 -0.29185 0.03905Cameroon 1998 23.7 20.7 7.4 2.9 3.9 12.8 6.077 19.800 -0.38268 0.05415Cameroon 2004 8.1 5.7 6.0 2.6 0.6 5.0 13.063 7.479 -0.31957 0.09279Central African Republic 1994/95 38.1 21.2 16.8 13.4 2.2 18.4 17.318 35.900 -0.36634 0.04164Chad 1996/97 65.4 50.8 48.9 33.0 18.7 44.5 3.497 46.700 -0.21415 0.01631Chad 2004 29.9 20.4 18.0 18.7 13.0 19.9 2.298 16.897 -0.14907 0.03354Comoros 1996 13.6 14.7 5.5 0.0 2.0 8.1 6.800 11.600 -0.41173 0.08778Côte d'Ivoire 1994 35.8 22.6 17.2 6.4 1.4 17.3 25.571 34.400 -0.40579 0.03447Eritrea 1995 50.1 65.4 42.0 18.9 1.3 37.7 38.538 48.800 -0.33792 0.02566Ethiopia 2000 19.4 21.1 17.0 18.6 5.5 16.8 3.527 13.900 -0.19432 0.02683Gabon 2000 10.1 2.1 2.4 1.5 4.6 4.1 2.196 5.500 -0.32572 0.10656Ghana 1993 30.9 16.9 10.2 13.4 3.3 15.2 9.364 27.600 -0.30878 0.05574Ghana 1998 12.9 9.2 4.2 4.7 1.1 7.1 11.727 11.800 -0.24192 0.07160Ghana 2003 7.4 6.5 3.1 2.5 4.6 5.2 1.617 2.843 -0.17390 0.10043Guinea 1999 38.5 29.0 18.0 11.4 2.8 20.5 13.750 35.700 -0.35297 0.03368Kenya 1993 6.2 3.7 4.3 0.9 0.9 3.3 6.666 5.230 -0.28725 0.08700Kenya 1998 4.8 3.0 1.1 2.6 1.0 2.7 4.800 3.800 -0.27910 0.10790Kenya 2003 19.7 5.3 4.1 1.1 3.1 7.6 6.450 16.673 -0.53213 0.07367Madagascar 1997 29.5 26.2 24.5 8.4 3.6 20.1 8.194 25.900 -0.29635 0.03104Malawi 1992 6.6 3.7 1.1 1.0 0.7 2.5 9.429 5.900 -0.36218 0.13984Malawi 2000 3.0 4.2 2.9 2.5 0.9 2.8 3.333 2.100 -0.16387 0.06477Mali 1995/96 42.5 29.3 22.8 14.5 4.9 22.8 8.673 37.600 -0.30482 0.02479Mali 2001 29.4 25.8 27.7 17.6 6.1 21.7 4.820 23.300 -0.19243 0.02261Mauritania 2000/01 26.3 15.0 12.4 14.8 5.1 15.0 5.157 21.200 -0.19665 0.04863Mozambique 1997 36.1 26.9 26.1 5.2 1.2 19.7 30.083 34.900 -0.34698 0.03003Mozambique 2003 20.0 8.5 7.2 2.1 0.2 8.8 113.021 19.794 -0.38923 0.04354Namibia 1992 6.3 4.1 3.1 4.6 6.0 4.8 1.050 0.300 -0.05361 0.09770Namibia 2000 6.4 8.2 6.4 2.9 1.8 5.2 3.556 4.600 -0.09711 0.07972Niger 1998 57.1 44.5 53.8 36.6 7.9 40.0 7.228 49.200 -0.23374 0.01548Nigeria 1990 45.3 49.4 35.4 30.5 12.8 35.9 3.539 32.500 -0.23367 0.01891Nigeria 2003 37.0 34.5 31.9 22.3 4.4 26.6 8.502 32.661 -0.21465 0.03012Rwanda 2000 2.2 2.0 0.9 2.5 0.8 1.7 2.750 1.400 0.03654 0.12754Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 2.3 1.7 3.3 2.2 1.4 2.2 1.643 0.900 -0.08911 0.12277Tanzania 1996 6.9 3.6 4.3 0.6 0.4 3.3 17.250 6.500 -0.46841 0.09581Tanzania 1999 9.1 2.6 8.1 4.4 0.1 5.3 91.000 9.000 -0.19653 0.08154Tanzania 2004 7.7 5.1 3.8 2.3 2.4 4.5 3.198 5.279 -0.23091 0.06563Togo 1998 27.9 16.4 15.7 11.4 2.3 16.3 12.130 25.600 -0.26565 0.03679Uganda 1995 17.9 19.8 13.8 13.1 6.1 14.4 2.934 11.800 -0.21098 0.03350Uganda 2000/01 15.3 11.8 14.2 12.7 11.0 13.1 1.391 4.300 -0.06717 0.03819Zambia 1996 3.9 1.7 2.8 0.3 0.0 1.9 - 3.900 -0.39175 0.10871Zambia 2001 3.3 4.1 3.5 0.7 5.6 3.4 0.589 2.300 -0.03158 0.08791Zimbabwe 1994 3.7 6.6 4.8 1.7 4.5 4.1 0.822 0.800 -0.01553 0.09772Zimbabwe 1999 9.5 11.3 15.5 13.4 7.7 11.6 1.234 1.800 -0.01206 0.05328

G. ALL COUNTRIES 15.8 12.1 9.9 6.9 3.5 10.0 4.529 12.323 -0.29079 0.09905




NO BASIC COVERAGE (Cont.)

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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC na na na na na na na na na naCambodia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naIndonesia 1997 na na na na na na na na na naIndonesia 2002/03 29.9 39.7 46.9 50.6 62.2 45.3 0.481 32.254 0.16590 0.01048Philippines 1998 48.1 51.0 51.3 66.7 67.5 55.1 0.713 19.400 0.07372 0.01297Philippines 2003 30.6 43.7 51.9 49.5 60.5 45.3 0.506 29.849 0.13964 0.01582Vietnam 1997 na na na na na na na na na naVietnam 2002 na na na na na na na na na na

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na na naArmenia 2000 7.5 3.7 0.0 4.9 (2.4) 4.0 3.125 9.900 -0.16028 0.13930Kazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKyrgyzstan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1993 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 na na na na na na na na na naUzbekistan 1996 na na na na na na na na na na

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 na na na na na na na na na naBrazil 1996 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 67.9 75.4 80.5 92.8 84.5 78.7 0.804 16.600 0.05733 0.01038Colombia 2005 67.7 71.4 82.0 72.3 84.2 74.4 0.804 16.497 0.03797 0.00679Dominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 2002 22.2 29.7 32.2 36.6 47.3 32.8 0.469 25.134 0.15148 0.01782Guatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 2001 1.4 0.4 1.3 2.0 8.4 2.3 0.167 7.000 0.28773 0.11955Paraguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 2000 na na na na na na na na na na

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naEgypt 1995 47.5 53.2 53.9 63.2 69.9 57.0 0.680 22.400 0.09842 0.01011Egypt 2000 na na na na na na na na na naJordan 1997 56.2 56.0 53.0 55.9 50.6 54.6 1.111 5.600 na naMorocco 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMorocco 2003/04 na na na na na na na na na naYemen 1997 na na na na na na na na na na



HEPATITIS B COVERAGE


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naBenin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 na na na na na na na na na naCentral African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naChad 2004 na na na na na na na na na naComoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGabon 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 na na na na na na na na na naGuinea 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 2003 na na na na na na na na na naMadagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 na na na na na na na na na naMali 1995/96 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 - 0.000 na naMali 2001 na na na na na na na na na naMauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNiger 1998 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 na na na na na na na na na naRwanda 2000 na na na na na na na na na naSenegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 62.7 74.4 76.5 81.7 80.0 74.2 0.784 17.300 0.05157 0.01076Tanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 na na na na na na na na na naTogo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 na na na na na na na na na na




HEPATITIS B COVERAGE (Cont.)


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C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 na na na na na na na na na naBrazil 1996 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2005 52.4 63.4 59.5 64.6 53.1 58.8 0.987 0.675 0.02625 0.00932Dominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 2002 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 2001 na na na na na na na na na naParaguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 2000 na na na na na na na na na na




YELLOW FEVER COVERAGE


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naBenin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 23.1 31.6 30.8 37.6 59.7 35.4 0.387 36.600 0.20137 0.02440Burkina Faso 2003 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1991 2.5 2.6 1.1 0.9 4.3 2.3 0.581 1.800 0.16107 0.18005Cameroon 1998 3.7 0.6 8.6 8.3 9.9 5.9 0.374 6.200 0.27786 0.08866Cameroon 2004 na na na na na na na na na naCentral African Republic 1994/95 23.9 34.0 26.4 45.4 63.0 38.9 0.379 39.100 0.18647 0.02557Chad 1996/97 12.0 18.9 20.0 33.8 42.8 24.7 0.280 30.800 0.29522 0.02834Chad 2004 na na na na na na na na na naComoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGabon 2000 15.3 24.0 24.9 23.8 34.1 24.0 0.449 18.800 0.10252 0.03328Ghana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 49.1 47.0 64.7 68.0 75.6 59.6 0.649 26.500 0.09287 0.01705Ghana 2003 na na na na na na na na na naGuinea 1999 4.2 6.7 8.2 10.9 10.1 7.9 0.416 5.900 0.16577 0.06506Kenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 2003 na na na na na na na na na naMadagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 na na na na na na na na na naMali 1995/96 0.5 1.3 3.1 8.0 27.1 7.6 0.018 26.600 0.61362 0.06038Mali 2001 na na na na na na na na na naMauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNiger 1998 2.9 6.0 5.6 8.9 19.8 8.5 0.146 16.900 0.43667 0.05557Nigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 na na na na na na na na na naRwanda 2000 na na na na na na na na na naSenegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 na na na na na na na na na naTogo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 na na na na na na na na na na




YELLOW FEVER COVERAGE (Cont.)


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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC 39.4 45.0 47.0 47.6 59.6 46.6 0.662 20.111 0.06496 0.01732Cambodia 2000 29.0 29.6 34.6 36.4 46.2 34.1 0.628 17.200 0.09798 0.01572Indonesia 1997 51.5 59.4 65.2 71.1 76.2 63.8 0.676 24.700 0.06242 0.00625Indonesia 2002/03 39.1 52.5 63.1 66.4 70.9 57.2 0.551 31.805 0.13451 0.00717Philippines 1998 32.4 37.6 44.6 51.6 41.7 40.3 0.777 9.300 0.07402 0.01652Philippines 2003 44.9 42.0 50.0 45.3 55.4 46.3 0.810 10.540 0.04722 0.01636Vietnam 1997 37.5 50.0 39.9 37.1 48.8 42.2 0.768 11.300 0.03044 0.03384Vietnam 2002 44.8 55.9 40.1 42.4 65.7 48.6 0.682 20.900 -0.01985 0.03001

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na 26.7 na na 27.3 na na 0.15823 0.09401Armenia 2000 16.9 20.3 (32.5) 26.6 (36.4) 25.7 0.464 53.300 0.10464 0.06275Kazakhstan 1995 * * * (23.3) * 23.8 - - 0.07437 0.10885Kazakhstan 1999 (22.9) * (20.6) (18.8) * 20.8 - - -0.04845 0.09392Kyrgyzstan 1997 (15.2) * * * * 23.6 - - 0.01787 0.08612Turkey 1993 22.5 40.7 44.5 45.2 43.7 37.3 0.515 21.200 0.11282 0.02435Turkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 * * (38.6) * (55.3) 53.9 - - na naUzbekistan 1996 * * (15.2) * (41.8) 12.6 - - 0.55885 0.13323


D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA 24.6 29.4 29.4 36.3 39.9 31.2 0.617 15.294 0.10180 0.01606Egypt 1995 33.8 42.8 48.3 55.3 61.6 47.6 0.549 27.800 0.10761 0.00888Egypt 2000 29.8 35.4 35.3 36.9 39.8 35.1 0.749 10.000 0.07701 0.01728Jordan 1997 36.1 32.1 31.6 38.6 37.7 34.9 0.958 1.600 -0.00434 0.01005Morocco 1992 9.3 11.5 16.8 26.5 34.9 18.0 0.266 25.600 0.27704 0.03618Morocco 2003/04 18.7 33.4 31.6 42.9 50.8 34.3 0.367 32.177 0.14863 0.01841Yemen 1997 13.9 16.5 19.2 26.8 31.3 20.5 0.444 17.400 0.18591 0.01851


Treatment of Childhood IllnessesPart II: Intermediate Determinants of HNP Status - Health Service Use

MEDICAL TREATMENT OF FEVER


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 28.1 30.7 33.7 39.0 49.5 35.2 0.568 21.376 0.14090 0.02256Benin 1996 9.6 12.0 11.0 11.6 24.7 12.6 0.389 15.100 0.12569 0.04284Benin 2001 24.2 29.8 31.4 37.7 43.2 31.8 0.560 19.000 0.10887 0.01984Burkina Faso 1992/93 13.7 14.7 21.4 19.8 29.4 19.3 0.468 15.625 0.19272 0.02781Burkina Faso 1998/99 8.9 8.8 14.7 11.8 31.8 14.0 0.280 22.900 0.29244 0.03655Burkina Faso 2003 23.5 24.2 33.9 35.0 57.1 33.0 0.412 33.545 0.17049 0.01437Cameroon 1991 25.3 30.5 38.8 49.1 53.3 40.8 0.475 28.000 0.13801 0.02536Cameroon 1998 12.6 14.0 16.0 30.5 32.3 20.2 0.390 19.700 0.23316 0.04773Cameroon 2004 32.5 34.6 41.5 45.7 52.6 41.0 0.618 20.089 0.09714 0.01802Central African Republic 1994/95 20.1 21.1 32.7 39.3 44.3 31.8 0.454 24.200 0.17709 0.02859Chad 1996/97 1.7 6.2 6.8 10.4 15.7 8.2 0.108 14.000 0.35413 0.04309Chad 2004 7.6 16.8 21.7 20.8 39.0 21.5 0.195 31.434 0.27000 0.02283Comoros 1996 26.4 28.7 30.6 28.2 39.0 30.0 0.677 12.600 0.05541 0.04113Côte d'Ivoire 1994 19.2 30.3 33.9 44.9 56.6 34.7 0.339 37.400 0.20100 0.01951Eritrea 1995 16.5 15.7 20.1 38.1 37.0 22.9 0.446 20.500 0.20911 0.03398Ethiopia 2000 13.6 13.8 14.9 12.7 41.3 18.0 0.329 27.700 0.32854 0.02642Gabon 2000 38.6 51.3 48.6 60.9 61.7 51.7 0.626 23.100 0.07972 0.01652Ghana 1993 36.4 40.6 47.6 58.7 64.3 47.3 0.566 27.900 0.11975 0.02566Ghana 1998 33.2 36.4 42.5 50.7 57.0 41.6 0.582 23.800 0.09948 0.02363Ghana 2003 41.4 33.5 42.5 54.3 70.1 46.8 0.590 28.729 0.10336 0.02331Guinea 1999 15.5 10.8 17.2 27.2 35.0 20.4 0.443 19.500 0.21000 0.02550Kenya 1993 37.8 47.3 42.1 55.1 58.4 47.3 0.647 20.600 0.10816 0.01244Kenya 1998 54.8 60.8 61.7 62.3 73.3 61.7 0.748 18.500 0.06360 0.01256Kenya 2003 41.6 42.2 45.8 49.5 54.6 46.3 0.761 13.032 0.06879 0.01350Madagascar 1997 23.7 24.4 23.8 25.9 34.8 25.6 0.681 11.100 0.04198 0.03093Malawi 1992 49.0 47.6 46.7 48.8 64.2 50.7 0.763 15.200 0.05739 0.01413Malawi 2000 10.3 10.7 12.1 13.0 18.7 12.4 0.551 8.400 0.11559 0.02525Mali 1995/96 7.6 8.3 14.7 15.3 36.0 14.9 0.213 28.336 0.33170 0.03356Mali 2001 18.4 18.9 25.4 29.2 61.1 28.9 0.301 42.700 0.26487 0.01665Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 12.4 19.6 18.7 22.8 36.9 21.1 0.336 24.500 0.20116 0.03114Mozambique 2003 41.4 42.7 49.6 62.9 68.1 51.4 0.607 26.735 0.09256 0.01039Namibia 1992 62.2 65.7 63.3 62.4 71.3 64.9 0.872 9.100 0.00748 0.01217Namibia 2000 49.0 57.7 53.1 49.8 65.5 54.3 0.748 16.500 0.03917 0.01903Niger 1998 7.2 5.0 7.2 10.7 22.0 9.4 0.327 14.800 0.33111 0.04607Nigeria 1990 21.8 25.1 31.7 37.6 56.1 32.4 0.389 34.300 0.18725 0.01713Nigeria 2003 20.3 21.0 31.8 45.5 54.4 32.1 0.373 34.119 0.19968 0.02164Rwanda 2000 14.3 12.6 19.3 22.7 26.5 18.9 0.540 12.200 0.17510 0.02505Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 32.2 40.0 39.7 41.6 45.3 39.4 0.711 13.100 0.06070 0.01640Tanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 51.0 59.5 53.4 54.2 76.3 57.6 0.668 25.305 0.06823 0.01171Togo 1998 10.7 10.3 11.6 23.3 30.0 15.5 0.357 19.300 0.18088 0.03679Uganda 1995 33.4 41.1 39.8 45.5 44.4 40.2 0.752 11.000 0.04939 0.01469Uganda 2000/01 56.4 67.6 66.6 70.8 80.1 67.1 0.704 23.700 0.06144 0.00772Zambia 1996 64.3 69.0 67.8 71.8 78.8 69.5 0.816 14.500 0.03717 0.00795Zambia 2001 60.5 65.0 64.9 69.1 68.5 64.8 0.883 8.000 0.02787 0.00879Zimbabwe 1994 35.6 35.3 32.6 41.5 51.8 38.8 0.687 16.200 0.07134 0.02626Zimbabwe 1999 47.9 50.8 41.9 41.8 50.0 46.2 0.958 2.100 -0.01449 0.02304

G. ALL COUNTRIES 29.8 34.8 37.1 41.6 51.2 37.2 0.583 21.364 0.12617 0.02540


Treatment of Childhood Illnesses

MEDICAL TREATMENT OF FEVER (Cont.)


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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC 28.0 28.2 26.8 19.0 17.9 25.2 1.562 10.086 -0.04531 0.02865Cambodia 2000 10.8 11.4 10.5 11.2 18.1 12.0 0.597 7.300 0.05846 0.03010Indonesia 1997 30.4 33.6 34.1 27.8 20.0 29.6 1.520 10.400 -0.08718 0.01322Indonesia 2002/03 32.0 40.6 38.9 32.5 22.8 34.1 1.407 9.253 0.00896 0.01240Philippines 1998 25.6 26.9 21.9 15.5 5.4 21.5 4.741 20.200 -0.12442 0.02339Philippines 2003 38.7 34.3 37.6 16.3 11.6 31.1 3.336 27.090 -0.13486 0.02139Vietnam 1997 19.6 35.2 20.3 25.7 26.8 25.2 0.731 7.200 0.00981 0.04561Vietnam 2002 30.6 26.6 20.1 15.9 19.3 23.6 1.585 11.300 -0.11381 0.05071

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na 26.1 na na 26.7 na na 0.15664 0.10043Armenia 2000 15.2 20.3 (29.8) 22.4 (36.4) 23.9 0.418 51.600 0.09492 0.06846Kazakhstan 1995 * * * (23.3) * 23.8 - - 0.07173 0.10854Kazakhstan 1999 (20.2) * (20.6) (18.8) * 20.0 - - -0.01498 0.09665Kyrgyzstan 1997 (15.2) * * * * 23.6 - - 0.02198 0.07857Turkey 1993 18.7 29.5 32.6 32.7 22.2 26.5 0.842 3.500 0.05947 0.03090Turkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 * * (38.6) * (55.3) 53.9 - - na naUzbekistan 1996 * * (15.2) * (39.2) 12.1 - - 0.52464 0.15805

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 32.7 39.5 38.1 35.5 28.1 35.2 1.162 4.563 0.01583 0.01954Bolivia 1998 21.2 24.4 24.6 27.9 28.0 24.6 0.757 6.800 0.06144 0.02252Bolivia 2003 35.6 45.7 42.3 40.1 33.8 40.0 1.055 1.843 0.00073 0.01437Brazil 1996 20.5 31.2 25.5 30.1 18.5 24.9 1.108 2.000 0.04579 0.02795Colombia 1995 13.9 17.7 21.2 20.8 14.4 17.7 0.965 0.500 0.05513 0.03144Colombia 2000 24.4 27.6 29.5 23.7 20.6 25.6 1.184 3.800 -0.00254 0.02744Colombia 2005 38.3 44.2 38.7 27.9 25.7 36.7 1.492 12.616 -0.04940 0.01395Dominican Republic 1996 27.7 25.4 20.1 15.3 9.6 21.2 2.885 18.100 -0.13928 0.03077Dominican Republic 2002 55.4 50.7 49.9 42.3 23.8 47.2 2.329 31.610 -0.10444 0.01213Guatemala 1995 13.4 13.7 23.0 13.2 10.0 15.0 1.340 3.400 0.02730 0.02695Guatemala 1998/99 14.7 23.5 21.5 15.8 13.3 18.3 1.105 1.400 0.00707 0.03204Haiti 1994/95 3.8 7.9 10.7 11.3 9.7 8.2 0.392 5.900 0.19747 0.05059Haiti 2000 21.6 27.5 26.7 29.5 37.3 27.2 0.579 15.700 0.08660 0.01971Nicaragua 1997/98 34.5 44.8 40.4 36.3 23.9 37.3 1.444 10.600 0.02170 0.01875Nicaragua 2001 46.2 59.3 54.4 46.4 35.9 49.6 1.287 10.300 -0.00060 0.01656Paraguay 1990 16.1 27.0 34.8 30.9 18.8 24.7 0.856 2.700 0.12375 0.02839Peru 1996 24.0 32.0 30.7 34.0 20.2 28.5 1.188 3.800 0.04396 0.01289Peru 2000 45.6 46.3 49.2 56.3 45.9 47.9 0.993 0.300 0.03299 0.01079

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA 17.8 19.7 19.3 19.8 13.0 18.2 1.365 4.764 -0.00637 0.02330Egypt 1995 12.6 13.5 13.7 11.1 8.6 12.0 1.465 4.000 -0.04106 0.02235Egypt 2000 16.0 16.2 14.2 10.0 3.6 12.6 4.444 12.400 -0.12402 0.03171Jordan 1997 27.1 20.1 21.5 18.1 10.0 20.2 2.710 17.100 -0.08813 0.01677Morocco 1992 8.4 8.6 13.5 15.5 17.7 12.1 0.475 9.300 0.15806 0.04544Morocco 2003/04 17.0 30.2 27.6 33.0 22.3 26.1 0.761 5.346 0.06022 0.02252Yemen 1997 11.1 12.2 13.9 18.0 16.2 13.9 0.685 5.100 0.12646 0.02219

E. SOUTH ASIA 9.7 13.4 13.7 14.9 11.4 12.6 0.855 1.654 0.07988 0.03268Bangladesh 1996/97 4.4 5.2 4.6 8.2 5.7 5.5 0.772 1.300 0.05527 0.05662Bangladesh 1999/2000 4.5 4.6 5.0 4.4 3.8 4.5 1.184 0.700 -0.04956 0.05509Bangladesh 2004 2.4 3.2 5.5 6.2 7.3 4.6 0.326 4.917 0.26714 0.05479India 1992/93 17.6 16.3 19.7 19.6 11.6 17.2 1.517 6.000 -0.00692 0.01356India 1998/99 8.1 10.9 10.5 10.6 8.8 9.8 0.920 0.700 0.04470 0.01784Nepal 1996 9.3 10.1 11.2 15.8 12.5 11.6 0.744 3.200 0.13235 0.03807Nepal 2001 17.1 20.4 20.7 23.2 17.7 19.8 0.966 0.600 0.03125 0.02589Pakistan 1990/91 11.4 19.1 18.2 19.6 11.8 16.3 0.966 0.400 -0.02356 0.03221


TREATMENT OF FEVER IN A PUBLIC FACILITY


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 23.0 24.6 26.9 30.8 35.6 27.6 0.644 12.684 0.12635 0.02697Benin 1996 8.2 10.3 9.4 8.1 11.4 9.3 0.719 3.200 0.02725 0.04751Benin 2001 20.2 23.5 24.1 27.2 18.6 23.0 1.086 1.600 0.03051 0.02395Burkina Faso 1992/93 13.7 14.4 20.5 19.7 27.5 18.7 0.500 13.735 0.17522 0.02791Burkina Faso 1998/99 8.3 8.8 14.4 11.6 30.8 13.6 0.269 22.500 0.29312 0.03716Burkina Faso 2003 22.3 22.9 33.3 34.1 54.4 31.8 0.410 32.078 0.17148 0.01452Cameroon 1991 15.2 20.0 23.9 32.2 35.0 26.4 0.434 19.800 0.15367 0.03469Cameroon 1998 9.2 9.1 11.1 17.3 22.0 13.1 0.418 12.800 0.19060 0.06235Cameroon 2004 26.9 26.6 33.7 26.0 33.3 29.2 0.808 6.396 0.03306 0.02355Central African Republic 1994/95 19.0 17.6 30.9 31.7 41.5 28.3 0.458 22.500 0.17713 0.02985Chad 1996/97 0.2 3.0 0.8 5.1 12.1 4.4 0.017 11.900 0.60581 0.07144Chad 2004 1.8 4.3 5.6 7.9 29.6 9.7 0.062 27.732 0.52896 0.04264Comoros 1996 21.8 24.3 23.5 23.3 29.9 24.3 0.729 8.100 0.04665 0.04801Côte d'Ivoire 1994 17.6 28.4 32.1 43.1 53.4 32.7 0.330 35.800 0.20595 0.02027Eritrea 1995 16.4 14.9 18.6 37.0 33.6 21.9 0.488 17.200 0.19406 0.03660Ethiopia 2000 11.3 10.2 11.1 9.8 30.2 13.6 0.374 18.900 0.29850 0.03267Gabon 2000 36.1 48.1 44.2 58.0 50.2 47.1 0.719 14.100 0.07020 0.01783Ghana 1993 27.3 33.3 40.7 46.7 51.4 38.3 0.531 24.100 0.13177 0.03011Ghana 1998 8.2 5.6 12.4 9.9 12.6 9.3 0.651 4.400 0.06783 0.06277Ghana 2003 38.6 28.0 36.1 45.0 56.4 39.9 0.685 17.798 0.06111 0.02763Guinea 1999 14.0 9.6 15.2 27.0 32.4 18.9 0.432 18.400 0.21768 0.02708Kenya 1993 26.8 34.9 28.3 42.8 31.4 32.6 0.851 4.682 0.07777 0.01754Kenya 1998 39.3 33.9 37.8 35.1 34.2 36.3 1.149 5.100 0.00164 0.01997Kenya 2003 27.3 27.9 31.0 34.1 25.7 29.0 1.060 1.553 0.00715 0.01920Madagascar 1997 16.9 16.2 19.5 21.3 19.3 18.4 0.876 2.400 0.00033 0.03607Malawi 1992 35.1 37.8 35.1 34.7 45.2 37.2 0.777 10.100 0.03192 0.01890Malawi 2000 8.0 7.7 8.7 8.6 9.5 8.4 0.842 1.500 0.06138 0.03132Mali 1995/96 4.7 4.9 6.8 10.1 18.5 8.3 0.254 13.806 0.28390 0.04816Mali 2001 6.5 7.1 11.4 14.2 43.4 15.1 0.150 36.900 0.41355 0.02839Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 12.1 19.3 18.7 22.6 36.8 20.9 0.329 24.700 0.20130 0.03109Mozambique 2003 40.2 42.7 48.7 62.2 65.0 50.3 0.619 24.804 0.08478 0.01089Namibia 1992 62.2 65.7 62.9 62.4 63.3 63.4 0.983 1.100 -0.00468 0.01257Namibia 2000 47.1 54.6 52.5 46.2 53.0 50.2 0.889 5.900 -0.00933 0.02063Niger 1998 5.9 4.8 7.0 10.4 20.9 8.9 0.282 15.000 0.35374 0.04717Nigeria 1990 21.7 23.7 30.2 36.4 49.0 30.6 0.443 27.300 0.15073 0.01816Nigeria 2003 14.4 17.4 25.9 38.5 34.7 24.7 0.417 20.219 0.16839 0.02589Rwanda 2000 14.3 12.6 18.4 21.2 21.9 17.6 0.653 7.600 0.11593 0.02482Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 29.5 35.9 36.6 36.9 39.1 35.4 0.754 9.600 0.04974 0.01767Tanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 46.9 53.9 44.9 46.2 54.2 48.9 0.865 7.298 0.02170 0.01470Togo 1998 10.5 10.0 10.2 18.6 21.6 13.2 0.486 11.100 0.12555 0.03997Uganda 1995 16.7 14.4 15.4 19.4 14.8 16.2 1.128 1.900 -0.01037 0.02767Uganda 2000/01 21.8 27.3 21.2 20.7 18.4 22.3 1.185 3.400 -0.04601 0.02000Zambia 1996 55.0 57.3 58.5 61.3 51.0 56.8 1.078 4.000 0.00809 0.01076Zambia 2001 51.3 49.3 55.2 59.3 47.5 52.9 1.080 3.800 0.02870 0.01119Zimbabwe 1994 32.8 27.4 25.8 35.8 37.7 32.0 0.870 4.900 0.03568 0.03010Zimbabwe 1999 39.5 49.4 37.3 29.0 27.9 36.9 1.416 11.600 -0.07604 0.02642

G. ALL COUNTRIES 23.3 26.3 27.2 28.1 29.6 26.8 0.786 6.324 0.08170 0.03171




TREATMENT OF FEVER IN A PUBLIC FACILITY (Cont.)

- 93 -




B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na 0.30820 0.79883Armenia 2000 0.0 0.0 (2.7) 4.1 0.0 1.5 - 0.000 0.05977 0.22656Kazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1999 (2.7) * 0.0 0.0 * 0.8 - - -0.67729 0.64998Kyrgyzstan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1993 3.8 9.7 10.2 12.1 20.8 10.0 0.183 17.000 0.25016 0.05534Turkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 na na na na na na na na na naUzbekistan 1996 * * 0.0 * (2.6) 0.4 - - 1.54212 1.51996





TREATMENT OF FEVER IN A PRIVATE FACILITY


- 94 -



F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 4.9 5.5 5.9 7.5 13.3 7.0 0.366 8.447 0.30493 0.09465Benin 1996 1.2 1.2 1.6 3.1 12.4 2.9 0.097 11.200 0.41265 0.10788Benin 2001 3.7 5.5 7.1 10.3 23.5 8.3 0.157 19.800 0.31676 0.04986Burkina Faso 1992/93 0.0 0.3 0.9 0.1 1.9 0.6 - 1.890 0.73901 0.22670Burkina Faso 1998/99 0.5 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.9 0.4 0.556 0.400 0.37136 0.25886Burkina Faso 2003 1.3 1.3 0.7 0.9 2.7 1.2 0.464 1.467 0.17030 0.11458Cameroon 1991 10.1 9.0 13.7 11.3 11.9 11.1 0.849 1.800 0.05941 0.05483Cameroon 1998 2.6 4.9 4.8 13.2 10.3 6.9 0.252 7.700 0.29707 0.08361Cameroon 2004 5.5 8.0 7.8 19.7 19.2 11.8 0.288 13.693 0.25566 0.04258Central African Republic 1994/95 1.1 3.5 1.7 7.0 2.8 3.4 0.393 1.700 0.18520 0.09123Chad 1996/97 1.5 3.2 6.0 5.3 3.3 3.8 0.455 1.800 0.08341 0.05482Chad 2004 1.3 0.6 1.4 1.3 4.7 1.8 0.277 3.407 0.71180 0.12708Comoros 1996 4.5 4.3 6.1 4.9 7.8 5.4 0.577 3.300 0.13079 0.10912Côte d'Ivoire 1994 0.9 2.0 1.8 1.4 2.4 1.6 0.375 1.500 0.08146 0.09890Eritrea 1995 0.1 0.8 1.5 1.1 3.4 1.1 0.029 3.300 0.51397 0.21443Ethiopia 2000 2.3 3.3 3.7 2.3 10.9 4.1 0.211 8.600 0.47783 0.06442Gabon 2000 1.7 3.2 3.0 2.0 10.5 3.8 0.162 8.800 0.18384 0.09236Ghana 1993 9.1 7.2 6.2 12.0 12.9 8.8 0.705 3.800 0.07153 0.08723Ghana 1998 0.3 1.2 0.8 4.6 6.2 2.0 0.048 5.900 0.46703 0.15175Ghana 2003 2.7 5.5 6.4 9.3 13.7 6.9 0.200 10.930 0.34740 0.08560Guinea 1999 1.4 1.3 2.0 0.2 2.7 1.5 0.519 1.300 0.10723 0.10856Kenya 1993 11.0 12.4 13.8 12.3 26.9 14.7 0.409 15.918 0.17611 0.03146Kenya 1998 13.6 22.6 21.7 24.3 35.8 22.5 0.380 22.200 0.16856 0.02766Kenya 2003 14.3 14.3 14.8 15.4 28.9 17.3 0.496 14.585 0.17259 0.02969Madagascar 1997 6.8 7.6 4.2 4.6 15.5 7.1 0.439 8.700 0.13930 0.07398Malawi 1992 13.4 8.6 10.8 14.2 18.0 12.8 0.744 4.600 0.12716 0.03881Malawi 2000 2.0 2.9 3.3 4.2 9.0 3.9 0.222 7.000 0.22869 0.04670Mali 1995/96 2.9 3.4 7.9 5.2 17.5 6.6 0.169 14.530 0.39143 0.05420Mali 2001 11.7 11.8 13.6 14.8 17.3 13.6 0.676 5.600 0.09832 0.02716Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 - 0.300 0.27099 0.62180Mozambique 2003 1.1 0.0 1.0 0.7 3.1 1.1 0.369 1.931 0.46920 0.15632Namibia 1992 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 6.3 1.2 - 6.300 0.68691 0.18834Namibia 2000 1.9 2.0 0.6 3.6 12.0 3.8 0.158 10.100 0.67226 0.13865Niger 1998 1.3 0.1 0.3 0.3 1.1 0.5 1.182 0.200 -0.02531 0.25041Nigeria 1990 0.1 1.4 1.5 1.2 7.1 1.9 0.014 7.000 0.79035 0.13025Nigeria 2003 5.9 3.6 5.9 7.0 19.8 7.3 0.297 13.901 0.30499 0.06511Rwanda 2000 0.0 0.0 0.6 1.2 3.1 0.9 - 3.100 1.11920 0.18226Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 1.8 3.0 2.0 4.4 5.5 3.2 0.327 3.700 0.13473 0.06771Tanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 4.0 5.6 8.6 8.1 22.1 8.7 0.183 18.006 0.33055 0.05131Togo 1998 0.2 0.3 1.0 3.9 8.4 2.1 0.024 8.200 0.51569 0.11210Uganda 1995 16.7 25.8 22.7 26.0 29.0 23.4 0.576 12.300 0.09086 0.02140Uganda 2000/01 33.6 39.2 43.8 49.2 61.0 43.7 0.551 27.400 0.11861 0.01234Zambia 1996 4.4 6.7 5.0 5.4 22.8 7.9 0.193 18.400 0.29160 0.04557Zambia 2001 8.8 15.1 9.2 9.0 20.4 11.4 0.431 11.600 0.02690 0.03334Zimbabwe 1994 2.8 7.9 6.8 5.7 12.8 6.6 0.219 10.000 0.25169 0.07983Zimbabwe 1999 8.4 1.4 4.6 12.1 20.3 8.8 0.414 11.900 0.27504 0.08280

G. ALL COUNTRIES 6.3 8.0 9.4 12.9 21.4 10.3 0.296 15.106 0.30262 0.11257



TREATMENT OF FEVER IN A PRIVATE FACILITY (Cont.)


- 95 -



A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC 49.0 55.2 54.5 60.2 70.4 56.0 0.696 21.359 0.08807 0.01931Cambodia 2000 31.7 30.0 33.1 42.9 52.3 36.6 0.606 20.600 0.11531 0.02071Indonesia 1997 52.2 67.9 73.6 78.8 80.5 68.7 0.648 28.300 0.07273 0.00934Indonesia 2002/03 48.3 63.6 58.8 69.7 73.8 61.3 0.655 25.471 0.13008 0.01302Philippines 1998 47.3 55.0 62.9 67.5 74.2 57.9 0.637 26.900 0.07353 0.01587Philippines 2003 50.2 49.0 58.7 61.0 75.2 54.8 0.667 25.066 0.09026 0.02036Vietnam 1997 55.7 69.9 (72.1) (77.5) (82.7) 68.9 0.674 138.400 0.07849 0.02412Vietnam 2002 65.8 78.2 (67.5) (67.4) (80.1) 71.3 0.821 145.900 0.01663 0.02314

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na 52.3 na na 0.10085 0.08057Armenia 2000 (20.2) (27.7) (30.5) (35.1) (16.4) 26.2 1.232 3.800 0.02099 0.06982Kazakhstan 1995 * * * * * (47.7) - - -0.06522 0.09100Kazakhstan 1999 * * * * * (48.0) - - 0.14689 0.09082Kyrgyzstan 1997 * * * * * (48.0) - - 0.08576 0.07376Turkey 1993 25.3 33.0 39.3 56.2 (54.4) 37.3 0.465 79.700 0.14934 0.03758Turkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 * * * * * * - - na naUzbekistan 1996 * * * * * (87.1) - - 0.14977 0.08788

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 42.6 51.2 54.1 55.2 61.3 51.2 0.695 18.699 0.09772 0.01533Bolivia 1998 27.6 37.3 41.1 58.4 69.5 42.5 0.397 41.900 0.18700 0.01659Bolivia 2003 39.7 53.5 49.0 46.8 55.5 48.0 0.716 15.773 0.03024 0.01401Brazil 1996 33.4 47.4 47.6 52.6 65.1 46.1 0.513 31.700 0.12574 0.01877Colombia 1995 34.3 50.5 49.4 53.7 68.0 48.7 0.504 33.700 0.11586 0.01693Colombia 2000 * * * * * * - - 0.15901 0.02232Colombia 2005 48.9 63.0 62.7 70.2 71.6 61.6 0.683 22.690 0.08086 0.01302Dominican Republic 1996 38.8 49.2 52.6 46.9 60.2 47.8 0.645 21.400 0.08573 0.01804Dominican Republic 2002 66.0 60.9 69.3 64.4 50.0 63.5 1.322 16.075 0.00043 0.01022Guatemala 1995 30.9 34.4 50.5 51.6 75.2 44.3 0.411 44.300 0.15911 0.01524Guatemala 1998/99 28.5 38.9 38.0 40.5 (47.8) 37.4 0.596 76.300 0.11709 0.02469Haiti 1994/95 17.7 26.8 23.8 35.7 40.4 27.2 0.438 22.700 0.15232 0.03842Haiti 2000 31.7 34.5 42.5 38.5 47.4 37.4 0.669 15.700 0.09868 0.01577Nicaragua 1997/98 45.2 56.2 62.6 67.1 73.9 57.8 0.612 28.700 0.09249 0.01128Nicaragua 2001 45.0 61.1 62.6 59.2 74.5 57.7 0.604 29.500 0.09556 0.01202Paraguay 1990 * * * * * * - - 0.23437 0.01945Peru 1996 35.8 44.6 51.5 56.2 56.4 45.7 0.635 20.600 0.09526 0.01048Peru 2000 47.9 50.6 61.3 69.2 78.9 57.9 0.607 31.000 0.09645 0.00998

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA 42.3 50.4 52.3 62.8 64.2 53.1 0.659 21.854 0.14163 0.01934Egypt 1995 47.9 55.7 62.6 69.4 77.8 61.7 0.616 29.900 0.09646 0.00879Egypt 2000 52.5 63.7 66.8 81.2 74.0 66.0 0.709 21.500 0.08972 0.01279Jordan 1997 75.5 77.4 74.2 77.8 76.4 76.3 0.988 0.900 na naMorocco 1992 8.4 14.4 18.1 26.1 35.5 17.4 0.237 27.100 0.27055 0.04971Morocco 2003/04 19.2 34.1 37.0 52.9 58.1 37.8 0.330 38.914 0.17354 0.02802Yemen 1997 22.1 26.6 31.4 39.4 48.2 32.2 0.459 26.100 0.16163 0.01720

E. SOUTH ASIA 34.1 41.5 45.0 50.1 62.2 44.7 0.548 28.088 0.14240 0.01998Bangladesh 1996/97 23.0 29.1 31.8 38.5 51.3 32.9 0.448 28.300 0.14493 0.03130Bangladesh 1999/2000 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 2004 10.7 15.2 18.2 27.8 44.1 20.0 0.243 33.351 0.28894 0.03541India 1992/93 63.8 60.6 67.4 77.7 85.5 68.6 0.746 21.700 0.07242 0.00694India 1998/99 53.3 60.6 71.2 78.4 82.2 66.6 0.648 28.900 0.10070 0.00516Nepal 1996 11.6 16.6 18.6 22.4 26.6 18.2 0.436 15.000 0.17854 0.03282Nepal 2001 23.0 23.5 26.3 24.7 37.1 26.1 0.620 14.100 0.08032 0.02542Pakistan 1990/91 49.4 66.8 64.5 69.6 85.4 66.3 0.578 36.000 0.09963 0.01393


MEDICAL TREATMENT OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION


- 96 -



F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 32.8 35.8 40.3 46.2 58.2 41.3 0.563 25.474 0.14755 0.02866Benin 1996 23.8 27.3 28.4 31.4 (62.4) 31.7 0.381 86.200 0.16346 0.03933Benin 2001 26.3 33.1 35.5 36.1 49.3 35.1 0.533 23.000 0.10959 0.03480Burkina Faso 1992/93 (6.8) 15.5 20.0 11.2 (39.8) 18.3 0.171 32.959 0.28528 0.07873Burkina Faso 1998/99 13.8 12.5 23.0 24.9 49.7 21.9 0.278 35.900 0.31735 0.04531Burkina Faso 2003 24.8 23.2 35.4 35.3 73.4 35.9 0.338 48.567 0.20876 0.02685Cameroon 1991 (19.2) 41.4 (48.7) 65.4 54.1 46.4 0.355 73.300 0.14749 0.03757Cameroon 1998 25.4 21.6 30.6 44.2 52.4 33.6 0.485 27.000 0.19468 0.03738Cameroon 2004 30.9 27.4 51.5 47.3 53.4 40.7 0.578 22.505 0.12488 0.02544Central African Republic 1994/95 30.1 29.1 45.3 46.6 56.1 41.2 0.537 26.000 0.13807 0.02543Chad 1996/97 4.5 15.5 19.0 18.6 35.5 19.2 0.127 31.000 0.32295 0.03922Chad 2004 7.4 4.9 6.4 9.4 20.3 9.6 0.367 12.871 0.38415 0.07940Comoros 1996 41.5 64.3 (62.5) (44.2) (58.1) 53.2 0.714 99.600 0.04335 0.03669Côte d'Ivoire 1994 15.4 33.2 36.5 43.6 63.6 38.9 0.242 48.200 0.23121 0.03048Eritrea 1995 24.4 28.3 33.5 57.1 60.9 37.1 0.401 36.500 0.19948 0.03267Ethiopia 2000 8.6 12.9 16.8 14.2 30.9 15.8 0.278 22.300 0.30688 0.03318Gabon 2000 31.8 42.6 48.3 68.9 48.7 47.7 0.653 16.900 0.11899 0.02695Ghana 1993 22.6 38.2 (59.5) (51.9) (54.8) 42.8 0.412 77.400 0.17744 0.04717Ghana 1998 24.3 18.7 23.3 29.9 (46.7) 26.2 0.520 71.000 0.07132 0.05031Ghana 2003 31.1 40.0 47.2 50.8 (68.9) 44.0 0.451 100.036 0.11884 0.03457Guinea 1999 27.6 23.6 37.0 54.0 64.7 39.4 0.427 37.100 0.20644 0.02491Kenya 1993 45.1 64.9 43.2 61.9 58.0 55.3 0.777 12.907 0.05700 0.02912Kenya 1998 54.9 53.6 51.6 55.1 78.5 57.3 0.699 23.600 0.04734 0.02099Kenya 2003 43.7 41.5 46.1 57.4 63.8 49.1 0.686 20.044 0.08710 0.01903Madagascar 1997 35.1 33.5 32.1 36.9 59.3 36.6 0.592 24.200 0.05921 0.02810Malawi 1992 49.2 54.7 53.4 49.0 65.1 53.7 0.756 15.900 0.04729 0.02300Malawi 2000 17.9 25.7 23.2 32.0 45.4 26.7 0.394 27.500 0.16085 0.01881Mali 1995/96 18.2 19.3 28.2 35.7 68.2 32.3 0.267 49.951 0.27376 0.02920Mali 2001 21.6 28.9 26.7 33.6 69.7 35.6 0.310 48.100 0.25100 0.02321Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 17.3 31.9 45.8 56.5 46.1 38.5 0.375 28.800 0.18164 0.03454Mozambique 2003 42.2 53.8 53.2 65.9 62.5 55.4 0.675 20.335 0.07259 0.01781Namibia 1992 63.4 68.7 65.7 68.1 74.4 67.2 0.852 11.000 0.01438 0.01492Namibia 2000 49.9 37.6 58.5 59.2 71.8 53.1 0.695 21.900 0.06675 0.02040Niger 1998 20.5 14.6 15.2 29.1 58.0 25.5 0.353 37.500 0.29685 0.04231Nigeria 1990 32.6 33.2 34.6 40.1 51.6 37.2 0.632 19.000 0.06891 0.03461Nigeria 2003 18.4 25.4 33.2 45.2 60.5 32.8 0.304 42.149 0.17154 0.03522Rwanda 2000 10.1 9.2 13.7 16.5 30.1 15.1 0.336 20.000 0.29643 0.03744Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 75.7 73.6 75.1 76.9 75.7 75.3 1.000 0.000 0.00403 0.01249Tanzania 1996 61.8 65.0 74.8 69.7 77.0 69.6 0.803 15.200 0.04686 0.01346Tanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 52.3 61.0 65.2 55.3 67.1 59.4 0.779 14.812 0.05429 0.01890Togo 1998 18.0 18.3 22.9 36.3 48.2 26.2 0.373 30.200 0.19509 0.03765Uganda 1995 48.9 58.1 64.3 69.3 74.9 61.4 0.653 26.000 0.06631 0.01263Uganda 2000/01 61.3 68.7 55.9 68.5 83.0 66.5 0.739 21.700 0.04498 0.01111Zambia 1996 71.0 77.2 81.7 82.8 88.9 79.5 0.799 17.900 0.04022 0.01047Zambia 2001 63.0 66.8 70.6 75.4 73.2 69.1 0.861 10.200 0.04279 0.01329Zimbabwe 1994 44.2 47.4 54.7 64.5 62.1 52.2 0.712 17.900 0.08809 0.02270Zimbabwe 1999 55.1 46.2 40.7 53.0 55.9 49.8 0.986 0.800 -0.01031 0.02677

G. ALL COUNTRIES 36.4 41.5 45.0 50.4 59.7 46.1 0.610 23.308 0.12968 0.02842



MEDICAL TREATMENT OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION (Cont.)


- 97 -



A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC 36.3 34.0 28.4 24.0 19.9 30.6 1.827 16.431 -0.03158 0.03403Cambodia 2000 12.1 13.7 12.3 13.3 22.3 14.1 0.543 10.200 0.08107 0.03559Indonesia 1997 32.2 44.1 38.6 26.3 28.3 34.4 1.138 3.900 -0.06741 0.01889Indonesia 2002/03 39.8 43.7 29.5 27.3 19.6 33.6 2.037 20.289 -0.03535 0.02544Philippines 1998 37.4 37.7 31.1 18.9 11.9 30.9 3.143 25.500 -0.12402 0.02520Philippines 2003 42.8 39.4 39.7 30.7 14.6 37.6 2.940 28.235 -0.06472 0.02972Vietnam 1997 29.7 47.5 (32.9) (52.2) (53.2) 41.0 0.558 82.900 0.07070 0.04070Vietnam 2002 50.5 39.1 (32.3) (24.9) (23.1) 37.1 2.186 73.600 -0.10731 0.04538

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na 51.2 na na 0.08419 0.08831Armenia 2000 (20.2) (27.7) (26.5) (31.8) (16.4) 24.9 1.232 3.800 0.00827 0.07021Kazakhstan 1995 * * * * * (46.3) - - -0.08028 0.09520Kazakhstan 1999 * * * * * (48.0) - - 0.14689 0.09082Kyrgyzstan 1997 * * * * * (48.0) - - 0.08576 0.07376Turkey 1993 22.0 26.1 30.9 37.7 (31.0) 28.1 0.710 53.000 0.10079 0.04569Turkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 * * * * * * - - na naUzbekistan 1996 * * * * * (83.9) - - 0.09582 0.11846

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 38.2 45.6 43.1 40.7 34.8 41.0 1.096 3.345 0.00852 0.01871Bolivia 1998 26.8 33.0 33.2 39.7 32.2 32.4 0.832 5.400 0.09068 0.02166Bolivia 2003 33.4 50.1 46.6 36.9 32.5 40.4 1.030 0.958 -0.01555 0.01656Brazil 1996 31.1 42.4 32.0 36.8 27.0 34.4 1.152 4.100 0.01913 0.02489Colombia 1995 21.8 30.7 28.8 29.0 12.6 24.9 1.730 9.200 -0.01611 0.02788Colombia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2005 45.2 59.9 57.2 56.3 64.8 55.5 0.698 19.562 0.05760 0.01478Dominican Republic 1996 33.1 37.9 35.8 22.1 15.5 31.0 2.135 17.600 -0.07052 0.02513Dominican Republic 2002 59.7 49.5 52.6 45.9 19.7 49.0 3.038 40.066 -0.10750 0.01357Guatemala 1995 21.9 21.4 30.4 21.8 18.3 23.2 1.197 3.600 0.01819 0.02377Guatemala 1998/99 25.1 32.7 25.5 17.1 (25.8) 26.1 0.973 50.900 -0.01216 0.03193Haiti 1994/95 4.3 8.5 10.2 13.8 9.8 9.1 0.439 5.500 0.18823 0.06913Haiti 2000 21.5 26.2 28.2 27.6 28.4 25.9 0.757 6.900 0.07572 0.02059Nicaragua 1997/98 42.1 51.0 54.6 49.8 37.7 47.4 1.117 4.400 0.02946 0.01456Nicaragua 2001 42.4 55.8 47.9 43.6 33.6 45.8 1.262 8.800 0.00164 0.01555Paraguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 34.8 40.6 44.3 44.1 32.2 39.3 1.081 2.600 0.04263 0.01226Peru 2000 46.9 48.0 55.1 61.0 46.9 50.9 1.000 0.000 0.04929 0.01181

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA 30.7 29.8 33.3 29.5 20.6 29.5 1.489 10.086 0.03112 0.02960Egypt 1995 19.2 18.6 17.6 15.3 13.5 17.1 1.422 5.700 -0.04688 0.02368Egypt 2000 28.7 27.5 22.0 21.0 9.4 23.1 3.053 19.300 -0.08923 0.03157Jordan 1997 59.6 45.9 53.5 39.3 18.9 46.0 3.153 40.700 na naMorocco 1992 7.1 10.6 16.3 16.5 21.1 12.8 0.336 14.000 0.19680 0.05840Morocco 2003/04 17.3 27.0 33.4 31.7 28.5 27.1 0.608 11.157 0.06597 0.03568Yemen 1997 17.2 19.0 24.2 26.0 25.7 22.0 0.669 8.500 0.11661 0.02156

E. SOUTH ASIA 11.5 15.0 15.8 15.6 14.3 14.3 0.805 2.774 0.11514 0.04019Bangladesh 1996/97 7.4 10.3 12.2 14.4 14.4 11.3 0.514 7.000 0.10005 0.06082Bangladesh 1999/2000 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 2004 2.4 4.0 6.4 9.4 10.2 5.6 0.238 7.797 0.32440 0.06915India 1992/93 18.3 18.3 20.4 19.4 13.6 18.5 1.346 4.700 0.01122 0.02223India 1998/99 11.5 14.1 14.6 16.0 14.0 13.9 0.821 2.500 0.10434 0.01869Nepal 1996 10.7 14.4 13.4 18.6 17.1 14.5 0.626 6.400 0.12974 0.03707Nepal 2001 21.2 20.7 19.2 19.8 18.6 20.0 1.140 2.600 -0.02213 0.03097Pakistan 1990/91 10.8 21.3 23.1 17.0 14.2 17.7 0.761 3.400 0.05395 0.04193


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 26.9 28.5 32.9 37.4 41.2 32.7 0.653 14.303 0.13275 0.03547Benin 1996 18.5 24.3 24.2 20.5 (24.2) 22.2 0.764 42.700 0.07276 0.04839Benin 2001 20.6 25.8 24.9 33.0 23.7 25.7 0.869 3.100 0.06704 0.04251Burkina Faso 1992/93 (3.4) 15.5 20.0 9.3 (36.4) 16.8 0.094 33.038 0.27220 0.07762Burkina Faso 1998/99 13.2 12.5 22.0 24.2 46.2 21.0 0.286 33.000 0.30840 0.04628Burkina Faso 2003 24.2 19.6 34.5 33.2 66.3 33.4 0.364 42.167 0.19896 0.03003Cameroon 1991 (3.2) 21.9 (38.3) 25.0 33.8 24.4 0.095 37.000 0.19963 0.05866Cameroon 1998 20.3 13.5 24.9 27.6 38.1 23.9 0.533 17.800 0.15910 0.05064Cameroon 2004 27.0 18.9 39.4 31.9 30.7 29.0 0.878 3.736 0.04489 0.03463Central African Republic 1994/95 26.8 21.5 41.0 37.4 50.6 35.2 0.530 23.800 0.14813 0.02939Chad 1996/97 0.5 7.2 6.6 12.4 28.3 11.5 0.018 27.800 0.53797 0.05598Chad 2004 1.8 2.3 1.1 1.8 17.5 5.0 0.105 15.682 0.61162 0.13458Comoros 1996 33.8 48.2 (50.0) (32.6) (41.9) 40.9 0.807 75.700 0.03269 0.04715Côte d'Ivoire 1994 14.2 30.2 32.0 43.6 61.3 36.8 0.232 47.100 0.24462 0.03169Eritrea 1995 24.4 26.8 30.5 53.9 52.1 34.7 0.468 27.700 0.17847 0.03535Ethiopia 2000 7.4 10.3 14.3 11.4 25.2 13.0 0.294 17.800 0.26127 0.03611Gabon 2000 30.7 37.9 45.3 58.9 41.1 42.6 0.747 10.400 0.10469 0.02893Ghana 1993 15.1 30.9 (50.0) (44.4) (45.2) 34.6 0.334 60.300 0.21408 0.05227Ghana 1998 28.4 25.5 25.6 25.1 (41.0) 28.1 0.693 69.400 0.02309 0.04477Ghana 2003 27.0 31.4 44.3 48.7 (55.6) 38.4 0.485 82.624 0.10880 0.03909Guinea 1999 24.0 20.9 30.4 53.4 58.5 35.6 0.410 34.500 0.22424 0.02644Kenya 1993 31.1 45.5 31.7 52.8 40.5 41.3 0.768 9.399 0.06792 0.03868Kenya 1998 37.9 30.6 34.0 37.4 41.2 35.9 0.920 3.300 0.01626 0.03353Kenya 2003 31.7 27.0 31.0 38.4 33.6 31.7 0.945 1.847 0.02557 0.02752Madagascar 1997 26.4 25.4 25.7 32.3 36.8 28.0 0.717 10.400 0.03343 0.03239Malawi 1992 31.2 39.0 32.7 39.4 43.0 36.5 0.726 11.800 0.07142 0.03331Malawi 2000 14.5 17.0 16.4 21.2 25.0 18.0 0.580 10.500 0.12625 0.02488Mali 1995/96 13.0 11.2 12.4 23.4 43.5 19.6 0.298 30.537 0.24517 0.04409Mali 2001 8.9 9.6 13.0 22.3 49.6 20.3 0.179 40.700 0.41265 0.03783Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 17.3 30.8 45.8 55.7 45.9 38.2 0.377 28.600 0.18107 0.03463Mozambique 2003 41.2 53.8 53.2 65.0 59.8 54.4 0.689 18.582 0.06559 0.01862Namibia 1992 63.0 68.7 65.7 68.1 61.0 65.4 1.033 2.000 0.00368 0.01614Namibia 2000 47.7 36.3 57.9 54.9 60.6 50.1 0.787 12.900 0.03089 0.02279Niger 1998 17.6 14.1 15.2 27.2 56.8 24.3 0.310 39.200 0.32126 0.04241Nigeria 1990 32.6 31.8 34.6 38.6 43.1 35.3 0.756 10.500 0.04066 0.03578Nigeria 2003 12.2 22.5 26.0 40.6 35.4 25.5 0.344 23.235 0.14537 0.03939Rwanda 2000 9.1 9.2 13.7 15.9 23.1 13.8 0.394 14.000 0.22125 0.03709Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 67.5 56.0 52.5 46.1 15.4 49.8 4.383 52.100 -0.14216 0.01890Tanzania 1996 54.6 61.8 66.8 61.3 67.7 62.3 0.806 13.100 0.04371 0.01555Tanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 45.6 60.1 55.9 49.7 50.6 52.1 0.901 5.006 0.02876 0.02259Togo 1998 18.0 18.3 19.9 28.2 32.2 22.1 0.559 14.200 0.13026 0.04254Uganda 1995 22.0 21.6 24.3 24.5 26.7 23.5 0.824 4.700 0.02100 0.02854Uganda 2000/01 25.0 29.5 20.2 24.9 15.8 23.9 1.582 9.200 -0.04844 0.02597Zambia 1996 57.9 56.3 65.4 70.1 50.3 60.8 1.151 7.600 0.01274 0.01733Zambia 2001 52.9 54.4 62.7 67.0 58.7 59.0 0.901 5.800 0.05661 0.01652Zimbabwe 1994 38.0 38.8 45.3 56.4 41.8 43.0 0.909 3.800 0.06779 0.02965Zimbabwe 1999 45.2 41.3 36.2 37.0 33.6 39.2 1.345 11.600 -0.04842 0.03226

G. ALL COUNTRIES 28.4 30.7 32.7 34.2 33.9 33.6 0.840 5.430 0.08834 0.03692



TREATMENT OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION IN A PUBLIC FACILITY (Cont.)


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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC 12.1 20.0 25.3 35.0 49.7 24.5 0.244 37.590 0.26539 0.03866Cambodia 2000 19.6 16.0 18.8 28.8 29.4 21.7 0.667 9.800 0.14335 0.03000Indonesia 1997 17.6 20.5 33.2 51.1 51.1 32.2 0.344 33.500 0.20170 0.01944Indonesia 2002/03 8.5 19.9 29.3 42.4 54.2 27.7 0.156 45.759 0.33034 0.02523Philippines 1998 9.4 15.7 28.9 45.0 60.8 25.1 0.155 51.400 0.32921 0.02990Philippines 2003 7.4 9.6 19.0 30.3 60.7 17.2 0.121 53.300 0.42817 0.05164Vietnam 1997 24.8 22.5 (37.7) (21.6) (28.4) 26.8 0.873 53.200 0.10289 0.06084Vietnam 2002 13.1 34.4 (34.0) (38.4) (54.6) 31.3 0.240 67.700 0.15972 0.04776

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na na naArmenia 2000 0.0 0.0 (4.0) (3.2) 0.0 1.4 - 0.000 0.25315 0.23200Kazakhstan 1995 * * * * * (1.4) - - 0.35339 0.43017Kazakhstan 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKyrgyzstan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1993 3.2 6.3 6.7 15.3 (23.5) 8.2 0.136 26.700 0.33109 0.10137Turkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 * * * * * * - - na naUzbekistan 1996 * * * * * (3.2) - - 1.09685 1.00399

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 4.3 5.3 10.5 13.4 26.0 9.8 0.167 21.644 0.36620 0.04914Bolivia 1998 0.6 3.6 6.4 17.7 36.7 9.4 0.016 36.100 0.52535 0.05033Bolivia 2003 6.3 3.4 2.4 9.8 23.0 7.5 0.274 16.731 0.27645 0.05414Brazil 1996 2.2 5.0 15.6 14.8 38.1 11.6 0.058 35.900 0.45136 0.05287Colombia 1995 12.6 19.5 20.0 24.7 54.1 23.4 0.233 41.500 0.26724 0.03253Colombia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2005 3.7 3.1 5.5 13.9 6.9 6.1 0.544 3.128 0.29131 0.06229Dominican Republic 1996 5.8 10.4 16.3 24.9 44.8 16.5 0.129 39.000 0.37864 0.03910Dominican Republic 2002 6.3 11.3 16.7 18.5 30.3 14.5 0.208 23.991 0.36559 0.03445Guatemala 1995 4.3 8.3 15.6 25.3 53.3 16.6 0.081 49.000 0.36794 0.03180Guatemala 1998/99 3.4 5.8 12.5 19.4 (22.0) 10.7 0.155 25.400 0.42950 0.05850Haiti 1994/95 4.3 6.0 3.5 8.3 26.4 7.6 0.163 22.100 0.35499 0.09905Haiti 2000 9.5 6.5 14.1 10.9 18.6 10.9 0.511 9.100 0.14078 0.03488Nicaragua 1997/98 3.1 5.2 8.0 16.9 32.5 10.0 0.095 29.400 0.40380 0.04233Nicaragua 2001 2.5 5.0 12.0 13.6 40.6 11.0 0.062 38.100 0.47933 0.04294Paraguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 0.9 3.7 6.7 11.6 21.7 5.9 0.041 20.800 0.46077 0.04300Peru 2000 0.7 2.5 5.4 6.3 28.3 6.0 0.025 27.600 0.49528 0.05303

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA 10.4 19.4 18.4 32.0 41.1 22.2 0.254 30.639 0.30991 0.04294Egypt 1995 28.0 35.3 44.1 53.4 62.7 43.5 0.447 34.700 0.15427 0.01215Egypt 2000 23.0 34.4 44.4 58.7 61.7 41.5 0.373 38.700 0.19325 0.02018Jordan 1997 12.0 29.3 19.2 37.8 53.0 27.8 0.226 41.000 na naMorocco 1992 0.9 3.8 1.3 8.7 14.5 4.2 0.062 13.600 0.46028 0.11429Morocco 2003/04 1.9 7.1 3.6 21.2 29.6 10.7 0.063 27.757 0.45776 0.07116Yemen 1997 4.9 6.7 6.5 10.4 20.0 8.9 0.245 15.100 0.27873 0.03750

E. SOUTH ASIA 22.3 26.0 28.3 33.6 46.8 29.7 0.476 24.539 0.23428 0.03393Bangladesh 1996/97 15.6 18.6 19.6 24.2 35.8 21.4 0.436 20.200 0.17469 0.04518Bangladesh 1999/2000 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 2004 8.3 11.2 11.8 18.4 33.8 14.3 0.245 25.555 0.27505 0.04373India 1992/93 44.3 41.3 45.2 56.8 68.8 48.6 0.644 24.500 0.10092 0.01033India 1998/99 41.0 45.2 54.1 60.3 65.7 51.0 0.624 24.700 0.10219 0.00701Nepal 1996 0.7 1.8 4.6 2.9 9.2 3.2 0.076 8.500 0.37651 0.09141Nepal 2001 1.8 2.9 7.1 4.9 17.4 5.9 0.103 15.600 0.44088 0.06400Pakistan 1990/91 38.1 44.6 40.2 51.0 70.4 47.6 0.541 32.300 0.11898 0.02099


TREATMENT OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION IN A PRIVATE FACILITY


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 5.7 7.1 6.9 8.4 16.3 8.2 0.352 10.577 0.28052 0.12262Benin 1996 3.9 2.3 4.2 9.4 (29.4) 7.6 0.133 33.300 0.42105 0.10435Benin 2001 5.7 7.3 9.9 3.1 24.2 9.0 0.236 18.500 0.24527 0.08571Burkina Faso 1992/93 (3.4) 0.0 0.0 1.9 (3.3) 1.5 1.024 0.079 0.43776 0.44073Burkina Faso 1998/99 0.7 0.0 1.0 0.6 1.8 0.7 0.389 1.100 0.84558 0.36374Burkina Faso 2003 0.6 3.6 0.9 2.1 7.0 2.5 0.089 6.401 0.35113 0.14970Cameroon 1991 (16.0) 18.0 (10.4) 24.9 15.6 17.5 1.026 31.600 0.06408 0.06695Cameroon 1998 5.2 8.0 5.7 15.3 14.3 9.4 0.364 9.100 0.28677 0.09065Cameroon 2004 3.9 8.5 12.1 15.4 22.7 11.7 0.172 18.770 0.32318 0.05947Central African Republic 1994/95 3.3 7.0 4.2 8.5 4.8 5.7 0.688 1.500 0.09900 0.07970Chad 1996/97 4.0 8.2 12.4 6.1 5.9 7.4 0.678 1.900 0.03048 0.06612Chad 2004 4.6 0.0 0.0 2.4 1.4 1.5 3.291 3.237 0.39066 0.22734Comoros 1996 7.7 16.1 (12.5) (11.6) (12.9) 11.9 0.597 20.600 0.11023 0.09615Côte d'Ivoire 1994 1.3 3.0 4.5 0.0 2.3 2.2 0.565 1.000 0.00587 0.16060Eritrea 1995 0.0 1.5 3.0 3.1 6.3 2.1 0.000 6.300 0.62971 0.17434Ethiopia 2000 1.2 2.3 2.5 2.1 5.6 2.5 0.214 4.400 0.59159 0.10957Gabon 2000 0.4 4.7 1.5 9.9 5.3 4.1 0.075 4.900 0.25735 0.10221Ghana 1993 7.5 7.3 (7.1) (7.4) (9.7) 7.7 0.773 17.200 0.02870 0.13088Ghana 1998 3.3 2.8 8.3 12.7 (12.2) 6.7 0.270 15.500 0.34063 0.11052Ghana 2003 4.1 8.6 2.9 2.2 (13.3) 5.5 0.309 17.412 0.19268 0.11191Guinea 1999 3.6 2.7 6.7 0.6 5.4 3.7 0.667 1.800 0.06155 0.11402Kenya 1993 14.0 19.4 11.5 9.1 17.5 14.1 0.799 3.508 0.02271 0.08503Kenya 1998 16.0 22.4 17.7 17.7 35.2 20.6 0.455 19.200 0.10735 0.04939Kenya 2003 12.0 14.5 15.2 19.1 30.2 17.3 0.398 18.197 0.19994 0.04173Madagascar 1997 8.7 8.1 6.4 4.5 22.5 8.6 0.387 13.800 0.14239 0.08376Malawi 1992 16.8 15.8 19.3 9.6 20.8 16.4 0.808 4.000 -0.00067 0.05355Malawi 2000 2.9 8.7 6.3 10.3 19.4 8.3 0.149 16.500 0.23563 0.03725Mali 1995/96 5.3 8.1 15.8 12.3 24.7 12.7 0.213 19.414 0.31777 0.05422Mali 2001 12.5 19.3 12.8 11.3 19.3 14.9 0.648 6.800 0.03290 0.04393Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.1 - 0.000 0.56839 0.76000Mozambique 2003 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.9 2.7 1.0 0.345 1.753 0.56413 0.32644Namibia 1992 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.9 1.2 0.056 8.400 0.62887 0.25497Namibia 2000 2.2 0.5 0.5 4.3 11.2 2.8 0.196 9.000 0.65637 0.19044Niger 1998 2.9 0.5 0.0 1.9 1.2 1.2 2.417 1.700 -0.16154 0.35310Nigeria 1990 0.0 1.4 0.0 1.5 8.5 1.9 - 8.500 0.65162 0.23841Nigeria 2003 6.2 2.9 7.2 4.6 25.1 7.4 0.246 18.914 0.26178 0.11462Rwanda 2000 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 6.9 1.3 0.145 5.900 1.02019 0.22785Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 8.0 17.6 22.6 30.1 58.4 25.0 0.137 50.400 0.31101 0.03327Tanzania 1996 6.2 2.1 4.1 8.4 7.1 5.6 0.873 0.900 0.07827 0.07586Tanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 6.7 0.9 9.2 5.6 16.5 7.3 0.407 9.806 0.23647 0.09335Togo 1998 0.0 0.0 2.2 6.6 14.4 3.5 - 14.400 0.60065 0.12537Uganda 1995 26.5 35.1 37.6 44.1 46.2 36.6 0.574 19.700 0.09667 0.02120Uganda 2000/01 35.2 37.4 32.6 42.7 65.5 40.9 0.537 30.300 0.10317 0.01803Zambia 1996 4.6 9.0 8.3 3.3 31.1 9.7 0.148 26.500 0.28491 0.07690Zambia 2001 9.2 12.4 6.9 7.7 14.5 9.5 0.634 5.300 -0.03632 0.05956Zimbabwe 1994 6.2 8.6 9.4 8.1 17.6 8.9 0.352 11.400 0.19808 0.08580Zimbabwe 1999 10.0 4.8 4.5 16.0 21.5 10.5 0.465 11.500 0.14904 0.09125

G. ALL COUNTRIES 7.7 10.4 11.7 15.4 25.0 12.5 0.308 17.288 0.30796 0.11164




TREATMENT OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION IN A PRIVATE FACILITY (Cont.)

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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC 66.8 66.2 70.9 68.4 73.7 69.1 0.906 6.895 0.01876 0.01548Cambodia 2000 60.3 64.1 59.1 64.1 70.4 62.9 0.857 10.100 0.02296 0.01141Indonesia 1997 75.2 71.3 68.7 80.4 79.2 74.6 0.949 4.000 0.01325 0.00737Indonesia 2002/03 62.3 54.1 62.8 60.4 65.8 60.6 0.947 3.468 -0.00083 0.00989Philippines 1998 74.7 64.4 78.8 77.4 (77.1) 73.7 0.969 151.800 0.00262 0.01403Philippines 2003 73.0 81.7 82.6 80.8 84.8 79.3 0.861 11.749 0.02288 0.01122Vietnam 1997 (66.8) (67.9) (64.2) (84.2) * 72.1 - - 0.06063 0.02567Vietnam 2002 71.4 (65.0) (79.0) * * 73.6 - - 0.03002 0.02940

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA 56.1 72.5 na na 76.2 71.3 0.736 20.150 0.03095 0.02513Armenia 2000 (38.1) (69.2) * * * 59.7 - - 0.13644 0.03649Kazakhstan 1995 (50.4) * * (36.9) * 53.3 - - -0.07675 0.04833Kazakhstan 1999 (45.6) (75.6) (69.1) (61.0) (70.8) 62.6 0.644 25.200 0.06769 0.03219Kyrgyzstan 1997 73.3 (81.6) (72.3) (64.0) (72.9) 73.5 1.005 146.200 -0.04225 0.02339Turkey 1993 50.1 53.9 71.6 66.9 67.4 60.0 0.743 17.300 0.06976 0.01717Turkey 1998 67.3 63.7 73.5 70.5 76.7 69.2 0.877 9.400 0.03141 0.01276Turkmenistan 2000 * * * * * 75.9 - - na naUzbekistan 1996 * * * * (84.5) 86.8 - - -0.03855 0.02079

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 59.4 62.3 65.9 67.6 68.6 63.7 0.866 9.206 0.03698 0.01439Bolivia 1998 70.5 73.9 79.9 83.8 83.5 76.7 0.844 13.000 0.04374 0.00906Bolivia 2003 60.8 64.5 66.1 73.2 76.2 66.4 0.798 15.409 0.03744 0.00884Brazil 1996 73.1 73.6 76.9 74.3 (65.8) 73.4 1.111 138.900 0.01791 0.01454Colombia 1995 58.1 66.4 72.1 80.8 70.8 67.9 0.821 12.700 0.06072 0.01421Colombia 2000 52.7 60.5 65.0 59.0 78.1 60.8 0.675 25.400 0.04753 0.01847Colombia 2005 65.0 70.8 70.5 78.5 71.4 70.1 0.911 6.379 0.03990 0.00931Dominican Republic 1996 17.8 30.1 18.4 18.7 15.6 20.6 1.141 2.200 -0.02931 0.05015Dominican Republic 2002 58.5 52.3 51.4 65.2 45.6 55.0 1.281 12.839 -0.00047 0.01482Guatemala 1995 45.4 48.3 47.9 63.1 66.5 51.3 0.683 21.100 0.08667 0.01373Guatemala 1998/99 53.4 49.5 65.4 63.7 (70.6) 58.6 0.756 124.000 0.03693 0.02001Haiti 1994/95 42.7 53.1 63.4 66.7 71.6 57.2 0.596 28.900 0.10256 0.01614Haiti 2000 49.1 48.7 56.6 57.4 68.8 54.9 0.714 19.700 0.05068 0.01371Nicaragua 1997/98 68.8 71.7 74.1 69.5 71.1 70.8 0.968 2.300 0.02147 0.01212Nicaragua 2001 61.4 71.3 67.2 70.6 77.0 67.7 0.797 15.600 0.04325 0.01430Paraguay 1990 48.9 60.3 63.2 (64.8) (64.1) 58.4 0.763 113.000 0.07430 0.02538Peru 1996 57.2 69.3 71.7 76.5 68.4 66.8 0.836 11.200 0.06284 0.00724Peru 2000 64.8 69.6 75.7 60.3 78.3 68.7 0.828 13.500 0.03291 0.00857

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA 57.1 61.9 64.0 60.1 63.5 61.0 0.899 6.397 0.00000 0.01919Egypt 1995 69.1 66.1 67.1 68.1 62.6 66.9 1.104 6.500 -0.00202 0.00978Egypt 2000 52.8 51.3 49.8 35.1 44.7 47.3 1.181 8.100 -0.05769 0.02091Jordan 1997 74.9 80.3 80.0 74.7 79.9 78.0 0.937 5.000 -0.05303 0.02735Morocco 1992 55.6 54.1 44.9 55.4 61.6 53.7 0.903 6.000 -0.00153 0.02193Morocco 2003/04 43.1 55.2 59.1 59.4 57.1 54.0 0.753 14.089 0.05413 0.02027Yemen 1997 57.6 60.8 66.9 71.4 72.2 64.6 0.798 14.600 0.05658 0.00821



USE OF ORAL REHYDRATION THERAPY TO TREAT DIARRHEA


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 55.2 58.6 61.9 64.9 71.6 61.4 0.772 16.347 0.05290 0.01533Benin 1996 53.1 57.0 61.9 57.3 74.7 58.8 0.711 21.600 0.04434 0.01674Benin 2001 53.5 44.3 62.1 62.7 56.7 55.1 0.944 3.200 0.04343 0.02174Burkina Faso 1992/93 28.9 28.5 34.9 39.0 64.6 37.8 0.448 35.661 0.19317 0.02716Burkina Faso 1998/99 44.8 39.3 40.3 46.1 60.5 46.0 0.740 15.743 0.07369 0.02543Burkina Faso 2003 56.9 58.0 64.0 64.6 72.7 62.8 0.784 15.727 0.04448 0.01020Cameroon 1991 54.1 60.3 67.1 71.8 82.7 65.9 0.654 28.600 0.09048 0.01779Cameroon 1998 68.4 69.7 75.2 79.0 81.5 73.1 0.839 13.100 0.04118 0.01800Cameroon 2004 46.1 55.3 61.9 64.4 74.1 56.9 0.622 27.988 0.08782 0.01464Central African Republic 1994/95 66.2 78.8 82.6 82.3 91.1 78.9 0.727 24.900 0.05116 0.01214Chad 1996/97 56.3 62.2 66.1 73.6 78.3 67.3 0.719 22.000 0.06579 0.01005Chad 2004 14.9 40.1 32.2 42.5 49.5 37.5 0.301 34.624 0.13833 0.01767Comoros 1996 74.2 66.7 (83.7) (78.6) (86.5) 76.6 0.858 160.700 0.03752 0.01918Côte d'Ivoire 1994 43.0 44.6 54.2 61.6 56.2 51.9 0.765 13.200 0.06442 0.01961Eritrea 1995 49.2 53.5 44.8 68.7 83.4 56.4 0.590 34.200 0.10571 0.02039Ethiopia 2000 44.5 38.9 45.0 44.1 56.7 44.9 0.785 12.200 0.05793 0.01395Gabon 2000 64.1 67.8 72.6 79.9 74.7 71.6 0.858 10.600 0.02814 0.01524Ghana 1993 40.9 35.6 43.3 56.3 62.0 45.6 0.660 21.100 0.08728 0.03187Ghana 1998 62.1 64.8 70.4 76.2 (78.9) 67.9 0.787 141.000 0.03808 0.01678Ghana 2003 59.6 61.3 66.6 60.1 78.3 63.3 0.761 18.736 0.03159 0.01925Guinea 1999 64.6 66.0 71.5 71.1 77.4 69.3 0.835 12.800 0.04192 0.01156Kenya 1993 49.8 45.8 40.8 66.4 50.1 50.0 0.993 0.336 0.03446 0.02827Kenya 1998 78.1 84.3 79.2 85.0 86.7 82.0 0.901 8.600 0.01664 0.01119Kenya 2003 46.6 48.0 53.1 50.2 57.8 50.6 0.807 11.160 0.04230 0.01916Madagascar 1997 60.2 61.0 59.5 66.7 92.7 65.7 0.649 32.500 0.08038 0.01244Malawi 1992 65.5 67.7 71.7 77.4 86.9 73.3 0.754 21.400 0.04955 0.01132Malawi 2000 57.4 60.7 62.0 67.1 67.4 62.1 0.852 10.000 0.04894 0.01074Mali 1995/96 38.4 43.6 38.6 48.6 67.0 45.0 0.573 28.600 0.09120 0.01704Mali 2001 64.4 63.7 60.6 66.9 79.8 65.7 0.807 15.400 0.01443 0.00936Mauritania 2000/01 43.1 47.3 53.4 49.6 44.6 47.7 0.966 1.500 0.00846 0.02265Mozambique 1997 42.4 54.0 70.2 68.7 83.4 62.0 0.508 41.000 0.10956 0.01528Mozambique 2003 60.9 63.3 68.1 79.1 88.0 70.5 0.691 27.183 0.07637 0.00975Namibia 1992 66.8 68.0 75.1 56.5 63.0 66.8 1.060 3.800 -0.01355 0.01454Namibia 2000 57.1 61.9 60.4 73.6 76.3 65.8 0.748 19.200 0.03764 0.01952Niger 1998 62.1 64.1 65.3 69.1 77.2 67.0 0.804 15.100 0.04928 0.00997Nigeria 1990 22.4 27.2 38.0 38.9 55.6 33.5 0.403 33.200 0.15723 0.02323Nigeria 2003 29.5 31.2 48.1 48.6 60.8 40.2 0.484 31.342 0.14103 0.02140Rwanda 2000 28.5 26.8 26.9 30.3 41.7 30.2 0.683 13.200 0.11414 0.02634Senegal 1997 61.6 65.6 71.8 65.3 64.5 65.7 0.955 2.900 0.02002 0.01351South Africa 1998 85.6 93.2 90.6 90.9 82.5 89.1 1.038 3.100 -0.00017 0.00876Tanzania 1996 69.0 71.2 70.7 76.2 83.9 73.7 0.822 14.900 0.03783 0.01206Tanzania 1999 58.0 69.1 70.3 72.0 71.5 67.8 0.811 13.500 0.00671 0.02075Tanzania 2004 65.6 70.6 71.4 67.5 80.1 70.0 0.820 14.424 0.01408 0.01267Togo 1998 58.4 70.9 67.2 70.9 70.1 66.8 0.833 11.700 0.02883 0.01249Uganda 1995 63.2 62.1 67.4 73.3 77.5 67.8 0.815 14.300 0.04781 0.01134Uganda 2000/01 49.5 51.5 49.5 54.5 68.5 53.1 0.723 19.000 0.04553 0.01559Zambia 1996 68.9 74.7 75.3 74.9 88.4 75.4 0.779 19.500 0.03972 0.00860Zambia 2001 57.6 63.8 69.0 74.5 74.8 66.9 0.770 17.179 0.05252 0.01166Zimbabwe 1994 81.5 81.3 84.9 93.3 95.9 86.3 0.850 14.400 0.02964 0.00930Zimbabwe 1999 76.7 80.0 77.7 76.2 91.6 79.7 0.837 14.900 0.02796 0.01309

G. ALL COUNTRIES 56.2 60.4 63.2 65.0 70.7 62.9 0.796 14.434 0.04539 0.01636




USE OF ORAL REHYDRATION THERAPY TO TREAT DIARRHEA (Cont.)

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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC 35.5 38.6 42.2 42.2 44.4 41.1 0.799 8.955 0.08381 0.02809Cambodia 2000 20.5 15.7 20.6 24.3 33.8 21.6 0.607 13.300 0.11746 0.02967Indonesia 1997 53.4 53.6 48.5 55.5 64.0 54.2 0.834 10.600 0.02701 0.01215Indonesia 2002/03 43.5 41.7 47.6 66.5 59.0 50.8 0.737 15.547 0.08802 0.01195Philippines 1998 43.0 37.9 48.8 55.4 (33.4) 43.9 1.287 76.400 0.03310 0.02816Philippines 2003 28.0 29.7 35.6 35.9 40.5 32.4 0.691 12.529 0.08330 0.03132Vietnam 1997 (41.0) (59.7) (49.4) (70.3) * 50.4 - - 0.01594 0.04331Vietnam 2002 50.0 (67.2) (65.0) * * 59.6 - - 0.04645 0.03941

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA 31.8 33.5 na na 47.8 33.1 0.666 15.950 0.00791 0.06386Armenia 2000 (19.1) (47.1) * * * 26.5 - - -0.01623 0.07676Kazakhstan 1995 (37.9) * * (26.5) * 25.8 - - -0.06659 0.09509Kazakhstan 1999 (33.5) (21.6) (24.8) (7.6) (44.6) 25.8 0.751 11.100 -0.10814 0.07264Kyrgyzstan 1997 44.6 (33.1) (27.4) (29.6) (53.7) 37.1 0.831 98.300 -0.09935 0.05522Turkey 1993 16.8 24.6 28.1 30.6 30.6 24.6 0.549 13.800 0.11372 0.03562Turkey 1998 30.1 32.2 44.2 38.9 46.0 36.5 0.654 15.900 0.08347 0.02409Turkmenistan 2000 * * * * * 38.5 - - na naUzbekistan 1996 * * * * (46.8) 34.0 - - 0.17977 0.09059

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 28.7 32.9 35.3 34.9 43.5 33.4 0.659 14.840 0.07641 0.02742Bolivia 1998 29.6 31.8 36.8 47.2 46.0 36.0 0.643 16.400 0.09204 0.02277Bolivia 2003 29.0 37.6 33.7 35.1 42.0 34.2 0.691 12.982 0.03744 0.01839Brazil 1996 27.5 26.7 38.9 32.8 (51.8) 32.0 0.531 79.300 0.10855 0.03352Colombia 1995 22.4 32.8 37.2 45.5 39.0 33.3 0.574 16.600 0.13461 0.02734Colombia 2000 24.3 22.7 36.8 31.1 39.3 28.8 0.618 15.000 0.10145 0.03610Colombia 2005 29.7 34.1 30.2 26.2 26.8 30.4 1.108 2.898 0.02217 0.02133Dominican Republic 1996 11.6 15.6 9.1 13.9 8.9 12.0 1.303 2.700 0.01181 0.05796Dominican Republic 2002 40.7 33.0 27.9 42.8 36.5 35.7 1.116 4.227 0.00014 0.02275Guatemala 1995 22.4 26.0 27.1 39.9 48.5 29.4 0.462 26.100 0.14530 0.02190Guatemala 1998/99 22.8 36.3 36.2 27.7 (40.2) 31.8 0.567 63.000 0.08661 0.03339Haiti 1994/95 16.0 16.5 26.2 30.2 43.2 23.9 0.370 27.200 0.18843 0.03545Haiti 2000 18.4 18.6 25.2 28.1 35.2 24.1 0.523 16.800 0.11822 0.02780Nicaragua 1997/98 39.8 46.3 45.9 42.9 50.7 43.9 0.785 10.900 0.05118 0.02091Nicaragua 2001 37.6 49.2 51.8 41.6 41.9 44.1 0.897 4.300 0.04900 0.02340Paraguay 1990 17.1 22.6 35.1 (41.5) (59.8) 30.1 0.286 76.900 0.22190 0.04953Peru 1996 28.8 30.6 28.4 34.5 33.5 30.2 0.860 4.700 0.02947 0.01572Peru 2000 35.1 38.0 39.0 38.3 57.3 38.5 0.613 22.200 0.04367 0.01669




MEDICAL TREATMENT OF DIARRHEA


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 24.9 27.1 29.9 33.1 41.0 30.1 0.607 16.079 0.11965 0.03223Benin 1996 24.4 20.3 23.0 23.2 42.0 24.6 0.581 17.600 0.07005 0.04076Benin 2001 23.1 21.1 25.8 24.7 23.7 23.5 0.975 0.600 0.03908 0.04209Burkina Faso 1992/93 13.8 16.4 14.5 10.2 27.8 15.9 0.497 14.002 0.16681 0.05722Burkina Faso 1998/99 14.7 12.8 19.4 16.2 34.2 18.9 0.430 19.500 0.20065 0.04011Burkina Faso 2003 8.8 15.0 19.3 12.9 31.4 17.2 0.282 22.565 0.20435 0.02846Cameroon 1991 15.0 17.8 22.2 21.9 25.7 20.1 0.584 10.700 0.10781 0.05639Cameroon 1998 23.2 20.7 39.3 37.3 31.3 28.2 0.741 8.100 0.11123 0.04335Cameroon 2004 17.5 17.7 22.6 32.0 26.2 21.5 0.666 8.762 0.11051 0.03323Central African Republic 1994/95 23.8 22.4 34.0 33.3 40.7 30.0 0.585 16.900 0.11045 0.03701Chad 1996/97 8.7 18.6 14.8 21.3 32.6 19.5 0.267 23.900 0.22692 0.03108Chad 2004 1.2 10.2 14.5 18.5 35.2 16.3 0.034 33.966 0.40179 0.03133Comoros 1996 22.6 23.3 (30.2) (42.9) (43.2) 30.7 0.523 65.800 0.17202 0.05915Côte d'Ivoire 1994 14.0 19.2 19.0 29.4 37.6 23.5 0.372 23.600 0.19679 0.03720Eritrea 1995 15.6 25.8 28.9 36.7 55.9 28.4 0.279 40.300 0.24097 0.03851Ethiopia 2000 12.6 8.5 10.1 10.1 32.8 13.3 0.384 20.200 0.28655 0.03864Gabon 2000 21.7 30.7 32.6 33.9 46.9 32.6 0.463 25.200 0.10824 0.03590Ghana 1993 17.0 20.2 24.4 31.3 32.0 24.0 0.531 15.000 0.13466 0.05068Ghana 1998 26.2 20.7 26.2 31.7 (32.3) 26.4 0.811 58.500 0.00904 0.04454Ghana 2003 21.0 23.8 24.3 27.3 41.6 25.5 0.506 20.542 0.04935 0.05216Guinea 1999 25.8 24.8 43.0 43.0 52.0 36.0 0.496 26.200 0.16124 0.02338Kenya 1993 31.6 50.4 47.4 46.2 40.8 43.7 0.774 9.234 0.02509 0.02986Kenya 1998 41.4 50.2 37.1 45.9 48.5 44.3 0.854 7.100 0.04339 0.02919Kenya 2003 29.7 25.0 25.2 32.7 37.8 29.7 0.787 8.040 0.05713 0.03284Madagascar 1997 38.9 35.4 31.9 40.7 55.7 39.5 0.698 16.800 0.07257 0.02376Malawi 1992 46.7 40.1 48.5 49.4 61.6 49.0 0.758 14.900 0.04280 0.01973Malawi 2000 25.0 26.8 26.6 34.7 31.5 28.3 0.794 6.500 0.04886 0.02149Mali 1995/96 8.5 19.3 17.6 21.6 35.1 18.8 0.241 26.675 0.22487 0.03331Mali 2001 12.3 11.7 12.2 16.6 42.5 16.8 0.289 30.200 0.21198 0.03098Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 25.2 28.1 35.3 34.8 54.3 34.5 0.464 29.100 0.09528 0.02967Mozambique 2003 41.6 45.0 60.0 52.0 48.1 48.9 0.865 6.495 0.04507 0.01605Namibia 1992 66.4 68.8 73.4 63.5 66.1 68.0 1.005 0.300 0.00036 0.01398Namibia 2000 48.9 53.2 46.0 47.7 62.0 50.7 0.789 13.100 0.00186 0.02611Niger 1998 13.0 14.0 11.8 18.3 35.3 17.5 0.368 22.300 0.23236 0.03425Nigeria 1990 20.5 24.5 24.2 31.1 42.8 26.8 0.479 22.300 0.15701 0.02792Nigeria 2003 10.3 13.1 22.5 39.2 36.8 21.5 0.281 26.484 0.19368 0.03369Rwanda 2000 12.1 8.2 9.4 18.9 18.6 13.3 0.651 6.500 0.19230 0.04380Senegal 1997 29.4 30.9 37.2 35.7 33.7 33.1 0.872 4.300 0.06911 0.02701South Africa 1998 60.5 53.2 55.6 72.5 62.0 59.2 0.976 1.500 0.00427 0.01839Tanzania 1996 44.3 60.6 56.0 59.0 66.1 56.3 0.670 21.800 0.05884 0.01763Tanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 45.3 52.8 47.8 37.1 54.9 47.0 0.826 9.546 -0.00553 0.01970Togo 1998 16.4 15.5 20.4 16.8 30.2 18.5 0.543 13.800 0.06988 0.03903Uganda 1995 52.0 51.2 50.9 60.7 64.9 55.1 0.801 12.900 0.03377 0.01568Uganda 2000/01 33.0 46.5 48.6 49.5 57.7 44.9 0.572 24.700 0.09859 0.01788Zambia 1996 42.0 43.7 42.0 47.7 44.3 44.0 0.948 2.300 0.00721 0.01865Zambia 2001 38.5 44.5 46.4 42.0 43.0 42.8 0.895 4.500 0.01421 0.02007Zimbabwe 1994 26.4 27.3 32.1 31.4 34.8 29.7 0.759 8.400 0.04399 0.04015Zimbabwe 1999 33.9 39.8 30.4 27.6 29.9 32.1 1.134 4.000 -0.03734 0.04028

G. ALL COUNTRIES 27.6 30.6 32.9 34.9 42.8 32.8 0.645 15.196 0.09897 0.03336



MEDICAL TREATMENT OF DIARRHEA (Cont.)


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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC 23.7 22.1 17.6 13.8 13.9 20.8 1.705 9.816 0.00347 0.04551Cambodia 2000 6.6 4.8 4.5 6.1 14.9 6.6 0.443 8.300 0.10612 0.05717Indonesia 1997 31.9 31.7 25.7 21.3 14.6 26.5 2.185 17.300 -0.11589 0.02224Indonesia 2002/03 27.6 19.1 16.1 21.7 15.4 20.2 1.795 12.244 -0.01768 0.02447Philippines 1998 35.8 27.3 24.4 13.3 (3.4) 25.4 10.529 39.200 -0.16874 0.03902Philippines 2003 22.6 23.8 22.0 13.5 11.4 20.1 1.973 11.134 -0.08639 0.04147Vietnam 1997 (24.0) (35.7) (23.7) (33.2) * 27.2 - - -0.00599 0.06977Vietnam 2002 38.1 (40.8) (27.9) * * 36.1 - - 0.01183 0.05892

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA 28.0 31.1 na na 40.1 30.0 0.698 12.100 0.00649 0.06896Armenia 2000 (19.1) (47.1) * * * 26.5 - - -0.01288 0.08486Kazakhstan 1995 (37.9) * * (26.5) * 25.8 - - -0.06638 0.09508Kazakhstan 1999 (30.7) (21.6) (21.6) (7.6) (44.6) 24.3 0.688 13.900 -0.08985 0.07901Kyrgyzstan 1997 44.6 (33.1) (27.4) (29.6) (53.7) 37.1 0.831 98.300 -0.09941 0.05555Turkey 1993 13.3 20.1 22.9 22.3 13.3 18.2 1.000 0.000 0.05024 0.04100Turkey 1998 17.7 22.6 26.8 19.5 18.5 21.3 0.957 0.800 0.05608 0.03345Turkmenistan 2000 * * * * * 38.5 - - na naUzbekistan 1996 * * * * (43.7) 32.5 - - 0.17853 0.09194

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 25.8 29.0 28.5 21.7 21.2 26.1 1.219 4.645 -0.00648 0.03355Bolivia 1998 28.0 28.4 31.7 28.4 20.3 28.5 1.379 7.700 -0.00273 0.02701Bolivia 2003 26.3 36.4 31.4 29.0 31.9 30.7 0.825 5.596 0.01172 0.01988Brazil 1996 23.6 23.8 30.8 14.6 (25.3) 24.0 0.933 48.900 -0.00448 0.03935Colombia 1995 12.6 18.2 22.6 22.4 18.0 18.2 0.700 5.400 0.12285 0.04147Colombia 2000 20.2 16.1 25.7 12.4 13.7 18.5 1.474 6.500 -0.03192 0.04391Colombia 2005 28.1 32.6 24.3 19.3 16.1 26.5 1.742 11.981 -0.03103 0.02317Dominican Republic 1996 10.4 11.1 8.3 9.0 2.4 9.0 4.333 8.000 -0.10245 0.06158Dominican Republic 2002 37.2 27.6 22.4 23.3 16.5 27.5 2.256 20.722 -0.12920 0.02711Guatemala 1995 17.4 15.1 14.2 13.7 4.4 14.4 3.955 13.000 -0.03624 0.03243Guatemala 1998/99 19.8 33.0 27.8 11.9 (6.9) 21.8 2.870 26.700 -0.08650 0.04098Haiti 1994/95 4.3 7.6 9.2 13.4 13.1 8.9 0.328 8.800 0.21558 0.06253Haiti 2000 13.5 13.0 20.6 19.1 18.6 16.8 0.726 5.100 0.07232 0.03308Nicaragua 1997/98 38.5 41.4 38.1 27.4 22.1 35.8 1.742 16.400 -0.05229 0.02469Nicaragua 2001 36.9 44.5 39.7 29.1 22.0 36.6 1.677 14.900 -0.03946 0.02642Paraguay 1990 12.3 13.6 26.0 (17.1) (17.8) 16.6 0.691 30.100 0.15105 0.07413Peru 1996 28.7 28.3 26.2 28.8 22.8 27.7 1.259 5.900 -0.00850 0.01653Peru 2000 34.6 36.1 33.8 31.8 35.4 34.6 0.977 0.800 -0.00273 0.01787

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA 22.8 21.0 21.3 20.4 13.3 20.3 1.715 9.499 -0.02604 0.03852Egypt 1995 16.5 15.0 17.1 12.4 4.3 13.7 3.837 12.200 -0.14457 0.03153Egypt 2000 21.7 18.2 13.2 13.4 7.1 15.6 3.056 14.600 -0.11796 0.05009Jordan 1997 39.2 31.6 25.1 23.1 10.0 27.6 3.920 29.200 -0.15464 0.03643Morocco 1992 5.6 9.5 7.9 10.8 8.2 8.0 0.683 2.600 0.06815 0.07766Morocco 2003/04 13.9 16.1 24.6 21.8 15.3 18.2 0.908 1.403 0.07016 0.04659Yemen 1997 16.3 18.2 22.4 23.5 20.7 19.9 0.787 4.400 0.09828 0.02095

E. SOUTH ASIA 9.9 13.5 10.6 12.3 11.1 11.5 0.894 1.176 0.06588 0.06215Bangladesh 1996/97 10.7 5.7 6.8 11.8 16.1 9.7 0.665 5.400 0.13076 0.09077Bangladesh 1999/2000 5.9 2.1 11.6 5.7 9.6 6.6 0.615 3.700 0.09002 0.11192Bangladesh 2004 1.4 4.1 3.7 1.0 7.5 3.2 0.187 6.104 0.19935 0.13379India 1992/93 16.2 14.4 20.2 16.6 12.9 16.3 1.256 3.300 -0.02370 0.01838India 1998/99 12.8 13.0 14.9 16.2 12.2 13.9 1.049 0.600 0.05035 0.01802Nepal 1996 9.2 12.2 12.2 13.5 13.1 11.6 0.702 3.900 0.05136 0.04442Nepal 2001 14.2 23.1 18.9 18.4 13.2 17.9 1.076 1.000 0.00765 0.03310Pakistan 1990/91 11.2 13.7 5.0 13.7 11.4 11.2 0.982 0.200 0.00617 0.06368


TREATMENT OF DIARRHEA IN A PUBLIC FACILITY


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 21.1 22.4 24.9 26.6 28.2 24.2 0.749 7.059 0.10172 0.03750Benin 1996 20.1 17.7 19.7 16.7 26.1 19.4 0.770 6.000 0.02228 0.04336Benin 2001 19.4 17.8 18.8 16.5 11.0 17.4 1.764 8.400 -0.03742 0.04804Burkina Faso 1992/93 11.8 15.4 14.5 9.5 24.1 14.6 0.492 12.219 0.14035 0.05706Burkina Faso 1998/99 13.2 11.8 19.4 16.2 33.2 18.2 0.398 20.000 0.21317 0.04045Burkina Faso 2003 8.1 14.3 19.3 12.1 29.4 16.4 0.275 21.343 0.19820 0.02962Cameroon 1991 12.7 13.8 16.4 16.2 17.9 15.2 0.709 5.200 0.08335 0.06516Cameroon 1998 17.4 12.6 21.9 33.7 17.6 19.4 0.989 0.200 0.09924 0.05631Cameroon 2004 13.2 14.4 19.0 21.9 13.4 15.9 0.981 0.249 0.05616 0.03714Central African Republic 1994/95 20.1 20.0 33.2 27.4 29.3 25.2 0.686 9.200 0.07757 0.04147Chad 1996/97 3.7 7.3 5.4 10.0 26.5 10.6 0.140 22.800 0.44288 0.04994Chad 2004 1.2 4.5 11.1 5.8 28.7 10.2 0.041 27.557 0.54946 0.04645Comoros 1996 17.7 18.3 (23.3) (35.7) (24.3) 23.0 0.728 42.000 0.15501 0.06749Côte d'Ivoire 1994 11.9 17.9 17.4 27.2 36.5 21.8 0.326 24.600 0.21889 0.04005Eritrea 1995 15.3 24.4 24.4 33.2 46.9 25.6 0.326 31.600 0.21955 0.04026Ethiopia 2000 10.2 7.3 7.7 7.3 23.8 10.2 0.429 13.600 0.27433 0.04686Gabon 2000 21.7 29.3 32.0 32.3 35.0 29.8 0.620 13.300 0.07632 0.03804Ghana 1993 14.8 13.5 16.7 23.8 26.0 18.0 0.569 11.200 0.12915 0.06349Ghana 1998 23.6 16.6 20.7 23.4 (20.9) 21.3 1.129 44.500 -0.05715 0.04928Ghana 2003 20.4 19.8 22.3 23.9 26.9 21.9 0.757 6.546 -0.03019 0.05715Guinea 1999 23.9 23.0 39.4 41.6 50.2 33.8 0.476 26.300 0.16995 0.02498Kenya 1993 21.1 38.8 27.5 40.9 24.6 31.2 0.859 3.469 0.02971 0.03789Kenya 1998 26.3 29.6 24.8 30.5 24.0 27.1 1.096 2.300 0.01993 0.04197Kenya 2003 22.2 19.0 19.8 24.0 16.0 20.2 1.385 6.167 -0.02691 0.03899Madagascar 1997 27.0 21.2 23.7 31.8 24.2 26.1 1.116 2.800 0.01690 0.03065Malawi 1992 36.1 28.1 34.1 33.8 41.6 34.7 0.868 5.500 0.01276 0.02736Malawi 2000 19.2 20.9 19.7 26.4 17.7 20.7 1.085 1.500 0.00853 0.02646Mali 1995/96 4.2 11.9 10.2 13.3 19.9 11.0 0.211 15.722 0.23060 0.04731Mali 2001 2.9 2.8 4.3 9.3 27.5 7.5 0.105 24.600 0.42756 0.05357Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 25.2 28.1 29.4 34.8 52.9 33.0 0.476 27.700 0.09130 0.03048Mozambique 2003 40.6 43.9 58.7 52.0 46.5 47.9 0.874 5.854 0.04405 0.01643Namibia 1992 65.9 68.8 73.4 62.5 61.4 67.2 1.073 4.500 -0.00380 0.01421Namibia 2000 47.6 52.8 43.4 46.7 51.5 48.1 0.924 3.900 -0.02870 0.02731Niger 1998 13.0 12.3 11.5 16.8 33.5 16.4 0.388 20.500 0.23188 0.03594Nigeria 1990 19.7 23.3 23.1 30.7 36.5 25.3 0.540 16.800 0.15161 0.02773Nigeria 2003 7.1 11.1 20.7 34.9 27.9 18.1 0.254 20.780 0.18388 0.03718Rwanda 2000 12.1 8.2 8.9 18.0 17.1 12.7 0.708 5.000 0.16227 0.04529Senegal 1997 26.3 27.6 33.3 28.8 26.5 28.5 0.992 0.200 0.04988 0.02986South Africa 1998 53.5 37.9 40.5 47.5 24.8 42.9 2.157 28.700 -0.05741 0.02518Tanzania 1996 41.4 51.0 51.4 55.2 52.9 50.1 0.783 11.500 0.04359 0.01983Tanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 40.7 47.8 37.9 31.2 34.7 39.2 1.173 6.011 -0.04588 0.02259Togo 1998 15.5 12.6 18.5 16.5 23.5 16.4 0.660 8.000 0.06470 0.04190Uganda 1995 25.7 24.8 18.6 21.2 20.8 22.6 1.236 4.900 -0.08128 0.03087Uganda 2000/01 18.1 22.9 21.2 17.5 12.9 19.1 1.403 5.200 -0.03849 0.03209Zambia 1996 41.8 42.9 42.0 45.2 32.4 41.4 1.290 9.400 -0.02843 0.01958Zambia 2001 33.2 35.3 39.8 37.5 30.4 35.7 1.092 2.800 0.01222 0.02343Zimbabwe 1994 25.3 20.0 26.3 27.6 19.0 24.1 1.332 6.300 -0.01013 0.04496Zimbabwe 1999 28.7 39.8 27.6 22.3 18.2 27.4 1.577 10.500 -0.08412 0.04565

G. ALL COUNTRIES 21.9 23.4 23.6 22.9 24.6 23.7 0.891 2.686 0.05547 0.04225



TREATMENT OF DIARRHEA IN A PUBLIC FACILITY (Cont.)


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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC 11.4 15.6 22.2 28.5 30.2 19.5 0.377 18.812 0.18777 0.04920Cambodia 2000 13.9 10.7 14.6 18.2 17.9 14.6 0.777 4.000 0.12513 0.03693Indonesia 1997 19.8 20.1 21.7 32.6 48.1 26.2 0.412 28.300 0.16668 0.02136Indonesia 2002/03 15.8 22.6 31.5 44.8 43.6 30.6 0.363 27.790 0.15801 0.01756Philippines 1998 6.9 9.6 23.8 38.9 (27.7) 17.3 0.249 34.600 0.33941 0.05355Philippines 2003 5.4 5.9 13.6 22.4 29.1 12.4 0.186 23.663 0.35853 0.06071Vietnam 1997 (17.0) (22.2) (25.7) (36.3) * 22.0 - - 0.07361 0.07051Vietnam 2002 10.4 (23.2) (29.2) * * 20.6 - - 0.10940 0.08162

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na -0.00117 0.42258Armenia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1999 (2.8) 0.0 (3.2) 0.0 0.0 1.5 - 2.800 -0.33497 0.30342Kyrgyzstan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1993 3.5 4.1 5.1 8.3 15.1 6.1 0.232 11.600 0.32505 0.08615Turkey 1998 11.3 7.5 16.1 18.4 27.5 14.0 0.411 16.200 0.11735 0.04652Turkmenistan 2000 na na na na na na na na na naUzbekistan 1996 * * * * (3.1) 1.5 - - 0.21413 0.91781

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 2.8 3.9 6.6 12.8 22.0 7.2 0.128 19.152 0.39770 0.07708Bolivia 1998 1.6 3.3 5.1 18.4 25.7 7.4 0.062 24.100 0.45913 0.06772Bolivia 2003 2.7 1.2 2.3 6.0 10.1 3.5 0.269 7.387 0.26222 0.08063Brazil 1996 3.8 2.9 8.1 18.3 (26.5) 7.9 0.143 30.300 0.45617 0.08985Colombia 1995 9.8 14.6 13.6 23.1 21.0 14.9 0.467 11.200 0.15056 0.04644Colombia 2000 4.2 6.6 11.1 18.7 25.6 10.3 0.164 21.400 0.33894 0.07346Colombia 2005 1.6 1.5 5.9 6.9 10.7 3.9 0.148 9.083 0.38790 0.07635Dominican Republic 1996 1.3 3.7 0.8 4.9 6.4 2.8 0.203 5.100 0.36829 0.14683Dominican Republic 2002 3.5 5.4 5.6 19.4 20.0 8.2 0.174 16.495 0.43161 0.05920Guatemala 1995 2.3 8.9 7.1 18.2 41.0 11.0 0.056 38.700 0.38011 0.04157Guatemala 1998/99 3.0 3.3 8.3 15.7 (33.3) 9.9 0.090 36.300 0.46660 0.07969Haiti 1994/95 2.4 2.6 3.2 5.8 19.9 5.1 0.121 17.500 0.44452 0.10996Haiti 2000 4.9 4.9 4.6 9.1 16.6 7.2 0.295 11.700 0.22135 0.06199Nicaragua 1997/98 0.9 4.1 7.7 15.5 28.5 7.8 0.032 27.600 0.49389 0.07685Nicaragua 2001 0.7 4.8 11.0 11.6 19.9 7.2 0.035 19.200 0.52444 0.07899Paraguay 1990 4.8 9.0 9.1 (22.4) (42.0) 13.1 0.114 46.800 0.33040 0.08975Peru 1996 0.1 2.2 2.1 5.3 10.8 2.4 0.009 10.700 0.47653 0.06838Peru 2000 0.4 1.9 4.8 5.9 18.7 3.5 0.021 18.300 0.49861 0.07724




TREATMENT OF DIARRHEA IN A PRIVATE FACILITY


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 3.6 4.3 4.5 5.7 12.0 5.4 0.301 8.408 0.30261 0.12789Benin 1996 3.0 1.0 2.4 5.0 14.2 3.8 0.211 11.200 0.24872 0.11184Benin 2001 3.8 3.4 7.0 7.3 11.2 5.8 0.339 7.400 0.30013 0.10285Burkina Faso 1992/93 2.0 1.0 0.0 0.7 3.8 1.4 0.525 1.783 0.44917 0.27536Burkina Faso 1998/99 1.1 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.6 1.100 0.100 -0.26979 0.26402Burkina Faso 2003 0.8 0.8 0.0 0.8 2.0 0.7 0.384 1.221 0.36187 0.18796Cameroon 1991 2.3 4.0 4.6 3.8 7.2 4.2 0.319 4.900 0.16005 0.12088Cameroon 1998 5.8 8.0 16.1 3.6 13.8 8.7 0.420 8.000 0.14295 0.09048Cameroon 2004 4.3 3.3 3.6 10.1 12.8 5.6 0.333 8.513 0.26661 0.07696Central African Republic 1994/95 3.7 2.4 0.9 5.9 10.3 4.6 0.359 6.600 0.31792 0.11933Chad 1996/97 5.0 11.3 9.4 11.3 5.9 8.9 0.847 0.900 -0.02581 0.04358Chad 2004 0.0 0.6 0.0 1.5 3.5 1.1 - 3.531 0.78977 0.19365Comoros 1996 4.8 5.0 (2.3) (7.1) (13.5) 6.1 0.356 18.300 0.29348 0.14345Côte d'Ivoire 1994 2.1 1.2 1.6 2.2 1.1 1.7 1.909 1.000 -0.08899 0.13802Eritrea 1995 0.2 1.4 4.5 3.5 7.7 2.7 0.026 7.500 0.48104 0.17405Ethiopia 2000 1.9 1.2 2.4 2.5 8.9 2.9 0.213 7.000 0.35627 0.08357Gabon 2000 0.0 1.4 0.6 1.6 11.9 2.7 - 11.900 0.47201 0.16919Ghana 1993 2.3 6.7 7.8 7.5 6.0 6.1 0.383 3.700 0.15134 0.10215Ghana 1998 2.6 3.1 5.4 6.7 (11.4) 4.7 0.228 14.000 0.31536 0.10932Ghana 2003 0.6 4.0 2.0 3.4 14.6 3.6 0.044 13.995 0.53645 0.17125Guinea 1999 1.9 1.8 3.2 1.4 1.8 2.0 1.056 0.100 0.02523 0.11344Kenya 1993 10.4 11.6 19.9 5.3 16.2 12.5 0.644 5.766 0.01484 0.07355Kenya 1998 15.1 20.6 11.6 15.4 22.0 16.7 0.686 6.900 0.10228 0.06242Kenya 2003 7.6 6.0 5.5 8.7 21.8 9.5 0.347 14.207 0.23513 0.07287Madagascar 1997 11.9 13.4 8.1 8.8 30.5 13.1 0.390 18.600 0.18210 0.05825Malawi 1992 10.6 11.3 14.0 15.1 19.5 13.9 0.544 8.900 0.11885 0.04900Malawi 2000 5.3 4.9 6.6 7.7 13.6 7.0 0.390 8.300 0.15100 0.04811Mali 1995/96 4.3 7.4 7.4 8.3 15.2 7.8 0.280 10.953 0.21650 0.05673Mali 2001 9.3 8.8 7.9 7.4 15.0 9.2 0.620 5.700 0.03027 0.03994Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 0.0 0.0 5.7 0.0 1.4 1.4 - 1.400 0.18134 0.12977Mozambique 2003 1.0 1.1 1.4 0.0 1.6 1.0 0.602 0.641 0.04634 0.18039Namibia 1992 0.4 0.0 0.0 1.0 3.1 0.6 0.129 2.700 0.49507 0.31556Namibia 2000 1.3 0.4 0.4 1.1 10.4 2.2 0.125 9.100 0.57599 0.21876Niger 1998 0.0 1.7 0.4 1.5 1.5 1.1 - 1.500 0.26208 0.14141Nigeria 1990 0.3 0.8 0.5 0.5 3.8 0.9 0.079 3.500 0.41453 0.17608Nigeria 2003 3.3 2.0 1.9 4.3 9.0 3.3 0.364 5.704 0.24678 0.12716Rwanda 2000 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.9 1.1 0.5 - 1.100 1.24878 0.43116Senegal 1997 2.7 2.3 2.5 5.2 7.2 3.7 0.375 4.500 0.17821 0.09033South Africa 1998 6.3 13.3 15.1 24.1 33.5 15.0 0.188 27.200 0.19065 0.05314Tanzania 1996 2.1 7.7 4.3 2.9 10.0 4.9 0.210 7.900 0.23658 0.08273Tanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 3.1 3.7 9.3 3.7 20.2 6.6 0.152 17.111 0.27240 0.07348Togo 1998 0.9 2.9 1.9 0.3 4.7 1.9 0.191 3.800 0.18702 0.13332Uganda 1995 24.9 25.7 30.6 39.0 42.9 31.4 0.580 18.000 0.11265 0.02461Uganda 2000/01 14.5 23.5 26.4 31.3 43.0 25.1 0.337 28.500 0.20815 0.02779Zambia 1996 0.2 0.7 0.0 2.5 11.3 2.5 0.018 11.100 0.61279 0.12056Zambia 2001 5.1 9.2 6.6 3.9 12.7 7.0 0.402 7.600 0.01335 0.06355Zimbabwe 1994 1.1 7.2 5.8 3.8 15.9 5.6 0.069 14.800 0.27718 0.10270Zimbabwe 1999 5.2 0.0 2.8 2.6 11.8 4.1 0.441 6.600 0.33301 0.14761

G. ALL COUNTRIES 5.8 7.1 8.8 11.4 18.0 9.1 0.321 12.195 0.28721 0.11877




TREATMENT OF DIARRHEA IN A PRIVATE FACILITY (Cont.)

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B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA 84.6 89.4 93.4 94.9 96.0 91.5 0.882 11.350 0.03924 0.00477Armenia 2000 84.6 90.3 95.4 96.6 96.8 92.4 0.874 12.200 0.03238 0.00515Kazakhstan 1995 91.0 96.1 88.0 94.5 98.5 93.0 0.924 7.500 0.00511 0.00534Kazakhstan 1999 97.2 96.2 94.8 92.0 90.8 94.4 1.070 6.400 -0.01630 0.00571Kyrgyzstan 1997 96.4 97.3 98.0 97.1 98.5 97.3 0.979 2.100 0.00331 0.00264Turkey 1993 36.8 54.7 70.5 85.0 92.3 67.0 0.399 55.500 0.16183 0.00690Turkey 1998 38.3 59.9 80.3 87.8 96.2 71.8 0.398 57.900 0.16842 0.00649Turkmenistan 2000 98.3 97.8 98.8 98.4 97.2 98.1 1.011 1.100 na naUzbekistan 1996 93.0 95.0 93.1 97.2 96.4 94.7 0.965 3.400 0.00838 0.00386




Antenatal and Delivery CarePart II: Intermediate Determinants of HNP Status - Health Service Use

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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 63.6 70.9 77.2 84.9 93.6 77.2 0.680 29.906 0.10253 0.00502Benin 1996 59.0 74.1 87.9 93.9 98.6 80.5 0.598 39.600 0.10452 0.00536Benin 2001 73.0 82.7 90.1 95.6 99.5 87.4 0.734 26.500 0.06364 0.00373Burkina Faso 1992/93 42.6 48.3 48.9 69.0 94.2 60.0 0.452 51.585 0.19298 0.00633Burkina Faso 1998/99 50.0 55.1 58.8 67.6 89.7 63.0 0.557 39.700 0.11642 0.00794Burkina Faso 2003 56.3 62.2 72.9 81.0 95.8 72.8 0.588 39.432 0.10370 0.00373Cameroon 1991 50.9 69.0 77.9 91.7 98.8 78.2 0.515 47.900 0.12221 0.00601Cameroon 1998 60.5 69.3 87.8 92.9 95.9 79.2 0.631 35.400 0.09722 0.00638Cameroon 2004 65.0 75.3 89.6 95.6 97.2 83.4 0.668 32.227 0.08083 0.00361Central African Republic 1994/95 39.3 54.1 66.9 84.1 91.4 66.4 0.430 52.100 0.17199 0.00711Chad 1996/97 11.2 19.9 25.8 40.9 71.1 32.6 0.158 59.900 0.35628 0.01112Chad 2004 9.2 30.4 43.2 53.7 77.4 42.6 0.119 68.240 0.32283 0.00762Comoros 1996 67.0 81.8 85.8 95.7 95.0 83.9 0.705 28.000 0.07091 0.00889Côte d'Ivoire 1994 62.0 81.1 84.9 95.9 98.0 83.2 0.633 36.000 0.09233 0.00434Eritrea 1995 33.8 34.0 44.3 68.3 89.8 50.4 0.376 56.000 0.22451 0.01123Ethiopia 2000 15.1 17.7 21.1 25.7 59.8 26.7 0.253 44.700 0.36588 0.01138Gabon 2000 84.5 95.6 98.1 98.3 98.3 95.1 0.860 13.800 0.03128 0.00299Ghana 1993 75.8 78.9 83.6 94.8 97.3 85.7 0.779 21.500 0.05407 0.00533Ghana 1998 76.4 88.4 92.4 94.6 98.3 88.7 0.777 21.900 0.07224 0.00469Ghana 2003 83.4 91.4 94.7 95.4 98.2 91.9 0.849 14.825 0.03689 0.00343Guinea 1999 57.9 58.6 72.5 88.5 96.7 73.5 0.599 38.800 0.11598 0.00489Kenya 1993 89.0 96.1 96.1 95.9 97.6 94.8 0.911 8.642 0.01407 0.00243Kenya 1998 88.5 90.0 93.2 95.3 96.2 92.3 0.920 7.700 0.01679 0.00361Kenya 2003 75.1 87.4 92.4 93.0 94.0 88.1 0.800 18.811 0.05832 0.00393Madagascar 1997 67.1 71.7 75.3 86.1 95.6 77.0 0.702 28.500 0.08026 0.00538Malawi 1992 83.6 87.2 90.7 95.7 96.6 90.6 0.865 13.000 0.02842 0.00340Malawi 2000 89.3 91.2 90.7 95.3 97.6 92.5 0.915 8.300 0.01679 0.00179Mali 1995/96 20.6 35.2 44.2 58.0 85.7 47.5 0.240 65.100 0.23491 0.00779Mali 2001 42.2 44.0 46.2 64.6 91.8 56.8 0.460 49.600 0.16760 0.00525Mauritania 2000/01 33.3 50.3 68.6 81.4 88.5 64.0 0.376 55.200 0.18978 0.00734Mozambique 1997 48.4 70.2 63.7 91.6 98.2 72.0 0.493 49.800 0.12036 0.00490Mozambique 2003 67.0 82.5 86.1 96.9 98.3 84.6 0.682 31.265 0.07394 0.00287Namibia 1992 83.6 87.7 89.3 87.7 89.7 87.7 0.932 6.100 0.01614 0.00444Namibia 2000 80.6 92.0 92.1 92.2 96.3 90.7 0.837 15.700 0.03036 0.00393Niger 1998 23.9 27.0 28.8 45.1 84.7 40.0 0.282 60.800 0.31122 0.00961Nigeria 1990 32.4 43.6 64.3 74.2 90.8 58.9 0.357 58.400 0.21612 0.00549Nigeria 2003 37.1 39.3 59.8 78.2 96.3 60.1 0.386 59.149 0.18662 0.00648Rwanda 2000 89.9 92.0 91.0 93.0 95.2 92.3 0.944 5.300 0.00348 0.00249Senegal 1997 67.4 73.3 87.9 95.3 96.9 83.3 0.696 29.500 0.04663 0.00664South Africa 1998 95.5 94.7 96.3 94.7 93.5 95.0 1.021 2.000 -0.00177 0.00210Tanzania 1996 82.2 90.1 88.4 93.1 96.6 89.9 0.851 14.400 0.02768 0.00291Tanzania 1999 88.8 90.8 91.5 94.2 97.3 92.5 0.913 8.500 0.00989 0.00257Tanzania 2004 90.6 93.8 95.4 95.3 96.7 94.3 0.938 6.031 0.01507 0.00189Togo 1998 68.8 78.2 88.1 89.8 97.3 82.8 0.707 28.500 0.07365 0.00517Uganda 1995 87.3 89.8 91.9 93.8 95.5 91.5 0.914 8.200 0.01672 0.00271Uganda 2000/01 88.2 89.4 94.2 93.8 97.5 92.4 0.905 9.300 0.01815 0.00305Zambia 1996 91.3 94.2 95.1 98.9 99.6 95.6 0.917 8.300 0.01822 0.00182Zambia 2001 89.0 91.4 92.5 96.2 98.9 93.4 0.900 9.900 0.02171 0.00225Zimbabwe 1994 90.8 93.0 91.5 94.8 96.0 93.1 0.946 5.200 0.00864 0.00325Zimbabwe 1999 94.1 92.9 89.0 92.4 96.9 93.1 0.971 2.800 0.00094 0.00246

G. ALL COUNTRIES 62.1 70.3 76.6 83.8 92.6 76.1 0.671 30.405 0.10954 0.00509


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B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA 61.6 70.0 77.8 85.5 90.6 76.3 0.680 28.950 0.09210 0.00838Armenia 2000 65.8 80.4 89.6 92.3 94.0 83.8 0.700 28.200 0.07000 0.00748Kazakhstan 1995 57.9 57.7 66.4 84.9 96.0 70.7 0.603 38.100 0.10601 0.01283Kazakhstan 1999 70.5 68.1 76.5 83.9 83.4 76.1 0.845 12.900 0.04526 0.00993Kyrgyzstan 1997 47.0 61.3 64.9 78.8 90.4 66.0 0.520 43.400 0.12113 0.01130Turkey 1993 23.4 33.0 50.9 68.0 87.0 51.2 0.269 63.600 0.25377 0.00851Turkey 1998 30.7 50.2 71.6 82.0 95.0 65.0 0.323 64.300 0.19957 0.00675Turkmenistan 2000 73.7 76.0 81.0 86.4 90.5 81.3 0.814 16.800 na naUzbekistan 1996 82.1 83.7 83.4 89.7 90.2 85.3 0.910 8.100 0.02456 0.00645

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 36.2 47.4 53.8 61.9 65.7 51.7 0.552 29.438 0.08783 0.00929Bolivia 1998 30.3 53.1 71.8 89.9 95.8 65.3 0.316 65.500 0.21946 0.00460Bolivia 2003 39.6 58.0 77.3 89.2 97.9 70.2 0.405 58.242 0.15404 0.00374Brazil 1996 62.8 85.4 93.1 96.8 98.1 85.3 0.640 35.300 0.10205 0.00418Colombia 1995 60.9 79.9 88.5 92.7 96.1 82.7 0.634 35.200 0.08681 0.00433Colombia 2000 73.5 85.1 90.2 94.6 94.3 86.9 0.779 20.800 0.05204 0.00396Colombia 2005 73.1 85.3 90.8 92.3 95.8 86.7 0.763 22.712 0.06283 0.00242Dominican Republic 1996 94.9 98.2 99.2 99.1 100.0 98.2 0.949 5.100 0.01480 0.00203Dominican Republic 2002 47.3 37.7 29.0 24.3 13.8 31.0 3.436 33.508 -0.21055 0.00912Guatemala 1995 24.8 30.0 42.2 70.3 92.1 48.0 0.269 67.300 0.25886 0.00713Guatemala 1998/99 19.7 35.2 52.2 74.3 94.3 53.1 0.209 74.600 0.27648 0.00787Haiti 1994/95 20.1 26.5 39.7 61.5 84.5 43.9 0.238 64.400 0.29520 0.01137Haiti 2000 24.6 35.4 41.4 63.0 71.8 46.9 0.343 47.200 0.21888 0.00866Nicaragua 1997/98 29.9 41.4 46.4 45.6 40.3 40.2 0.742 10.400 0.07106 0.00929Nicaragua 2001 34.1 49.8 55.5 54.9 41.6 46.8 0.820 7.500 0.07396 0.00908Paraguay 1990 14.3 18.9 9.1 7.8 5.2 11.2 2.750 9.100 -0.19792 0.03138Peru 1996 10.8 26.3 37.3 50.3 69.9 35.2 0.155 59.100 0.28763 0.00619Peru 2000 10.6 21.1 35.8 54.6 72.6 34.6 0.146 62.000 0.31074 0.00715




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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 6.1 8.0 10.4 13.6 24.2 12.0 0.254 18.063 0.31977 0.03988Benin 1996 2.1 2.7 4.3 5.0 20.5 5.8 0.102 18.400 0.43226 0.05552Benin 2001 1.5 1.3 4.3 3.9 22.0 5.9 0.068 20.500 0.54741 0.04922Burkina Faso 1992/93 0.4 0.8 2.0 1.5 6.9 2.2 0.054 6.486 0.70631 0.08057Burkina Faso 1998/99 0.3 0.3 0.6 3.4 6.4 2.0 0.047 6.100 0.75974 0.09198Burkina Faso 2003 1.6 1.5 0.8 2.1 8.1 2.5 0.195 6.531 0.29815 0.05266Cameroon 1991 4.7 6.3 11.9 19.1 33.2 15.2 0.142 28.500 0.43796 0.03067Cameroon 1998 6.8 8.5 20.9 23.0 33.4 17.1 0.204 26.600 0.34194 0.02753Cameroon 2004 3.3 7.2 14.4 22.6 40.6 16.5 0.082 37.282 0.42426 0.01853Central African Republic 1994/95 1.5 4.0 4.3 3.1 7.7 4.0 0.195 6.200 0.26488 0.06431Chad 1996/97 0.3 0.2 1.1 2.8 6.2 2.0 0.048 5.900 0.70159 0.07523Chad 2004 0.3 0.9 2.4 3.3 6.4 2.6 0.043 6.152 0.58453 0.06700Comoros 1996 7.9 9.1 9.3 8.0 18.6 10.1 0.425 10.700 0.14194 0.06088Côte d'Ivoire 1994 0.8 1.4 3.0 5.6 13.4 4.3 0.060 12.600 0.45846 0.05271Eritrea 1995 17.1 21.5 24.4 31.2 47.2 26.4 0.362 30.100 0.22610 0.02094Ethiopia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGabon 2000 13.1 20.4 28.7 39.3 49.1 29.7 0.267 36.000 0.22943 0.01615Ghana 1993 16.4 16.5 17.6 32.7 55.9 26.7 0.293 39.500 0.27043 0.02255Ghana 1998 12.1 18.2 23.0 36.4 58.6 26.9 0.206 46.500 0.29165 0.01783Ghana 2003 8.8 10.8 19.0 24.1 50.6 20.9 0.175 41.731 0.33701 0.02058Guinea 1999 10.3 14.7 20.6 23.1 30.0 19.1 0.343 19.700 0.20690 0.01940Kenya 1993 21.1 22.5 23.1 19.1 31.8 23.4 0.664 10.674 0.07235 0.01717Kenya 1998 23.7 23.2 25.8 32.7 38.8 28.3 0.611 15.100 0.13074 0.01766Kenya 2003 15.6 16.4 17.3 14.8 24.9 17.9 0.626 9.334 0.11930 0.02122Madagascar 1997 14.8 15.5 21.5 24.8 20.2 18.8 0.733 5.400 0.10920 0.02070Malawi 1992 4.6 5.5 6.4 7.1 11.0 6.8 0.418 6.400 0.22127 0.04351Malawi 2000 7.5 8.6 7.5 9.0 8.6 8.2 0.872 1.100 0.07109 0.02189Mali 1995/96 0.1 0.6 0.7 1.4 2.9 1.1 0.034 2.800 0.53733 0.10140Mali 2001 0.9 1.4 1.8 2.5 7.8 2.7 0.115 6.900 0.44770 0.04707Mauritania 2000/01 10.9 12.3 19.6 23.0 34.7 19.9 0.314 23.800 0.23601 0.02103Mozambique 1997 0.1 2.1 0.3 1.2 7.9 2.0 0.013 7.800 0.81063 0.10626Mozambique 2003 0.4 0.6 0.3 2.8 8.9 2.3 0.041 8.495 0.70903 0.06339Namibia 1992 4.6 6.1 5.9 20.2 41.0 16.7 0.112 36.400 0.43299 0.02714Namibia 2000 2.6 8.8 8.6 14.8 30.1 13.0 0.086 27.500 0.39235 0.02881Niger 1998 0.9 0.8 0.3 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.900 0.100 0.10231 0.11044Nigeria 1990 17.0 26.2 37.5 42.5 67.2 36.4 0.253 50.200 0.30783 0.00910Nigeria 2003 7.6 9.2 15.4 25.5 56.5 21.3 0.134 48.965 0.37905 0.01866Rwanda 2000 17.8 17.4 16.5 20.6 28.2 20.1 0.631 10.400 0.19537 0.01773Senegal 1997 4.2 5.2 4.4 4.6 19.3 7.1 0.218 15.100 0.20223 0.03611South Africa 1998 11.1 20.2 26.0 39.0 67.3 30.0 0.165 56.200 0.33101 0.01260Tanzania 1996 5.3 5.1 5.4 8.3 13.4 7.4 0.396 8.100 0.21971 0.03278Tanzania 1999 3.6 3.2 2.1 2.4 17.1 5.7 0.211 13.500 0.40086 0.05958Tanzania 2004 1.1 1.3 1.3 2.1 5.2 2.1 0.210 4.078 0.32881 0.06209Togo 1998 1.1 2.0 1.3 4.0 12.4 3.5 0.089 11.300 0.41846 0.06407Uganda 1995 4.7 6.0 9.3 10.6 20.9 10.1 0.225 16.200 0.33487 0.02831Uganda 2000/01 4.1 4.8 7.5 8.9 23.8 9.4 0.172 19.700 0.42005 0.03111Zambia 1996 1.2 0.6 2.2 2.8 8.9 3.1 0.135 7.700 0.43817 0.05877Zambia 2001 0.4 1.1 1.4 2.8 6.8 2.3 0.059 6.400 0.42483 0.06661Zimbabwe 1994 11.5 10.5 18.4 23.9 41.5 20.7 0.277 30.000 0.31438 0.02553Zimbabwe 1999 4.9 6.6 9.5 14.5 28.4 13.2 0.173 23.500 0.34779 0.03073

G. ALL COUNTRIES 20.1 25.1 29.6 35.8 46.8 30.7 0.430 26.688 0.25722 0.02728



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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC 50.0 58.4 58.6 54.7 49.9 54.0 1.003 0.153 -0.00546 0.00953Cambodia 2000 21.7 27.7 32.0 42.6 74.7 36.5 0.290 53.000 0.22656 0.00913Indonesia 1997 73.7 85.8 87.2 84.9 66.3 79.9 1.112 7.400 -0.01285 0.00290Indonesia 2002/03 76.1 89.6 93.6 96.8 96.6 90.1 0.788 20.440 0.04941 0.00169Philippines 1998 61.7 60.6 46.5 28.6 15.1 45.4 4.086 46.600 -0.17791 0.00825Philippines 2003 63.8 65.3 51.8 37.7 16.7 49.5 3.812 47.052 -0.17383 0.00790Vietnam 1997 37.3 57.6 53.7 50.7 30.4 46.3 1.227 6.900 -0.00557 0.01518Vietnam 2002 38.5 51.1 57.1 41.6 11.5 40.0 3.348 27.000 -0.12395 0.01939


C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 29.4 28.7 28.5 27.2 28.9 28.8 1.018 0.512 -0.20468 0.01992Bolivia 1998 13.3 8.5 3.0 0.8 0.3 5.7 44.333 13.000 -0.51005 0.03475Bolivia 2003 14.2 9.2 2.5 1.1 0.3 5.9 40.725 13.871 -0.55063 0.02988Brazil 1996 9.4 3.6 1.8 1.1 0.0 3.7 - 9.400 -0.61928 0.05442Colombia 1995 4.7 3.4 2.4 3.2 1.6 3.1 2.938 3.100 -0.12762 0.05169Colombia 2000 6.5 3.1 4.2 3.1 2.2 3.9 2.955 4.300 -0.18687 0.04972Colombia 2005 10.6 7.4 6.1 5.2 3.3 6.8 3.218 7.315 -0.21050 0.02157Dominican Republic 1996 1.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 - 1.500 -1.00934 0.22625Dominican Republic 2002 49.4 60.5 69.7 74.6 85.2 67.3 0.580 35.774 0.10632 0.00422Guatemala 1995 10.9 11.2 9.1 5.0 0.4 7.9 27.250 10.500 -0.16285 0.02422Guatemala 1998/99 17.0 17.4 13.3 6.2 2.7 11.7 6.296 14.300 -0.17285 0.02743Haiti 1994/95 25.8 33.5 33.9 22.5 7.6 25.7 3.395 18.200 -0.12789 0.01917Haiti 2000 40.7 39.0 40.9 26.2 18.9 33.4 2.153 21.800 -0.13820 0.01201Nicaragua 1997/98 40.3 42.3 42.5 46.1 55.8 44.6 0.722 15.500 0.05849 0.00860Nicaragua 2001 34.7 35.4 35.4 39.7 55.1 39.4 0.630 20.400 0.06386 0.01044Paraguay 1990 58.2 64.1 78.5 87.1 93.0 75.7 0.626 34.800 0.10798 0.00596Peru 1996 30.7 40.5 43.5 38.3 26.6 36.5 1.154 4.100 0.05229 0.00691Peru 2000 30.6 21.6 7.9 3.8 1.7 15.0 18.000 28.900 -0.42886 0.01331

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA 8.4 10.0 10.7 10.3 5.1 9.0 1.631 3.236 -0.04293 0.05639Egypt 1995 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 - 0.000 0.18327 0.63920Egypt 2000 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 - 0.300 -0.30389 0.14384Jordan 1997 9.4 6.0 5.2 2.9 1.2 5.1 7.833 8.200 -0.15361 0.03033Morocco 1992 3.1 9.8 14.5 21.4 14.3 12.1 0.217 11.200 0.24908 0.02397Morocco 2003/04 22.6 31.7 34.7 33.5 14.4 27.6 1.572 8.242 -0.00548 0.01287Yemen 1997 1.1 2.2 2.9 4.7 4.9 3.1 0.224 3.800 0.29126 0.03850

E. SOUTH ASIA 13.8 17.3 20.7 19.6 15.2 17.3 0.909 1.384 0.06708 0.02128Bangladesh 1996/97 6.0 6.1 6.6 9.7 7.8 7.1 0.769 1.800 0.07037 0.02956Bangladesh 1999/2000 9.8 8.8 9.8 11.7 8.0 9.6 1.225 1.800 -0.00214 0.02306Bangladesh 2004 12.6 19.7 22.0 18.6 15.5 17.5 0.811 2.936 0.01794 0.01529India 1992/93 6.4 7.9 10.3 13.2 7.5 9.0 0.853 1.100 0.14324 0.00936India 1998/99 17.2 18.3 20.0 15.2 9.5 16.5 1.811 7.700 -0.07121 0.00732Nepal 1996 17.5 27.0 26.3 30.9 28.1 25.3 0.623 10.600 0.10882 0.01527Nepal 2001 24.2 29.4 38.0 39.0 31.3 31.9 0.773 7.100 0.08080 0.01192Pakistan 1990/91 1.3 1.9 3.0 5.5 4.5 3.2 0.289 3.200 0.24077 0.05059


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 57.4 62.9 66.9 71.5 70.1 65.4 0.819 12.710 0.07134 0.00730Benin 1996 56.9 71.5 83.7 88.9 78.1 74.7 0.729 21.200 0.07917 0.00705Benin 2001 71.5 81.3 85.7 91.7 77.5 81.5 0.923 6.000 0.02889 0.00527Burkina Faso 1992/93 42.2 47.4 46.9 67.6 87.3 57.8 0.484 45.100 0.17378 0.00683Burkina Faso 1998/99 49.7 54.7 58.1 64.1 83.2 60.9 0.597 33.500 0.10641 0.00687Burkina Faso 2003 54.7 60.7 72.1 78.8 87.7 70.3 0.625 32.901 0.09662 0.00419Cameroon 1991 46.2 62.7 66.0 72.6 65.6 63.0 0.704 19.400 0.04562 0.01016Cameroon 1998 53.7 60.8 66.9 69.9 62.5 62.0 0.859 8.800 0.03012 0.00995Cameroon 2004 57.2 64.2 71.6 69.6 55.6 63.6 1.028 1.569 0.00741 0.00663Central African Republic 1994/95 37.8 50.1 62.6 81.0 83.8 62.4 0.451 46.000 0.16659 0.00842Chad 1996/97 10.9 19.8 24.8 38.1 64.9 30.7 0.168 54.000 0.36443 0.01134Chad 2004 8.9 29.5 40.8 50.5 71.0 40.0 0.126 62.088 0.30546 0.00856Comoros 1996 59.1 72.7 76.5 87.7 76.4 73.9 0.774 17.300 0.06301 0.01180Côte d'Ivoire 1994 61.2 79.8 82.0 90.3 84.6 79.0 0.723 23.400 0.07311 0.00531Eritrea 1995 16.6 12.5 19.9 37.1 42.7 24.0 0.389 26.100 0.23374 0.02313Ethiopia 2000 15.1 17.7 21.1 25.7 59.8 26.7 0.253 44.700 0.37158 0.01125Gabon 2000 71.4 75.3 69.3 59.0 49.1 65.4 1.454 22.300 -0.05481 0.00811Ghana 1993 59.4 62.5 66.0 62.1 41.4 58.9 1.435 18.000 -0.04499 0.01119Ghana 1998 64.3 70.2 69.4 58.1 39.7 61.8 1.620 24.600 -0.03925 0.00945Ghana 2003 73.7 80.1 75.5 70.2 47.0 70.4 1.569 26.707 -0.05132 0.00747Guinea 1999 47.5 43.9 51.9 65.4 66.6 54.4 0.713 19.100 0.08399 0.00830Kenya 1993 67.9 73.6 73.0 76.8 65.8 71.4 1.031 2.032 -0.00500 0.00611Kenya 1998 64.7 66.8 67.3 62.5 57.5 64.0 1.125 7.200 -0.03302 0.00825Kenya 2003 59.5 71.0 75.1 78.2 69.0 70.2 0.863 9.477 0.04275 0.00663Madagascar 1997 52.3 56.1 53.9 61.4 75.4 58.2 0.694 23.100 0.06681 0.00833Malawi 1992 79.0 81.7 84.2 88.6 85.6 83.8 0.923 6.600 0.01238 0.00486Malawi 2000 81.8 82.5 83.3 86.3 88.9 84.3 0.920 7.100 0.01290 0.00273Mali 1995/96 20.4 34.6 43.5 56.6 82.7 46.4 0.247 62.300 0.24573 0.00752Mali 2001 41.4 42.6 44.4 62.0 84.0 54.1 0.493 42.600 0.15211 0.00570Mauritania 2000/01 22.5 38.0 49.0 58.4 53.7 44.1 0.419 31.200 0.16923 0.01119Mozambique 1997 48.3 68.1 63.4 90.4 90.3 70.0 0.535 42.000 0.10087 0.00592Mozambique 2003 66.7 81.9 85.7 94.1 89.4 82.2 0.745 22.770 0.05585 0.00347Namibia 1992 79.1 81.6 83.3 67.5 48.8 71.0 1.621 30.300 -0.08243 0.00777Namibia 2000 78.0 83.1 83.5 77.5 66.3 77.6 1.176 11.700 -0.03151 0.00623Niger 1998 23.0 26.2 28.5 43.9 83.8 39.2 0.274 60.800 0.31329 0.00982Nigeria 1990 15.4 17.4 26.8 31.7 23.6 22.5 0.653 8.200 0.06847 0.01396Nigeria 2003 24.6 27.5 40.4 51.1 38.1 35.8 0.646 13.466 0.10194 0.01296Rwanda 2000 72.2 74.6 74.4 72.4 67.0 72.2 1.078 5.200 -0.04529 0.00530Senegal 1997 63.2 68.1 83.5 90.7 77.6 76.2 0.814 14.400 0.06916 0.00496South Africa 1998 84.3 74.5 70.3 55.7 26.2 65.0 3.218 58.100 -0.15082 0.00570Tanzania 1996 76.9 85.0 83.0 84.9 83.2 82.5 0.924 6.300 0.01014 0.00415Tanzania 1999 85.2 87.7 89.4 91.8 80.1 86.8 1.064 5.100 -0.01562 0.00458Tanzania 2004 89.6 92.6 94.1 93.2 91.5 92.2 0.979 1.953 0.00782 0.00240Togo 1998 67.6 76.3 86.8 85.8 84.8 79.3 0.797 17.200 0.04806 0.00496Uganda 1995 82.5 83.8 82.6 83.1 74.6 81.4 1.106 7.900 -0.02259 0.00443Uganda 2000/01 84.0 84.6 86.7 84.9 73.7 83.0 1.140 10.300 -0.02378 0.00427Zambia 1996 90.1 93.6 92.9 96.1 90.7 92.5 0.993 0.600 0.00427 0.00265Zambia 2001 88.6 90.2 91.1 93.4 92.1 91.0 0.962 3.500 0.01189 0.00291Zimbabwe 1994 79.4 82.5 73.1 71.0 54.5 72.4 1.457 24.900 -0.07884 0.00796Zimbabwe 1999 89.2 86.3 79.5 77.9 68.5 79.9 1.302 20.700 -0.05573 0.00557

G. ALL COUNTRIES 42.1 45.4 47.3 48.4 46.5 45.8 0.904 4.469 -0.01477 0.01697




ANTENATAL CARE VISITS TO A NURSE OR TRAINED MIDWIFE (Cont.)

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ANTENATAL CARE VISITS TO A MEDICALLY-TRAINED PERSON MULTIPLE TIMES


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 47.8 55.0 61.5 69.4 81.3 62.0 0.589 33.431 0.14879 0.00734Benin 1996 45.6 59.1 74.0 80.9 92.1 67.7 0.495 46.500 0.14230 0.00712Benin 2001 59.3 69.3 77.7 87.7 92.4 76.3 0.642 33.100 0.09192 0.00517Burkina Faso 1992/93 26.1 31.4 32.9 49.7 74.5 42.3 0.350 48.454 0.26486 0.00927Burkina Faso 1998/99 35.5 38.0 39.7 48.0 71.4 45.4 0.497 35.900 0.16011 0.00950Burkina Faso 2003 32.5 34.7 45.9 50.8 74.5 46.7 0.436 41.995 0.16937 0.00679Cameroon 1991 39.5 54.5 63.4 78.0 89.1 65.4 0.443 49.600 0.16049 0.00807Cameroon 1998 47.4 59.4 76.1 80.3 88.1 67.9 0.538 40.700 0.12804 0.00835Cameroon 2004 53.9 64.4 80.3 88.6 91.7 74.5 0.587 37.825 0.10815 0.00448Central African Republic 1994/95 33.8 47.7 60.6 72.6 78.6 58.0 0.430 44.800 0.17315 0.00885Chad 1996/97 8.0 13.4 18.1 30.7 59.4 24.9 0.135 51.400 0.43944 0.01364Chad 2004 4.9 19.8 27.4 37.5 64.4 30.5 0.077 59.439 0.41482 0.01075Comoros 1996 41.4 61.2 74.3 81.8 87.9 67.3 0.471 46.500 0.14301 0.01237Côte d'Ivoire 1994 26.0 43.6 45.7 62.5 75.0 48.7 0.347 49.000 0.19513 0.00899Eritrea 1995 20.6 21.2 29.3 57.0 83.7 38.3 0.246 63.100 0.34190 0.01442Ethiopia 2000 6.7 9.0 10.8 14.1 44.9 16.1 0.149 38.200 0.55577 0.01745Gabon 2000 70.0 82.6 89.2 91.6 93.5 85.4 0.749 23.500 0.06250 0.00459Ghana 1993 60.2 62.5 71.2 86.0 91.7 73.6 0.656 31.500 0.09093 0.00716Ghana 1998 58.6 72.7 77.0 81.9 91.3 74.4 0.642 32.700 0.07937 0.00629Ghana 2003 69.4 76.3 80.8 86.8 94.1 80.3 0.737 24.738 0.06166 0.00517Guinea 1999 48.4 46.1 60.9 75.4 85.1 62.0 0.569 36.700 0.13195 0.00664Kenya 1993 76.3 85.1 83.9 84.9 87.7 83.4 0.870 11.360 0.02475 0.00420Kenya 1998 77.4 78.5 82.4 84.3 86.5 81.4 0.895 9.100 0.01879 0.00515Kenya 2003 64.0 75.5 75.9 78.4 84.3 75.5 0.759 20.281 0.07126 0.00522Madagascar 1997 55.2 58.1 61.5 72.3 82.6 63.9 0.668 27.400 0.09551 0.00708Malawi 1992 73.6 75.8 82.8 89.8 88.8 82.0 0.829 15.200 0.04066 0.00510Malawi 2000 76.9 78.3 78.4 82.2 85.7 80.0 0.897 8.800 0.02284 0.00316Mali 1995/96 10.8 21.3 31.7 43.8 69.6 34.3 0.155 58.800 0.32089 0.00982Mali 2001 24.7 29.3 30.8 45.8 73.8 40.0 0.335 49.100 0.22935 0.00758Mauritania 2000/01 16.3 32.6 50.0 61.1 75.1 46.5 0.217 58.800 0.26528 0.00909Mozambique 1997 30.0 49.0 47.3 72.3 75.1 52.7 0.399 45.100 0.17033 0.00833Mozambique 2003 52.8 66.1 72.7 86.1 90.0 71.8 0.587 37.184 0.10496 0.00408Namibia 1992 61.9 69.4 67.6 65.0 76.0 68.2 0.814 14.100 0.03911 0.00789Namibia 2000 71.6 76.0 82.7 77.1 84.2 78.4 0.850 12.600 0.02639 0.00573Niger 1998 13.5 15.1 16.5 27.4 63.7 25.7 0.212 50.200 0.39439 0.01508Nigeria 1990 32.3 42.8 63.2 69.3 90.2 57.4 0.358 57.900 0.21842 0.00577Nigeria 2003 30.7 33.5 52.0 72.5 90.8 53.8 0.338 60.161 0.21830 0.00742Rwanda 2000 40.0 45.4 44.7 45.7 59.6 47.3 0.671 19.600 0.07459 0.00819Senegal 1997 43.5 52.5 64.5 74.1 83.6 62.6 0.520 40.100 0.13619 0.00623South Africa 1998 78.2 83.9 82.8 82.7 90.2 83.1 0.867 12.000 0.02309 0.00413Tanzania 1996 81.0 88.2 89.5 88.7 90.5 87.5 0.895 9.500 0.01631 0.00345Tanzania 1999 82.0 84.4 83.0 89.0 92.5 86.1 0.886 10.500 0.01406 0.00413Tanzania 2004 80.2 85.5 85.3 88.3 91.3 86.0 0.879 11.087 0.02748 0.00310Togo 1998 49.5 60.3 72.4 78.4 89.6 67.7 0.552 40.100 0.11194 0.00608Uganda 1995 65.7 64.5 71.0 74.8 83.9 71.6 0.783 18.200 0.05684 0.00533Uganda 2000/01 58.5 62.9 67.6 73.6 85.7 69.0 0.683 27.200 0.07981 0.00549Zambia 1996 80.7 84.1 85.2 90.1 91.8 86.2 0.879 11.100 0.02606 0.00346Zambia 2001 80.4 85.2 86.8 90.2 91.9 86.6 0.875 11.500 0.02807 0.00347Zimbabwe 1994 83.0 86.1 85.3 89.0 90.9 86.7 0.913 7.900 0.01584 0.00482Zimbabwe 1999 84.1 80.1 77.0 71.4 68.6 75.9 1.226 15.500 -0.04374 0.00612

G. ALL COUNTRIES 48.3 56.5 63.4 70.7 82.4 63.2 0.586 34.102 0.15956 0.00741



ANTENATAL CARE VISITS TO A MEDICALLY-TRAINED PERSON MULTIPLE TIMES (Cont.)


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B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na na naArmenia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKyrgyzstan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1993 28.9 47.0 53.5 52.4 37.4 44.1 0.773 8.500 0.04592 0.01315Turkey 1998 35.3 47.7 50.7 50.7 38.5 44.8 0.917 3.200 0.07737 0.01319Turkmenistan 2000 na na na na na na na na na naUzbekistan 1996 na na na na na na na na na na

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 66.9 72.3 77.3 77.8 75.0 73.7 0.892 8.088 0.03150 0.00512Bolivia 1998 33.0 47.5 52.1 60.4 56.1 49.0 0.588 23.100 0.10665 0.00840Bolivia 2003 39.0 50.3 58.2 61.0 61.6 53.3 0.633 22.589 0.06187 0.00651Brazil 1996 58.7 63.6 62.0 53.2 54.7 58.8 1.073 4.000 -0.00552 0.00800Colombia 1995 83.2 85.4 82.7 77.6 69.7 80.4 1.194 13.500 -0.02369 0.00477Colombia 2000 84.8 83.4 83.2 85.3 77.7 83.1 1.091 7.100 -0.00058 0.00438Colombia 2005 82.8 86.0 87.5 86.3 84.5 85.5 0.980 1.702 0.01079 0.00236Dominican Republic 1996 93.6 97.2 97.0 95.8 95.5 95.8 0.980 1.900 0.01795 0.00447Dominican Republic 2002 90.9 93.3 94.2 95.6 95.0 93.8 0.957 4.103 0.01128 0.00184Guatemala 1995 51.4 55.6 58.0 57.3 45.4 53.9 1.132 6.000 0.03794 0.00741Guatemala 1998/99 49.8 55.9 67.2 65.1 50.9 57.7 0.978 1.100 0.06733 0.00949Haiti 1994/95 50.5 64.4 69.5 77.4 70.0 65.9 0.721 19.500 0.06889 0.00912Haiti 2000 63.2 63.7 72.6 77.9 76.8 70.8 0.823 13.600 0.03630 0.00586Nicaragua 1997/98 78.9 86.5 89.1 89.4 88.0 86.0 0.897 9.100 0.02400 0.00307Nicaragua 2001 76.7 83.9 86.2 86.8 83.5 83.1 0.919 6.800 0.02176 0.00395Paraguay 1990 74.8 81.6 87.9 93.8 95.0 86.3 0.787 20.200 0.05561 0.00443Peru 1996 61.3 74.7 79.6 79.7 72.7 73.2 0.843 11.400 0.05117 0.00331Peru 2000 66.3 72.6 79.4 80.5 73.0 73.9 0.908 6.700 0.02409 0.00361

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA 34.1 38.2 41.1 43.2 39.4 39.2 0.865 5.309 0.10225 0.01060Egypt 1995 62.9 68.1 74.0 76.8 63.4 68.9 0.992 0.500 0.01769 0.00470Egypt 2000 64.4 74.9 78.8 79.2 62.2 72.1 1.035 2.200 0.00117 0.00457Jordan 1997 41.4 39.6 41.0 37.8 33.0 38.8 1.255 8.400 0.00368 0.01019Morocco 1992 83.9 87.3 86.7 82.7 71.8 82.8 1.169 12.100 -0.02651 0.00489Morocco 2003/04 21.9 28.9 31.2 32.4 24.6 27.7 0.889 2.735 0.04365 0.01295Yemen 1997 8.8 9.2 13.5 23.4 37.9 18.1 0.232 29.100 0.36051 0.01469



TETANUS TOXOID


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 53.6 58.7 63.1 69.5 76.0 63.6 0.705 22.434 0.09612 0.00724Benin 1996 53.4 67.9 81.5 81.7 82.4 71.8 0.648 29.000 0.09144 0.00710Benin 2001 63.6 66.4 73.2 76.3 74.4 70.5 0.855 10.800 0.03947 0.00637Burkina Faso 1992/93 53.1 53.7 53.8 67.5 87.3 62.6 0.608 34.221 0.12850 0.00633Burkina Faso 1998/99 45.1 53.7 50.7 54.9 78.9 55.8 0.572 33.792 0.11330 0.00739Burkina Faso 2003 54.2 57.8 64.1 67.6 81.8 64.5 0.663 27.613 0.07849 0.00478Cameroon 1991 43.6 56.9 69.0 84.5 87.7 68.8 0.497 44.100 0.12740 0.00788Cameroon 1998 54.1 59.8 80.6 82.3 82.9 70.1 0.653 28.800 0.09278 0.00813Cameroon 2004 59.1 70.1 76.4 81.1 79.4 72.5 0.744 20.305 0.05695 0.00513Central African Republic 1994/95 50.0 64.2 71.9 77.5 81.5 68.5 0.613 31.500 0.09958 0.00784Chad 1996/97 11.1 20.3 23.4 37.9 68.9 31.3 0.161 57.800 0.38198 0.01095Chad 2004 11.8 34.0 39.3 51.6 72.5 41.8 0.163 60.671 0.29332 0.00844Comoros 1996 51.2 53.6 57.4 64.2 57.1 56.4 0.897 5.900 0.03750 0.01672Côte d'Ivoire 1994 53.6 72.7 74.4 89.0 90.4 74.8 0.593 36.800 0.10173 0.00541Eritrea 1995 20.5 20.4 25.8 50.8 70.7 34.4 0.290 50.200 0.32634 0.01569Ethiopia 2000 19.2 19.7 20.4 25.2 51.1 26.2 0.376 31.900 0.29497 0.01181Gabon 2000 68.6 78.2 84.8 86.6 80.8 80.0 0.849 12.200 0.04277 0.00572Ghana 1993 66.9 70.0 74.5 86.3 90.2 77.1 0.742 23.300 0.06257 0.00658Ghana 1998 71.9 80.5 82.5 85.5 92.7 81.4 0.776 20.800 0.05000 0.00534Ghana 2003 75.6 80.4 85.4 89.7 89.8 83.4 0.841 14.289 0.04245 0.00498Guinea 1999 54.1 57.8 70.7 85.1 94.4 71.1 0.573 40.300 0.11965 0.00532Kenya 1993 83.6 89.3 89.6 91.5 92.0 89.1 0.908 8.433 0.01632 0.00343Kenya 1998 87.2 87.8 91.0 92.4 92.3 89.9 0.945 5.100 0.01321 0.00368Kenya 2003 71.5 87.6 88.9 90.2 90.4 85.4 0.790 18.976 0.05121 0.00446Madagascar 1997 45.1 48.5 45.6 53.7 58.3 49.3 0.774 13.200 0.05766 0.01018Malawi 1992 79.2 82.9 89.1 91.5 93.5 87.1 0.847 14.300 0.03103 0.00409Malawi 2000 78.8 81.2 80.2 82.9 85.5 81.5 0.922 6.700 0.01789 0.00302Mali 1995/96 31.2 41.2 47.5 59.8 82.1 51.4 0.380 50.900 0.18628 0.00707Mali 2001 35.1 37.4 37.7 55.0 81.3 48.5 0.432 46.200 0.17250 0.00641Mauritania 2000/01 23.0 28.6 42.2 44.9 54.5 38.4 0.422 31.500 0.16805 0.01222Mozambique 1997 15.2 25.4 26.7 51.2 57.7 33.9 0.263 42.500 0.25553 0.01250Mozambique 2003 60.5 73.2 79.3 86.6 85.6 75.7 0.707 25.116 0.07000 0.00393Namibia 1992 66.1 69.7 68.5 62.2 51.2 63.0 1.291 14.900 -0.05247 0.00891Namibia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNiger 1998 23.1 24.7 26.1 39.2 66.5 34.5 0.347 43.400 0.25425 0.01168Nigeria 1990 31.5 36.9 58.5 65.9 81.1 52.8 0.388 49.600 0.20983 0.00651Nigeria 2003 28.6 29.8 48.1 69.4 88.0 50.8 0.325 59.398 0.21755 0.00820Rwanda 2000 63.1 63.4 61.4 63.5 72.9 64.8 0.866 9.800 0.03515 0.00561Senegal 1997 74.2 77.3 86.3 92.9 91.9 84.0 0.807 17.700 0.05079 0.00371South Africa 1998 72.0 68.7 63.3 46.4 27.3 57.9 2.637 44.700 -0.09114 0.00764Tanzania 1996 87.0 90.6 92.7 94.3 96.4 92.1 0.902 9.400 0.02018 0.00267Tanzania 1999 76.0 80.2 82.5 86.8 88.6 82.7 0.858 12.600 0.01940 0.00528Tanzania 2004 78.0 78.5 75.2 81.6 86.1 79.7 0.906 8.089 0.00764 0.00394Togo 1998 48.5 53.1 67.9 68.4 76.9 61.3 0.631 28.400 0.08197 0.00747Uganda 1995 77.1 77.2 81.1 80.1 83.8 79.7 0.920 6.700 0.02244 0.00440Uganda 2000/01 65.8 62.8 70.9 70.1 79.9 69.5 0.824 14.100 0.04815 0.00551Zambia 1996 80.0 81.1 84.6 85.5 89.0 83.9 0.899 9.000 0.02232 0.00372Zambia 2001 70.0 74.7 70.9 78.7 81.1 74.8 0.863 11.100 0.02569 0.00504Zimbabwe 1994 79.2 79.7 81.5 89.3 80.1 82.0 0.989 0.900 0.00743 0.00622Zimbabwe 1999 82.3 78.7 78.3 78.4 79.0 79.3 1.042 3.300 -0.00919 0.00549

G. ALL COUNTRIES 53.6 59.6 64.1 68.9 73.0 63.3 0.734 19.409 0.08825 0.00707




TETANUS TOXOID (Cont.)

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C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 na na na na na na na na na naBrazil 1996 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 1.5 1.3 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.8 - 1.500 -0.44616 0.10774Colombia 2005 2.0 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.8 - 1.977 -0.61416 0.08297Dominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 2002 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 2001 na na na na na na na na na naParaguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 2000 na na na na na na na na na na




PROPHYLACTIC ANTIMALARIAL TREATMENT


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 34.4 39.8 44.1 48.1 53.4 43.5 0.644 19.029 0.09013 0.01207Benin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 71.2 77.3 86.2 87.0 92.6 82.2 0.769 21.400 0.05466 0.00449Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 48.4 53.2 62.9 69.1 87.4 63.3 0.554 39.003 0.11240 0.00463Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 32.4 47.9 64.1 73.9 82.3 58.4 0.393 49.913 0.17113 0.00621Central African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naChad 2004 11.1 25.3 34.9 40.7 56.4 33.6 0.196 45.363 0.25775 0.01021Comoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 3.5 3.0 3.9 7.1 7.1 4.8 0.493 3.600 0.12888 0.03082Gabon 2000 63.3 78.9 83.9 84.3 86.4 79.5 0.733 23.100 0.05889 0.00582Ghana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 43.9 56.5 56.4 67.0 67.6 57.1 0.649 23.739 0.10220 0.00970Guinea 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 2003 20.2 18.7 21.0 17.9 19.5 19.5 1.035 0.683 0.01109 0.01785Madagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 60.7 63.6 65.7 72.0 82.6 68.3 0.735 21.900 0.06147 0.00416Mali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na na naMali 2001 48.5 51.1 52.7 65.7 86.6 60.2 0.560 38.100 0.11742 0.00507Mauritania 2000/01 23.7 30.6 33.6 33.5 27.8 29.8 0.853 4.100 0.03581 0.01484Mozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNiger 1998 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 22.1 24.6 29.6 41.9 60.9 34.6 0.363 38.797 0.19363 0.01224Rwanda 2000 6.6 4.4 7.2 9.6 11.8 7.9 0.559 5.200 0.20403 0.02920Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1999 26.8 31.1 27.5 33.9 43.4 32.4 0.618 16.600 0.07914 0.01693Tanzania 2004 44.7 44.9 46.2 53.9 56.5 49.0 0.790 11.860 0.02725 0.00759Togo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 26.7 30.2 34.8 38.8 40.3 33.8 0.663 13.600 0.07785 0.01190Zambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 32.0 36.9 36.3 35.4 31.0 34.4 1.032 1.000 0.01796 0.01233Zimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 25.6 29.0 30.0 19.3 11.1 22.6 2.306 14.500 -0.10013 0.01810




PROPHYLACTIC ANTIMALARIAL TREATMENT (Cont.)


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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC 46.8 56.0 59.8 63.6 72.9 58.6 0.642 26.127 0.12757 0.00730Cambodia 2000 11.9 15.5 18.3 23.2 44.4 20.7 0.268 32.500 0.24881 0.01502Indonesia 1997 na na na na na na na na na naIndonesia 2002/03 63.7 77.3 80.6 85.4 87.4 78.4 0.729 23.686 0.06818 0.00245Philippines 1998 59.4 72.8 81.2 84.0 89.9 75.6 0.661 30.500 0.09512 0.00437Philippines 2003 64.7 75.3 80.6 82.2 86.9 76.8 0.745 22.196 0.06572 0.00444Vietnam 1997 na na na na na na na na na naVietnam 2002 na na na na na na na na na na

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na na naArmenia 2000 11.6 19.9 22.2 21.8 21.4 19.2 0.542 9.800 0.13148 0.03408Kazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1999 45.3 43.1 45.9 50.6 57.2 48.1 0.792 11.900 0.06244 0.01866Kyrgyzstan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1993 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 15.5 14.3 13.7 16.9 20.2 16.0 0.767 4.700 na naUzbekistan 1996 na na na na na na na na na na

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 55.4 65.6 73.7 77.7 85.5 70.7 0.647 30.151 0.08918 0.00489Bolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 47.7 57.7 63.0 67.5 78.7 61.6 0.605 31.050 0.07549 0.00509Brazil 1996 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 58.3 69.3 74.3 79.5 82.9 72.0 0.703 24.600 0.06553 0.00608Colombia 2005 61.6 73.2 81.6 81.7 85.4 75.9 0.722 23.721 0.06992 0.00317Dominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 2002 82.8 88.2 90.5 92.9 91.2 89.1 0.908 8.437 0.02886 0.00245Guatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 35.2 49.6 63.1 76.2 92.4 61.7 0.381 57.200 0.17966 0.00706Haiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 42.2 46.8 61.6 63.1 74.0 57.1 0.570 31.800 0.11081 0.00739Nicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 2001 62.7 78.4 82.6 84.7 91.4 78.9 0.686 28.700 0.07033 0.00417Paraguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 2000 na na na na na na na na na na

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA 13.8 19.9 26.8 35.5 51.7 29.0 0.267 37.870 0.26241 0.01090Egypt 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEgypt 2000 13.4 16.1 22.8 29.5 50.3 26.5 0.266 36.900 0.27619 0.01041Jordan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMorocco 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMorocco 2003/04 17.3 28.7 37.9 49.7 64.6 38.3 0.267 47.311 0.22238 0.00970Yemen 1997 10.8 14.8 19.8 27.3 40.2 22.1 0.269 29.400 0.28866 0.01258

E. SOUTH ASIA 26.2 35.1 43.4 52.9 70.6 43.6 0.371 44.441 0.22802 0.00839Bangladesh 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1999/2000 21.2 30.0 33.8 43.7 62.8 36.4 0.338 41.600 0.23414 0.00981Bangladesh 2004 31.6 44.6 48.1 57.3 76.1 50.0 0.415 44.522 0.17923 0.00701India 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1998/99 36.8 46.9 60.7 73.1 84.9 58.0 0.433 48.100 0.18462 0.00250Nepal 1996 4.2 8.1 7.5 10.8 29.7 10.6 0.141 25.500 0.37993 0.02997Nepal 2001 10.2 13.7 21.3 28.3 50.9 22.7 0.200 40.700 0.32021 0.01564Pakistan 1990/91 na na na na na na na na na na


IRON SUPPLEMENTATION


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 45.8 51.0 55.9 60.1 68.4 55.7 0.669 22.637 0.09442 0.00847Benin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 71.8 80.0 85.9 91.2 95.0 84.1 0.756 23.200 0.05688 0.00410Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 55.5 60.4 70.5 74.5 88.4 69.3 0.627 32.970 0.09532 0.00420Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 50.2 61.5 80.9 88.0 93.5 73.4 0.537 43.316 0.11930 0.00450Central African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naChad 2004 7.6 16.2 27.5 36.4 57.7 28.7 0.131 50.178 0.37049 0.01198Comoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na 0.18172 0.01984Ethiopia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGabon 2000 54.5 66.3 73.5 69.7 74.9 67.9 0.728 20.400 0.05990 0.00708Ghana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 69.5 75.3 81.3 83.0 89.1 78.4 0.780 19.600 0.05839 0.00600Ghana 2003 68.1 79.4 82.3 83.9 85.7 79.1 0.795 17.582 0.05865 0.00580Guinea 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 2003 46.3 47.0 46.9 42.0 45.8 45.7 1.011 0.484 0.01752 0.01000Madagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 64.2 65.8 65.0 71.7 71.3 67.3 0.900 7.100 0.02586 0.00448Mali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na na naMali 2001 25.5 25.5 27.1 40.2 57.2 34.5 0.446 31.700 0.14197 0.01244Mauritania 2000/01 40.8 57.0 65.7 66.3 72.5 60.3 0.563 31.700 0.08852 0.01028Mozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 40.4 52.0 56.6 73.3 88.8 60.2 0.455 48.416 0.15244 0.00503Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNiger 1998 5.9 7.5 8.2 11.0 25.8 11.1 0.229 19.900 na naNigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 36.4 37.0 57.8 75.0 92.9 57.9 0.392 56.529 0.18647 0.00695Rwanda 2000 17.7 18.7 20.2 20.8 25.5 20.6 0.694 7.800 0.09218 0.01586Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1999 37.9 41.2 42.4 48.4 53.0 44.4 0.715 15.100 0.06410 0.01265Tanzania 2004 59.3 64.3 58.5 59.5 64.1 61.1 0.926 4.758 -0.00053 0.00620Togo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 48.5 44.6 49.5 51.6 65.1 51.4 0.745 16.600 0.06194 0.00903Zambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 71.8 73.4 72.2 66.2 68.9 70.6 1.042 2.900 -0.01087 0.00569Zimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 60.0 61.3 58.0 59.8 58.7 59.6 1.022 1.300 0.00184 0.00897

G. ALL COUNTRIES 41.4 47.8 53.4 58.1 67.5 52.9 0.613 26.114 0.12236 0.00898




IRON SUPPLEMENTATION (Cont.)

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DELIVERY ATTENDED BY A MEDICALLY-TRAINED PERSON


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 25.6 34.2 42.9 59.3 82.5 46.6 0.311 56.902 0.32499 0.00945Benin 1996 34.4 53.1 66.1 87.6 97.5 63.9 0.353 63.100 0.20346 0.00665Benin 2001 49.6 60.5 76.9 90.2 99.3 72.9 0.499 49.700 0.14361 0.00436Burkina Faso 1992/93 26.0 26.8 29.9 46.5 86.1 41.4 0.302 60.072 0.32740 0.00753Burkina Faso 1998/99 17.9 20.8 21.9 32.4 75.0 30.9 0.239 57.100 0.35381 0.01106Burkina Faso 2003 18.7 24.3 31.8 45.3 84.5 37.8 0.222 65.724 0.29563 0.00664Cameroon 1991 32.0 48.4 57.8 81.2 94.7 63.5 0.338 62.700 0.20890 0.00637Cameroon 1998 27.9 43.4 63.5 84.3 89.2 58.2 0.313 61.300 0.23392 0.00884Cameroon 2004 29.4 44.7 72.6 86.6 94.5 61.9 0.311 65.154 0.22521 0.00441Central African Republic 1994/95 14.3 25.2 40.7 69.9 81.7 45.9 0.175 67.400 0.33053 0.00943Chad 1996/97 2.6 5.6 6.7 15.5 47.4 15.0 0.055 44.800 0.66574 0.01796Chad 2004 1.4 7.2 7.9 14.8 51.4 16.1 0.027 50.056 0.73107 0.01689Comoros 1996 26.2 40.1 54.6 67.1 84.8 51.6 0.309 58.600 0.23542 0.01418Côte d'Ivoire 1994 16.8 29.6 45.8 65.2 83.5 45.4 0.201 66.700 0.30454 0.00818Eritrea 1995 5.0 6.9 7.2 31.7 74.3 20.6 0.067 69.300 0.63049 0.02343Ethiopia 2000 0.9 1.5 2.0 3.3 25.3 5.6 0.036 24.400 1.24456 0.03943Gabon 2000 67.2 85.7 91.5 93.9 97.1 86.7 0.692 29.900 0.07707 0.00381Ghana 1993 25.3 24.1 31.6 62.3 85.3 43.7 0.297 60.000 0.28067 0.01284Ghana 1998 17.9 31.0 48.1 65.0 86.1 44.3 0.208 68.200 0.29790 0.00895Ghana 2003 20.6 31.9 43.3 73.0 90.4 47.1 0.228 69.780 0.29956 0.00768Guinea 1999 12.1 16.0 26.9 54.5 81.5 34.8 0.148 69.400 0.40156 0.00905Kenya 1993 23.1 33.1 45.7 56.7 76.5 45.1 0.302 53.402 0.22699 0.00762Kenya 1998 23.2 33.3 41.9 56.1 79.6 44.4 0.291 56.400 0.24185 0.01037Kenya 2003 17.0 32.8 38.1 55.0 75.4 41.6 0.226 58.384 0.29895 0.00720Madagascar 1997 29.6 37.0 40.5 65.0 88.5 47.3 0.334 58.900 0.23823 0.00868Malawi 1992 44.6 46.2 50.4 58.8 77.9 54.9 0.573 33.300 0.14389 0.00709Malawi 2000 43.0 49.4 50.9 58.5 83.0 55.6 0.518 40.000 0.13377 0.00442Mali 1995/96 11.1 22.8 34.1 51.5 80.6 38.7 0.138 69.500 0.34284 0.00802Mali 2001 22.0 27.0 29.4 45.8 88.7 40.6 0.248 66.700 0.27690 0.00590Mauritania 2000/01 14.7 36.3 56.8 73.0 92.8 53.3 0.158 78.100 0.29594 0.00582Mozambique 1997 18.1 35.2 31.4 64.0 82.1 44.2 0.220 64.000 0.29598 0.00859Mozambique 2003 24.7 33.4 42.5 68.4 88.7 47.7 0.279 63.926 0.27062 0.00501Namibia 1992 50.9 58.8 65.0 74.4 91.2 68.2 0.558 40.300 0.11728 0.00580Namibia 2000 55.4 64.4 77.4 86.2 97.1 75.5 0.571 41.700 0.11912 0.00504Niger 1998 4.2 7.1 7.6 15.5 62.8 17.6 0.067 58.600 0.65349 0.01962Nigeria 1990 12.2 19.7 27.3 43.4 70.0 33.0 0.174 57.800 0.36522 0.00814Nigeria 2003 12.9 19.0 27.6 51.1 84.5 36.2 0.153 71.556 0.34666 0.00913Rwanda 2000 17.3 16.0 17.8 22.8 59.6 26.7 0.290 42.300 0.35511 0.01105Senegal 1997 20.3 25.4 45.3 69.3 86.2 46.5 0.235 65.900 0.27628 0.00663South Africa 1998 67.8 81.2 88.5 94.9 98.1 84.4 0.691 30.300 0.08473 0.00358Tanzania 1996 26.7 40.4 41.2 51.8 80.9 46.7 0.330 54.200 0.20061 0.00686Tanzania 1999 28.9 35.0 33.3 48.4 82.8 43.8 0.349 53.900 0.21340 0.00970Tanzania 2004 31.0 35.7 37.6 53.4 86.8 46.3 0.357 55.784 0.18845 0.00672Togo 1998 25.1 34.7 52.5 71.7 91.2 50.5 0.275 66.100 0.26757 0.00726Uganda 1995 22.6 28.3 32.6 39.3 70.4 37.8 0.321 47.800 0.27554 0.00915Uganda 2000/01 19.7 27.6 31.9 46.4 77.3 38.2 0.255 57.600 0.29717 0.00802Zambia 1996 19.3 24.6 36.7 67.7 90.5 46.5 0.213 71.200 0.31358 0.00596Zambia 2001 19.7 22.6 34.2 68.7 91.1 43.4 0.216 71.400 0.31226 0.00705Zimbabwe 1994 55.1 59.5 65.3 77.9 92.8 69.4 0.594 37.700 0.11069 0.00713Zimbabwe 1999 56.7 67.3 64.8 79.7 93.5 72.4 0.606 36.800 0.09013 0.00539

G. ALL COUNTRIES 35.8 45.5 54.3 67.3 85.0 55.3 0.422 49.177 0.27468 0.00801



DELIVERY ATTENDED BY A MEDICALLY-TRAINED PERSON (Cont.)


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C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 25.7 39.7 51.1 61.7 72.6 46.5 0.354 46.879 0.23906 0.00954Bolivia 1998 14.6 39.3 64.3 85.8 97.5 52.9 0.150 82.900 0.33069 0.00424Bolivia 2003 18.9 42.8 66.4 85.3 97.0 55.9 0.195 78.115 0.26540 0.00392Brazil 1996 52.5 77.5 89.2 94.3 97.6 77.6 0.538 45.100 0.14618 0.00436Colombia 1995 41.1 71.7 84.7 94.3 96.5 73.8 0.426 55.400 0.16296 0.00453Colombia 2000 57.9 81.6 91.2 96.2 97.8 82.7 0.592 39.900 0.10085 0.00406Colombia 2005 66.2 90.3 94.8 97.4 98.4 87.5 0.673 32.182 0.09056 0.00227Dominican Republic 1996 75.0 90.4 92.2 94.0 94.9 88.2 0.790 19.900 0.04716 0.00341Dominican Republic 2002 46.6 41.2 33.3 29.7 25.4 36.3 1.833 21.185 -0.10388 0.00772Guatemala 1995 7.0 12.6 28.0 57.0 88.8 31.4 0.079 81.800 0.37971 0.00850Guatemala 1998/99 6.5 14.4 34.8 65.8 90.8 36.8 0.072 84.300 0.36065 0.01033Haiti 1994/95 1.4 2.9 8.5 22.3 54.1 14.2 0.026 52.700 0.62517 0.02773Haiti 2000 1.8 4.5 4.9 19.2 51.2 14.1 0.035 49.400 0.52053 0.02024Nicaragua 1997/98 20.8 36.5 46.7 47.3 42.3 36.7 0.492 21.500 0.17331 0.00842Nicaragua 2001 27.1 58.3 79.1 88.2 95.2 64.2 0.285 68.100 0.23627 0.00438Paraguay 1990 5.2 7.5 10.3 14.4 18.9 10.5 0.275 13.700 0.27157 0.02681Peru 1996 5.2 24.4 41.2 54.5 67.0 32.2 0.078 61.800 0.35703 0.00546Peru 2000 6.8 21.1 47.2 60.7 79.0 35.7 0.086 72.200 0.36422 0.00578




DELIVERY ATTENDED BY A DOCTOR


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 2.5 3.8 5.2 8.1 17.3 6.7 0.147 14.752 0.45516 0.05209Benin 1996 2.2 3.1 2.7 5.5 20.6 5.7 0.107 18.400 0.41306 0.05253Benin 2001 1.6 1.7 2.0 4.9 16.6 4.5 0.096 15.000 0.50928 0.04892Burkina Faso 1992/93 0.6 0.4 0.7 1.0 4.6 1.3 0.127 4.041 0.62907 0.08164Burkina Faso 1998/99 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.4 2.9 0.8 0.069 2.700 0.75585 0.12592Burkina Faso 2003 0.3 0.9 0.6 1.1 5.2 1.4 0.065 4.828 0.40803 0.06046Cameroon 1991 2.2 3.8 3.5 7.4 14.7 6.4 0.150 12.500 0.48688 0.04596Cameroon 1998 3.2 4.9 8.5 13.7 16.9 8.8 0.189 13.700 0.36816 0.03957Cameroon 2004 1.8 2.8 6.9 11.9 21.4 7.9 0.082 19.604 0.45664 0.02552Central African Republic 1994/95 0.2 2.3 2.3 3.5 2.8 2.2 0.071 2.600 0.25341 0.06938Chad 1996/97 0.4 0.1 0.6 1.1 2.8 1.0 0.143 2.400 0.64203 0.09160Chad 2004 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.6 2.7 0.7 0.052 2.524 0.98222 0.12396Comoros 1996 0.7 2.3 2.8 1.8 10.5 3.1 0.067 9.800 0.45552 0.12429Côte d'Ivoire 1994 0.3 0.3 1.1 2.5 8.4 2.1 0.036 8.100 0.59863 0.08261Eritrea 1995 1.5 1.5 1.8 11.2 33.6 7.9 0.045 32.100 0.74630 0.05027Ethiopia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGabon 2000 8.2 14.1 20.1 21.4 31.9 18.5 0.257 23.700 0.21620 0.01952Ghana 1993 2.7 0.6 3.2 8.6 21.0 6.6 0.129 18.300 0.52908 0.05857Ghana 1998 2.7 4.0 5.6 11.0 24.7 8.0 0.109 22.000 0.40284 0.03945Ghana 2003 1.6 3.0 3.4 10.5 20.2 6.6 0.080 18.610 0.48470 0.04399Guinea 1999 1.5 2.0 5.3 6.1 16.4 5.6 0.091 14.900 0.47964 0.03788Kenya 1993 5.7 9.4 11.8 13.6 23.6 12.2 0.243 17.874 0.28908 0.02177Kenya 1998 5.1 8.0 11.6 13.5 28.0 12.3 0.182 22.900 0.34033 0.02859Kenya 2003 4.0 7.8 7.4 13.4 27.5 11.4 0.147 23.453 0.42280 0.02343Madagascar 1997 6.8 8.0 12.6 21.0 19.7 12.4 0.345 12.900 0.24876 0.02522Malawi 1992 2.3 2.9 4.0 5.1 8.3 4.4 0.277 6.000 0.38097 0.04699Malawi 2000 3.9 5.2 3.9 5.7 8.9 5.4 0.438 5.000 0.19494 0.02579Mali 1995/96 0.1 0.3 0.3 1.2 2.0 0.7 0.050 1.900 0.49216 0.11116Mali 2001 0.4 0.6 1.1 1.2 4.8 1.5 0.083 4.400 0.44710 0.05380Mauritania 2000/01 3.2 7.4 8.8 11.6 19.3 9.8 0.166 16.100 0.32755 0.02853Mozambique 1997 0.2 1.2 0.4 2.6 7.1 2.1 0.028 6.900 0.74664 0.08873Mozambique 2003 0.2 0.5 1.1 3.2 13.2 3.0 0.013 13.066 0.66805 0.04265Namibia 1992 3.5 4.0 7.4 13.7 41.2 14.1 0.085 37.700 0.48765 0.02657Namibia 2000 3.3 8.3 6.7 9.1 29.5 10.7 0.112 26.200 0.42172 0.03044Niger 1998 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.8 0.3 0.125 0.700 0.54470 0.20466Nigeria 1990 3.3 7.1 9.7 10.6 23.7 10.3 0.139 20.400 0.43374 0.02038Nigeria 2003 1.8 1.5 3.8 6.6 23.1 6.6 0.077 21.337 0.54229 0.03775Rwanda 2000 3.8 4.0 3.8 6.7 21.0 8.0 0.181 17.200 0.57138 0.02896Senegal 1997 1.0 1.3 2.3 3.8 10.4 3.4 0.096 9.400 0.36710 0.04287South Africa 1998 14.0 17.1 28.9 38.4 68.6 30.0 0.204 54.600 0.32926 0.01189Tanzania 1996 3.0 5.2 5.3 5.3 11.1 5.7 0.270 8.100 0.21346 0.03075Tanzania 1999 3.2 7.4 3.8 7.1 17.8 7.4 0.180 14.600 0.22701 0.03242Tanzania 2004 1.4 2.3 2.9 3.9 11.3 3.9 0.120 9.949 0.26290 0.03351Togo 1998 0.5 1.1 2.9 4.8 11.0 3.4 0.045 10.500 0.49656 0.05788Uganda 1995 1.0 1.8 2.2 4.4 11.6 4.0 0.086 10.600 0.59190 0.04668Uganda 2000/01 1.6 1.9 2.1 3.3 12.4 3.8 0.129 10.800 0.56445 0.04635Zambia 1996 0.3 1.3 0.9 5.4 10.9 3.6 0.028 10.600 0.53627 0.04531Zambia 2001 0.6 1.2 1.8 4.4 10.8 3.2 0.056 10.200 0.49119 0.04749Zimbabwe 1994 7.6 7.4 6.9 15.2 26.3 12.4 0.289 18.700 0.30794 0.03658Zimbabwe 1999 6.8 7.0 8.4 13.4 22.3 11.6 0.305 15.500 0.25316 0.03061

G. ALL COUNTRIES 14.6 19.3 23.9 29.8 41.1 24.3 0.355 26.540 0.37417 0.03427



DELIVERY ATTENDED BY A DOCTOR (Cont.)


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B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA 27.5 28.1 24.0 16.3 9.7 22.2 2.820 17.717 -0.19714 0.03586Armenia 2000 23.5 17.6 14.0 6.0 4.5 13.8 5.222 19.000 -0.27328 0.03493Kazakhstan 1995 30.5 24.9 26.8 10.2 4.5 21.2 6.778 26.000 -0.22515 0.03399Kazakhstan 1999 31.6 29.2 21.0 12.0 8.9 22.2 3.551 22.700 -0.18917 0.02721Kyrgyzstan 1997 46.3 47.1 42.4 24.7 16.1 37.3 2.876 30.200 -0.15445 0.01919Turkey 1993 31.9 49.3 52.2 48.3 26.6 42.2 1.199 5.300 0.00209 0.01240Turkey 1998 37.1 50.6 49.3 38.5 21.9 40.5 1.694 15.200 -0.01667 0.01305Turkmenistan 2000 18.6 19.3 15.7 15.2 6.2 15.4 3.000 12.400 na naUzbekistan 1996 7.6 4.9 1.5 1.1 0.8 3.7 9.500 6.800 -0.35213 0.08490

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 19.6 19.2 20.0 22.2 21.0 20.6 0.934 1.390 -0.01969 0.02140Bolivia 1998 5.2 5.5 3.3 2.1 0.4 3.8 13.000 4.800 -0.17336 0.03385Bolivia 2003 7.7 6.9 3.5 2.3 1.4 4.9 5.352 6.297 -0.22983 0.02582Brazil 1996 19.1 11.2 6.5 3.4 1.0 10.0 19.100 18.100 -0.39303 0.02485Colombia 1995 19.4 13.5 8.1 4.6 1.6 10.8 12.125 17.800 -0.30415 0.02350Colombia 2000 6.3 4.0 3.5 2.4 0.8 3.7 7.875 5.500 -0.24248 0.04350Colombia 2005 5.8 3.7 2.5 1.5 0.9 3.2 6.155 4.831 -0.33833 0.02929Dominican Republic 1996 14.0 6.7 5.3 4.4 2.9 7.2 4.828 11.100 -0.32701 0.05125Dominican Republic 2002 47.2 57.0 65.6 69.8 74.1 61.5 0.637 26.936 0.09157 0.00458Guatemala 1995 2.3 3.5 3.1 5.9 2.7 3.4 0.852 0.400 0.23982 0.03331Guatemala 1998/99 2.2 3.4 4.0 7.7 1.0 3.7 2.200 1.200 0.36436 0.05160Haiti 1994/95 22.5 34.4 38.9 38.4 24.1 32.1 0.934 1.600 0.05218 0.01424Haiti 2000 2.3 4.9 8.5 18.7 18.8 10.1 0.122 16.500 0.36833 0.02239Nicaragua 1997/98 12.1 22.3 33.1 38.7 49.9 27.9 0.242 37.800 0.25710 0.00995Nicaragua 2001 50.3 30.2 15.9 9.0 4.1 25.6 12.268 46.200 -0.39632 0.01204Paraguay 1990 35.9 42.4 58.8 73.5 79.1 55.4 0.454 43.200 0.18126 0.00742Peru 1996 8.5 23.6 34.0 35.7 29.6 24.2 0.287 21.100 0.26895 0.00742Peru 2000 6.1 13.3 15.0 14.2 8.6 11.2 0.709 2.500 0.17479 0.01463




DELIVERY ATTENDED BY A NURSE OR TRAINED MIDWIFE


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 23.2 30.5 37.9 51.6 65.8 40.1 0.352 42.652 0.29862 0.01148Benin 1996 32.2 49.9 63.5 82.2 76.9 58.3 0.419 44.700 0.18323 0.00838Benin 2001 48.0 58.7 74.9 85.4 82.7 68.4 0.580 34.700 0.11957 0.00555Burkina Faso 1992/93 25.4 26.4 29.3 45.5 81.5 40.1 0.312 56.031 0.31759 0.00800Burkina Faso 1998/99 17.7 20.2 21.6 31.9 72.1 30.2 0.245 54.400 0.34373 0.01139Burkina Faso 2003 18.4 23.4 31.2 44.2 79.3 36.5 0.232 60.896 0.29161 0.00691Cameroon 1991 29.8 44.5 54.3 73.8 80.0 57.1 0.373 50.200 0.17785 0.00829Cameroon 1998 24.7 38.5 54.9 70.6 72.3 49.5 0.342 47.600 0.21025 0.01097Cameroon 2004 27.6 41.9 65.8 74.7 73.2 54.0 0.377 45.549 0.19146 0.00596Central African Republic 1994/95 14.0 22.9 38.4 66.4 78.9 43.7 0.177 64.900 0.33430 0.01028Chad 1996/1997 2.1 5.4 6.0 14.4 44.6 14.0 0.047 42.500 0.66724 0.01886Chad 2004 1.2 7.0 7.7 14.2 48.8 15.4 0.026 47.532 0.71880 0.01765Comoros 1996 25.5 37.7 51.8 65.4 74.3 48.5 0.343 48.800 0.22103 0.01590Côte d'Ivoire 1994 16.5 29.3 44.6 62.7 75.0 43.3 0.220 58.500 0.29039 0.00898Eritrea 1995 3.5 5.4 5.4 20.5 40.8 12.7 0.086 37.300 0.55915 0.03586Ethiopia 2000 0.9 1.5 2.0 3.3 25.3 5.6 0.036 24.400 1.24455 0.03947Gabon 2000 59.1 71.6 71.4 72.5 65.2 68.2 0.906 6.100 0.04006 0.00674Ghana 1993 22.6 23.5 28.4 53.6 64.3 37.2 0.351 41.700 0.23679 0.01562Ghana 1998 15.2 27.0 42.6 53.9 61.4 36.3 0.248 46.200 0.27481 0.01175Ghana 2003 19.0 28.9 39.9 62.6 70.2 40.5 0.271 51.170 0.26962 0.01019Guinea 1999 10.6 14.0 21.6 48.4 65.1 29.2 0.163 54.500 0.38679 0.01151Kenya 1993 17.3 23.7 33.9 43.1 52.8 32.9 0.328 35.528 0.20402 0.01076Kenya 1998 18.1 25.3 30.3 42.7 51.6 32.0 0.351 33.500 0.20418 0.01415Kenya 2003 13.0 25.0 30.8 41.5 47.9 30.2 0.271 34.932 0.25213 0.01059Madagascar 1997 22.7 28.9 27.9 44.0 68.7 34.9 0.330 46.000 0.23462 0.01229Malawi 1992 42.2 43.2 46.4 53.7 69.5 50.5 0.607 27.300 0.12316 0.00811Malawi 2000 39.0 44.1 46.9 52.8 74.0 50.2 0.527 35.000 0.12718 0.00513Mali 1995/96 11.0 22.6 33.9 50.3 78.6 38.0 0.140 67.600 0.34007 0.00818Mali 2001 21.5 26.4 28.3 44.6 83.9 39.1 0.256 62.400 0.27040 0.00620Mauritania 2000/01 11.6 28.8 47.9 61.4 73.4 43.5 0.158 61.800 0.28882 0.00845Mozambique 1997 17.9 34.0 31.0 61.4 74.9 42.1 0.239 57.000 0.27329 0.00966Mozambique 2003 24.6 33.0 41.5 65.3 75.4 44.7 0.326 50.860 0.24444 0.00579Namibia 1992 47.5 54.8 57.5 60.7 50.0 54.2 0.950 2.500 0.02046 0.00918Namibia 2000 52.1 56.1 70.6 77.1 67.6 64.8 0.771 15.500 0.06921 0.00721Niger 1998 4.1 7.0 7.2 15.4 61.9 17.3 0.066 57.800 0.65576 0.01981Nigeria 1990 8.9 12.6 17.6 32.7 46.3 22.7 0.192 37.400 0.33377 0.01181Nigeria 2003 11.2 17.5 23.8 44.5 61.4 29.7 0.182 50.219 0.30332 0.01185Rwanda 2000 13.6 11.9 14.0 16.1 38.6 18.8 0.352 25.000 0.26643 0.01447Senegal 1997 19.3 24.1 43.0 65.5 75.8 43.2 0.255 56.500 0.26922 0.00746South Africa 1998 53.7 64.1 59.6 56.5 29.5 54.4 1.820 24.200 -0.04724 0.00799Tanzania 1996 23.7 35.2 35.9 46.6 69.8 40.9 0.340 46.100 0.19875 0.00803Tanzania 1999 25.7 27.6 29.5 41.3 65.1 36.4 0.395 39.400 0.21079 0.01213Tanzania 2004 29.6 33.4 34.7 49.5 75.5 42.4 0.393 45.835 0.18159 0.00740Togo 1998 24.6 33.6 49.6 66.9 80.1 47.1 0.307 55.500 0.25143 0.00831Uganda 1995 21.6 26.5 30.4 35.0 58.8 33.8 0.367 37.200 0.23828 0.01063Uganda 2000/01 18.1 25.7 29.8 43.1 65.0 34.4 0.278 46.900 0.26804 0.00911Zambia 1996 19.0 23.3 35.8 62.3 79.6 42.9 0.239 60.600 0.29481 0.00701Zambia 2001 19.2 21.4 32.3 64.4 80.3 40.2 0.239 61.100 0.29804 0.00794Zimbabwe 1994 47.5 52.1 58.4 62.7 66.5 57.0 0.714 19.000 0.06769 0.01057Zimbabwe 1999 49.9 60.4 56.4 66.3 71.3 60.9 0.700 21.400 0.05934 0.00781

G. ALL COUNTRIES 21.5 26.6 30.8 38.0 44.6 31.4 0.482 23.124 0.18138 0.01662



DELIVERY ATTENDED BY A NURSE OR TRAINED MIDWIFE (Cont.)


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C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 36.5 49.8 60.0 66.9 60.9 53.0 0.599 24.430 0.19700 0.00803Bolivia 1998 14.2 34.9 48.6 63.3 50.5 39.1 0.281 36.300 0.28272 0.00800Bolivia 2003 21.1 42.7 59.7 73.5 65.8 49.2 0.321 44.685 0.20812 0.00572Brazil 1996 75.9 88.3 86.6 72.2 61.3 77.9 1.238 14.600 -0.01651 0.00555Colombia 1995 42.7 71.8 76.8 75.3 60.6 64.5 0.705 17.900 0.09090 0.00665Colombia 2000 41.9 52.5 58.1 55.4 48.1 51.0 0.871 6.200 0.04364 0.00844Colombia 2005 72.0 91.1 93.5 93.0 91.6 88.0 0.786 19.558 0.05484 0.00250Dominican Republic 1996 84.5 82.6 76.4 58.3 37.4 70.8 2.259 47.100 -0.10700 0.00623Dominican Republic 2002 89.5 89.1 79.7 65.6 45.0 76.4 1.987 44.476 -0.09752 0.00344Guatemala 1995 8.9 14.9 28.5 54.2 58.6 28.4 0.152 49.700 0.31847 0.00948Guatemala 1998/99 7.4 16.3 36.6 66.4 60.2 33.7 0.123 52.800 0.33917 0.01174Haiti 1994/95 1.8 4.2 11.7 22.4 34.1 12.7 0.053 32.300 0.50823 0.02723Haiti 2000 2.5 5.6 7.8 20.1 34.0 12.7 0.074 31.500 0.50271 0.02119Nicaragua 1997/98 32.2 57.7 75.4 80.7 78.2 60.6 0.412 46.000 0.19468 0.00483Nicaragua 2001 28.7 60.3 76.3 82.0 70.7 59.8 0.406 42.000 0.19973 0.00586Paraguay 1990 20.6 26.8 43.6 62.4 56.2 39.7 0.367 35.600 0.24276 0.01071Peru 1996 8.5 36.5 60.9 72.5 70.9 43.4 0.120 62.400 0.32928 0.00414Peru 2000 10.4 28.4 55.9 66.9 63.2 39.3 0.165 52.800 0.33973 0.00555




DELIVERY IN A PUBLIC FACILITY


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 22.1 29.1 36.5 49.8 64.1 38.7 0.345 42.009 0.32037 0.01209Benin 1996 31.5 49.7 61.6 70.4 69.4 54.4 0.454 37.900 0.16133 0.00966Benin 2001 50.3 58.8 74.7 76.4 66.8 64.8 0.753 16.500 0.07856 0.00632Burkina Faso 1992/93 27.8 28.9 30.1 49.0 83.0 42.3 0.335 55.199 0.29049 0.00761Burkina Faso 1998/99 19.6 23.1 22.8 31.7 71.5 31.4 0.274 51.900 0.30624 0.01103Burkina Faso 2003 19.6 25.3 32.6 45.0 79.7 37.6 0.246 60.099 0.27893 0.00682Cameroon 1991 27.2 36.2 47.0 66.1 69.8 49.7 0.390 42.600 0.19185 0.00985Cameroon 1998 19.2 28.4 42.4 55.7 58.7 38.7 0.327 39.500 0.22865 0.01446Cameroon 2004 19.4 29.3 48.9 56.9 65.7 41.5 0.295 46.271 0.22325 0.00752Central African Republic 1994/95 18.4 27.3 45.5 66.9 77.0 46.6 0.239 58.600 0.28493 0.00984Chad 1996/97 1.5 3.5 3.8 9.5 33.6 10.0 0.045 32.100 0.73007 0.02509Chad 2004 0.5 3.7 4.5 9.7 39.8 11.3 0.014 39.304 0.85320 0.02404Comoros 1996 19.6 31.9 45.0 53.9 76.6 42.5 0.256 57.000 0.26539 0.01710Côte d'Ivoire 1994 15.7 28.2 44.9 64.0 80.1 43.9 0.196 64.400 0.30758 0.00852Eritrea 1995 3.2 3.4 5.0 24.9 70.4 17.1 0.045 67.200 0.72994 0.02801Ethiopia 2000 0.7 0.9 1.4 2.9 21.7 4.7 0.032 21.000 1.32909 0.04551Gabon 2000 59.9 76.3 72.0 73.8 62.3 69.3 0.961 2.400 0.03522 0.00660Ghana 1993 16.0 17.0 24.3 44.5 63.2 31.5 0.253 47.200 0.29906 0.01781Ghana 1998 15.0 22.2 33.8 50.5 60.4 32.7 0.248 45.400 0.28084 0.01319Ghana 2003 17.0 24.1 32.8 57.3 68.0 36.3 0.250 51.020 0.28611 0.01130Guinea 1999 10.0 15.3 23.3 43.3 61.1 28.1 0.164 51.100 0.37249 0.01167Kenya 1993 17.7 26.8 34.7 44.0 51.9 33.8 0.340 34.231 0.20208 0.01037Kenya 1998 15.9 24.9 33.3 40.2 48.2 30.9 0.330 32.300 0.20765 0.01462Kenya 2003 9.2 19.1 27.8 38.5 43.5 26.1 0.211 34.335 0.26438 0.01184Madagascar 1997 24.3 28.8 33.3 44.3 38.4 32.4 0.633 14.100 0.11770 0.01360Malawi 1992 34.6 35.3 35.6 43.5 59.7 41.2 0.580 25.100 0.13503 0.01035Malawi 2000 32.3 36.2 36.3 42.5 57.7 40.2 0.560 25.400 0.12168 0.00653Mali 1995/96 8.4 16.0 23.6 40.0 67.6 29.9 0.124 59.200 0.37614 0.01072Mali 2001 19.7 24.1 26.4 42.7 80.1 36.8 0.246 60.400 0.28208 0.00666Mauritania 2000/01 10.3 29.4 52.7 67.6 80.5 46.9 0.128 70.200 0.29947 0.00737Mozambique 1997 17.0 33.1 30.9 64.7 81.8 43.6 0.208 64.800 0.30236 0.00870Mozambique 2003 24.9 33.1 41.7 67.9 88.7 47.4 0.280 63.810 0.27275 0.00508Namibia 1992 49.1 57.1 63.7 70.4 83.0 64.8 0.592 33.900 0.10506 0.00668Namibia 2000 53.0 60.6 68.5 83.0 86.1 69.9 0.616 33.100 0.10576 0.00623Niger 1998 4.1 6.8 7.7 16.1 63.5 17.8 0.065 59.400 0.65591 0.01929Nigeria 1990 11.3 18.7 24.7 39.5 67.3 30.9 0.168 56.000 0.37355 0.00883Nigeria 2003 7.5 10.5 15.6 28.1 34.9 18.2 0.215 27.401 0.33202 0.01762Rwanda 2000 15.3 15.1 15.9 21.0 53.6 24.3 0.285 38.300 0.33605 0.01192Senegal 1997 23.2 29.7 46.1 65.3 67.7 44.6 0.343 44.500 0.21907 0.00753South Africa 1998 66.6 78.5 82.7 86.1 58.1 74.9 1.146 8.500 0.02837 0.00572Tanzania 1996 24.7 37.0 38.6 48.7 74.0 43.2 0.334 49.300 0.19942 0.00753Tanzania 1999 22.6 28.0 28.4 39.4 74.9 37.0 0.302 52.300 0.25145 0.01156Tanzania 2004 25.6 30.1 28.7 42.6 73.0 37.8 0.350 47.436 0.19864 0.00827Togo 1998 23.8 33.1 48.0 63.7 72.5 44.8 0.328 48.700 0.24671 0.00897Uganda 1995 15.0 14.7 17.4 20.9 39.7 21.1 0.378 24.700 0.28459 0.01609Uganda 2000/01 10.7 17.9 18.6 25.9 44.7 22.2 0.239 34.000 0.29468 0.01332Zambia 1996 13.5 16.4 28.3 63.8 63.3 36.4 0.213 49.800 0.32789 0.00857Zambia 2001 14.7 14.7 26.3 64.3 67.7 34.5 0.217 53.000 0.34739 0.00955Zimbabwe 1994 53.2 57.8 64.5 76.3 84.5 66.6 0.630 31.300 0.09845 0.00812Zimbabwe 1999 41.2 52.5 50.4 70.0 79.0 58.8 0.522 37.800 0.12349 0.00792

G. ALL COUNTRIES 29.4 37.3 44.2 53.1 60.5 43.5 0.486 31.108 0.27593 0.01186



DELIVERY IN A PUBLIC FACILITY (Cont.)


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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC 3.3 6.3 10.4 17.1 31.8 12.4 0.104 28.440 0.37438 0.04702Cambodia 2000 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.7 11.0 1.7 0.009 10.900 0.61966 0.06892Indonesia 1997 0.9 3.6 10.2 16.8 34.1 11.9 0.026 33.200 0.52939 0.01295Indonesia 2002/03 7.3 16.8 28.0 41.7 66.6 30.5 0.109 59.339 0.37070 0.00579Philippines 1998 1.6 4.1 11.8 25.5 52.5 14.8 0.030 50.900 0.50351 0.01724Philippines 2003 1.2 4.4 11.1 22.2 45.5 13.7 0.026 44.322 0.54586 0.01974Vietnam 1997 1.9 1.8 1.4 1.1 1.6 1.6 1.188 0.300 -0.08127 0.11472Vietnam 2002 4.7 3.7 2.1 4.0 3.9 3.8 1.205 0.800 -0.03871 0.09363

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na na naArmenia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKyrgyzstan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1993 1.0 1.8 1.8 3.7 14.4 3.9 0.069 13.400 0.50355 0.06216Turkey 1998 3.0 3.8 4.4 12.8 24.4 8.6 0.123 21.400 0.35310 0.03863Turkmenistan 2000 na na na na na na na na na naUzbekistan 1996 na na na na na na na na na na

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 1.6 3.7 7.7 13.8 29.1 9.3 0.055 27.482 0.46556 0.02802Bolivia 1998 1.5 6.0 14.9 22.1 46.5 14.1 0.032 45.000 0.42949 0.01706Bolivia 2003 0.4 2.4 5.8 12.0 32.1 7.9 0.013 31.669 0.52891 0.02315Brazil 1996 2.1 6.6 11.0 26.5 37.8 13.6 0.056 35.700 0.51205 0.02318Colombia 1995 2.4 4.2 10.8 20.9 36.7 12.3 0.065 34.300 0.46351 0.02347Colombia 2000 3.0 11.7 18.0 27.0 36.9 17.1 0.081 33.900 0.37637 0.01836Colombia 2005 1.0 2.9 4.1 6.1 7.6 4.0 0.127 6.621 0.33470 0.02827Dominican Republic 1996 4.4 14.7 21.4 39.0 59.9 24.5 0.073 55.500 0.42995 0.01441Dominican Republic 2002 4.5 9.8 19.2 33.5 54.1 21.5 0.083 49.645 0.42930 0.01042Guatemala 1995 0.4 0.8 2.1 8.4 31.1 6.0 0.013 30.700 0.57367 0.03297Guatemala 1998/99 0.3 1.0 2.6 8.4 31.4 6.7 0.010 31.100 0.49242 0.04244Haiti 1994/95 0.0 0.6 0.9 2.9 21.7 3.7 - 21.700 0.79784 0.07600Haiti 2000 0.4 0.7 3.3 4.3 15.5 4.1 0.026 15.100 0.60626 0.04679Nicaragua 1997/98 0.3 0.4 3.3 4.4 11.6 3.1 0.026 11.300 0.46937 0.04166Nicaragua 2001 0.3 1.0 5.2 8.1 25.5 6.5 0.012 25.200 0.49034 0.03083Paraguay 1990 4.9 6.1 13.1 15.2 36.3 13.6 0.135 31.400 0.38697 0.02541Peru 1996 0.4 3.4 5.4 10.9 21.0 6.2 0.019 20.600 0.41860 0.01863Peru 2000 0.5 2.8 4.7 9.8 21.4 5.9 0.023 20.900 0.40907 0.02170

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA 5.6 11.6 15.3 23.4 40.0 17.9 0.139 34.404 0.41732 0.02206Egypt 1995 5.2 6.0 10.1 16.6 42.3 14.6 0.123 37.100 0.43794 0.01434Egypt 2000 8.8 16.2 23.1 31.0 54.3 26.0 0.162 45.500 0.34216 0.00887Jordan 1997 12.1 27.6 34.5 49.8 65.5 35.3 0.185 53.400 0.32964 0.01156Morocco 1992 0.0 0.1 0.6 4.3 19.7 3.8 - 19.700 0.80506 0.05597Morocco 2003/04 0.1 0.8 1.9 9.3 34.2 7.8 0.004 34.017 0.65419 0.03168Yemen 1997 1.2 1.7 1.7 3.4 5.9 2.7 0.203 4.700 0.34327 0.03615



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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 2.9 4.0 5.1 6.8 14.5 6.1 0.201 11.584 0.43214 0.08825Benin 1996 2.6 3.7 5.3 17.0 26.9 9.5 0.097 24.300 0.43577 0.03751Benin 2001 4.9 6.8 6.1 14.3 31.4 11.2 0.156 26.500 0.36670 0.02674Burkina Faso 1992/93 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3 3.4 0.7 0.035 3.235 1.25126 0.14720Burkina Faso 1998/99 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 4.4 0.7 0.023 4.300 1.38700 0.16899Burkina Faso 2003 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.6 4.8 0.8 - 4.841 0.62857 0.08195Cameroon 1991 4.0 10.6 10.0 13.4 23.2 12.5 0.172 19.200 0.29490 0.02804Cameroon 1998 5.7 10.5 17.2 23.9 26.9 15.7 0.212 21.200 0.29795 0.02749Cameroon 2004 8.3 13.2 19.2 27.1 25.7 17.7 0.323 17.374 0.24675 0.01512Central African Republic 1994/95 2.2 3.8 3.4 2.5 4.2 3.2 0.524 2.000 0.09512 0.06117Chad 1996/97 0.7 0.7 0.5 1.8 2.1 1.1 0.333 1.400 0.24520 0.06339Chad 2004 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.6 1.4 0.5 0.103 1.278 0.89488 0.16069Comoros 1996 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 - 0.000 -0.27273 0.27388Côte d'Ivoire 1994 0.3 0.1 0.9 0.8 3.1 0.9 0.097 2.800 0.49811 0.12396Eritrea 1995 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.1 - 0.400 0.31932 0.37474Ethiopia 2000 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.3 1.0 0.3 - 1.000 0.84480 0.15372Gabon 2000 4.0 7.6 16.5 19.1 34.4 15.4 0.116 30.400 0.30777 0.02198Ghana 1993 7.4 5.1 6.5 15.7 20.7 10.6 0.357 13.300 0.28064 0.04010Ghana 1998 2.6 8.4 12.9 12.6 25.0 10.7 0.104 22.400 0.35732 0.02881Ghana 2003 2.4 6.0 7.9 15.5 21.4 9.4 0.112 19.041 0.39515 0.03038Guinea 1999 0.1 0.0 0.5 1.0 4.2 1.0 0.024 4.100 0.69453 0.10206Kenya 1993 4.8 5.1 9.6 11.3 22.5 10.0 0.215 17.659 0.31977 0.02563Kenya 1998 4.4 5.5 7.7 13.2 30.1 11.2 0.146 25.700 0.40277 0.03149Kenya 2003 6.8 12.3 8.7 14.7 30.3 14.0 0.224 23.515 0.38060 0.02089Madagascar 1997 0.8 0.6 1.3 2.2 5.5 1.7 0.145 4.700 0.58181 0.10051Malawi 1992 9.6 11.5 15.6 15.8 18.4 14.1 0.522 8.800 0.16434 0.02170Malawi 2000 10.4 12.8 14.5 15.5 25.0 15.2 0.416 14.600 0.16722 0.01294Mali 1995/96 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2 2.3 0.5 0.043 2.200 0.70973 0.15372Mali 2001 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.5 3.8 1.0 0.105 3.400 0.48009 0.07525Mauritania 2000/01 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.9 7.3 1.6 0.027 7.100 0.88166 0.10370Mozambique 1997 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 - 0.100 0.53799 0.36842Mozambique 2003 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.8 0.2 0.119 0.667 0.61268 0.17659Namibia 1992 1.0 0.3 0.4 1.0 8.0 2.1 0.125 7.000 0.56881 0.09558Namibia 2000 1.9 3.5 7.5 1.9 10.2 4.8 0.186 8.300 0.33036 0.04553Niger 1998 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.7 0.2 - 0.700 0.85166 0.28886Nigeria 1990 0.4 1.5 0.9 2.0 3.2 1.6 0.125 2.800 0.36193 0.05199Nigeria 2003 4.0 5.6 9.3 15.7 44.8 14.4 0.090 40.832 0.40569 0.02124Rwanda 2000 1.8 0.9 1.5 1.7 5.8 2.3 0.310 4.000 0.61355 0.06120Senegal 1997 0.2 0.4 1.4 4.0 13.8 3.4 0.014 13.600 0.52896 0.04751South Africa 1998 0.4 2.2 3.0 8.0 40.3 8.5 0.010 39.900 0.60567 0.03607Tanzania 1996 2.3 2.9 3.3 3.7 4.7 3.3 0.489 2.400 0.12302 0.03894Tanzania 1999 5.3 5.6 5.4 10.1 7.2 6.6 0.736 1.900 0.01092 0.03046Tanzania 2004 6.5 6.6 10.2 11.3 13.4 9.3 0.485 6.888 0.09231 0.01955Togo 1998 0.4 0.7 2.3 5.9 17.1 4.2 0.023 16.700 0.53396 0.05208Uganda 1995 6.4 11.4 12.3 15.8 27.6 14.3 0.232 21.200 0.29254 0.02000Uganda 2000/01 7.7 8.5 11.1 18.3 31.2 14.4 0.247 23.500 0.33140 0.01825Zambia 1996 6.0 8.1 8.4 3.5 27.5 10.2 0.218 21.500 0.25787 0.02483Zambia 2001 5.4 8.0 8.2 4.8 23.3 9.1 0.232 17.900 0.16125 0.02692Zimbabwe 1994 1.0 1.1 0.8 1.8 8.1 2.5 0.123 7.100 0.52692 0.10587Zimbabwe 1999 15.0 14.7 14.4 8.8 14.9 13.4 1.007 0.100 -0.04593 0.02575

G. ALL COUNTRIES 2.8 4.6 6.7 10.4 21.3 8.2 0.130 18.530 0.44973 0.06526




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B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA 17.8 9.9 5.7 3.3 1.1 8.4 16.462 16.750 -0.47318 0.08178Armenia 2000 18.5 15.8 1.9 1.2 0.2 8.5 92.500 18.300 -0.49250 0.04821Kazakhstan 1995 3.0 1.8 1.2 0.6 0.0 1.5 - 3.000 -0.46287 0.16425Kazakhstan 1999 3.2 1.1 1.0 0.2 0.7 1.4 4.571 2.500 -0.61467 0.17912Kyrgyzstan 1997 9.4 2.6 3.5 0.5 0.7 3.9 13.429 8.700 -0.35808 0.07984Turkey 1993 71.6 52.2 33.4 18.3 8.2 40.0 8.732 63.400 -0.31475 0.01018Turkey 1998 52.9 33.3 20.4 11.5 3.4 26.7 15.559 49.500 -0.38803 0.01602Turkmenistan 2000 5.2 4.1 5.0 5.3 0.7 4.2 7.429 4.500 na naUzbekistan 1996 17.8 2.6 2.1 0.9 0.8 5.9 22.250 17.000 -0.51261 0.08573

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 57.5 42.7 29.4 15.6 6.2 33.8 9.321 51.329 -0.50017 0.02043Bolivia 1998 83.7 58.0 35.3 14.0 2.6 46.0 32.192 81.100 -0.37075 0.00503Bolivia 2003 77.5 53.9 32.9 13.4 1.4 41.8 55.839 76.123 -0.34251 0.00533Brazil 1996 20.0 3.6 0.9 0.3 0.0 7.0 - 20.000 -0.72696 0.03878Colombia 1995 53.8 23.3 11.9 3.8 1.9 22.6 28.316 51.900 -0.49519 0.01432Colombia 2000 24.2 10.5 4.1 1.1 1.2 9.6 20.167 23.000 -0.52069 0.02794Colombia 2005 26.7 5.8 2.1 0.9 0.5 7.8 52.782 26.209 -0.78332 0.02433Dominican Republic 1996 10.3 1.8 1.5 0.6 1.4 3.6 7.357 8.900 -0.85142 0.06954Dominican Republic 2002 5.5 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.4 1.5 12.793 5.025 -1.15398 0.08353Guatemala 1995 90.1 83.1 68.4 36.5 8.9 64.7 10.124 81.200 -0.18770 0.00397Guatemala 1998/99 91.8 81.2 60.7 24.9 8.4 59.0 10.929 83.400 -0.23087 0.00579Haiti 1994/95 97.5 94.1 84.4 66.3 35.8 79.8 2.723 61.700 -0.13669 0.00478Haiti 2000 95.9 91.8 86.4 62.3 31.4 76.3 3.054 64.500 -0.14225 0.00388Nicaragua 1997/98 66.0 39.9 20.2 13.0 8.6 34.8 7.674 57.400 -0.37971 0.00763Nicaragua 2001 70.4 38.3 18.1 9.4 3.3 33.3 21.333 67.100 -0.45508 0.00853Paraguay 1990 73.5 65.4 42.5 21.6 7.1 45.7 10.352 66.400 -0.31862 0.00769Peru 1996 89.3 57.7 31.4 14.8 5.5 48.3 16.236 83.800 -0.35950 0.00307Peru 2000 56.2 44.0 20.6 7.8 3.0 32.0 18.733 53.200 -0.34796 0.00601




DELIVERY AT HOME


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 73.5 65.3 57.0 42.0 20.5 53.8 3.592 53.026 -0.23324 0.00794Benin 1996 64.7 44.4 32.0 11.9 3.4 34.9 19.029 61.300 -0.36044 0.01201Benin 2001 43.3 32.8 18.1 8.1 1.3 22.7 33.308 42.000 -0.39452 0.01390Burkina Faso 1992/93 71.7 70.3 68.9 49.9 12.7 56.3 5.643 59.020 -0.23381 0.00555Burkina Faso 1998/99 79.9 76.3 76.9 67.7 23.4 67.4 3.415 56.500 -0.15680 0.00508Burkina Faso 2003 80.2 74.6 67.2 54.1 15.3 61.3 5.232 64.870 -0.17979 0.00415Cameroon 1991 67.5 50.2 43.0 19.8 6.3 36.6 10.714 61.200 -0.35127 0.01111Cameroon 1998 73.7 59.8 39.1 18.9 13.5 44.3 5.459 60.200 -0.30184 0.01170Cameroon 2004 71.2 56.8 30.7 14.6 7.9 39.8 8.989 63.315 -0.34139 0.00700Central African Republic 1994/95 78.0 68.3 50.1 29.6 18.8 49.4 4.149 59.200 -0.26899 0.00898Chad 1996/97 97.2 94.2 94.2 87.1 63.7 87.6 1.526 33.500 -0.08350 0.00290Chad 2004 97.7 93.6 93.4 87.2 56.4 86.0 1.733 41.319 -0.11589 0.00325Comoros 1996 79.7 67.7 54.6 45.6 23.4 57.0 3.406 56.300 -0.19570 0.01287Côte d'Ivoire 1994 83.0 71.6 54.0 34.6 16.9 54.8 4.911 66.100 -0.24979 0.00672Eritrea 1995 96.8 95.3 95.0 74.9 28.6 82.4 3.385 68.200 -0.15258 0.00580Ethiopia 2000 99.3 98.6 98.4 96.6 77.0 94.8 1.290 22.300 -0.06937 0.00231Gabon 2000 33.1 14.0 7.7 4.6 1.5 12.7 22.067 31.600 -0.53893 0.02525Ghana 1993 75.2 76.1 68.6 39.5 15.8 57.0 4.759 59.400 -0.21134 0.00977Ghana 1998 81.9 68.5 52.3 35.2 13.7 55.7 5.978 68.200 -0.23574 0.00697Ghana 2003 75.2 56.8 49.0 18.9 6.9 46.0 10.940 68.322 -0.30890 0.00754Guinea 1999 88.2 82.6 75.5 54.6 33.4 69.5 2.641 54.800 -0.15935 0.00480Kenya 1993 75.8 66.1 54.4 43.8 24.3 54.7 3.121 51.512 -0.17948 0.00641Kenya 1998 78.2 68.0 58.1 45.1 21.3 56.6 3.671 56.900 -0.18783 0.00794Kenya 2003 82.9 66.7 62.3 45.8 25.8 58.7 3.218 57.124 -0.20596 0.00521Madagascar 1997 73.7 69.7 64.3 52.7 54.9 64.8 1.342 18.800 -0.07541 0.00688Malawi 1992 53.8 50.7 47.6 37.6 20.7 42.7 2.599 33.100 -0.18299 0.00917Malawi 2000 56.2 49.5 47.8 41.1 16.6 43.6 3.386 39.600 -0.16791 0.00569Mali 1995/96 89.6 78.6 67.2 51.2 19.9 62.7 4.503 69.700 -0.20743 0.00493Mali 2001 78.9 73.7 72.1 55.7 14.4 60.9 5.479 64.500 -0.17686 0.00397Mauritania 2000/01 88.9 70.0 46.9 31.1 11.9 51.2 7.471 77.000 -0.30180 0.00616Mozambique 1997 82.4 66.0 66.9 33.7 16.8 55.0 4.905 65.600 -0.24224 0.00708Mozambique 2003 73.1 64.8 56.4 30.2 8.7 50.5 8.372 64.384 -0.25799 0.00473Namibia 1992 49.2 41.5 34.2 27.7 8.0 32.0 6.150 41.200 -0.25288 0.01259Namibia 2000 43.8 34.4 22.9 13.6 2.9 24.1 15.103 40.900 -0.37021 0.01590Niger 1998 95.5 92.6 91.7 82.5 34.8 81.3 2.744 60.700 -0.14777 0.00422Nigeria 1990 87.4 78.6 73.7 57.2 28.1 66.4 3.110 59.300 -0.18303 0.00405Nigeria 2003 87.1 82.8 74.5 55.2 19.2 66.4 4.531 67.862 -0.17562 0.00520Rwanda 2000 81.8 83.6 81.9 76.1 40.1 72.6 2.040 41.700 -0.13025 0.00407Senegal 1997 75.8 69.3 51.6 30.0 17.5 51.3 4.331 58.300 -0.22481 0.00622South Africa 1998 29.6 16.5 12.4 3.8 1.2 14.3 24.667 28.400 -0.46504 0.02025Tanzania 1996 68.0 55.0 54.0 44.9 18.9 49.5 3.598 49.100 -0.17143 0.00659Tanzania 1999 71.8 66.3 65.9 50.4 17.4 56.3 4.126 54.400 -0.16565 0.00762Tanzania 2004 67.5 63.1 61.1 46.1 13.3 52.7 5.084 54.261 -0.15820 0.00596Togo 1998 74.9 65.6 49.0 29.3 8.9 50.0 8.416 66.000 -0.26306 0.00731Uganda 1995 77.8 73.0 69.1 61.9 32.0 63.6 2.431 45.800 -0.16032 0.00544Uganda 2000/01 80.5 72.6 68.8 53.4 22.3 61.9 3.610 58.200 -0.18267 0.00481Zambia 1996 80.3 75.0 63.1 32.0 9.0 53.1 8.922 71.300 -0.27344 0.00517Zambia 2001 79.0 76.5 64.7 30.6 8.5 55.7 9.294 70.500 -0.23978 0.00551Zimbabwe 1994 45.0 39.9 34.3 21.1 7.3 30.3 6.164 37.700 -0.25584 0.01646Zimbabwe 1999 36.0 28.2 31.5 16.3 4.8 23.3 7.500 31.200 -0.24533 0.01568

G. ALL COUNTRIES 66.4 56.8 48.3 35.9 18.7 47.4 3.546 47.642 -0.28955 0.01638




DELIVERY AT HOME (Cont.)

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B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA 38.2 43.4 45.0 45.5 48.1 44.3 0.794 9.917 0.05474 0.01123Armenia 2000 15.5 20.9 22.4 22.3 29.2 22.3 0.531 13.700 0.09426 0.01592Kazakhstan 1995 43.8 49.1 40.6 45.8 49.6 46.1 0.883 5.800 0.00752 0.01183Kazakhstan 1999 48.9 50.6 52.9 54.5 55.1 52.7 0.887 6.200 0.01747 0.00978Kyrgyzstan 1997 44.4 44.9 48.4 50.9 54.4 48.9 0.816 10.000 0.04022 0.01085Turkey 1993 21.0 29.4 33.1 38.5 45.5 34.5 0.462 24.500 0.12191 0.00972Turkey 1998 23.6 32.2 37.7 41.9 48.0 37.7 0.492 24.400 0.12904 0.00977Turkmenistan 2000 50.9 56.7 53.1 55.4 49.9 53.1 1.020 1.000 na naUzbekistan 1996 46.0 55.1 55.5 47.7 52.2 51.3 0.881 6.200 -0.00728 0.00985




Contraceptive ServicesPart II: Intermediate Determinants of HNP Status - Health Service Use

CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE AMONG WOMEN


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 8.1 10.0 12.6 17.0 28.0 15.2 0.290 19.847 0.38044 0.03007Benin 1996 1.3 1.4 1.7 4.6 9.0 3.4 0.144 7.700 0.38588 0.05442Benin 2001 4.0 3.2 6.7 8.3 14.7 7.2 0.272 10.700 0.27534 0.03278Burkina Faso 1992/93 0.8 0.3 1.0 2.5 16.4 4.2 0.046 15.670 0.91224 0.04923Burkina Faso 1998/99 1.8 2.6 2.9 2.4 16.0 4.8 0.113 14.200 0.57474 0.04340Burkina Faso 2003 1.8 4.5 6.2 6.9 26.8 8.8 0.068 24.985 0.48610 0.02230Cameroon 1991 0.7 1.2 2.8 4.4 12.5 4.3 0.056 11.800 0.59516 0.05731Cameroon 1998 1.4 2.2 6.1 10.5 16.6 7.1 0.084 15.200 0.45378 0.03608Cameroon 2004 2.4 5.1 11.5 20.2 27.2 13.1 0.090 24.759 0.39885 0.01816Central African Republic 1994/95 0.7 0.9 1.9 5.6 8.8 3.2 0.080 8.100 0.55563 0.05851Chad 1996/97 0.1 0.2 0.1 1.0 4.8 1.2 0.021 4.700 0.94274 0.09954Chad 2004 0.0 0.2 1.0 0.4 7.3 1.6 - 7.316 0.83194 0.08120Comoros 1996 6.6 11.6 10.2 10.0 18.6 11.4 0.355 12.000 0.15895 0.03934Côte d'Ivoire 1994 1.1 2.1 2.0 5.3 12.5 4.3 0.088 11.400 0.47567 0.04214Eritrea 1995 0.3 0.7 1.0 2.6 18.9 4.0 0.016 18.600 0.84891 0.06552Ethiopia 2000 2.7 2.7 2.0 3.6 22.9 6.3 0.118 20.200 0.78631 0.03104Gabon 2000 5.6 8.3 11.8 13.4 18.2 11.8 0.308 12.600 0.19990 0.02680Ghana 1993 5.4 5.5 7.8 11.8 19.1 10.1 0.283 13.700 0.25983 0.03190Ghana 1998 7.5 11.5 13.6 16.7 17.9 13.3 0.419 10.400 0.17092 0.02415Ghana 2003 8.6 19.1 18.6 21.3 26.3 18.7 0.329 17.646 0.17986 0.01980Guinea 1999 1.0 1.9 2.8 7.4 9.2 4.2 0.109 8.200 0.44846 0.04042Kenya 1993 10.3 15.7 27.3 37.5 45.1 27.3 0.227 34.868 0.26378 0.01340Kenya 1998 12.6 24.1 30.7 39.7 50.1 31.5 0.251 37.500 0.23115 0.01153Kenya 2003 11.8 24.2 33.4 41.0 44.5 31.5 0.266 32.675 0.23325 0.01042Madagascar 1997 2.3 3.0 7.3 12.4 23.8 9.7 0.097 21.500 0.49740 0.02754Malawi 1992 3.9 3.6 5.6 6.9 17.2 7.4 0.227 13.300 0.41164 0.04027Malawi 2000 19.9 23.4 22.9 25.8 39.6 26.1 0.503 19.700 0.14022 0.01003Mali 1995/96 0.5 1.4 2.0 4.2 15.3 4.5 0.033 14.800 0.61241 0.03806Mali 2001 4.2 3.6 3.4 7.3 17.9 7.0 0.235 13.700 0.34229 0.02502Mauritania 2000/01 0.1 0.5 2.6 6.8 16.5 5.1 0.006 16.400 0.61491 0.04331Mozambique 1997 0.9 1.8 3.1 5.3 16.9 5.1 0.053 16.000 0.74981 0.04425Mozambique 2003 14.1 16.2 21.5 19.3 36.6 20.8 0.384 22.529 0.20537 0.01212Namibia 1992 5.4 6.5 11.8 28.9 56.9 26.0 0.095 51.500 0.43759 0.01944Namibia 2000 28.8 24.1 30.3 48.5 64.2 42.6 0.449 35.400 0.18596 0.01198Niger 1998 0.8 1.6 2.2 2.9 18.1 4.6 0.044 17.300 0.70688 0.04287Nigeria 1990 0.5 1.7 1.7 3.3 11.6 3.4 0.043 11.100 0.67519 0.04407Nigeria 2003 3.6 2.9 6.7 9.2 20.5 8.2 0.175 16.941 0.38446 0.02867Rwanda 2000 2.4 2.3 3.5 5.2 14.6 5.7 0.164 12.200 0.21090 0.06294Senegal 1997 1.0 1.6 4.8 11.6 23.6 8.1 0.042 22.600 0.52113 0.02817South Africa 1998 34.0 45.1 54.5 62.1 70.3 55.1 0.484 36.300 0.13618 0.00688Tanzania 1996 4.9 7.2 10.0 14.1 28.9 13.3 0.170 24.000 0.33190 0.02078Tanzania 1999 5.6 12.8 11.8 20.4 32.1 16.9 0.174 26.500 0.27361 0.02168Tanzania 2004 10.7 12.8 15.6 24.1 36.0 20.0 0.298 25.312 0.18557 0.01358Togo 1998 3.3 4.9 7.0 7.5 12.5 7.0 0.264 9.200 0.23834 0.02845Uganda 1995 2.1 2.7 4.1 6.2 25.8 7.8 0.081 23.700 0.66008 0.03373Uganda 2000/01 11.3 9.3 11.9 19.5 40.6 18.2 0.278 29.300 0.36349 0.01824Zambia 1996 5.4 10.3 8.4 18.1 31.3 14.4 0.173 25.900 0.34414 0.02182Zambia 2001 10.8 13.2 19.7 31.3 52.5 25.3 0.206 41.700 0.32306 0.01433Zimbabwe 1994 31.2 32.7 38.0 49.9 55.8 42.2 0.559 24.600 0.12549 0.01127Zimbabwe 1999 41.1 42.1 42.8 53.7 67.4 50.4 0.610 26.300 0.09751 0.00938

G. ALL COUNTRIES 20.7 24.6 27.6 31.3 38.7 28.7 0.534 18.051 0.25924 0.02012


Contraceptive Services

CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE AMONG WOMEN (Cont.)


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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC na na na na na na na na na naCambodia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naIndonesia 1997 na na na na na na na na na naIndonesia 2002/03 1.1 0.5 0.8 2.4 3.2 1.6 0.345 2.118 0.45299 0.05794Philippines 1998 na na na na na na na na na naPhilippines 2003 21.4 29.4 36.0 34.4 31.5 30.5 0.680 10.103 0.08197 0.01575Vietnam 1997 na na na na na na na na na naVietnam 2002 na na na na na na na na na na

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na na naArmenia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1999 46.2 49.4 52.8 63.0 56.5 54.6 0.818 10.300 0.03272 0.01789Kyrgyzstan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1993 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1998 21.3 37.7 39.6 51.4 53.5 42.2 0.398 32.200 0.15200 0.01449Turkmenistan 2000 na na na na na na na na na naUzbekistan 1996 na na na na na na na na na na

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 1998 7.4 16.5 22.5 32.5 36.4 23.6 0.203 29.000 0.22965 0.02064Bolivia 2003 14.6 17.7 26.5 40.2 38.0 27.3 0.385 23.380 0.17555 0.01541Brazil 1996 52.8 66.0 72.6 70.3 77.8 68.6 0.679 25.000 0.07430 0.00961Colombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2005 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 1996 51.0 62.6 64.2 64.9 63.2 61.0 0.807 12.200 0.05734 0.01129Dominican Republic 2002 53.0 62.0 65.0 70.7 77.1 64.9 0.687 24.110 0.06392 0.01194Guatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 6.6 12.2 19.5 21.7 27.3 16.9 0.242 20.700 0.22506 0.04373Haiti 2000 22.0 28.9 22.2 21.3 20.8 23.5 1.058 1.200 na naNicaragua 1997/98 45.2 59.5 63.1 67.8 68.5 61.1 0.660 23.300 0.08512 0.01089Nicaragua 2001 na na na na na na na na na naParaguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 22.7 37.7 42.8 46.1 62.0 43.1 0.366 39.300 0.15863 0.01543Peru 2000 na na na na na na na na na na


E. SOUTH ASIA na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1996/97 45.5 46.1 51.3 45.1 54.4 48.5 0.836 8.900 0.03755 0.01042Bangladesh 1999/2000 43.4 47.8 53.3 53.8 57.4 51.3 0.756 14.000 0.05978 0.01099Bangladesh 2004 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 1996 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 2001 29.3 35.5 38.9 49.9 61.1 43.6 0.480 31.800 0.14906 0.01342Pakistan 1990/91 na na na na na na na na na na


CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE AMONG MEN


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 8.6 12.3 14.5 18.8 29.0 16.9 0.297 20.376 0.36051 0.04775Benin 1996 3.3 3.4 8.0 14.5 20.0 9.5 0.165 16.700 0.40545 0.04764Benin 2001 10.1 8.5 8.8 16.6 22.5 13.0 0.449 12.400 0.20344 0.03921Burkina Faso 1992/93 2.3 2.1 2.6 8.2 22.4 6.7 0.103 20.078 0.69549 0.06790Burkina Faso 1998/99 4.8 8.4 11.9 11.2 30.1 13.5 0.159 25.300 0.39928 0.04052Burkina Faso 2003 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 2.2 6.3 10.7 16.9 30.3 13.1 0.073 28.100 0.42669 0.03914Cameroon 2004 na na na na na na na na na naCentral African Republic 1994/95 0.9 1.5 4.2 8.0 9.7 4.4 0.093 8.800 0.47176 0.09180Chad 1996/97 0.6 0.7 0.0 1.9 10.7 3.0 0.056 10.100 0.86141 0.12377Chad 2004 0.0 2.0 2.4 5.3 14.1 4.9 - 14.102 0.58949 0.07223Comoros 1996 2.4 15.2 6.9 19.4 25.8 14.2 0.093 23.400 0.31764 0.06640Côte d'Ivoire 1994 2.8 4.7 4.6 10.0 15.3 7.1 0.183 12.500 0.36178 0.06468Eritrea 1995 0.0 0.9 3.3 4.4 29.9 7.2 - 29.900 0.78461 0.09564Ethiopia 2000 1.9 3.7 2.8 6.0 31.6 8.8 0.060 29.700 0.64633 0.05882Gabon 2000 9.7 19.8 28.9 25.7 32.8 24.3 0.296 23.100 0.20027 0.03246Ghana 1993 6.1 11.9 17.5 28.1 32.2 19.9 0.189 26.100 0.26049 0.04014Ghana 1998 11.3 17.0 19.0 25.2 24.8 19.7 0.456 13.500 0.14894 0.03871Ghana 2003 11.6 21.2 25.1 28.7 31.7 23.9 0.366 20.129 0.16804 0.01852Guinea 1999 4.7 3.6 5.9 13.4 18.6 8.8 0.253 13.900 0.35549 0.06341Kenya 1993 9.4 20.5 34.7 41.0 45.4 31.9 0.208 35.930 0.22607 0.01937Kenya 1998 17.9 28.3 40.4 44.7 54.6 39.1 0.328 36.700 0.18982 0.01661Kenya 2003 12.7 21.9 28.5 37.4 38.1 29.4 0.333 25.407 0.20196 0.01904Madagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 4.8 8.6 6.1 13.2 24.9 12.5 0.193 20.100 0.36002 0.05511Malawi 2000 20.9 27.5 27.0 24.5 31.6 26.7 0.662 10.666 0.07143 0.02920Mali 1995/96 1.0 3.9 6.5 14.3 18.7 8.4 0.053 17.700 0.41681 0.04861Mali 2001 7.6 5.6 6.2 12.7 19.1 10.2 0.398 11.500 0.29410 0.04308Mauritania 2000/01 2.0 1.2 2.4 9.5 16.9 7.1 0.118 14.900 0.60983 0.07055Mozambique 1997 0.6 1.3 4.9 6.7 20.3 6.5 0.030 19.700 0.67073 0.07568Mozambique 2003 1.8 5.4 8.0 13.4 29.6 10.0 0.060 27.824 0.54620 0.04692Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 20.0 32.8 41.7 40.0 60.2 42.6 0.332 40.200 0.13863 0.01982Niger 1998 1.7 2.9 2.9 5.2 26.0 7.6 0.065 24.300 0.65825 0.05453Nigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 3.3 3.0 6.7 11.4 21.6 9.4 0.152 18.305 0.36117 0.05343Rwanda 2000 na na na na na na na na na naSenegal 1997 1.6 3.1 6.6 10.8 28.3 9.5 0.057 26.700 0.51145 0.04187South Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 7.9 8.7 13.7 16.4 30.3 15.9 0.261 22.400 0.28432 0.03932Tanzania 1999 10.5 18.1 22.5 25.3 34.9 23.0 0.301 24.400 0.19347 0.02031Tanzania 2004 17.3 23.4 22.7 29.8 36.3 25.7 0.475 19.049 0.09082 0.02408Togo 1998 6.2 13.4 14.1 18.9 25.7 15.7 0.241 19.500 0.28285 0.03152Uganda 1995 3.2 2.9 6.6 11.2 30.0 10.3 0.107 26.800 0.61036 0.05455Uganda 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 1996 12.0 20.4 10.2 25.2 37.0 21.3 0.324 25.000 0.22314 0.03996Zambia 2001 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1994 37.1 42.0 48.1 55.6 69.7 54.5 0.532 32.600 0.11653 0.01574Zimbabwe 1999 50.7 49.1 59.4 62.0 72.7 60.9 0.697 22.000 0.06561 0.01341

G. ALL COUNTRIES 14.6 19.3 21.7 26.4 34.1 23.5 0.427 19.551 0.30379 0.04023



CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE AMONG MEN (Cont.)


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C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 62.0 54.5 48.2 41.8 32.3 45.6 1.917 29.639 -0.12828 0.01381Bolivia 1998 67.8 55.6 51.3 43.1 28.3 42.3 2.396 39.500 -0.17443 0.01569Bolivia 2003 73.0 71.1 58.2 50.1 40.5 54.9 1.802 32.490 -0.14000 0.00836Brazil 1996 69.0 56.3 44.8 38.6 30.9 45.7 2.233 38.100 -0.16479 0.00823Colombia 1995 44.3 34.9 26.0 24.1 18.2 27.9 2.434 26.100 -0.15186 0.01534Colombia 2000 46.1 35.1 27.9 25.1 20.9 30.2 2.206 25.200 -0.14723 0.01418Colombia 2005 61.2 48.9 41.8 34.5 31.9 42.7 1.917 29.263 -0.12395 0.00595Dominican Republic 1996 47.9 42.8 38.9 31.3 18.6 35.5 2.575 29.300 -0.17622 0.01337Dominican Republic 2002 56.4 51.5 45.4 37.7 28.3 43.1 1.993 28.098 -0.14994 0.00698Guatemala 1995 43.0 33.7 32.9 33.6 16.8 26.5 2.560 26.200 -0.17576 0.02310Guatemala 1998/99 54.7 46.7 41.3 31.9 31.6 35.0 1.731 23.100 -0.12753 0.02580Haiti 1994/95 (59.3) (70.9) 59.8 59.3 45.1 56.5 1.315 104.400 -0.09045 0.02581Haiti 2000 42.9 24.8 24.0 24.8 16.5 25.4 2.600 26.400 -0.13277 0.02811Nicaragua 1997/98 74.4 69.7 62.5 59.5 49.4 61.6 1.506 25.000 -0.07181 0.00655Nicaragua 2001 79.3 77.2 68.0 62.7 41.3 64.0 1.920 38.000 -0.10167 0.00605Paraguay 1990 27.2 24.2 22.4 16.9 14.7 19.3 1.850 12.500 -0.13116 0.03154Peru 1996 92.4 82.7 76.6 68.9 47.8 71.1 1.933 44.600 -0.10923 0.00393Peru 2000 94.1 90.2 87.8 78.7 55.3 80.1 1.702 38.800 -0.08268 0.00323

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA 58.7 51.3 48.5 44.1 31.5 44.9 1.866 27.266 -0.10908 0.01442Egypt 1995 44.2 45.5 39.5 34.1 25.6 35.7 1.727 18.600 -0.13881 0.00990Egypt 2000 63.8 56.9 51.8 49.7 31.3 48.6 2.038 32.500 -0.13091 0.00663Jordan 1997 39.8 36.0 30.6 24.2 17.0 27.9 2.341 22.800 -0.13956 0.02537Morocco 1992 80.6 81.0 73.2 57.6 40.9 62.6 1.971 39.700 -0.14841 0.00959Morocco 2003/04 65.7 63.0 61.2 49.2 32.0 53.7 2.052 33.666 -0.11146 0.00761Yemen 1997 (65.7) 49.4 50.2 53.5 45.6 49.2 1.441 111.300 -0.05441 0.01806

E. SOUTH ASIA 85.7 76.9 76.2 68.6 48.2 67.0 1.778 37.495 -0.11839 0.00838Bangladesh 1996/97 42.8 41.6 33.5 34.6 22.6 34.5 1.894 20.200 -0.13491 0.01265Bangladesh 1999/2000 83.7 79.1 70.2 59.5 37.4 64.5 2.238 46.300 -0.15535 0.00596Bangladesh 2004 76.1 66.9 59.7 54.8 30.6 56.9 2.489 45.517 -0.15945 0.00633India 1992/93 94.2 91.5 89.7 81.6 55.3 78.8 1.703 38.900 -0.11324 0.00169India 1998/99 91.9 89.2 86.0 76.2 51.6 76.0 1.781 40.300 -0.11703 0.00166Nepal 1996 88.1 86.9 83.5 82.6 68.0 79.4 1.296 20.100 -0.06742 0.00674Nepal 2001 89.0 88.0 86.7 79.9 65.9 79.4 1.351 23.100 -0.07184 0.00563Pakistan 1990/91 * (63.6) 72.3 63.5 44.6 55.7 - - -0.12525 0.01990


SOURCE OF CONTRACEPTION IN PUBLIC SECTOR AMONG WOMEN


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 61.9 65.6 65.7 63.7 54.7 60.3 1.131 7.173 -0.03863 0.02353Benin 1996 * * * (50.1) 52.0 51.3 - - -0.01043 0.05012Benin 2001 (54.6) (49.6) 70.3 56.8 50.1 56.0 1.090 104.700 -0.02985 0.03063Burkina Faso 1992/93 * * * (81.8) 63.6 65.4 - - * *Burkina Faso 1998/99 * (59.1) * * 71.6 70.7 - - -0.02981 0.02132Burkina Faso 2003 (65.2) 64.0 73.7 80.0 67.7 70.0 0.963 132.988 -0.03010 0.01471Cameroon 1991 * * * (24.1) 25.3 30.6 - - -0.09835 0.07548Cameroon 1998 * * (57.8) 34.9 40.9 43.4 - - -0.08198 0.03711Cameroon 2004 (33.9) 38.6 28.4 24.6 25.9 27.2 1.308 59.778 -0.05401 0.03265Central African Republic 1994/95 * * * (48.9) 47.9 52.4 - - -0.08754 0.04280Chad 1996/97 * * * * 65.7 61.4 - - 0.03381 0.04294Chad 2004 * * * 64.6 na 63.0 - - 0.09383 0.06713Comoros 1996 * (85.4) (85.3) (90.3) 81.4 86.0 - - -0.02541 0.01878Côte d'Ivoire 1994 * * * 36.0 39.4 33.7 - - 0.10692 0.05396Eritrea 1995 * * * * 83.3 79.7 - - 0.02753 0.02323Ethiopia 2000 (96.1) (93.0) 89.6 76.8 77.0 80.9 1.248 173.100 -0.10115 0.01001Gabon 2000 (32.2) 29.9 37.9 39.2 34.0 35.4 0.947 66.200 0.01873 0.03765Ghana 1993 (69.0) (50.0) 44.4 47.4 46.5 48.8 1.484 115.500 -0.05604 0.03239Ghana 1998 60.7 53.9 58.7 45.9 44.2 51.0 1.373 16.500 -0.06901 0.02568Ghana 2003 60.0 50.2 50.4 47.9 44.9 49.2 1.338 15.158 -0.05233 0.02151Guinea 1999 * * (58.9) 59.0 51.5 58.1 - - -0.04787 0.03058Kenya 1993 77.8 82.6 66.2 78.5 59.6 70.0 1.305 18.164 -0.06911 0.01129Kenya 1998 74.6 72.2 72.0 63.8 52.1 63.5 1.432 22.500 -0.09623 0.01189Kenya 2003 67.9 64.1 65.4 57.9 38.6 54.7 1.759 29.329 -0.13158 0.01235Madagascar 1997 * (73.1) (71.1) 66.2 37.6 52.8 - - -0.16819 0.02311Malawi 1992 * * (77.3) 70.1 69.8 70.5 - - -0.01805 0.02128Malawi 2000 73.1 74.1 72.5 73.3 60.7 69.7 1.204 12.400 -0.04505 0.00811Mali 1995/96 * * (32.6) 53.9 61.8 57.2 - - 0.05317 0.02636Mali 2001 33.3 29.9 49.2 54.8 49.1 46.3 0.678 15.800 0.04996 0.02277Mauritania 2000/01 * * * 73.1 54.4 62.3 - - -0.09829 0.02544Mozambique 1997 (96.8) * 90.2 96.5 83.5 88.0 - - -0.03860 0.00988Mozambique 2003 27.0 30.1 37.7 55.2 73.6 48.3 0.367 46.650 0.18816 0.01312Namibia 1992 * (100.0) 93.0 95.5 69.0 79.2 - - -0.10952 0.01327Namibia 2000 98.5 88.6 92.6 93.5 66.4 82.7 1.483 32.100 -0.10300 0.00789Niger 1998 * (92.9) (96.0) (91.5) 80.9 85.2 - - -0.06939 0.01278Nigeria 1990 * * (69.7) 37.1 45.1 43.0 - - 0.01199 0.03797Nigeria 2003 (36.7) (56.0) 26.0 22.0 26.1 28.5 1.406 62.794 -0.05256 0.04801Rwanda 2000 * (81.4) (67.1) 77.4 57.9 64.9 - - -0.09032 0.02469Senegal 1997 * * 80.1 79.7 61.3 69.7 - - -0.09672 0.01948South Africa 1998 98.0 91.5 91.2 85.4 54.9 78.3 1.785 43.100 -0.11917 0.00555Tanzania 1996 84.1 81.5 84.4 80.2 71.9 77.5 1.170 12.200 -0.04892 0.01124Tanzania 1999 (77.0) (73.0) 69.7 91.0 64.2 73.4 1.199 141.200 -0.04309 0.01562Tanzania 2004 78.1 79.6 75.5 73.7 67.0 72.7 1.165 11.083 -0.02553 0.00910Togo 1998 (82.5) 71.9 69.8 70.2 48.8 63.9 1.691 131.300 -0.10453 0.01976Uganda 1995 * * (79.6) 51.7 46.6 51.9 - - -0.02565 0.02526Uganda 2000/01 27.7 44.0 38.2 37.2 36.9 36.7 0.751 9.200 0.04164 0.02442Zambia 1996 64.5 74.3 68.2 77.4 50.4 63.7 1.280 14.100 -0.06632 0.01728Zambia 2001 58.3 66.4 65.4 71.7 52.4 61.3 1.113 5.900 -0.04174 0.01463Zimbabwe 1994 91.3 86.3 89.1 79.8 72.0 81.8 1.268 19.300 -0.05620 0.00747Zimbabwe 1999 91.1 88.5 83.9 77.4 62.7 77.8 1.453 28.400 -0.07257 0.00758

G. ALL COUNTRIES 66.8 65.8 64.1 60.7 50.8 59.6 1.315 15.984 -0.06650 0.01749



SOURCE OF CONTRACEPTION IN PUBLIC SECTOR AMONG WOMEN (Cont.)


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B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na na naArmenia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1999 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1.000 0.000 na naKyrgyzstan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1993 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1998 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1.000 0.000 na naTurkmenistan 2000 na na na na na na na na na naUzbekistan 1996 na na na na na na na na na na

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 1998 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1.000 0.000 na naBolivia 2003 na na na na na na na na na naBrazil 1996 63.9 56.7 44.6 39.3 28.6 44.3 2.234 35.300 -0.14934 0.01808Colombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2005 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 1996 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1.000 0.000 na naDominican Republic 2002 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 2001 na na na na na na na na na naParaguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 2000 na na na na na na na na na na


E. SOUTH ASIA na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1999/2000 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 2004 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 1996 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 2001 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1.000 0.000 na naPakistan 1990/91 na na na na na na na na na na


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naBenin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 na na na na na na na na na naCentral African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naChad 2004 na na na na na na na na na naComoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 * * * * 100.0 100.0 - - na naEthiopia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGabon 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 na na na na na na na na na naGuinea 1999 * * * (100.0) (100.0) 100.0 - - na naKenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 2003 na na na na na na na na na naMadagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 na na na na na na na na -0.05193 0.02115Mali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na na naMali 2001 na na na na na na na na na naMauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNiger 1998 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 na na na na na na na na na naRwanda 2000 na na na na na na na na na naSenegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 na na na na na na na na na naTogo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 na na na na na na na na na na





SOURCE OF CONTRACEPTION IN PUBLIC SECTOR AMONG MEN (Cont.)

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B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA 8.3 6.7 7.9 10.5 14.7 10.3 0.564 6.383 0.17844 0.15097Armenia 2000 14.7 5.3 7.7 8.1 10.6 9.1 1.387 4.100 -0.02067 0.06388Kazakhstan 1995 3.7 1.2 3.7 4.3 7.2 4.3 0.514 3.500 0.25755 0.08396Kazakhstan 1999 3.0 3.6 5.1 11.3 7.2 6.5 0.417 4.200 0.13697 0.04611Kyrgyzstan 1997 0.2 1.0 0.9 2.7 3.3 1.8 0.061 3.100 -0.01973 0.17326Turkey 1993 32.6 33.0 36.6 41.7 60.3 44.1 0.541 27.700 0.14487 0.01386Turkey 1998 30.9 29.9 33.1 39.5 63.6 42.8 0.486 32.700 0.16705 0.01419Turkmenistan 2000 0.3 0.4 0.6 1.0 1.9 0.9 0.158 1.600 na naUzbekistan 1996 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.6 1.3 0.5 0.385 0.800 0.62855 0.45743

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 33.2 42.4 48.7 55.2 64.9 51.3 0.511 31.782 0.15452 0.00992Bolivia 1998 31.1 41.0 47.7 54.4 70.0 55.7 0.444 38.900 0.13905 0.01189Bolivia 2003 7.8 18.5 32.6 42.7 55.1 36.4 0.141 47.321 0.26799 0.01152Brazil 1996 28.9 42.4 53.6 59.8 67.5 52.6 0.428 38.600 0.14964 0.00746Colombia 1995 54.7 64.7 73.8 75.2 81.3 71.5 0.673 26.600 0.06094 0.00608Colombia 2000 48.0 62.1 68.8 71.8 76.0 66.3 0.632 28.000 0.07282 0.00668Colombia 2005 38.4 50.2 57.5 64.4 67.1 56.5 0.572 28.695 0.09341 0.00451Dominican Republic 1996 50.9 54.8 60.1 68.2 81.2 63.4 0.627 30.300 0.10434 0.00755Dominican Republic 2002 40.6 46.4 50.8 58.8 68.4 53.8 0.593 27.825 0.11882 0.00562Guatemala 1995 55.7 59.0 64.6 64.8 81.2 71.2 0.686 25.500 0.07052 0.00880Guatemala 1998/99 42.2 51.5 54.3 65.6 66.2 62.4 0.637 24.000 0.07592 0.01493Haiti 1994/95 (40.7) (29.1) 38.8 38.5 52.7 41.9 0.772 93.400 0.12166 0.03540Haiti 2000 55.9 73.3 75.0 72.1 81.8 72.8 0.683 25.900 0.04573 0.00989Nicaragua 1997/98 23.5 28.4 35.3 37.2 47.4 35.8 0.496 23.900 0.12061 0.01122Nicaragua 2001 16.7 20.3 28.9 34.5 55.2 32.8 0.303 38.500 0.20245 0.01156Paraguay 1990 66.0 70.9 75.6 79.1 81.4 76.7 0.811 15.400 0.04590 0.00936Peru 1996 6.8 15.8 21.7 28.6 48.9 26.8 0.139 42.100 0.25997 0.01054Peru 2000 1.9 7.9 10.4 19.8 41.7 17.6 0.046 39.800 0.39080 0.01440

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA 38.6 46.5 50.6 54.5 67.6 54.0 0.571 29.004 0.09202 0.01073Egypt 1995 53.4 53.1 58.9 64.5 73.1 62.8 0.731 19.700 0.07921 0.00572Egypt 2000 36.1 43.0 48.2 50.3 68.6 51.3 0.526 32.500 0.11488 0.00662Jordan 1997 60.2 64.0 69.4 75.8 83.0 72.1 0.725 22.800 0.04149 0.00854Morocco 1992 19.4 18.6 26.1 41.9 58.9 37.1 0.329 39.500 0.26518 0.01668Morocco 2003/04 33.5 35.1 37.3 49.7 66.1 44.8 0.507 32.618 0.13369 0.00906Yemen 1997 (24.6) 43.8 47.7 42.3 52.7 47.7 0.467 77.300 0.07803 0.01870

E. SOUTH ASIA 12.2 18.8 20.7 26.4 46.2 28.2 0.265 34.002 0.27843 0.02035Bangladesh 1996/97 53.7 54.2 63.8 61.3 71.8 61.3 0.748 18.100 0.06460 0.00754Bangladesh 1999/2000 15.5 19.2 28.9 39.1 61.0 34.2 0.254 45.500 0.28734 0.01101Bangladesh 2004 23.1 32.3 39.5 44.9 69.0 42.5 0.335 45.943 0.21692 0.00846India 1992/93 4.3 7.5 9.1 17.4 43.1 19.9 0.100 38.800 0.36995 0.00768India 1998/99 7.3 9.7 13.0 22.3 46.4 22.6 0.157 39.100 0.38001 0.00548Nepal 1996 7.2 7.2 9.0 11.5 26.9 14.8 0.268 19.700 0.40524 0.03404Nepal 2001 6.3 8.6 9.4 15.0 28.7 15.9 0.220 22.400 0.34216 0.02691Pakistan 1990/91 * (24.6) 20.9 23.2 40.8 31.8 - - 0.17462 0.04056


SOURCE OF CONTRACEPTION IN PRIVATE SECTOR AMONG WOMEN


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 30.1 28.6 30.2 32.4 41.5 35.3 0.726 11.343 0.18394 0.04860Benin 1996 * * * (36.4) 46.1 40.6 - - 0.09739 0.06131Benin 2001 (28.5) (43.5) 24.3 37.0 45.5 37.3 0.626 74.000 0.08486 0.04129Burkina Faso 1992/93 * * * (14.6) 26.4 22.5 - - * *Burkina Faso 1998/99 * (40.9) * * 25.3 26.0 - - 0.05544 0.07720Burkina Faso 2003 (28.3) 32.2 22.4 17.2 29.9 26.9 0.948 58.224 0.10733 0.03572Cameroon 1991 * * * (66.4) 70.3 64.9 - - 0.07181 0.04335Cameroon 1998 * * (42.2) 64.4 58.6 56.1 - - 0.06945 0.03212Cameroon 2004 (61.7) 60.5 64.1 70.4 67.7 67.2 0.911 129.450 0.01589 0.01384Central African Republic 1994/95 * * * (45.3) 45.2 41.0 - - 0.11729 0.04980Chad 1996/97 * * * * 34.3 38.6 - - -0.08384 0.10584Chad 2004 * * * 32.3 na 33.2 - - -0.12140 0.12701Comoros 1996 * (4.9) (11.8) (6.5) 10.2 8.1 - - 0.18559 0.19772Côte d'Ivoire 1994 * * * 59.7 58.8 61.6 - - -0.02932 0.03253Eritrea 1995 * * * * 14.6 18.3 - - -0.07837 0.11282Ethiopia 2000 (3.9) (6.7) 9.9 23.2 21.0 17.7 0.188 24.905 0.66109 0.06240Gabon 2000 (63.0) 62.1 53.8 57.5 62.2 59.3 1.013 125.200 -0.00328 0.02045Ghana 1993 (27.6) (47.2) 53.7 51.3 51.9 49.4 0.532 79.500 0.07744 0.03423Ghana 1998 35.0 44.4 36.8 54.1 54.0 46.9 0.648 19.000 0.07623 0.02580Ghana 2003 36.6 45.0 47.5 52.1 53.5 48.7 0.684 16.924 0.06267 0.02130Guinea 1999 * * (38.0) 36.0 42.1 35.9 - - 0.08952 0.05047Kenya 1993 16.4 12.1 25.6 15.9 33.2 23.3 0.493 16.850 0.19410 0.03189Kenya 1998 25.4 26.7 27.4 35.0 47.0 35.7 0.540 21.600 0.18227 0.02210Kenya 2003 32.1 35.9 34.4 41.8 61.3 45.1 0.523 29.247 0.15894 0.01488Madagascar 1997 * (26.9) (28.9) 32.3 61.2 46.2 - - 0.20824 0.02932Malawi 1992 * * (22.7) 29.9 29.0 28.4 - - 0.02954 0.05232Malawi 2000 26.2 25.6 26.5 26.4 38.9 29.8 0.674 12.700 0.11203 0.02021Mali 1995/96 * * (67.4) 39.0 35.6 39.3 - - -0.06964 0.03670Mali 2001 19.5 32.9 34.9 31.1 44.9 36.6 0.434 25.400 0.15073 0.02583Mauritania 2000/01 * * * 21.5 35.6 29.2 - - 0.16240 0.05523Mozambique 1997 0.0 * 9.8 3.5 9.9 8.1 - 9.900 0.50283 0.14374Mozambique 2003 69.8 64.0 56.9 35.8 21.9 46.4 3.182 47.876 -0.18818 0.01388Namibia 1992 * 0.0 3.2 3.7 27.9 17.9 - - 0.50036 0.04864Namibia 2000 1.5 6.1 2.7 4.1 31.8 15.0 0.047 30.300 0.60052 0.04460Niger 1998 * (3.0) (4.0) (3.5) 18.4 13.3 - - 0.61901 0.10001Nigeria 1990 * * (23.2) 60.3 50.1 53.0 - - -0.07745 0.04606Nigeria 2003 (54.9) (39.5) 66.9 68.4 63.5 62.5 0.864 118.430 0.02721 0.02273Rwanda 2000 * (14.2) (28.4) 18.2 34.9 29.6 - - 0.65465 0.06995Senegal 1997 * * 19.9 20.3 37.5 29.0 - - 0.25581 0.04609South Africa 1998 0.8 7.0 8.3 12.9 40.6 19.4 0.020 39.800 0.45745 0.02282Tanzania 1996 8.5 16.0 13.0 15.4 25.1 19.0 0.339 16.600 0.20074 0.04500Tanzania 1999 (23.0) (27.0) 28.7 9.0 35.2 26.1 0.653 58.200 0.11301 0.04473Tanzania 2004 14.9 15.5 22.6 22.4 31.8 24.3 0.470 16.870 0.10745 0.02576Togo 1998 (14.5) 26.0 30.2 29.8 48.3 34.4 0.300 62.800 0.40718 0.08226Uganda 1995 * * (17.3) 48.3 51.6 46.3 - - 0.03467 0.03865Uganda 2000/01 44.8 39.0 40.3 52.3 57.1 50.4 0.785 12.300 0.16756 0.02251Zambia 1996 28.3 20.9 31.8 17.0 47.4 32.7 0.597 19.100 0.13011 0.03178Zambia 2001 33.7 27.3 31.9 27.0 46.9 36.4 0.719 13.200 0.08732 0.02157Zimbabwe 1994 7.0 12.6 9.1 19.5 26.0 16.8 0.269 19.000 0.27666 0.03662Zimbabwe 1999 7.5 10.6 15.6 20.9 35.7 20.9 0.210 28.200 0.25392 0.02644

G. ALL COUNTRIES 27.7 29.8 32.3 35.7 45.5 36.4 0.608 17.804 0.17672 0.04447



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C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 na na na na na na na na na naBrazil 1996 29.9 38.7 50.4 57.6 67.1 51.2 0.446 37.200 0.14798 0.01588Colombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2005 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 2002 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 2001 na na na na na na na na na naParaguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 2000 na na na na na na na na na na




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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naBenin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 na na na na na na na na na naCentral African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naChad 2004 na na na na na na na na na naComoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGabon 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 na na na na na na na na na naGuinea 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 2003 na na na na na na na na na naMadagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 na na na na na na na na 0.09757 0.04701Mali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na na naMali 2001 na na na na na na na na na naMauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNiger 1998 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 na na na na na na na na na naRwanda 2000 na na na na na na na na na naSenegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 na na na na na na na na na naTogo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 na na na na na na na na na na




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B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na na naArmenia 2000 32.6 45.6 39.0 41.7 51.8 42.1 0.629 19.200 0.06370 0.01952Kazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1999 * * * * * * - - 0.02277 0.13851Kyrgyzstan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1993 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 * * * * * * - - na naUzbekistan 1996 na na na na na na na na na na

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 23.5 25.9 32.6 35.1 37.0 31.5 0.636 13.457 0.06649 0.02082Bolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 na na na na na na na na na naBrazil 1996 52.1 60.7 67.2 70.7 77.9 66.0 0.669 25.800 0.07344 0.00754Colombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2005 4.7 4.6 5.0 4.1 3.8 4.4 1.247 0.931 -0.03876 0.01441Dominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na 0.00278 0.00893Dominican Republic 2002 6.8 5.9 5.3 5.1 3.8 5.2 1.792 3.025 -0.08729 0.01688Guatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 * * * * (85.9) 76.3 - - 0.07703 0.03156Haiti 2000 34.1 29.9 44.3 44.6 55.4 43.1 0.616 21.300 0.10565 0.02662Nicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 2001 2.6 3.6 7.6 12.2 8.4 7.1 0.310 5.800 0.24051 0.05344Paraguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 * (76.4) (85.4) (68.3) (86.4) 77.2 - - 0.05512 0.02726Peru 2000 40.7 50.9 66.2 73.8 72.5 63.0 0.561 31.800 0.10541 0.00601


E. SOUTH ASIA na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1999/2000 13.2 18.7 25.9 29.3 41.8 25.3 0.316 28.600 0.23432 0.01600Bangladesh 2004 17.2 24.4 33.5 32.0 49.6 31.1 0.347 32.419 0.20177 0.01713India 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 1996 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 2001 na na na na na na na na na naPakistan 1990/91 na na na na na na na na na na

Treatment of Adult IllnessesPart II: Intermediate Determinants of HNP Status - Health Service Use

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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 38.1 40.3 46.9 52.3 63.4 48.4 0.602 25.246 0.16094 0.04358Benin 1996 * * * * * * - - 0.17183 0.08688Benin 2001 * * * (61.6) 70.7 58.1 - - 0.13962 0.03365Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 * * * * (71.9) 45.1 - - 0.38943 0.06801Burkina Faso 2003 (31.1) (41.0) 23.7 42.8 74.6 60.4 0.416 105.670 0.20774 0.01821Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 * * * (77.8) 88.3 81.3 - - 0.03549 0.02098Cameroon 2004 55.7 48.4 52.0 62.2 70.7 60.7 0.789 14.940 0.08403 0.01417Central African Republic 1994/95 38.4 42.6 58.6 56.1 73.6 54.4 0.522 35.200 0.13450 0.02322Chad 1996/97 * * * * * (40.7) - - 0.22540 0.10685Chad 2004 17.7 29.7 (45.1) 54.6 65.5 45.0 0.270 47.771 0.31604 0.03232Comoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGabon 2000 52.5 52.7 59.2 65.9 68.8 60.2 0.763 16.300 0.06280 0.01384Ghana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 15.8 27.5 28.0 47.5 53.1 37.8 0.298 37.262 0.24332 0.03226Guinea 1999 45.9 32.6 52.4 69.0 69.8 57.0 0.658 23.900 0.12157 0.02172Kenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 * (88.8) (81.9) * * 87.9 - - 0.04464 0.02084Kenya 2003 (54.1) 59.1 (62.0) 58.5 72.2 61.7 0.750 126.272 0.05153 0.02728Madagascar 1997 (36.7) (45.4) (40.7) (54.2) (53.1) 45.5 0.691 16.400 0.07459 0.04900Malawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 13.0 19.2 17.3 22.6 44.1 22.2 0.295 31.100 0.22425 0.03135Mali 1995/96 * * * * (65.8) 46.4 - - 0.20553 0.06180Mali 2001 14.7 19.0 15.5 31.6 60.2 32.4 0.244 45.500 0.30670 0.01477Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 48.3 54.9 60.0 69.7 74.3 64.3 0.650 25.980 0.10112 0.01478Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNiger 1998 * * * * * (21.9) - - 0.27081 0.21302Nigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 19.9 21.2 44.0 49.9 58.1 40.7 0.341 38.289 0.16895 0.03577Rwanda 2000 * (14.5) * (21.0) 48.3 26.6 - - 0.35109 0.06083Senegal 1997 * * * * * (59.1) - - 0.10423 0.06613South Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 (51.0) (52.8) (50.5) (48.6) (49.8) 50.6 1.024 1.200 -0.00717 0.04348Tanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 57.1 48.3 65.6 64.6 60.3 59.5 0.947 3.195 0.02832 0.02107Togo 1998 * * * * * (28.8) - - 0.40115 0.16655Uganda 1995 (74.9) * (66.2) (67.7) 85.2 75.4 - - 0.02534 0.01691Uganda 2000/01 47.4 47.3 51.8 55.2 62.1 54.5 0.763 14.700 0.06921 0.01590Zambia 1996 (55.6) (76.5) (78.6) (86.9) * 77.5 - - 0.09048 0.02517Zambia 2001 44.2 49.4 51.2 49.1 61.5 51.2 0.719 17.300 0.07623 0.02946Zimbabwe 1994 (34.4) (57.2) (45.9) (41.8) * 45.9 - - 0.06389 0.04953Zimbabwe 1999 55.6 73.3 69.7 57.0 63.1 62.1 0.881 7.500 0.00300 0.02352

G. ALL COUNTRIES na na na na na 44.2 na na 0.13639 0.04061


Treatment of Adult Illnesses

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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC na na na na na na na na na naCambodia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naIndonesia 1997 na na na na na na na na na naIndonesia 2002/03 na na na na na na na na na naPhilippines 1998 na na na na na na na na na naPhilippines 2003 * * * * * 32.8 - - 0.07782 0.10532Vietnam 1997 na na na na na na na na na naVietnam 2002 na na na na na na na na na na

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na na naArmenia 2000 * * 0.0 * * * - - 0.39417 0.24876Kazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1999 * * * * * * - - -0.13323 0.21392Kyrgyzstan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1993 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 na na na na na na na na na naUzbekistan 1996 na na na na na na na na na na

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 * * * (72.0) (72.0) 62.1 - - 0.01662 0.03427Brazil 1996 (43.9) (54.2) * (38.8) * 44.6 - - -0.09450 0.05690Colombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2005 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 1996 * * * * * (12.4) - - -0.04346 0.06773Dominican Republic 2002 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.5 7.584 0.702 -0.03591 0.12087Guatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 * * (18.6) (26.3) * 25.8 - - -0.00086 0.09143Haiti 2000 27.8 (76.7) (70.9) (52.0) * 57.0 - - 0.01788 0.03104Nicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 2001 na na na na na na na na na naParaguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 * * * * * 42.8 - - -0.02744 0.10189Peru 2000 na na na na na na na na na na


E. SOUTH ASIA na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1999/2000 (27.4) 39.9 (26.1) (37.8) (38.0) 33.9 0.721 10.600 0.03224 0.05104Bangladesh 2004 16.5 21.5 22.7 18.7 22.5 20.3 0.733 6.012 0.07206 0.03874India 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 1996 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 2001 na na na na na na na na na naPakistan 1990/91 na na na na na na na na na na


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA na na na na na 50.8 na na 0.04855 0.08847Benin 1996 * * * * * 38.5 - - 0.17124 0.07019Benin 2001 * * * * (74.2) 55.3 - - 0.18680 0.04633Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 * * * * (54.1) 43.1 - - 0.10419 0.07867Burkina Faso 2003 * * * * (32.6) 32.0 - - 0.09491 0.07912Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 * * (58.8) 58.8 59.0 56.9 - - 0.01689 0.02889Cameroon 2004 (45.1) (52.6) 54.3 52.6 64.2 56.6 0.703 109.308 0.06336 0.02600Central African Republic 1994/95 (37.7) (38.0) (47.7) (60.8) (53.5) 48.4 0.705 15.800 0.09870 0.04301Chad 1996/97 * * * * (59.9) 38.7 - - 0.31987 0.08739Chad 2004 * * * * * 59.9 - - 0.01529 0.06743Comoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 * * 0.0 * * * - - -0.21750 0.71249Ethiopia 2000 * * * * * (45.5) - - 0.07080 0.08037Gabon 2000 (81.0) 80.0 (70.8) (66.0) (72.1) 73.2 1.123 8.900 -0.04331 0.02473Ghana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 (29.6) (36.0) * (31.7) (32.9) 35.8 - - 0.07234 0.05536Guinea 1999 (62.1) (40.5) (44.9) (74.5) (44.8) 52.1 1.386 17.300 -0.00661 0.04453Kenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 * (68.5) (52.5) 68.0 (55.2) 63.2 - - -0.03526 0.02870Kenya 2003 * * * * * 72.1 - - 0.04668 0.03901Madagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 (12.4) 17.4 (21.6) (41.4) 42.9 28.4 0.289 55.300 0.23774 0.05845Mali 1995/96 * * * * * 31.5 - - 0.17042 0.09467Mali 2001 (19.7) (20.0) (17.7) (32.7) (34.7) 25.7 0.568 15.000 0.23047 0.07711Mauritania 2000/01 * * * * (64.1) 57.3 - - 0.05122 0.08065Mozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 (57.7) (66.5) (59.4) (69.8) 81.3 69.7 0.709 139.022 0.04861 0.03225Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 * * * * * 78.9 - - 0.00788 0.03656Niger 1998 * * * * (40.7) 23.4 - - 0.22290 0.11772Nigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 * * * * * 33.3 - - 0.00230 0.10411Rwanda 2000 na na na na na na na na 0.05190 0.10982Senegal 1997 * * * * * (46.3) - - -0.12289 0.10870South Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 * (58.5) (61.9) (70.5) 62.5 64.6 - - -0.01467 0.03090Tanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 na na na na na na na na na naTogo 1998 * * * (44.2) 31.3 35.4 - - 0.05126 0.05919Uganda 1995 * * * (40.2) 50.1 51.9 - - -0.05171 0.04936Uganda 2000/01 * * * * (65.6) 64.3 - - 0.05360 0.04541Zambia 1996 * * (46.2) (57.8) (58.9) 58.7 - - -0.03160 0.04433Zambia 2001 * * (41.4) 47.4 * 51.3 - - -0.01164 0.04536Zimbabwe 1994 * * * * (61.4) 63.5 - - 0.01037 0.04522Zimbabwe 1999 (75.4) * (85.9) (70.1) * 72.8 - - -0.03970 0.02962

G. ALL COUNTRIES na na na na na na na na 0.04625 0.09291




TREATMENT OF GENITAL DISCHARGE, ULCER, SORE AMONG MEN (Cont.)

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B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na na naArmenia 2000 na na na na na na na na -0.07675 0.01581Kazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1999 na na na na na na na na 0.21100 0.14319Kyrgyzstan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1993 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 na na na na na na na na na naUzbekistan 1996 na na na na na na na na na na

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na -0.07983 0.03749Bolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 na na na na na na na na na naBrazil 1996 na na na na na na na na -0.31524 0.12665Colombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 na na na na na na na na -0.01012 0.00968Colombia 2005 4.7 4.6 5.0 4.1 3.8 4.4 1.247 0.931 -0.03876 0.01436Dominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 2002 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na 0.25465 0.07442Haiti 2000 na na na na na na na na -0.03008 0.02352Nicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na -0.07293 0.01658Nicaragua 2001 na na na na na na na na -0.08383 0.01540Paraguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na 0.14466 0.15003Peru 2000 na na na na na na na na 0.06878 0.00750


E. SOUTH ASIA na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1999/2000 na na na na na na na na -0.02544 0.00805Bangladesh 2004 7.7 6.9 10.2 9.5 12.9 9.4 0.595 5.214 0.07136 0.03839India 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 1996 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 2001 na na na na na na na na na naPakistan 1990/91 na na na na na na na na na na


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA na na na na na na na na 0.08614 0.05196Benin 1996 na na na na na na na na 0.09480 0.25836Benin 2001 na na na na na na na na 0.39768 0.05943Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na 0.77768 0.24706Burkina Faso 2003 (31.1) (41.0) 23.7 42.8 74.6 60.4 0.416 105.670 0.20796 0.01831Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na 0.13483 0.07978Cameroon 2004 55.7 48.4 52.0 62.2 70.7 60.7 0.789 14.940 0.08398 0.01426Central African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na 0.01970 0.03442Chad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na 0.26177 0.11348Chad 2004 17.7 29.7 (45.1) 54.6 65.5 45.0 0.270 47.771 0.31570 0.03230Comoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGabon 2000 na na na na na na na na -0.03011 0.01717Ghana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 15.8 27.5 28.0 47.5 53.1 37.8 0.298 37.262 0.24375 0.03209Guinea 1999 na na na na na na na na -0.10748 0.13216Kenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 na na na na na na na na -0.07278 0.07107Kenya 2003 (54.1) 59.1 (62.0) 58.5 72.2 61.7 0.750 126.272 0.05150 0.02712Madagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na -0.13372 0.05837Malawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 na na na na na na na na -0.00874 0.02200Mali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na 0.05412 0.10682Mali 2001 na na na na na na na na 0.08064 0.01096Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNiger 1998 na na na na na na na na -0.19808 0.23476Nigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 19.9 21.2 44.0 49.9 58.1 40.7 0.341 38.289 0.16890 0.03622Rwanda 2000 na na na na na na na na 0.27095 0.05190Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na 0.22760 0.07665South Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na -0.05896 0.05256Tanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 43.3 43.3 49.1 47.9 40.1 44.4 1.079 3.160 -0.00391 0.02998Togo 1998 na na na na na na na na 0.08491 0.10746Uganda 1995 na na na na na na na na -0.05195 0.08960Uganda 2000/01 na na na na na na na na 0.08201 0.01938Zambia 1996 na na na na na na na na -0.08770 0.05784Zambia 2001 na na na na na na na na 0.03235 0.04426Zimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na -0.02636 0.05993Zimbabwe 1999 na na na na na na na na 0.02338 0.03198





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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC na na na na na na na na na naCambodia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naIndonesia 1997 na na na na na na na na na naIndonesia 2002/03 na na na na na na na na na naPhilippines 1998 na na na na na na na na na naPhilippines 2003 * * * * * 32.8 - - 0.07782 0.10532Vietnam 1997 na na na na na na na na na naVietnam 2002 na na na na na na na na na na

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na na naArmenia 2000 * 0.0 0.0 * * * - - -0.11554 0.30578Kazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na 0.01183Kazakhstan 1999 * * * * * * - - 0.46471 0.15771Kyrgyzstan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1993 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 na na na na na na na na na naUzbekistan 1996 na na na na na na na na na na

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 * * * (72.0) (72.0) 62.1 - - 0.01646 0.03295Brazil 1996 (88.5) (50.5) * (66.4) * 56.1 - - -0.05899 0.05626Colombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2005 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 1996 * * * * * (93.1) - - 0.00000 0.00000Dominican Republic 2002 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.5 7.584 0.702 -0.03595 0.12092Guatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na 0.08986 0.04841Haiti 2000 100.0 (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) * 100.0 - - -0.07308 0.03254Nicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na -0.02109 0.04947Nicaragua 2001 na na na na na na na na na naParaguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na 0.23244 0.08131Peru 2000 na na na na na na na na na na


E. SOUTH ASIA na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1999/2000 na na na na na na na na -0.11857 0.03617Bangladesh 2004 16.5 21.5 22.7 18.7 22.5 20.3 0.733 6.012 0.07221 0.03847India 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 1996 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 2001 na na na na na na na na na naPakistan 1990/91 na na na na na na na na na na


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA na na na na na na na na 0.03744 0.06906Benin 1996 na na na na na na na na -0.01154 0.05006Benin 2001 na na na na na na na na 0.18118 0.06058Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 * * * * (84.2) 82.5 - - 0.34205 0.08118Burkina Faso 2003 * * * * (32.6) 32.0 - - 0.09332 0.07916Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 * * (96.3) 87.5 87.9 91.6 - - 0.13905 0.03153Cameroon 2004 (45.1) (52.6) 54.3 52.6 64.2 56.6 0.703 109.308 0.06332 0.02621Central African Republic 1994/95 (94.7) (94.1) (95.2) (100.0) (89.8) 95.3 1.055 4.900 0.00207 0.03972Chad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na 0.19533 0.08568Chad 2004 * * * * * 59.9 - - 0.01435 0.06341Comoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na 0.11877 0.26357Ethiopia 2000 na na na na na na na na -0.03697 0.06427Gabon 2000 na na na na na na na na -0.03004 0.03893Ghana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 (29.6) (36.0) * (31.7) (32.9) 35.8 - - 0.07220 0.05534Guinea 1999 (94.1) (100.0) (93.5) (95.1) (94.5) 95.1 0.996 0.400 -0.02660 0.04480Kenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 * (81.9) (69.5) 78.5 (64.1) 75.5 - - -0.01601 0.04075Kenya 2003 * * * * * 72.1 - - 0.04648 0.03792Madagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 na na na na na na na na 0.02890 0.03678Mali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na 0.06754 0.06093Mali 2001 na na na na na na na na -0.02057 0.04216Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na 0.18707 0.09411Mozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 * * * * * 100.0 - - -0.21766 0.08497Niger 1998 * * * * (62.6) 75.3 - - 0.08877 0.07190Nigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 * * * * * 33.3 - - 0.00280 0.10388Rwanda 2000 na na na na na na na na 0.01786 0.09805Senegal 1997 * * * * * (85.8) - - -0.00238 0.09191South Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 * (72.9) (72.1) (70.0) 47.9 68.9 - - -0.02673 0.04037Tanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 na na na na na na na na na naTogo 1998 * * * (73.5) 67.5 67.2 - - 0.20053 0.04264Uganda 1995 na na na na na na na na 0.06837 0.04627Uganda 2000/01 * * * * (100.0) 100.0 - - 0.07836 0.05545Zambia 1996 na na na na na na na na 0.03429 0.04736Zambia 2001 na na na na na na na na 0.10785 0.04198Zimbabwe 1994 * * * * (8.7) 19.0 - - 0.07762 0.05644Zimbabwe 1999 (92.2) * (97.0) (90.3) * 90.6 - - -0.10842 0.05059





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C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 13.4 17.5 20.4 22.0 24.8 20.3 0.541 11.381 0.26645 0.03839Bolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 na na na na na na na na na naBrazil 1996 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 3.0 6.4 9.4 11.4 14.5 9.5 0.207 11.500 0.22946 0.01617Colombia 2005 9.4 16.8 19.6 19.7 21.8 18.1 0.432 12.413 0.11651 0.00661Dominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 2002 55.8 63.9 66.0 64.0 63.9 63.2 0.873 8.094 0.01900 0.00305Guatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 0.0 0.2 0.5 2.3 4.3 1.8 - 4.300 0.53255 0.15409Nicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 2001 0.9 2.5 5.9 8.3 12.1 6.6 0.074 11.200 0.31643 0.01887Paraguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 2000 0.9 4.0 10.1 16.0 21.8 11.8 0.041 20.900 0.34778 0.00933




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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 4.0 5.8 7.7 11.7 20.6 10.6 0.193 16.631 0.40618 0.02468Benin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 1.3 1.0 2.6 5.1 12.9 5.1 0.101 11.600 0.50525 0.03717Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 5.9 9.7 16.6 28.5 38.2 21.2 0.154 32.283 0.32673 0.01076Central African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naChad 2004 0.2 0.6 0.1 1.8 7.7 2.1 0.021 7.545 0.88057 0.06434Comoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGabon 2000 8.7 14.4 21.8 22.5 33.7 21.3 0.258 25.000 0.21758 0.01386Ghana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 4.7 7.3 9.4 12.0 13.9 9.9 0.338 9.196 0.20531 0.02181Guinea 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 6.5 9.5 12.1 17.5 22.8 14.2 0.285 16.300 0.20501 0.01671Kenya 2003 5.8 9.9 13.2 15.2 24.4 14.7 0.238 18.619 0.29053 0.01451Madagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 4.5 5.5 6.3 9.6 16.4 8.5 0.274 11.900 0.26294 0.01749Mali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na na naMali 2001 0.8 1.0 1.5 3.6 12.0 4.2 0.067 11.200 0.55277 0.03080Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 0.4 1.2 1.4 3.3 12.1 3.9 0.034 11.679 0.69315 0.03255Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 7.6 14.4 18.0 27.2 42.5 23.7 0.179 34.900 0.28935 0.01181Niger 1998 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 1.3 2.3 2.9 7.2 19.3 7.1 0.065 18.052 0.43768 0.02636Rwanda 2000 2.0 1.5 2.7 3.1 13.4 4.8 0.149 11.400 0.66407 0.03236Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 2.0 2.4 2.9 3.7 7.8 4.0 0.256 5.800 0.32291 0.03473Tanzania 1999 3.1 4.9 3.1 7.1 12.5 6.5 0.248 9.400 0.31406 0.03335Tanzania 2004 5.7 6.4 8.0 13.1 29.4 13.7 0.193 23.717 0.28025 0.01443Togo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 2.5 2.9 3.6 6.0 13.2 5.8 0.189 10.700 0.45093 0.03047Uganda 2000/01 2.2 3.2 5.2 8.1 20.3 8.4 0.108 18.100 0.48040 0.02374Zambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 5.7 5.8 6.3 12.6 15.1 9.4 0.377 9.400 0.22424 0.02187Zimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 6.8 8.8 7.7 13.8 18.3 11.8 0.372 11.500 0.18808 0.02106





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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC na na na na na na na na na naCambodia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naIndonesia 1997 na na na na na na na na na naIndonesia 2002/03 na na na na na na na na na naPhilippines 1998 na na na na na na na na na naPhilippines 2003 1.2 1.8 2.3 4.9 7.6 3.6 0.162 6.354 0.35139 0.04490Vietnam 1997 na na na na na na na na na naVietnam 2002 na na na na na na na na na na

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na na naArmenia 2000 4.5 3.5 2.6 5.6 2.9 3.8 1.552 1.600 0.02715 0.06426Kazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1999 19.1 26.2 33.2 44.3 46.6 35.3 0.410 27.500 0.15339 0.01855Kyrgyzstan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1993 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 na na na na na na na na na naUzbekistan 1996 na na na na na na na na na na

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 0.4 1.0 2.9 6.3 13.7 5.3 0.028 13.353 0.49453 0.03518Brazil 1996 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2005 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 2002 30.3 39.5 36.5 47.3 54.1 40.8 0.559 23.824 0.12290 0.01256Guatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 2.1 1.2 4.8 9.2 12.1 5.9 0.174 10.000 0.35727 0.04401Nicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 2001 na na na na na na na na na naParaguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 2000 na na na na na na na na na na




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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 5.8 6.9 8.9 12.6 20.8 11.8 0.278 15.004 0.37844 0.04109Benin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 2.2 2.6 5.8 6.5 14.8 6.8 0.149 12.600 0.41532 0.04554Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 1.8 1.6 3.6 6.7 17.2 7.1 0.102 15.488 0.42545 0.03996Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 5.1 7.6 12.1 17.7 28.8 16.2 0.178 23.674 0.32146 0.01872Central African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naChad 2004 0.6 0.5 1.0 1.2 12.5 3.9 0.045 11.914 0.84328 0.08018Comoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 0.7 1.3 0.0 1.4 6.8 2.1 0.103 6.100 1.00393 0.11962Gabon 2000 12.9 23.9 23.7 30.7 40.3 27.4 0.320 27.400 0.17404 0.02005Ghana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 4.0 4.3 7.5 10.4 16.4 9.1 0.241 12.468 0.30615 0.02634Guinea 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 9.2 14.9 13.4 16.2 25.0 16.8 0.368 15.800 0.15576 0.02436Kenya 2003 9.9 11.2 12.1 13.7 25.2 15.5 0.395 15.242 0.26264 0.02357Madagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 10.9 11.5 14.6 19.1 20.2 15.2 0.540 9.300 0.17273 0.02506Mali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na na naMali 2001 4.6 3.7 3.8 7.0 19.2 8.7 0.240 14.600 0.39834 0.03980Mauritania 2000/01 4.4 3.1 6.4 7.7 16.7 8.9 0.263 12.300 0.37769 0.04595Mozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 0.1 0.3 1.0 5.8 10.0 3.8 0.013 9.881 0.76657 0.06844Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 9.7 13.8 19.8 25.0 43.8 24.6 0.221 34.100 0.26324 0.01866Niger 1998 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 7.2 6.1 11.7 15.4 26.3 14.2 0.274 19.085 0.27297 0.03064Rwanda 2000 na na na na na na na na 0.38975 0.04468Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 6.4 8.3 7.0 13.8 17.3 11.2 0.370 10.900 0.24208 0.03719Tanzania 1999 7.2 11.7 8.5 13.2 18.3 12.2 0.393 11.100 0.14973 0.02463Tanzania 2004 8.1 8.2 10.9 14.6 23.9 13.6 0.339 15.821 0.22052 0.03091Togo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 5.3 7.1 7.6 10.8 19.7 10.5 0.269 14.400 0.32167 0.03868Uganda 2000/01 6.6 8.1 7.5 14.9 21.7 12.0 0.304 15.100 0.27827 0.03686Zambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 8.9 11.6 12.8 19.2 14.9 13.8 0.597 6.000 0.12462 0.03046Zimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 6.4 4.4 6.2 9.9 15.4 9.2 0.416 9.000 0.17343 0.03522





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C. HEALTH, NUTRITION, POPULATION-RELATED BEHAVIOR

Hygienic Practices 161 Disposal of Children's Stools

Sanitary Disposal

Handwashing Wash Hands prior to Preparing Food Handwashing Facilities in Household

Bednet Ownership and Use 167 Bednet Ownership

Bednet Ownership Treated Bednet Ownership

Bednet Use By Children By Pregnant Women

Breastfeeding 175 Exclusive Breastfeeding Timely Complementary Feeding Bottle-Feeding

Micronutrient Consumption 181 Iodized Salt

Availability of Iodized Salt in Household

Vitamin A Children Women

Tobacco and Alcohol Use 187 Tobacco

Women Men

Alcohol Women Men

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Sexual Practices 195 Non-Regular Sexual Partnerships

Women Men

Condom Usage with Non-Regular Partner Women Men

Domestic Violence 203 Ever Experienced Violence Experienced Violence in Past Year

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C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 41.9 60.8 73.1 77.9 77.6 64.8 0.540 35.708 0.14959 0.00483Bolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 45.3 56.3 69.9 85.4 92.0 67.9 0.493 46.670 0.14007 0.00429Brazil 1996 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 33.0 56.1 63.1 61.8 57.5 53.9 0.574 24.500 0.09847 0.00929Colombia 2005 33.9 60.2 61.7 63.4 61.6 55.7 0.550 27.735 0.10562 0.00545Dominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 2002 86.6 92.4 94.5 95.8 96.7 93.2 0.895 10.137 0.03218 0.00232Guatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 2001 24.5 57.8 73.9 73.8 74.3 58.7 0.330 49.800 0.19604 0.00658Paraguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 2000 19.1 37.2 65.6 70.8 63.3 48.3 0.302 44.200 0.27404 0.00551

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naEgypt 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEgypt 2000 na na na na na na na na na naJordan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMorocco 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMorocco 2003/04 30.4 43.3 55.3 71.7 89.3 56.4 0.340 58.886 0.19560 0.00670Yemen 1997 na na na na na na na na na na

E. SOUTH ASIA na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1999/2000 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 2004 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 1996 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 2001 7.3 7.2 15.8 21.4 46.2 17.5 0.158 38.900 0.40938 0.01963Pakistan 1990/91 na na na na na na na na na na

Hygienic PracticesPart III: Intermediate Determinants of HNP Status - Individual and Household Behavior

SANITARY DISPOSAL OF CHILDREN'S STOOLS


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naBenin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 1.7 2.0 7.7 26.7 64.9 18.5 0.026 63.200 0.62166 0.02203Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 4.4 4.0 7.5 20.8 76.7 19.8 0.057 72.341 0.59355 0.01527Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 na na na na na na na na na naCentral African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naChad 2004 na na na na na na na na na naComoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 13.6 16.9 19.1 21.5 46.8 22.5 0.291 33.200 0.36729 0.01375Gabon 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 28.5 56.0 62.2 67.2 77.7 55.8 0.367 49.208 0.21039 0.00926Guinea 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 2003 37.7 61.8 66.8 65.0 66.6 59.1 0.565 28.976 0.10884 0.00736Madagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 70.4 82.2 82.5 86.5 89.7 81.6 0.785 19.300 0.04915 0.00347Mali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na na naMali 2001 na na na na na na na na na naMauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 39.6 47.1 57.2 70.1 83.6 57.6 0.474 43.934 0.15906 0.00575Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 32.8 36.0 37.1 53.3 76.2 46.4 0.430 43.400 0.19284 0.01142Niger 1998 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 38.6 67.0 76.8 82.7 87.8 69.4 0.440 49.152 0.16138 0.00582Rwanda 2000 85.0 82.2 83.6 81.1 84.8 83.0 1.002 0.200 -0.00192 0.00351Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 56.5 70.3 72.2 84.9 92.3 74.6 0.613 35.720 0.08532 0.00453Togo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 59.2 69.0 79.2 87.5 89.8 76.0 0.659 30.600 0.07721 0.00503Zambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 43.6 72.8 85.9 84.1 85.3 74.4 0.511 41.700 0.13425 0.00694



Hygienic Practices

SANITARY DISPOSAL OF CHILDREN'S STOOLS (Cont.)

Part III: Intermediate Determinants of HNP Status - Individual and Household Behavior

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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC na na na na na na na na na naCambodia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naIndonesia 1997 na na na na na na na na na naIndonesia 2002/03 93.2 94.5 96.2 97.7 96.6 95.6 0.966 3.320 0.00856 0.00077Philippines 1998 na na na na na na na na na naPhilippines 2003 97.6 98.1 97.4 96.8 95.8 97.0 1.019 1.830 -0.00453 0.00094Vietnam 1997 na na na na na na na na na naVietnam 2002 na na na na na na na na na na

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na na naArmenia 2000 97.4 95.6 93.9 94.2 95.2 95.2 1.023 2.200 -0.00395 0.00137Kazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKyrgyzstan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1993 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 98.2 98.8 98.7 97.8 99.4 98.6 0.988 1.200 na naUzbekistan 1996 na na na na na na na na na na

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 na na na na na na na na na naBrazil 1996 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2005 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 2002 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 2001 98.1 98.4 98.0 97.4 94.3 97.0 1.040 3.800 -0.00666 0.00095Paraguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 2000 na na na na na na na na na na


E. SOUTH ASIA na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1999/2000 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 2004 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 1996 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 2001 45.4 44.4 40.4 37.6 30.6 39.8 1.484 14.800 -0.08393 0.00736Pakistan 1990/91 na na na na na na na na na na


WASH HANDS PRIOR TO PREPARING FOOD


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naBenin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 87.2 91.4 93.7 95.4 94.2 92.6 0.926 7.000 0.01522 0.00220Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 96.7 97.0 97.2 97.3 96.1 96.8 1.006 0.601 0.00048 0.00098Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 na na na na na na na na na naCentral African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naChad 2004 na na na na na na na na na naComoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 98.7 98.0 97.7 98.0 99.3 98.4 0.994 0.600 0.00210 0.00054Gabon 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 na na na na na na na na na naGuinea 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 2003 na na na na na na na na na naMadagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 96.5 97.7 97.1 97.9 98.6 97.5 0.979 2.100 0.00309 0.00076Mali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na na naMali 2001 90.6 90.1 88.3 89.8 92.7 90.4 0.977 2.100 0.00580 0.00165Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 88.5 85.1 90.2 92.4 93.5 90.3 0.947 5.000 0.01585 0.00239Niger 1998 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 90.8 91.2 91.2 92.4 94.2 92.1 0.964 3.422 0.00569 0.00203Rwanda 2000 87.5 89.5 88.6 88.8 91.9 89.4 0.952 4.400 0.00698 0.00181Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 na na na na na na na na na naTogo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 92.9 96.4 97.3 98.9 98.9 97.0 0.939 6.000 0.00988 0.00130Zambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 90.9 90.0 90.3 91.4 93.2 91.3 0.975 2.300 0.00361 0.00231



Hygienic Practices

WASH HANDS PRIOR TO PREPARING FOOD (Cont.)


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B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na na naArmenia 2000 11.4 34.1 70.2 89.5 96.7 61.7 0.118 85.300 0.31022 0.00375Kazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1999 76.3 87.6 86.1 96.0 99.3 91.7 0.768 23.000 0.04766 0.00273Kyrgyzstan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1993 5.7 19.3 43.3 71.2 92.0 49.2 0.062 86.300 0.37651 0.00398Turkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 60.9 63.7 65.5 67.0 97.7 74.1 0.623 36.800 na naUzbekistan 1996 na na na na na na na na na na

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 na na na na na na na na na naBrazil 1996 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2005 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 2002 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 2001 2.1 34.7 77.2 93.3 99.1 64.2 0.021 97.000 0.33238 0.00227Paraguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 2000 na na na na na na na na na na

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naEgypt 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEgypt 2000 11.7 40.8 71.8 92.2 98.9 67.5 0.118 87.200 0.26567 0.00207Jordan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMorocco 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMorocco 2003/04 na na na na na na na na na naYemen 1997 na na na na na na na na na na



HANDWASHING FACILITY IN HOUSEHOLD


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naBenin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 8.7 1.9 - 8.700 0.89157 0.09419Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 0.5 1.8 2.1 7.2 19.5 6.3 0.026 18.958 0.64222 0.02894Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 na na na na na na na na na naCentral African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naChad 2004 na na na na na na na na na naComoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGabon 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 3.1 2.9 3.0 4.8 22.5 7.6 0.136 19.418 0.49240 0.03433Guinea 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 2003 na na na na na na na na na naMadagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 7.4 10.1 10.2 13.4 22.2 12.4 0.333 14.800 0.26071 0.01549Mali 1995/96 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 - 0.000 na naMali 2001 3.0 4.6 7.3 7.6 19.5 8.2 0.154 16.500 0.36039 0.01946Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNiger 1998 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 27.0 34.5 41.4 47.8 64.3 43.7 0.419 37.348 0.16298 0.00752Rwanda 2000 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.3 0.8 - 4.300 1.20488 0.13313Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 na na na na na na na na na naTogo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 2.2 2.4 3.9 5.3 8.8 4.5 0.250 6.600 0.44084 0.03613Zambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 0.1 0.5 1.1 11.7 34.9 11.5 0.003 34.800 0.63319 0.02523




Hygienic Practices

HANDWASHING FACILITY IN HOUSEHOLD (Cont.)

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Bednet Ownership and UsePart III: Intermediate Determinants of HNP Status - Individual and Household Behavior

BEDNET OWNERSHIP


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 20.8 20.5 21.8 25.3 37.1 25.1 0.561 16.258 0.22725 0.01727Benin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 29.3 29.9 34.6 43.7 63.5 40.4 0.461 34.200 0.17593 0.00921Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 34.1 39.7 37.3 38.6 51.5 40.4 0.662 17.382 0.10572 0.00740Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 14.5 19.0 19.8 24.5 21.8 20.2 0.667 7.253 0.09661 0.01141Central African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naChad 2004 73.4 47.4 59.5 64.5 82.3 64.6 0.892 8.856 0.06555 0.00511Comoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 0.1 0.2 0.6 1.4 2.7 1.1 0.037 2.600 0.69245 0.06665Gabon 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 27.9 23.6 17.2 12.1 11.4 17.6 2.449 16.523 -0.20023 0.01539Guinea 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 2003 11.2 11.4 14.0 24.5 39.3 21.9 0.284 28.148 0.32774 0.01210Madagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 4.1 7.7 7.6 13.9 34.4 13.0 0.119 30.300 0.37185 0.01509Mali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na na naMali 2001 52.7 56.8 50.8 54.1 58.8 54.4 0.896 6.100 0.03348 0.00492Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 12.7 11.0 14.6 13.4 11.7 12.7 1.085 1.000 -0.01856 0.01903Niger 1998 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 23.0 15.5 10.8 8.0 3.3 11.8 7.018 19.716 -0.24975 0.01888Rwanda 2000 2.4 0.3 2.9 3.0 27.3 6.7 0.088 24.900 0.87530 0.03122Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1999 10.2 17.0 19.2 36.8 63.8 30.7 0.160 53.600 0.36692 0.01273Tanzania 2004 26.7 31.5 37.0 50.1 81.8 46.4 0.326 55.136 0.23463 0.00549Togo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 7.0 10.1 6.9 8.0 32.5 13.0 0.215 25.500 0.46588 0.01959Zambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 11.1 19.3 28.4 34.9 48.8 27.2 0.227 37.700 0.29351 0.01136Zimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 2.8 4.2 6.9 10.5 22.1 10.3 0.127 19.300 0.36586 0.02343




Bednet Ownership and Use

BEDNET OWNERSHIP (Cont.)

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C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 na na na na na na na na na naBrazil 1996 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.4 3.500 0.500 -0.27617 0.08087Colombia 2005 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 2002 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 2001 na na na na na na na na na naParaguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 2000 na na na na na na na na na na




TREATED BEDNET OWNERSHIP


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naBenin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 na na na na na na na na na naCentral African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naChad 2004 na na na na na na na na na naComoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.2 - 0.500 0.59382 0.11802Gabon 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 na na na na na na na na na naGuinea 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 2003 na na na na na na na na na naMadagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 0.9 1.0 1.7 1.9 8.0 2.6 0.113 7.100 0.59619 0.03958Mali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na na naMali 2001 na na na na na na na na na naMauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 2.9 1.2 0.6 0.3 0.5 1.0 5.800 2.400 -0.43221 0.08332Niger 1998 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 na na na na na na na na na naRwanda 2000 0.8 0.1 0.8 0.6 4.9 1.3 0.163 4.100 0.66441 0.06924Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1999 0.6 0.2 0.7 1.0 2.3 1.0 0.261 1.700 0.45614 0.10378Tanzania 2004 2.5 4.9 9.0 13.6 40.4 14.2 0.061 37.968 0.40002 0.00765Togo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.750 0.100 0.25605 0.14727Zambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 2.5 5.5 7.0 7.9 10.5 6.4 0.239 7.987 0.26189 0.02795Zimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 na na na na na na na na na na




TREATED BEDNET OWNERSHIP (Cont.)


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C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 na na na na na na na na na naBrazil 1996 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2005 85.2 78.6 77.1 72.6 73.4 79.2 1.160 11.771 -0.04660 0.00518Dominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 2002 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 2001 na na na na na na na na na naParaguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 2000 na na na na na na na na na na




BEDNET USE BY CHILDREN


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 21.5 20.8 22.4 24.9 35.1 24.5 0.612 13.606 0.20516 0.02353Benin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 24.7 24.9 26.1 39.3 57.0 33.8 0.433 32.300 0.19025 0.01428Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 25.0 22.1 21.3 20.5 30.1 23.3 0.829 5.160 0.04757 0.01100Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 5.0 11.0 15.4 20.4 21.5 13.7 0.233 16.516 0.26858 0.01805Central African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naChad 2004 67.0 42.2 49.9 53.6 71.2 55.8 0.942 4.151 0.07178 0.00661Comoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGabon 2000 100.0 100.0 99.7 99.8 100.0 99.9 1.000 0.000 -0.00066 0.00030Ghana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 19.6 17.9 18.4 11.2 10.8 16.2 1.820 8.818 -0.14219 0.02289Guinea 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 2003 8.1 9.3 13.5 20.3 36.3 16.7 0.224 28.209 0.35968 0.02010Madagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 na na na na na na na na na naMali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na na naMali 2001 34.4 38.6 34.9 37.1 48.0 38.3 0.717 13.600 0.07475 0.00861Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 4.7 6.7 9.3 13.4 20.9 10.1 0.225 16.229 0.35565 0.01924Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 11.3 7.4 4.4 4.3 5.5 6.6 2.055 5.800 -0.18399 0.04648Niger 1998 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 11.0 8.7 6.2 4.7 3.3 7.1 3.382 7.773 -0.19265 0.03007Rwanda 2000 1.8 0.2 2.3 1.8 24.7 5.8 0.073 22.900 0.95093 0.04800Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1999 9.4 12.1 12.2 27.8 52.2 22.3 0.180 42.800 0.40054 0.02297Tanzania 2004 17.8 24.1 28.2 40.0 71.3 33.9 0.249 53.518 0.27296 0.00923Togo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 6.3 7.3 5.8 4.9 23.3 9.4 0.270 17.000 0.41014 0.03173Zambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 6.4 12.0 21.2 22.1 29.8 17.7 0.215 23.400 0.29346 0.01998Zimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 0.2 1.0 2.0 4.1 7.3 2.9 0.027 7.100 0.50629 0.06996





BEDNET USE BY CHILDREN (Cont.)

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BEDNET USE BY PREGNANT WOMEN


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 12.1 14.0 13.9 18.6 26.5 16.5 0.459 14.329 0.19170 0.06149Benin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 27.4 31.1 24.3 35.9 53.0 33.2 0.517 25.600 0.12385 0.03246Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 32.0 24.8 23.8 28.6 29.2 27.2 1.098 2.848 0.03738 0.02621Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 5.6 12.3 12.3 19.7 14.1 12.3 0.396 8.532 0.16020 0.04674Central African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naChad 2004 na na na na na na na na na naComoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGabon 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 11.9 8.5 11.8 8.3 5.0 9.6 2.411 6.988 -0.14210 0.09000Guinea 1999 13.9 23.6 20.6 29.1 44.0 25.1 0.316 30.100 0.22185 0.03940Kenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 2003 5.6 6.3 8.7 17.5 27.5 13.3 0.205 21.895 0.39366 0.06319Madagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 2.6 5.7 5.1 7.5 17.8 7.2 0.146 15.200 0.36632 0.07046Mali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na na naMali 2001 33.4 36.6 34.6 36.7 39.4 35.9 0.848 6.000 0.07380 0.01997Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 8.5 6.2 8.2 14.3 23.1 11.0 0.368 14.597 0.31076 0.04907Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 2.9 7.9 0.0 6.6 0.8 3.7 3.625 2.100 0.02673 0.16315Niger 1998 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 10.5 5.9 6.7 3.6 2.7 6.1 3.848 7.787 -0.18245 0.07868Rwanda 2000 4.4 1.6 2.8 4.4 25.1 7.0 0.175 20.700 0.68117 0.09632Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1999 4.6 12.3 11.9 22.1 61.0 19.7 0.075 56.400 0.43165 0.05276Tanzania 2004 12.8 20.0 26.1 39.3 72.2 32.2 0.177 59.350 0.29743 0.02266Togo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 4.5 6.6 5.5 5.5 11.5 6.6 0.391 7.000 0.24558 0.07712Zambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 6.1 13.4 18.5 22.6 31.8 17.4 0.192 25.690 0.26135 0.04690Zimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 na na na na na na na na na na




BEDNET USE BY PREGNANT WOMEN (Cont.)


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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC 37.7 32.4 35.5 34.5 24.5 32.5 1.541 13.228 -0.09077 0.05306Cambodia 2000 14.4 11.6 14.5 16.3 17.9 14.5 0.804 3.500 -0.05634 0.06944Indonesia 1997 51.9 54.5 52.8 58.9 44.1 52.7 1.177 7.800 -0.05152 0.01578Indonesia 2002/03 57.9 58.5 57.4 54.3 35.4 53.6 1.638 22.569 -0.09573 0.01451Philippines 1998 68.4 54.2 38.6 28.6 37.4 47.9 1.829 31.000 -0.16515 0.02637Philippines 2003 60.3 47.4 34.6 32.7 20.1 42.2 2.992 40.117 -0.18528 0.03042Vietnam 1997 (23.5) * * * * 25.4 - - -0.02398 0.07171Vietnam 2002 (18.2) (11.9) * * * 19.5 - - -0.02573 0.09788

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na 25.0 na na -0.09920 0.12075Armenia 2000 * * * * * 44.0 - - -0.13720 0.06558Kazakhstan 1995 * * * * * 12.0 - - -0.30515 0.18715Kazakhstan 1999 * * * * * 46.6 - - 0.02268 0.08208Kyrgyzstan 1997 (18.2) (26.3) * (39.8) * 30.1 - - 0.08039 0.08170Turkey 1993 (12.0) 15.6 12.3 (15.1) (12.9) 13.6 0.930 0.900 -0.00138 0.10217Turkey 1998 10.0 7.9 10.0 (14.8) (3.5) 9.4 2.857 13.500 0.01655 0.11149Turkmenistan 2000 10.6 (20.7) 6.2 (17.0) (27.5) 15.9 0.385 38.100 na naUzbekistan 1996 * * * * * 4.0 - - -0.47844 0.26292

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 48.9 41.1 42.0 35.2 31.3 40.9 1.562 17.589 -0.08390 0.04323Bolivia 1998 71.5 66.0 61.0 49.3 (41.2) 60.4 1.735 112.700 -0.09429 0.02348Bolivia 2003 79.4 60.9 64.7 43.5 31.0 60.1 2.565 48.433 -0.12815 0.02036Brazil 1996 32.7 23.3 (53.8) (41.7) (59.9) 40.6 0.546 92.600 0.13682 0.04134Colombia 1995 11.0 9.9 15.0 (29.4) (17.0) 15.7 0.647 28.000 0.13939 0.08196Colombia 2000 35.2 43.1 34.2 (26.6) (24.0) 33.5 1.467 59.200 -0.10391 0.04945Colombia 2005 59.7 52.3 61.8 61.4 64.4 59.3 0.927 4.717 -0.00170 0.01710Dominican Republic 1996 32.3 20.3 28.3 (20.0) (21.8) 25.5 1.482 54.100 -0.10126 0.05738Dominican Republic 2002 17.7 12.7 19.5 8.6 5.9 13.3 2.984 11.799 -0.15253 0.05870Guatemala 1995 64.1 66.5 42.4 36.3 (16.5) 50.7 3.885 80.600 -0.17816 0.02187Guatemala 1998/99 62.4 49.6 57.4 (29.1) * 45.7 - - -0.18134 0.03277Haiti 1994/95 7.5 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.3 - 7.500 -0.50139 0.20525Haiti 2000 40.2 36.1 28.5 30.6 (15.4) 31.7 2.610 55.600 -0.00036 0.04937Nicaragua 1997/98 40.5 30.5 24.2 27.3 19.3 29.6 2.098 21.200 -0.14040 0.03759Nicaragua 2001 53.0 53.5 24.9 32.7 (14.5) 39.3 3.655 67.500 -0.15273 0.03382Paraguay 1990 7.1 7.3 (6.7) (4.5) 0.0 5.4 - 7.100 -0.18395 0.12247Peru 1996 77.1 69.8 57.4 36.9 42.9 61.5 1.797 34.200 -0.11276 0.01496Peru 2000 87.9 74.2 60.9 64.4 59.4 72.5 1.480 28.500 -0.09111 0.01313

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA 40.0 41.1 38.3 33.5 29.8 37.0 1.340 10.154 -0.05768 0.03126Egypt 1995 71.6 75.3 68.0 68.0 53.2 67.9 1.346 18.400 -0.04608 0.01391Egypt 2000 71.8 74.8 67.5 61.6 56.8 66.9 1.264 15.000 -0.05160 0.01462Jordan 1997 14.4 18.8 15.0 (13.2) (13.6) 15.3 1.059 28.000 -0.06676 0.03836Morocco 1992 81.0 74.6 57.6 (43.9) (16.1) 62.9 5.031 97.100 -0.17650 0.02501Morocco 2003/04 53.4 47.0 47.4 28.7 36.2 43.3 1.472 17.117 -0.06461 0.03562Yemen 1997 20.4 23.8 23.3 30.5 12.7 22.5 1.606 7.700 -0.04778 0.03643


BreastfeedingPart III: Intermediate Determinants of HNP Status - Individual and Household Behavior

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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 34.7 34.8 36.7 35.8 35.6 35.5 0.973 0.963 0.06150 0.07459Benin 1996 4.5 6.1 12.6 (30.0) (30.1) 14.1 0.150 34.600 0.37738 0.08428Benin 2001 49.8 46.8 46.9 53.6 (42.0) 48.2 1.186 91.800 -0.00653 0.03195Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 0.7 2.7 8.0 4.7 15.8 5.3 0.044 15.100 0.54978 0.12534Burkina Faso 2003 16.6 20.6 18.3 23.2 27.7 20.3 0.601 11.025 0.07824 0.04369Cameroon 1991 (8.4) (5.2) (11.6) 7.8 4.1 7.3 2.049 12.500 0.01580 0.14370Cameroon 1998 15.6 (13.1) (18.2) (7.8) 22.9 15.8 0.681 7.300 0.06236 0.09192Cameroon 2004 33.0 34.6 38.0 (25.7) (29.7) 32.7 1.109 62.695 0.02923 0.05068Central African Republic 1994/95 8.6 4.2 0.0 4.0 3.6 4.4 2.389 5.000 -0.22410 0.17185Chad 1996/97 0.0 0.0 1.5 1.3 7.8 2.0 - 7.800 0.90310 0.21681Chad 2004 0.9 1.4 5.3 0.2 1.7 1.8 0.535 0.798 0.06486 0.20528Comoros 1996 (2.9) (3.8) * (8.0) * 4.8 - - 0.34146 0.28594Côte d'Ivoire 1994 0.0 1.2 3.8 8.4 4.5 3.4 - 4.500 0.44509 0.14672Eritrea 1995 64.1 71.5 (64.6) 54.1 72.8 64.9 0.880 8.700 0.01742 0.02455Ethiopia 2000 63.3 67.5 65.0 64.6 45.6 62.4 1.388 17.700 -0.07100 0.01745Gabon 2000 5.9 9.7 (9.3) (5.1) (5.1) 6.9 1.157 11.000 -0.02175 0.11653Ghana 1993 5.6 7.8 (7.1) (7.3) (17.2) 8.3 0.326 22.800 0.16295 0.13401Ghana 1998 19.2 (34.2) (38.1) (53.4) * 36.0 - - 0.18546 0.04850Ghana 2003 (62.3) (46.6) (60.6) * * 61.7 - - 0.03689 0.03329Guinea 1999 8.5 15.3 9.8 19.2 7.7 12.3 1.104 0.800 0.01491 0.07057Kenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 15.2 21.0 20.1 13.4 16.2 16.9 0.938 1.000 -0.01514 0.06725Kenya 2003 21.9 18.1 15.5 14.3 17.4 17.6 1.259 4.504 -0.05048 0.06771Madagascar 1997 57.4 60.3 63.4 64.1 64.9 61.1 0.884 7.500 0.01991 0.02189Malawi 1992 2.5 4.2 5.8 2.2 0.0 3.3 - 2.500 -0.21226 0.13224Malawi 2000 52.7 62.8 62.4 65.6 71.7 62.7 0.735 19.000 0.06635 0.01514Mali 1995/96 10.9 13.5 12.8 13.7 10.4 12.3 1.048 0.500 -0.05762 0.06027Mali 2001 38.0 32.2 26.5 24.0 17.9 28.2 2.123 20.100 -0.11521 0.02956Mauritania 2000/01 27.8 18.6 (31.8) 30.5 29.6 27.5 0.939 1.800 0.06660 0.05325Mozambique 1997 17.1 26.9 60.3 49.9 58.3 37.8 0.293 41.200 0.13556 0.03380Mozambique 2003 46.9 34.1 35.1 43.8 26.8 38.2 1.749 20.089 -0.04892 0.02872Namibia 1992 31.0 30.2 20.2 (5.4) (18.6) 21.8 1.667 49.600 -0.13172 0.06845Namibia 2000 (100.0) 100.0 95.9 96.5 (84.7) 96.1 1.181 15.300 -0.02388 0.00721Niger 1998 0.9 0.0 0.0 1.5 3.1 1.0 0.290 2.200 0.48498 0.33069Nigeria 1990 1.9 3.7 0.0 0.7 0.4 1.4 4.750 1.500 -0.41063 0.24303Nigeria 2003 14.8 6.8 27.0 31.9 33.7 22.2 0.438 18.955 0.25516 0.05453Rwanda 2000 88.9 89.4 93.9 94.0 78.7 89.5 1.130 10.200 -0.03355 0.01073Senegal 1997 12.7 8.6 16.9 13.5 18.8 14.0 0.676 6.100 0.16419 0.06441South Africa 1998 15.4 11.9 10.1 3.0 (10.5) 10.3 1.467 25.900 -0.04806 0.09648Tanzania 1996 46.9 48.2 38.6 41.6 24.2 40.5 1.938 22.700 -0.09772 0.03314Tanzania 1999 53.2 * (34.3) (56.5) 28.3 39.7 - - -0.04010 0.04504Tanzania 2004 57.6 58.4 51.1 54.2 54.8 55.0 1.050 2.734 -0.04031 0.02262Togo 1998 7.3 13.8 14.9 12.5 34.0 15.2 0.215 26.700 0.26519 0.07186Uganda 1995 71.0 76.3 78.1 71.5 53.9 70.4 1.317 17.100 -0.06331 0.01962Uganda 2000/01 72.6 88.8 73.1 78.8 58.7 74.9 1.237 13.900 -0.04433 0.01673Zambia 1996 12.5 24.4 14.2 36.5 52.4 25.9 0.239 39.900 0.25408 0.04572Zambia 2001 38.8 49.0 49.3 62.7 (70.3) 52.4 0.552 109.100 0.11871 0.02727Zimbabwe 1994 9.9 24.1 (13.9) 13.9 (22.8) 16.3 0.434 32.700 0.03251 0.08095Zimbabwe 1999 36.3 34.5 38.2 (44.2) (46.4) 39.6 0.782 82.700 0.04241 0.04585

G. ALL COUNTRIES 38.4 36.8 38.2 35.9 32.9 36.4 1.165 5.427 -0.00857 0.06530


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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC 78.0 69.6 65.7 62.1 63.5 71.8 1.228 14.487 -0.04807 0.01677Cambodia 2000 75.2 65.6 73.8 66.8 70.7 70.3 1.064 4.500 -0.01214 0.01527Indonesia 1997 80.5 81.9 89.6 86.4 71.2 82.1 1.131 9.300 0.00092 0.00818Indonesia 2002/03 76.3 69.9 75.2 76.0 71.5 73.6 1.066 4.729 -0.01349 0.01048Philippines 1998 81.2 69.8 49.3 40.5 36.3 58.6 2.237 44.900 -0.16373 0.02046Philippines 2003 68.7 73.3 48.2 43.5 31.3 56.7 2.195 37.420 -0.12805 0.02095Vietnam 1997 (86.5) (82.7) (94.7) (86.5) (70.7) 84.6 1.223 15.800 -0.02553 0.01956Vietnam 2002 (91.6) * * * (80.3) 86.4 - - -0.03861 0.02039

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA 48.5 63.9 na na na 58.2 na na 0.03701 0.04569Armenia 2000 (20.4) (61.2) * * * 42.7 - - 0.10941 0.06249Kazakhstan 1995 * * * * * 59.8 - - -0.09693 0.04622Kazakhstan 1999 * * * * * 64.0 - - -0.00365 0.04595Kyrgyzstan 1997 (70.7) (70.8) * * * 68.0 - - -0.04123 0.03364Turkey 1993 50.7 39.7 42.3 43.0 * 44.7 - - 0.02759 0.03941Turkey 1998 26.2 31.4 39.9 (26.5) (49.9) 33.7 0.525 76.100 0.07604 0.05705Turkmenistan 2000 (63.7) (82.9) 74.1 71.3 * 70.4 - - na naUzbekistan 1996 (61.7) (73.0) (72.9) (61.5) (86.8) 70.4 0.711 25.100 0.04446 0.02932

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 64.3 58.7 59.8 60.2 41.9 58.1 1.533 22.332 -0.05385 0.02458Bolivia 1998 68.7 68.7 83.8 69.8 (54.8) 70.3 1.254 123.500 0.00014 0.01829Bolivia 2003 na na na na na na na na na naBrazil 1996 29.2 28.7 27.0 (35.9) (37.2) 30.6 0.785 66.400 0.05587 0.04781Colombia 1995 81.4 56.3 58.2 44.3 (59.6) 61.9 1.366 141.000 -0.09677 0.02480Colombia 2000 72.6 61.2 52.8 (56.2) (52.4) 59.8 1.385 125.000 -0.06255 0.02484Colombia 2005 68.4 59.7 60.6 60.6 41.6 60.1 1.645 26.824 -0.07339 0.01545Dominican Republic 1996 53.3 45.2 (23.6) (31.6) (27.4) 38.5 1.945 80.700 -0.16426 0.04581Dominican Republic 2002 47.5 38.7 33.2 33.7 14.0 35.8 3.383 33.455 -0.16211 0.02931Guatemala 1995 49.0 51.5 70.2 50.8 (61.5) 55.7 0.797 110.500 0.00776 0.02031Guatemala 1998/99 63.5 60.2 68.2 (54.7) * 61.1 - - -0.04564 0.02597Haiti 1994/95 91.7 86.4 (84.5) (89.0) * 84.8 - - -0.04046 0.01762Haiti 2000 80.0 68.4 79.4 88.8 59.7 74.1 1.340 20.300 -0.04265 0.01717Nicaragua 1997/98 69.6 57.7 58.7 49.5 60.3 60.0 1.154 9.300 -0.05652 0.02106Nicaragua 2001 73.2 75.1 66.2 68.0 (52.0) 67.5 1.408 125.200 -0.05873 0.02264Paraguay 1990 81.7 66.2 (65.8) 54.0 (31.4) 62.7 2.602 113.100 -0.13479 0.02391Peru 1996 68.8 74.4 74.7 79.7 65.7 72.5 1.047 3.100 0.01241 0.01142Peru 2000 70.5 72.7 78.2 85.9 57.5 73.2 1.226 13.000 0.03064 0.01441

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA 55.6 54.8 57.5 59.0 55.9 56.8 0.995 0.290 0.00542 0.02203Egypt 1995 59.2 64.8 72.3 74.1 80.6 69.5 0.734 21.400 0.07345 0.01398Egypt 2000 42.2 48.7 45.6 52.1 47.7 47.4 0.885 5.500 0.01152 0.02124Jordan 1997 66.4 57.4 71.0 59.4 62.4 63.7 1.064 4.000 -0.00256 0.02617Morocco 1992 40.5 46.4 31.1 (27.5) 25.0 35.3 1.620 15.500 -0.11273 0.04012Morocco 2003/04 69.6 68.0 56.0 60.1 50.4 61.8 1.380 19.141 -0.06467 0.02320Yemen 1997 44.3 45.2 57.3 64.3 63.1 54.4 0.702 18.800 0.07741 0.01751



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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 65.7 70.5 72.0 71.9 70.0 70.4 0.939 4.268 0.02623 0.01956Benin 1996 79.1 86.3 85.7 90.5 (81.5) 84.8 0.971 160.600 0.01311 0.01407Benin 2001 57.1 63.9 71.5 65.4 (72.1) 65.3 0.792 129.200 0.04610 0.02350Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 36.0 42.8 49.3 58.4 70.3 49.8 0.512 34.300 0.13749 0.02724Burkina Faso 2003 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1991 (84.3) (73.4) (82.5) (76.4) 70.0 77.4 1.204 154.300 -0.03595 0.01981Cameroon 1998 72.5 (63.1) (76.0) 75.6 80.1 73.0 0.905 7.600 0.03920 0.02126Cameroon 2004 na na na na na na na na na naCentral African Republic 1994/95 91.6 93.2 93.8 95.0 93.1 93.4 0.984 1.500 0.00442 0.00920Chad 1996/97 55.0 78.4 74.1 72.9 77.4 71.2 0.711 22.400 0.04375 0.01641Chad 2004 (54.1) 62.1 71.8 76.8 76.0 69.4 0.712 130.186 0.05751 0.02071Comoros 1996 * (92.6) (86.8) * * 86.9 - - 0.01653 0.02280Côte d'Ivoire 1994 61.2 69.6 73.3 61.3 63.6 66.2 0.962 2.400 0.01430 0.02069Eritrea 1995 (20.9) 35.9 (49.7) 61.5 70.7 44.9 0.296 91.600 0.21624 0.03526Ethiopia 2000 37.8 41.6 45.5 44.2 44.8 42.4 0.844 7.000 0.03879 0.02662Gabon 2000 65.1 65.5 72.2 (70.5) (33.6) 63.9 1.938 98.700 -0.02721 0.02749Ghana 1993 (40.0) 23.6 38.9 39.3 (36.6) 35.5 1.093 3.400 0.01330 0.04799Ghana 1998 53.3 58.1 (69.8) (80.8) (66.6) 64.5 0.800 119.900 0.09539 0.02641Ghana 2003 na na na na na na na na na naGuinea 1999 25.2 35.1 23.2 23.8 33.0 27.9 0.764 7.800 0.01921 0.05116Kenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 86.1 94.6 84.8 94.1 86.1 89.3 1.000 0.000 -0.00786 0.01320Kenya 2003 na na na na na na na na na naMadagascar 1997 84.7 90.7 88.4 85.6 94.6 88.2 0.895 9.900 0.02075 0.01091Malawi 1992 86.6 80.3 88.4 94.0 90.0 87.2 0.962 3.400 0.01651 0.01207Malawi 2000 95.3 93.5 91.5 91.2 95.2 93.4 1.001 0.100 0.00060 0.00531Mali 1995/96 23.6 27.9 36.8 32.9 45.8 33.0 0.515 22.200 0.11806 0.03301Mali 2001 30.1 24.9 27.7 35.8 44.3 32.4 0.679 14.200 0.07033 0.02937Mauritania 2000/01 45.6 50.4 65.7 75.9 86.4 63.5 0.528 40.800 0.11348 0.02182Mozambique 1997 90.7 86.5 94.5 72.4 75.2 84.5 1.206 15.500 -0.01541 0.01112Mozambique 2003 76.3 75.5 84.4 80.8 70.5 77.6 1.083 5.849 -0.00252 0.01259Namibia 1992 (68.8) 72.8 68.5 73.1 (40.0) 65.8 1.720 28.800 -0.05042 0.02933Namibia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNiger 1998 74.5 69.1 76.4 63.0 77.3 71.5 0.964 2.800 0.00660 0.01571Nigeria 1990 50.4 43.0 56.3 54.9 57.2 51.7 0.881 6.800 0.00750 0.02228Nigeria 2003 na na na na na na na na na naRwanda 2000 75.3 82.0 80.8 79.3 73.6 78.7 1.023 1.700 -0.00177 0.01247Senegal 1997 54.4 65.3 62.1 73.2 59.7 62.2 0.911 5.300 0.07290 0.02241South Africa 1998 62.8 81.7 65.5 57.8 (28.3) 62.3 2.219 91.100 -0.06116 0.02651Tanzania 1996 85.8 91.6 78.9 94.4 91.6 87.9 0.937 5.800 0.00440 0.01071Tanzania 1999 (59.5) (55.0) (68.3) (75.4) (64.5) 63.8 0.922 5.000 0.03576 0.02772Tanzania 2004 89.0 86.2 81.1 92.0 95.2 88.0 0.935 6.238 0.00993 0.00764Togo 1998 89.8 86.0 94.2 89.8 81.8 88.4 1.098 8.000 0.00404 0.01044Uganda 1995 55.8 62.1 68.8 64.9 69.7 63.8 0.801 13.900 0.01660 0.01945Uganda 2000/01 79.2 74.1 79.3 74.6 63.9 74.6 1.239 15.300 -0.02727 0.01497Zambia 1996 94.0 90.3 87.4 97.1 (97.2) 93.6 0.967 191.200 0.00479 0.00716Zambia 2001 85.2 85.6 86.2 89.4 (94.5) 87.4 0.902 179.700 0.01282 0.01044Zimbabwe 1994 93.5 94.3 92.2 (87.5) (97.1) 93.0 0.963 190.600 -0.00204 0.00989Zimbabwe 1999 (89.9) (97.6) (85.4) (94.4) (86.8) 90.6 1.036 3.100 -0.00124 0.01182

G. ALL COUNTRIES 61.9 64.5 64.9 64.6 62.2 64.1 0.996 0.229 0.01025 0.02355


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B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA 35.7 32.9 37.3 42.6 50.6 38.9 0.706 14.900 0.09739 0.03926Armenia 2000 53.8 38.4 31.6 (41.1) (51.1) 43.7 1.053 104.900 -0.02679 0.03864Kazakhstan 1995 50.5 45.8 (50.9) 50.7 (87.9) 54.2 0.575 138.400 0.11573 0.03188Kazakhstan 1999 32.8 (32.8) 49.7 (54.4) (46.7) 42.1 0.702 79.500 0.16114 0.04399Kyrgyzstan 1997 25.9 20.8 23.5 29.0 57.5 29.2 0.450 31.600 0.13986 0.05012Turkey 1993 31.4 42.5 41.5 40.0 44.3 39.5 0.709 12.900 0.02679 0.02736Turkey 1998 44.4 45.2 54.4 62.2 63.6 52.5 0.698 19.200 0.08965 0.02085Turkmenistan 2000 26.1 28.0 34.6 32.5 38.2 31.6 0.683 12.100 na naUzbekistan 1996 31.4 32.1 29.8 36.1 46.7 34.2 0.672 15.300 0.12311 0.04273

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 37.1 44.8 50.7 59.1 68.4 49.8 0.542 31.277 0.14256 0.01619Bolivia 1998 23.4 29.6 38.7 45.3 62.0 36.4 0.377 38.600 0.17272 0.01990Bolivia 2003 18.8 26.8 32.1 41.5 57.5 32.6 0.327 38.691 0.17528 0.01980Brazil 1996 62.1 76.4 59.3 66.6 56.7 64.6 1.095 5.400 -0.00547 0.01350Colombia 1995 67.0 81.5 79.7 74.4 76.8 75.7 0.872 9.800 0.02572 0.01137Colombia 2000 56.9 41.2 45.0 50.0 46.1 47.7 1.234 10.800 -0.01255 0.01860Colombia 2005 45.3 51.9 47.3 56.2 61.5 51.1 0.736 16.197 0.06838 0.01102Dominican Republic 1996 79.0 81.2 81.7 90.2 85.7 82.8 0.922 6.700 0.03804 0.00928Dominican Republic 2002 75.5 81.0 86.4 83.9 86.8 82.2 0.870 11.308 0.04404 0.00659Guatemala 1995 22.5 22.5 28.0 37.9 68.1 31.4 0.330 45.600 0.19703 0.02055Guatemala 1998/99 31.0 26.2 30.4 58.9 71.4 40.8 0.434 40.400 0.14487 0.02336Haiti 1994/95 11.8 19.7 20.2 30.2 48.6 22.8 0.243 36.800 0.25308 0.04218Haiti 2000 14.2 21.6 21.8 39.1 65.9 29.9 0.215 51.700 0.26417 0.02561Nicaragua 1997/98 62.7 74.7 72.3 80.8 84.8 73.4 0.739 22.100 0.05926 0.00866Nicaragua 2001 38.6 41.9 67.7 66.9 75.1 55.8 0.514 36.500 0.14616 0.01436Paraguay 1990 37.6 53.4 71.2 72.8 82.7 60.4 0.455 45.100 0.15786 0.01492Peru 1996 19.7 30.9 42.5 56.3 62.7 37.4 0.314 43.000 0.19658 0.01255Peru 2000 10.7 24.4 39.8 46.0 57.7 31.1 0.185 47.000 0.28771 0.01655


E. SOUTH ASIA 10.6 12.3 15.7 20.6 35.5 18.1 0.298 24.898 0.30764 0.04209Bangladesh 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1999/2000 15.0 15.1 14.8 28.7 31.7 20.0 0.473 16.700 0.20348 0.03341Bangladesh 2004 12.5 17.6 21.5 24.8 39.6 22.4 0.317 27.090 0.22850 0.02969India 1992/93 5.9 8.6 12.7 17.5 31.7 14.2 0.186 25.800 0.44448 0.01448India 1998/99 8.9 10.0 13.1 21.6 32.1 16.0 0.277 23.200 0.32732 0.01353Nepal 1996 1.2 2.2 4.2 4.5 10.5 4.1 0.114 9.300 0.39457 0.08679Nepal 2001 1.8 2.5 3.0 1.7 12.8 3.6 0.141 11.000 0.43996 0.10078Pakistan 1990/91 19.1 19.1 25.3 34.3 57.4 30.5 0.333 38.300 0.23477 0.02437


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 6.5 8.4 10.5 13.1 24.6 11.9 0.262 18.184 0.44040 0.08064Benin 1996 0.0 2.2 1.9 9.7 14.4 4.5 - 14.400 0.54976 0.09623Benin 2001 2.0 1.6 2.3 6.0 28.0 6.5 0.071 26.000 0.59874 0.09021Burkina Faso 1992/93 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.0 8.1 1.5 - 8.087 1.21210 0.22742Burkina Faso 1998/99 0.0 0.4 0.0 1.1 4.5 1.0 - 4.500 0.95288 0.26060Burkina Faso 2003 0.4 0.2 0.9 0.6 6.8 1.3 0.058 6.386 0.65158 0.15424Cameroon 1991 3.2 8.5 4.7 19.8 35.6 14.3 0.090 32.400 0.56027 0.06054Cameroon 1998 8.6 16.3 16.4 27.2 29.0 18.3 0.297 20.400 0.27749 0.04349Cameroon 2004 1.5 3.7 11.8 20.3 36.9 13.0 0.040 35.397 0.51770 0.05771Central African Republic 1994/95 0.4 0.0 0.5 1.2 3.4 1.1 0.118 3.000 0.52196 0.22836Chad 1996/97 0.4 0.0 1.5 1.6 11.9 3.0 0.034 11.500 1.02694 0.12422Chad 2004 0.4 2.9 0.7 0.5 12.4 3.4 0.031 12.023 0.98911 0.13385Comoros 1996 6.7 15.7 24.4 22.4 46.7 21.5 0.143 40.000 0.34319 0.05363Côte d'Ivoire 1994 1.4 1.2 2.0 4.2 10.8 3.3 0.130 9.400 0.44071 0.10160Eritrea 1995 0.1 5.4 0.0 3.6 18.3 4.3 0.005 18.200 0.62804 0.12980Ethiopia 2000 7.8 9.7 13.6 13.3 34.4 14.5 0.227 26.600 0.39531 0.03794Gabon 2000 22.9 35.3 43.9 41.5 56.8 39.3 0.403 33.900 0.16316 0.02417Ghana 1993 15.5 12.1 25.8 25.7 33.9 21.7 0.457 18.400 0.18731 0.04295Ghana 1998 12.9 22.4 28.5 26.2 26.1 22.0 0.494 13.200 0.17787 0.03656Ghana 2003 7.6 11.9 12.4 12.3 15.0 11.2 0.505 7.435 0.18485 0.06005Guinea 1999 7.0 4.4 7.4 7.7 16.2 8.1 0.432 9.200 0.20655 0.06478Kenya 1993 11.9 7.9 13.9 9.9 23.2 12.7 0.516 11.205 0.18118 0.05265Kenya 1998 20.7 19.6 25.2 27.2 33.7 25.2 0.614 13.000 0.11729 0.03209Kenya 2003 22.8 24.2 23.9 33.2 35.2 27.5 0.648 12.373 0.11475 0.02579Madagascar 1997 1.5 0.6 1.1 3.9 14.2 3.1 0.106 12.700 0.76441 0.12814Malawi 1992 0.7 2.7 5.0 6.0 15.8 5.4 0.044 15.100 0.59813 0.08966Malawi 2000 0.6 2.0 1.2 2.4 9.8 2.9 0.061 9.200 0.46290 0.08104Mali 1995/96 1.5 1.1 1.8 4.0 8.8 3.2 0.170 7.300 0.49126 0.09322Mali 2001 2.0 2.8 1.9 3.2 12.4 4.2 0.161 10.400 0.40410 0.07102Mauritania 2000/01 4.5 4.7 4.0 9.8 21.0 8.6 0.214 16.500 0.39764 0.07145Mozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 0.9 5.7 6.0 11.3 28.8 8.8 0.031 27.897 0.52304 0.05027Namibia 1992 21.4 26.8 26.8 40.0 55.4 33.8 0.386 34.000 0.17335 0.02974Namibia 2000 18.6 31.6 45.2 55.8 74.4 43.5 0.250 55.800 0.21142 0.02013Niger 1998 2.1 3.4 2.1 3.2 9.3 3.9 0.226 7.200 0.37885 0.09273Nigeria 1990 10.7 16.7 25.1 30.3 60.7 27.0 0.176 50.000 0.37752 0.02095Nigeria 2003 12.1 15.0 16.7 21.2 29.8 18.6 0.408 17.647 0.19393 0.03297Rwanda 2000 4.5 4.4 4.1 5.5 25.2 8.5 0.179 20.700 0.62521 0.06175Senegal 1997 0.0 0.0 1.4 3.8 10.4 2.7 - 10.400 0.48107 0.10334South Africa 1998 50.0 46.2 56.6 63.6 85.1 57.7 0.588 35.100 0.07690 0.01506Tanzania 1996 7.5 7.0 8.0 8.4 12.5 8.5 0.600 5.000 0.10119 0.05440Tanzania 1999 6.8 4.3 5.7 5.5 24.6 8.6 0.276 17.800 0.34167 0.08862Tanzania 2004 1.6 1.4 2.6 2.1 17.0 4.2 0.096 15.392 0.87771 0.10268Togo 1998 3.5 5.4 3.4 9.6 9.5 5.9 0.368 6.000 0.22694 0.06764Uganda 1995 6.9 2.5 4.7 8.3 18.7 8.0 0.369 11.800 0.35269 0.06212Uganda 2000/01 1.8 2.1 4.6 5.3 13.6 5.0 0.132 11.800 0.54845 0.08084Zambia 1996 1.5 2.7 2.3 5.6 8.6 3.9 0.174 7.100 0.38631 0.09929Zambia 2001 1.5 0.7 2.2 5.3 13.5 3.9 0.111 12.000 0.48438 0.10620Zimbabwe 1994 2.9 6.0 4.8 6.1 16.3 6.6 0.178 13.400 0.30666 0.08883Zimbabwe 1999 1.2 2.2 6.6 8.5 19.9 7.7 0.060 18.700 0.35891 0.09102

G. ALL COUNTRIES 17.1 19.9 23.4 27.8 39.0 24.4 0.438 21.934 0.31278 0.05528


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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC na na na na na na na na na naCambodia 2000 10.7 8.5 8.0 10.6 32.8 13.9 0.326 22.100 0.13699 0.01734Indonesia 1997 na na na na na na na na na naIndonesia 2002/03 na na na na na na na na na naPhilippines 1998 13.4 12.0 16.4 22.5 35.7 19.8 0.375 22.300 0.19911 0.01121Philippines 2003 na na na na na na na na na naVietnam 1997 na na na na na na na na na naVietnam 2002 na na na na na na na na na na


C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 1998 9.2 10.1 9.3 9.0 7.7 9.1 1.195 1.500 -0.01824 0.01670Bolivia 2003 na na na na na na na na na naBrazil 1996 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2005 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 2002 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1995 98.8 99.4 98.6 98.7 97.5 98.5 1.013 1.300 -0.00279 0.00078Guatemala 1998/99 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1.000 0.000 na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 8.7 14.9 15.4 12.7 7.8 11.9 1.115 0.900 -0.03359 0.08702Nicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 2001 na na na na na na na na na naParaguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 2000 92.0 95.5 98.9 99.5 99.3 97.0 0.926 7.300 0.01488 0.00066

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naEgypt 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEgypt 2000 39.7 44.5 47.8 55.6 80.8 55.9 0.491 41.100 0.16221 0.00349Jordan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMorocco 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMorocco 2003/04 na na na na na na na na na naYemen 1997 89.9 88.2 88.1 92.3 95.5 91.5 0.941 5.600 0.01845 0.00251

E. SOUTH ASIA na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1999/2000 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 2004 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1998/99 33.0 37.4 42.5 55.9 81.5 49.9 0.405 48.500 0.21737 0.00167Nepal 1996 55.8 60.2 62.4 63.5 81.4 64.7 0.686 25.600 0.07324 0.00443Nepal 2001 na na na na na na na na na naPakistan 1990/91 na na na na na na na na na na

Micronutrient ConsumptionPart III: Intermediate Determinants of HNP Status - Individual and Household Behavior

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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 51.0 52.6 54.3 56.5 63.9 55.7 0.798 12.900 0.06006 0.00732Benin 1996 67.1 80.5 80.7 81.8 82.2 78.7 0.816 15.100 0.03643 0.00501Benin 2001 81.3 75.2 73.0 67.0 62.1 71.6 1.309 19.200 -0.05286 0.00500Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 35.8 40.4 45.5 52.7 64.3 47.5 0.557 28.460 0.11696 0.00619Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 81.0 79.7 79.4 82.5 86.0 81.8 0.941 5.071 0.01990 0.00290Central African Republic 1994/95 30.3 32.0 33.0 21.5 19.7 28.2 1.538 10.600 -0.08142 0.01354Chad 1996/97 55.3 60.1 58.6 62.6 77.4 62.8 0.714 22.100 0.07175 0.00527Chad 2004 34.2 70.7 74.6 79.2 78.3 65.9 0.438 44.021 0.13514 0.00542Comoros 1996 60.8 64.8 72.1 71.3 58.2 65.6 1.045 2.600 -0.00128 0.01083Côte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 24.3 22.7 25.8 29.5 38.2 28.4 0.636 13.900 0.10928 0.00754Gabon 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 20.4 25.8 26.2 27.7 36.0 27.6 0.567 15.600 0.09964 0.01184Ghana 2003 8.8 13.0 20.0 31.1 63.4 28.2 0.139 54.617 0.34664 0.01101Guinea 1999 14.0 9.5 11.3 12.3 23.1 13.8 0.606 9.100 0.12577 0.02481Kenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 2003 na na na na na na na na na naMadagascar 1997 75.1 67.9 72.2 88.0 91.5 78.9 0.821 16.400 0.05993 0.00333Malawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 46.9 48.4 50.7 54.4 65.0 53.0 0.722 18.100 0.06335 0.00473Mali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na na naMali 2001 40.2 35.2 29.9 33.7 51.9 37.2 0.775 11.700 0.00179 0.00894Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 58.3 50.7 55.4 52.6 51.4 53.7 1.135 6.949 -0.01346 0.00478Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 50.0 58.4 53.9 51.4 71.6 57.5 0.698 21.600 0.09045 0.00633Niger 1998 75.4 72.4 71.6 70.3 80.2 73.7 0.940 4.800 0.01158 0.00417Nigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 94.2 96.5 96.1 98.6 98.4 96.8 0.957 4.197 0.00789 0.00138Rwanda 2000 na na na na na na na na na naSenegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1999 52.1 60.0 61.7 71.3 86.0 66.9 0.606 33.900 0.07391 0.00676Tanzania 2004 24.8 28.4 33.3 48.1 76.5 43.1 0.324 51.685 0.17183 0.00658Togo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 1996 91.4 91.7 91.6 91.9 87.3 90.9 1.047 4.100 -0.00702 0.00237Zambia 2001 82.9 81.3 79.6 72.3 70.8 77.3 1.171 12.100 -0.03036 0.00432Zimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 na na na na na na na na na na



Micronutrient Consumption

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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC 50.8 58.9 62.6 65.8 72.9 60.9 0.697 22.112 0.08405 0.00601Cambodia 2000 24.4 27.5 29.2 30.2 51.4 30.8 0.475 27.000 0.13035 0.01088Indonesia 1997 na na na na na na na na na naIndonesia 2002/03 62.9 75.7 78.0 82.6 79.9 75.3 0.788 16.977 0.05292 0.00287Philippines 1998 67.1 78.2 80.7 81.9 73.8 75.6 0.909 6.700 0.04448 0.00446Philippines 2003 65.0 73.6 80.5 84.5 87.3 76.5 0.744 22.360 0.06889 0.00429Vietnam 1997 na na na na na na na na na naVietnam 2002 na na na na na na na na na na

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na na naArmenia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1999 13.9 19.1 27.2 39.8 39.9 26.5 0.348 26.000 0.25840 0.02821Kyrgyzstan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1993 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 13.1 15.3 12.8 13.0 26.8 15.8 0.489 13.700 na naUzbekistan 1996 na na na na na na na na na na

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 31.0 34.4 34.9 35.2 34.8 33.9 0.892 3.764 -0.03965 0.01376Bolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 53.3 56.9 57.1 59.5 63.2 57.3 0.842 9.984 0.02829 0.00544Brazil 1996 19.9 12.2 9.8 3.8 3.0 11.2 6.633 16.900 -0.29972 0.02603Colombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2005 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 2002 25.4 29.3 32.2 35.8 37.8 31.5 0.672 12.397 0.07894 0.00931Guatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 13.3 9.6 11.0 14.2 13.6 12.2 0.978 0.300 0.03664 0.03153Haiti 2000 25.5 34.1 34.0 35.4 27.3 31.4 0.934 1.800 0.07546 0.01267Nicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 2001 52.0 67.3 70.6 71.8 72.2 65.3 0.720 20.200 0.07900 0.00587Paraguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 2000 10.0 6.7 5.7 5.0 5.1 6.9 1.961 4.900 -0.19985 0.02324

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naEgypt 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEgypt 2000 10.1 9.6 11.5 15.1 16.6 12.6 0.608 6.500 0.13540 0.01576Jordan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMorocco 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMorocco 2003/04 20.3 22.9 29.9 28.7 28.3 25.6 0.715 8.079 0.07634 0.01332Yemen 1997 na na na na na na na na na na

E. SOUTH ASIA 56.7 58.8 59.9 62.3 62.9 59.8 0.902 6.177 0.07570 0.00544Bangladesh 1996/97 66.3 68.2 75.4 75.7 76.3 71.9 0.869 10.000 0.04036 0.00517Bangladesh 1999/2000 73.5 78.1 81.1 84.0 83.1 79.3 0.884 9.600 0.03156 0.00405Bangladesh 2004 74.5 79.2 77.9 80.3 83.1 78.6 0.897 8.532 0.02122 0.00394India 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1998/99 8.8 10.0 14.2 16.3 19.4 13.3 0.454 10.600 0.20522 0.00942Nepal 1996 26.6 33.8 43.3 31.7 25.6 32.2 1.039 1.000 0.00834 0.01407Nepal 2001 86.8 87.3 87.5 90.2 86.2 87.6 1.007 0.600 0.00066 0.00297Pakistan 1990/91 na na na na na na na na na na


VITAMIN A CONSUMPTION AMONG CHILDREN


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 35.0 36.1 37.6 43.0 50.0 39.7 0.699 15.061 0.09691 0.01500Benin 1996 9.6 4.5 4.7 1.2 2.0 4.7 4.800 7.600 -0.39331 0.06408Benin 2001 9.1 12.3 14.2 24.8 37.4 18.3 0.243 28.300 0.28668 0.02027Burkina Faso 1992/93 5.0 5.5 4.2 6.2 19.7 7.8 0.252 14.716 0.45526 0.05208Burkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 23.4 28.9 29.6 36.4 47.6 32.2 0.490 24.277 0.11998 0.00902Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 32.2 36.3 36.5 42.6 50.7 38.8 0.636 18.465 0.09964 0.00930Central African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 0.5 0.3 1.1 1.9 1.0 0.9 0.500 0.500 0.18834 0.07564Chad 2004 33.7 30.5 22.8 33.5 53.9 34.5 0.626 20.189 0.16443 0.01245Comoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGabon 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 29.6 19.4 19.7 23.3 23.6 23.5 1.254 6.000 -0.11052 0.02200Ghana 2003 72.7 70.0 75.5 77.2 84.1 75.1 0.864 11.434 0.02436 0.00556Guinea 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1993 28.3 28.5 32.6 38.1 44.4 33.7 0.638 16.078 0.08287 0.01603Kenya 1998 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 2003 28.1 31.1 29.4 35.3 36.6 31.8 0.769 8.432 0.07250 0.01180Madagascar 1997 2.4 2.6 1.5 2.0 3.2 2.3 0.750 0.800 0.11710 0.08262Malawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 68.9 70.7 71.8 75.2 66.5 70.6 1.036 2.400 0.00251 0.00408Mali 1995/96 1.7 0.5 0.8 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.700 0.700 0.05610 0.10409Mali 2001 34.3 34.6 39.3 42.0 56.2 40.9 0.610 21.900 0.11069 0.00775Mauritania 2000/01 50.9 57.5 57.5 66.1 78.0 61.5 0.653 27.100 0.09082 0.00756Mozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 38.7 42.2 49.3 58.3 69.7 50.0 0.555 30.991 0.12251 0.00620Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 40.8 40.3 37.9 34.7 38.6 38.4 1.057 2.200 0.00768 0.01294Niger 1998 6.5 7.0 5.8 9.9 17.8 9.2 0.365 11.300 0.21673 0.03388Nigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 21.2 17.2 23.6 43.0 62.2 32.5 0.341 41.003 0.24194 0.01287Rwanda 2000 38.1 31.1 33.7 29.2 20.1 29.7 1.896 18.000 -0.09384 0.01079Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1999 7.9 13.1 9.7 12.8 20.9 12.5 0.378 13.000 0.33045 0.03640Tanzania 2004 36.1 42.2 44.8 52.2 56.5 45.6 0.639 20.376 0.05415 0.00797Togo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 39.9 39.7 44.2 43.6 48.8 42.9 0.818 8.900 0.04466 0.00881Zambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 52.6 55.1 60.1 68.3 72.8 60.9 0.722 20.228 0.06188 0.00616Zimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 na na na na na na na na na na

G. ALL COUNTRIES 35.2 37.5 39.3 43.1 47.9 40.0 0.734 12.730 0.07442 0.01346




VITAMIN A CONSUMPTION AMONG CHILDREN (Cont.)

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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC 25.7 28.6 32.3 36.2 44.5 32.7 0.578 18.801 0.13127 0.01224Cambodia 2000 7.0 7.3 7.6 12.1 25.0 10.7 0.280 18.000 0.22761 0.02243Indonesia 1997 na na na na na na na na na naIndonesia 2002/03 32.7 35.8 43.4 49.2 54.3 42.7 0.602 21.625 0.09177 0.00527Philippines 1998 na na na na na na na na na naPhilippines 2003 37.5 42.8 46.0 47.2 54.3 44.8 0.691 16.778 0.07444 0.00902Vietnam 1997 na na na na na na na na na naVietnam 2002 na na na na na na na na na na


C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 16.7 21.4 23.3 24.1 28.0 22.4 0.598 11.263 0.15006 0.01976Bolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 24.2 30.1 34.7 30.7 37.0 30.9 0.655 12.746 0.07057 0.01046Brazil 1996 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2005 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 2002 23.8 24.4 24.1 22.9 26.1 24.2 0.913 2.269 0.02628 0.01147Guatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 1.3 2.8 4.7 8.2 13.2 5.7 0.098 11.900 0.35620 0.04722Haiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 18.3 22.2 24.3 26.3 32.1 24.5 0.570 13.800 0.17348 0.01647Nicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 2001 16.0 27.6 28.7 32.5 31.6 26.7 0.506 15.600 0.12377 0.01317Paraguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 2000 na na na na na na na na na na


E. SOUTH ASIA na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1999/2000 8.4 12.6 14.7 20.4 28.0 15.9 0.300 19.600 0.24737 0.01819Bangladesh 2004 8.5 8.9 14.7 17.9 25.9 14.6 0.329 17.377 0.26908 0.02025India 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 1996 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 2001 4.3 7.0 9.6 11.8 24.1 10.3 0.178 19.800 0.32510 0.02597Pakistan 1990/91 na na na na na na na na na na


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 17.0 19.1 20.9 26.0 34.2 23.0 0.496 17.219 0.16777 0.01669Benin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 11.1 16.9 15.6 22.1 39.9 20.2 0.278 28.800 0.23669 0.02055Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 9.4 15.6 16.3 16.5 26.0 16.5 0.364 16.517 0.17007 0.01538Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 18.2 26.4 28.2 36.8 36.2 28.5 0.502 18.023 0.14294 0.01247Central African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naChad 2004 na na na na na na na na na naComoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 9.7 7.9 8.4 13.2 21.9 11.8 0.443 12.200 0.23100 0.02009Gabon 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 30.5 21.1 26.9 30.6 34.1 28.3 0.894 3.600 -0.03204 0.02011Ghana 2003 40.7 39.7 39.7 48.3 51.0 43.3 0.799 10.261 0.02891 0.01257Guinea 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 2003 9.7 13.6 11.9 13.9 21.9 14.3 0.442 12.251 0.13922 0.02269Madagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 37.9 39.5 42.9 43.8 45.7 41.7 0.829 7.800 0.04970 0.00757Mali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na na naMali 2001 9.5 13.3 13.4 22.2 32.1 17.7 0.296 22.600 0.23305 0.01429Mauritania 2000/01 17.1 21.8 27.9 32.5 39.3 27.5 0.435 22.200 0.19783 0.01626Mozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 15.8 16.2 20.9 19.6 34.0 20.8 0.465 18.218 0.20330 0.01441Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 34.5 29.4 32.0 33.4 37.7 33.4 0.915 3.200 0.03547 0.01545Niger 1998 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 10.4 10.5 13.8 24.5 45.4 19.8 0.228 35.054 0.29472 0.02016Rwanda 2000 11.3 12.3 14.1 14.5 16.8 13.9 0.673 5.500 0.03689 0.01949Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1999 7.9 11.8 9.7 11.1 14.3 10.9 0.552 6.400 0.04244 0.03039Tanzania 2004 11.3 14.5 16.3 24.0 37.1 20.2 0.306 25.773 0.19313 0.01548Togo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 5.6 7.5 9.4 14.5 21.7 11.3 0.258 16.100 0.31771 0.02540Zambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 18.9 20.9 24.2 36.0 39.9 27.5 0.474 21.000 0.17362 0.01474Zimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 na na na na na na na na na na




VITAMIN A CONSUMPTION AMONG WOMEN (Cont.)


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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC 11.4 8.2 6.7 5.2 3.2 6.7 3.535 8.202 -0.24833 0.01937Cambodia 2000 18.7 14.4 11.0 7.9 2.1 10.5 8.905 16.600 -0.47965 0.01559Indonesia 1997 na na na na na na na na na naIndonesia 2002/03 2.3 1.5 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.1 1.013 0.031 -0.08336 0.02406Philippines 1998 na na na na na na na na na naPhilippines 2003 13.3 8.6 7.0 5.7 5.3 7.6 2.507 7.975 -0.18198 0.01844Vietnam 1997 na na na na na na na na na naVietnam 2002 na na na na na na na na na na

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na na naArmenia 2000 0.4 0.8 1.2 3.4 8.2 3.1 0.049 7.800 0.42774 0.04333Kazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1999 2.0 3.3 4.7 13.8 14.1 8.5 0.142 12.100 0.39154 0.02861Kyrgyzstan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1993 6.7 8.7 15.5 19.8 34.1 18.1 0.196 27.400 0.31968 0.01538Turkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 na na na na na na na na na naUzbekistan 1996 na na na na na na na na na na

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 na na na na na na na na na naBrazil 1996 2.9 3.6 4.7 4.6 4.1 4.0 0.707 1.200 0.04858 0.02343Colombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2005 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 2002 13.3 11.1 8.1 7.0 5.7 8.6 2.336 7.626 -0.20045 0.01278Guatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 8.3 3.5 5.2 3.7 2.8 4.4 2.964 5.500 -0.23708 0.03025Nicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 2001 2.1 3.2 4.1 5.5 9.4 5.3 0.223 7.300 0.23874 0.02234Paraguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 2000 na na na na na na na na na na

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naEgypt 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEgypt 2000 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.333 0.400 0.04182 0.08385Jordan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMorocco 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMorocco 2003/04 na na na na na na na na na naYemen 1997 na na na na na na na na na na

E. SOUTH ASIA na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1999/2000 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 2004 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1998/99 20.9 15.4 12.4 8.8 4.3 12.3 4.860 16.600 -0.26388 0.00539Nepal 1996 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 2001 41.3 35.1 29.6 24.0 12.4 28.8 3.331 28.900 -0.19746 0.00922Pakistan 1990/91 na na na na na na na na na na

Tobacco and Alcohol UsePart III: Intermediate Determinants of HNP Status - Individual and Household Behavior

TOBACCO USE AMONG WOMEN


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naBenin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 8.9 4.7 2.7 1.1 0.2 3.2 44.500 8.700 -0.54557 0.04708Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 8.6 7.6 6.8 5.1 1.4 5.7 5.954 7.124 -0.29455 0.02100Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 3.2 2.7 1.9 0.9 1.1 1.9 2.962 2.121 -0.30290 0.04734Central African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naChad 2004 na na na na na na na na na naComoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGabon 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.751 0.098 -0.28874 0.24532Guinea 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 2003 6.1 3.0 2.2 0.8 1.4 2.5 4.455 4.764 -0.36169 0.04869Madagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 4.0 2.7 2.4 2.2 0.8 2.4 5.000 3.200 -0.24641 0.03143Mali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na na naMali 2001 na na na na na na na na na naMauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 12.5 11.0 7.1 3.4 2.0 7.1 6.367 10.511 -0.27432 0.01808Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 10.2 7.2 7.0 9.1 15.3 10.1 0.667 5.100 0.11359 0.02473Niger 1998 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 1.9 1.0 1.2 0.6 0.6 1.0 3.455 1.362 -0.34531 0.07086Rwanda 2000 11.0 10.8 9.4 8.2 3.6 8.3 3.056 7.400 -0.19402 0.01644Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 3.7 1.9 1.8 0.3 0.3 1.5 13.448 3.451 -0.54262 0.05337Togo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 6.0 4.9 3.9 2.0 0.4 3.3 15.000 5.600 -0.42110 0.03951Zambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 7.1 3.7 1.8 1.5 0.2 2.7 35.500 6.900 -0.49184 0.04544Zimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 1.5 1.6 0.8 1.1 1.6 1.3 0.938 0.100 -0.04057 0.07272




Tobacco and Alcohol Use

TOBACCO USE AMONG WOMEN (Cont.)

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B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na na naArmenia 2000 69.2 67.3 68.3 68.5 64.8 67.5 1.068 4.400 -0.00915 0.00983Kazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na 0.01183Kazakhstan 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKyrgyzstan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1993 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 na na na na na na na na na naUzbekistan 1996 na na na na na na na na na na

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 na na na na na na na na na naBrazil 1996 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2005 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 2002 23.5 16.0 13.5 12.7 7.3 15.1 3.211 16.191 -0.22333 0.02613Guatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 18.0 20.1 19.9 11.4 11.6 16.1 1.552 6.400 -0.13402 0.02395Nicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 2001 na na na na na na na na na naParaguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 2000 na na na na na na na na na na


E. SOUTH ASIA na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1999/2000 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 2004 72.0 63.0 59.1 53.3 49.7 58.7 1.449 22.314 -0.08300 0.00677India 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 1996 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 2001 75.7 81.9 75.3 72.7 60.7 73.1 1.247 15.000 -0.04625 0.00769Pakistan 1990/91 na na na na na na na na na na


TOBACCO USE AMONG MEN


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naBenin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 na na na na na na na na na naCentral African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naChad 2004 na na na na na na na na na naComoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGabon 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 21.5 12.9 8.5 6.6 5.7 10.5 3.774 15.838 -0.33069 0.02516Guinea 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 2003 22.8 24.7 22.7 28.9 23.7 24.7 0.964 0.852 0.00402 0.01652Madagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 31.1 25.0 22.3 21.7 19.6 24.0 1.587 11.500 -0.12013 0.01788Mali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na na naMali 2001 na na na na na na na na na naMauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 37.2 33.4 32.0 21.8 14.2 27.2 2.613 22.957 -0.20907 0.01738Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 29.6 23.3 24.2 31.1 31.7 28.3 0.934 2.100 0.00346 0.01861Niger 1998 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 12.3 11.9 9.0 10.8 6.2 9.8 1.997 6.146 -0.15399 0.03963Rwanda 2000 na na na na na na na na na naSenegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 26.7 24.1 24.5 20.8 15.6 22.0 1.714 11.118 -0.10172 0.02198Togo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 36.7 28.3 26.1 21.3 14.4 25.2 2.549 22.300 -0.16781 0.02140Zambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 37.3 28.0 26.9 27.8 16.2 26.4 2.302 21.100 -0.14836 0.02059Zimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 na na na na na na na na na na





TOBACCO USE AMONG MEN (Cont.)

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B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na na naArmenia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1999 9.1 11.9 16.2 27.9 27.5 19.9 0.331 18.400 0.22953 0.01794Kyrgyzstan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1993 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 na na na na na na na na na naUzbekistan 1996 na na na na na na na na na na

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 na na na na na na na na na naBrazil 1996 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2005 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 2002 4.5 6.0 5.7 5.4 4.9 5.3 0.920 0.392 -0.00854 0.01525Guatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 4.4 2.0 1.9 1.1 1.1 1.9 4.000 3.300 -0.31397 0.04834Nicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 2001 na na na na na na na na na naParaguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 2000 na na na na na na na na na na




ALCOHOL USE AMONG WOMEN


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naBenin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 2.4 2.3 1.5 2.9 3.5 2.6 0.686 1.100 0.07616 0.04686Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 2.1 1.7 1.8 1.2 0.9 1.5 2.350 1.222 -0.23184 0.04481Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 na na na na na na na na na naCentral African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naChad 2004 na na na na na na na na na naComoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGabon 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 na na na na na na na na na naGuinea 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 2003 na na na na na na na na na naMadagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 2.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.8 1.667 1.000 -0.04529 0.03910Mali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na na naMali 2001 na na na na na na na na na naMauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 4.3 4.3 4.1 3.9 6.2 4.6 0.692 1.905 -0.00991 0.02502Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNiger 1998 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.572 0.047 0.09191 0.17070Rwanda 2000 2.5 1.9 2.2 1.7 1.4 1.9 1.786 1.100 -0.10057 0.03827Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 na na na na na na na na na naTogo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 6.8 7.4 5.6 3.9 5.3 5.8 1.283 1.500 -0.04616 0.02876Zambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 3.0 3.0 2.6 4.5 3.8 3.4 0.789 0.800 0.06678 0.03625Zimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 2.3 1.5 1.9 3.5 3.0 2.5 0.767 0.700 0.08733 0.04703




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B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na na naArmenia 2000 10.7 6.3 6.5 8.6 4.7 7.2 2.277 6.000 -0.11959 0.04981Kazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na 0.01183Kazakhstan 1999 30.1 37.2 36.1 37.5 30.3 34.1 0.993 0.200 0.00791 0.02052Kyrgyzstan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1993 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 na na na na na na na na na naUzbekistan 1996 na na na na na na na na na na

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 na na na na na na na na na naBrazil 1996 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2005 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 2002 22.8 21.7 21.4 22.3 21.4 22.0 1.068 1.462 0.00171 0.02148Guatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 5.8 2.9 2.1 2.8 3.6 3.5 1.611 2.200 -0.07562 0.06752Nicaragua 1997/98 72.2 69.7 66.0 64.7 61.4 66.4 1.176 10.800 -0.03292 0.00761Nicaragua 2001 na na na na na na na na na naParaguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 2000 na na na na na na na na na na




ALCOHOL USE AMONG MEN


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naBenin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 3.2 3.8 3.2 1.6 4.8 3.5 0.673 1.576 -0.04101 0.05264Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 na na na na na na na na na naCentral African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naChad 2004 na na na na na na na na na naComoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGabon 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 na na na na na na na na na naGuinea 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 2003 na na na na na na na na na naMadagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 25.4 19.9 19.0 19.3 25.0 22.0 1.016 0.400 -0.02215 0.02048Mali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na na naMali 2001 na na na na na na na na na naMauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 26.1 20.9 16.0 21.6 30.4 23.7 0.858 4.322 0.02184 0.02159Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 22.8 21.7 20.8 31.1 33.8 27.0 0.675 11.000 0.08903 0.01771Niger 1998 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 4.9 3.7 3.6 2.9 4.4 3.9 1.094 0.418 -0.06671 0.06812Rwanda 2000 na na na na na na na na -0.01452 0.02153Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 na na na na na na na na na naTogo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 32.4 24.3 23.0 20.4 14.6 22.8 2.219 17.800 -0.10738 0.02405Zambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 29.3 20.0 21.7 28.1 25.0 25.0 1.172 4.300 -0.01799 0.01976




ALCOHOL USE AMONG MEN (Cont.)


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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC na na na na na na na na na naCambodia 2000 na na na na na na na na 1.67880 0.65668Indonesia 1997 na na na na na na na na na naIndonesia 2002/03 na na na na na na na na na naPhilippines 1998 na na na na na na na na na naPhilippines 2003 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 - 0.047 0.64860 0.55646Vietnam 1997 na na na na na na na na na naVietnam 2002 na na na na na na na na na na

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na na naArmenia 2000 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 - 0.100 -0.36815 0.24040Kazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1999 0.4 1.9 2.0 5.9 5.0 3.4 0.080 4.600 0.34615 0.04372Kyrgyzstan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1993 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 na na na na na na na na na naUzbekistan 1996 na na na na na na na na na na

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 3.3 3.9 4.3 4.0 4.6 4.1 0.714 1.301 0.02958 0.03159Bolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 1.3 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.079 0.096 -0.00822 0.04939Brazil 1996 10.1 13.4 15.5 15.1 18.2 14.7 0.555 8.100 0.09182 0.01265Colombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 2.6 4.3 3.8 4.3 4.0 3.9 0.650 1.400 0.06113 0.02626Colombia 2005 4.3 5.6 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.9 0.904 0.457 -0.00314 0.01527Dominican Republic 1996 0.8 0.9 0.3 0.7 0.3 0.6 2.667 0.500 -0.15192 0.07838Dominican Republic 2002 3.7 3.7 3.0 2.2 2.6 3.0 1.405 1.056 -0.10428 0.02532Guatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 0.6 1.0 2.3 1.4 0.7 1.2 0.857 0.100 0.10707 0.04811Nicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 2001 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.1 0.692 0.400 0.04287 0.04792Paraguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 - 0.100 0.09471 0.13281Peru 2000 1.9 2.1 2.8 2.8 3.1 2.6 0.613 1.200 0.08095 0.02247



Sexual PracticesPart III: Intermediate Determinants of HNP Status - Individual and Household Behavior

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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 2.3 2.8 3.0 3.8 3.9 3.2 0.587 1.601 0.14357 0.06275Benin 1996 0.9 1.0 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.6 4.500 0.700 -0.22415 0.10104Benin 2001 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.3 2.3 1.3 0.261 1.700 0.27176 0.07121Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 1.2 1.6 1.2 1.1 1.9 1.4 0.632 0.700 0.05951 0.05884Burkina Faso 2003 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.6 1.0 0.5 0.167 0.864 0.28894 0.07507Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 6.4 6.6 9.4 7.6 8.8 7.8 0.727 2.400 0.05921 0.02593Cameroon 2004 1.1 2.8 4.0 5.1 6.6 4.1 0.166 5.520 0.24447 0.02860Central African Republic 1994/95 2.1 2.3 1.4 2.9 2.7 2.3 0.778 0.600 0.08168 0.04876Chad 1996/97 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.375 0.500 0.36747 0.10465Chad 2004 0.0 0.4 0.4 2.1 1.6 0.9 - 1.618 0.42735 0.07770Comoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 - 0.300 0.37958 0.14633Gabon 2000 19.2 23.0 21.8 16.5 15.9 19.2 1.208 3.300 -0.04786 0.01438Ghana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.442 0.439 0.20672 0.10525Guinea 1999 2.4 2.3 2.5 3.7 3.7 2.9 0.649 1.300 0.10427 0.04027Kenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 1.6 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.9 2.667 1.000 -0.21515 0.07414Kenya 2003 0.7 1.2 1.0 1.4 1.1 1.1 0.637 0.417 0.03694 0.05547Madagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.600 0.200 0.03709 0.07018Mali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na na naMali 2001 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.7 1.9 0.8 0.211 1.500 0.39783 0.06790Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 4.2 7.7 5.0 8.2 7.8 6.5 0.540 3.569 0.04260 0.02134Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 0.8 1.4 1.2 2.1 0.5 1.2 1.600 0.300 -0.06837 0.05817Niger 1998 1.2 1.2 1.0 2.3 5.3 2.2 0.226 4.100 0.42463 0.05071Nigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 0.5 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.771 0.136 0.06511 0.08848Rwanda 2000 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 - 0.300 0.35098 0.15383Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 4.3 5.3 7.3 8.3 3.3 5.8 1.303 1.000 -0.02448 0.01945Tanzania 1996 11.1 12.9 13.6 11.8 16.4 13.3 0.677 5.300 0.04516 0.01640Tanzania 1999 9.1 10.8 14.4 12.5 17.7 13.3 0.514 8.600 0.03191 0.01826Tanzania 2004 1.6 1.9 2.2 2.6 2.9 2.3 0.536 1.349 0.02480 0.03833Togo 1998 8.0 8.5 13.4 22.7 28.0 17.3 0.286 20.000 0.27171 0.01352Uganda 1995 2.0 1.5 2.3 2.3 1.7 2.0 1.176 0.300 -0.01945 0.04715Uganda 2000/01 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.000 0.000 0.08224 0.08934Zambia 1996 1.0 0.6 1.0 1.1 0.6 0.8 1.667 0.400 -0.10082 0.07048Zambia 2001 1.8 1.3 1.4 1.1 0.3 1.1 6.000 1.500 -0.22175 0.05996Zimbabwe 1994 3.8 5.9 4.7 7.2 6.3 5.7 0.603 2.500 0.09703 0.03128Zimbabwe 1999 2.0 1.5 1.8 2.4 1.0 1.7 2.000 1.000 -0.07423 0.04911

G. ALL COUNTRIES 2.3 2.8 3.1 3.7 3.8 3.2 0.599 1.529 0.17101 0.09299


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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC na na na na na na na na na naCambodia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naIndonesia 1997 na na na na na na na na na naIndonesia 2002/03 na na na na na na na na na naPhilippines 1998 na na na na na na na na na naPhilippines 2003 1.3 2.5 3.1 3.2 4.8 3.0 0.283 3.414 0.24817 0.06437Vietnam 1997 na na na na na na na na na naVietnam 2002 na na na na na na na na na na

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na na naArmenia 2000 8.1 9.7 14.2 13.2 15.4 12.4 0.526 7.300 0.10992 0.03587Kazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na 0.01183Kazakhstan 1999 23.7 17.2 23.1 22.3 24.5 22.3 0.967 0.800 0.03203 0.03053Kyrgyzstan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1993 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 na na na na na na na na na naUzbekistan 1996 na na na na na na na na na na

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 4.7 7.3 6.1 8.1 12.7 8.0 0.367 8.015 0.15975 0.02735Brazil 1996 38.9 41.8 42.9 39.1 42.0 41.0 0.926 3.100 0.00596 0.01307Colombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2005 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na 0.00909 0.01770Dominican Republic 2002 31.0 26.5 33.1 29.8 30.0 30.1 1.033 0.979 0.00577 0.01906Guatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 7.5 10.5 16.3 15.3 12.4 12.6 0.605 4.900 0.09921 0.03547Haiti 2000 14.9 17.8 19.0 18.5 21.6 18.3 0.690 6.700 0.11218 0.02275Nicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 2001 na na na na na na na na na naParaguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 6.4 6.3 9.2 8.2 8.3 7.9 0.771 1.900 0.10052 0.04087Peru 2000 na na na na na na na na na na


E. SOUTH ASIA na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1999/2000 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 2004 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 1996 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 2001 0.2 1.9 2.1 0.8 3.0 1.6 0.067 2.800 0.19301 0.09506Pakistan 1990/91 na na na na na na na na na na


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 11.9 12.7 13.8 16.2 18.5 14.9 0.646 6.524 0.14164 0.03538Benin 1996 25.1 26.0 31.2 30.5 37.4 30.3 0.671 12.300 0.08803 0.01769Benin 2001 11.8 11.6 13.2 21.4 25.0 17.1 0.472 13.200 0.18096 0.02533Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 8.1 16.5 17.7 20.7 32.9 20.7 0.246 24.800 0.26933 0.02206Burkina Faso 2003 2.1 4.0 4.5 4.1 13.4 6.4 0.160 11.281 0.32405 0.03995Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 17.6 29.9 31.2 32.1 36.0 30.2 0.489 18.400 0.09434 0.01700Cameroon 2004 na na na na na na na na na naCentral African Republic 1994/95 1.7 2.0 1.8 4.0 4.0 2.7 0.425 2.300 0.17196 0.08262Chad 1996/97 6.6 13.5 18.2 20.5 29.9 19.1 0.221 23.300 0.23205 0.02431Chad 2004 na na na na na na na na na naComoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 0.0 2.4 4.8 5.7 15.9 6.7 - 15.900 0.49451 0.06759Ethiopia 2000 7.5 4.2 9.8 9.6 11.8 8.6 0.636 4.300 0.17463 0.03530Gabon 2000 59.8 68.4 65.1 64.3 69.2 65.7 0.864 9.400 0.02151 0.00950Ghana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 4.9 6.5 9.6 8.0 8.1 7.5 0.600 3.252 0.10499 0.02579Guinea 1999 15.8 11.5 12.4 12.1 11.5 12.6 1.374 4.300 -0.04853 0.03396Kenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 20.9 22.1 20.6 22.7 20.3 21.3 1.030 0.600 -0.00612 0.01962Kenya 2003 8.1 10.1 4.9 10.0 13.0 9.6 0.624 4.880 0.12819 0.02901Madagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 8.3 6.4 9.4 8.9 12.6 9.2 0.659 4.300 0.09671 0.03320Mali 1995/96 8.1 10.7 16.1 20.7 39.3 19.9 0.206 31.200 0.32034 0.02457Mali 2001 2.4 4.4 6.2 8.5 12.1 7.1 0.198 9.700 0.27446 0.03869Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 15.4 22.3 26.8 37.6 41.4 29.0 0.372 25.984 0.18390 0.01804Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 11.7 16.0 17.3 20.5 20.4 17.9 0.574 8.700 0.07511 0.02412Niger 1998 8.7 6.6 12.3 11.3 22.0 12.8 0.395 13.300 0.27287 0.02649Nigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 6.7 6.3 7.1 8.8 6.0 7.0 1.113 0.680 0.04475 0.04516Rwanda 2000 na na na na na na na na 0.30133 0.05981Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 24.8 26.7 26.2 27.7 35.5 28.6 0.699 10.700 0.07145 0.01919Tanzania 1999 32.7 30.6 31.5 32.0 32.2 31.8 1.016 0.500 -0.01136 0.01249Tanzania 2004 20.1 23.0 19.1 25.4 23.7 22.3 0.849 3.570 -0.03127 0.02284Togo 1998 14.8 18.9 20.4 25.0 24.2 21.0 0.612 9.400 0.08884 0.01743Uganda 1995 14.3 16.4 16.7 19.6 25.8 18.9 0.554 11.500 0.11483 0.02680Uganda 2000/01 7.0 6.4 7.0 9.5 14.1 8.9 0.496 7.100 0.22620 0.04407Zambia 1996 29.3 31.1 29.3 23.6 25.3 27.4 1.158 4.000 -0.05877 0.02266Zambia 2001 20.5 13.7 12.6 18.5 13.0 15.5 1.577 7.500 -0.02996 0.03146Zimbabwe 1994 2.1 4.8 4.0 4.8 3.7 4.0 0.568 1.600 0.02341 0.05657Zimbabwe 1999 11.2 9.9 11.5 10.7 7.6 10.0 1.474 3.600 -0.08073 0.03253



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B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na na naArmenia 2000 * * * 0.0 0.0 * - - 0.39372 0.12680Kazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1999 * * * 28.1 30.8 35.6 - - -0.07481 0.06081Kyrgyzstan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1993 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 * * * * * * - - na naUzbekistan 1996 na na na na na na na na na na

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 17.1 25.1 29.5 31.8 42.3 29.0 0.406 25.130 0.24608 0.05518Bolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 (2.4) (9.1) (16.4) (15.4) 35.6 18.2 0.069 37.999 0.38809 0.09511Brazil 1996 19.3 29.5 31.1 39.0 38.0 33.1 0.508 18.700 0.11690 0.01833Colombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 (20.1) 24.2 29.5 34.3 44.0 32.1 0.457 64.100 0.14282 0.03850Colombia 2005 26.4 38.2 45.4 54.0 60.5 46.4 0.437 34.073 0.13478 0.01691Dominican Republic 1996 * * * * * (27.9) - - 0.18163 0.14954Dominican Republic 2002 32.8 48.1 48.0 36.2 56.6 44.7 0.579 23.825 0.06796 0.03151Guatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 * * * (32.2) * 18.3 - - 0.50049 0.08481Nicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 2001 * (10.3) (19.7) (13.7) (31.7) 19.6 - - 0.28345 0.10261Paraguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 * * * * * * - - 0.09187 0.14778Peru 2000 4.8 15.3 16.8 32.1 31.3 23.1 0.153 26.500 0.23090 0.03696




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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA na na na na na 33.2 na na 0.27507 0.09848Benin 1996 * * * * * (13.2) - - 0.44167 0.32450Benin 2001 * * * * (30.4) 20.3 - - 0.37083 0.10625Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 * * * * (39.3) 22.7 - - 0.16336 0.12596Burkina Faso 2003 * * * * (80.0) 61.1 - - 0.17282 0.04899Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 8.4 (5.1) 11.8 17.4 28.0 15.6 0.300 19.600 0.27923 0.06623Cameroon 2004 * (40.5) 49.8 68.5 77.5 63.6 - - 0.15006 0.02014Central African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 * * * * * (13.8) - - 0.73372 0.24225Chad 2004 * * * * na (9.6) - - 1.02891 0.38925Comoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 * * * * * * - - 0.09770 0.21497Gabon 2000 15.6 28.6 34.7 34.1 40.2 31.4 0.388 24.600 0.14671 0.02377Ghana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 * * * * * (46.0) - - 0.14650 0.09657Guinea 1999 (5.5) (3.6) (19.6) 14.9 35.4 18.1 0.155 40.900 0.36575 0.07859Kenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 * * * * * 25.6 - - 0.24021 0.10595Kenya 2003 * * * * * 28.1 - - 0.26627 0.08171Madagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 * * * * * 24.1 - - 0.32663 0.14559Mali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na na naMali 2001 * * * * 34.1 22.3 - - 0.31693 0.08418Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 8.7 6.4 8.4 13.9 48.9 20.9 0.178 40.178 0.46889 0.04395Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 * * * * * 67.8 - - 0.14358 0.04262Niger 1998 * * * (0.7) 22.6 12.6 - - 0.41732 0.10652Nigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 * * * * * (29.9) - - 0.02527 0.15189Rwanda 2000 * * * * * * - - 0.33156 0.17915Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 9.4 14.0 24.5 25.2 27.0 21.3 0.348 17.600 0.17580 0.04356Tanzania 1996 7.3 11.7 13.0 13.1 30.5 17.1 0.239 23.200 0.25291 0.04137Tanzania 1999 21.8 14.0 15.4 16.1 36.0 22.8 0.606 14.200 0.22737 0.04752Tanzania 2004 * (33.2) (31.7) (36.8) 68.8 44.1 - - 0.11568 0.04309Togo 1998 12.6 10.2 12.8 14.4 26.1 18.6 0.483 13.500 0.21405 0.03393Uganda 1995 (13.2) * (6.0) (10.8) (57.8) 19.7 - - 0.47970 0.09932Uganda 2000/01 * * * * * (39.8) - - 0.37119 0.09594Zambia 1996 * * * * * 35.1 - - 0.20251 0.09982Zambia 2001 (8.3) * * * * 25.7 - - 0.25313 0.08785Zimbabwe 1994 19.5 8.8 31.4 31.7 38.1 28.1 0.512 18.600 0.13197 0.04469Zimbabwe 1999 * * * (72.8) * 59.7 - - 0.14589 0.04811




Sexual Practices

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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC na na na na na na na na na naCambodia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naIndonesia 1997 na na na na na na na na na naIndonesia 2002/03 na na na na na na na na na naPhilippines 1998 na na na na na na na na na naPhilippines 2003 * * * * (41.1) 30.1 - - -0.01032 0.11350Vietnam 1997 na na na na na na na na na naVietnam 2002 na na na na na na na na na na

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na na naArmenia 2000 37.1 36.7 55.0 66.3 73.0 57.6 0.508 35.900 0.11992 0.03278Kazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na 0.01183Kazakhstan 1999 54.5 46.7 62.1 66.4 66.0 60.6 0.826 11.500 0.05076 0.02826Kyrgyzstan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1993 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 na na na na na na na na na naUzbekistan 1996 na na na na na na na na na na

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 (15.9) 26.3 29.5 48.8 47.6 38.4 0.335 63.537 0.18923 0.03361Brazil 1996 46.3 54.3 61.0 71.3 70.7 61.5 0.655 24.400 0.09169 0.01265Colombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2005 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na 0.08199 0.02179Dominican Republic 2002 59.8 72.0 75.3 76.5 67.8 70.2 0.882 8.011 0.04774 0.01550Guatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 21.3 36.5 28.6 54.7 70.1 44.5 0.304 48.800 0.25180 0.02426Nicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 2001 na na na na na na na na na naParaguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 6.5 38.1 22.4 45.1 56.8 37.1 0.114 50.300 0.11577 0.04504Peru 2000 na na na na na na na na na na


E. SOUTH ASIA na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1999/2000 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 2004 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 1996 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 2001 0.0 0.0 65.9 38.4 71.8 49.5 - 71.800 0.29163 0.06580Pakistan 1990/91 na na na na na na na na na na


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 35.8 34.5 43.5 56.2 71.5 53.8 0.500 35.710 0.18497 0.03111Benin 1996 1.2 10.8 12.2 25.1 43.9 21.7 0.027 42.700 0.41043 0.03968Benin 2001 25.2 25.9 30.3 47.8 54.5 41.9 0.462 29.300 0.18687 0.02875Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 17.6 10.8 14.2 6.0 10.8 10.9 1.630 6.800 -0.02871 0.07063Burkina Faso 2003 * (53.2) (67.3) * 96.1 82.2 - - 0.08775 0.01615Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 12.6 19.0 27.8 29.9 44.7 30.5 0.282 32.100 0.20579 0.02939Cameroon 2004 na na na na na na na na na naCentral African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 0.0 8.6 15.0 13.6 43.9 24.6 - 43.900 0.43281 0.04341Chad 2004 na na na na na na na na na naComoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 * 0.0 82.6 83.0 75.7 72.5 - - 0.06474 0.04284Ethiopia 2000 5.8 8.8 8.4 24.8 59.2 26.2 0.098 53.400 0.59598 0.05618Gabon 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 (38.9) 28.8 42.6 54.3 75.9 51.3 0.513 114.796 0.16593 0.02461Guinea 1999 25.3 23.9 15.8 38.4 44.5 30.3 0.569 19.200 0.15650 0.05816Kenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 28.8 39.2 45.7 43.9 63.6 46.2 0.453 34.800 0.12885 0.02321Kenya 2003 (58.0) 47.8 (43.2) 56.3 73.1 60.0 0.794 131.092 0.10680 0.02467Madagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 31.0 47.5 29.2 62.5 53.4 45.7 0.581 22.400 0.09601 0.03860Mali 1995/96 6.2 13.7 18.3 32.2 52.2 35.5 0.119 46.000 0.28655 0.03169Mali 2001 36.3 33.8 33.9 70.7 65.1 55.5 0.558 28.800 0.15425 0.02932Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 19.1 24.2 24.1 40.4 59.1 40.0 0.323 39.980 0.28666 0.02575Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 82.7 54.2 76.6 80.4 92.8 79.3 0.891 10.100 0.06075 0.01180Niger 1998 13.6 12.1 12.4 11.8 58.0 32.1 0.234 44.400 0.39269 0.03460Nigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 (30.9) (42.8) (51.8) (67.2) (85.6) 57.9 0.360 54.751 0.19960 0.03499Rwanda 2000 na na na na na na na na 0.21710 0.04383Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 20.2 16.4 17.7 24.5 34.4 24.2 0.587 14.200 0.17783 0.04070Tanzania 1999 21.4 27.6 25.7 33.8 62.3 36.0 0.343 40.900 0.20015 0.02274Tanzania 2004 35.5 47.7 66.6 62.0 89.7 62.4 0.396 54.214 0.13823 0.01862Togo 1998 19.1 23.0 29.8 38.8 49.0 35.1 0.390 29.900 0.18126 0.02858Uganda 1995 17.3 21.9 37.2 31.4 50.5 34.7 0.343 33.200 0.21459 0.03643Uganda 2000/01 57.6 45.2 51.4 71.1 91.3 69.1 0.631 33.700 0.15505 0.02439Zambia 1996 32.2 20.4 30.0 50.2 56.8 38.7 0.567 24.600 0.16051 0.03381Zambia 2001 33.8 37.6 46.6 64.2 68.6 51.4 0.493 34.800 0.17092 0.02974Zimbabwe 1994 26.9 29.1 41.8 40.8 78.7 47.3 0.342 51.800 0.15253 0.06050Zimbabwe 1999 59.7 63.6 70.5 82.2 95.3 75.6 0.626 35.600 0.09740 0.01956



Sexual Practices

CONDOM USAGE WITH NON-REGULAR PARTNER AMONG MEN (Cont.)


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B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na na naArmenia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKyrgyzstan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1993 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 * * * * * * - - na naUzbekistan 1996 na na na na na na na na na na

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 na na na na na na na na na naBrazil 1996 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 30.2 34.7 34.6 26.3 21.1 29.0 1.431 9.100 -0.08836 0.00836Colombia 2005 41.9 47.7 46.0 43.8 37.3 43.5 1.123 4.580 -0.03261 0.00440Dominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 2002 10.6 13.2 12.7 10.9 9.9 11.5 1.071 0.706 -0.04120 0.01644Guatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 20.9 22.1 25.8 19.6 13.9 19.8 1.504 7.000 -0.06945 0.01850Nicaragua 1997/98 27.9 30.5 31.8 29.1 23.9 28.6 1.167 4.000 -0.08487 0.01050Nicaragua 2001 na na na na na na na na na naParaguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 2000 30.4 33.0 33.2 25.8 17.7 27.4 1.718 12.700 -0.11167 0.00573



Domestic ViolencePart III: Intermediate Determinants of HNP Status - Individual and Household Behavior

EVER EXPERIENCED DOMESTIC VIOLENCE


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naBenin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 na na na na na na na na na naCentral African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naChad 2004 na na na na na na na na na naComoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGabon 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 na na na na na na na na na naGuinea 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 2003 na na na na na na na na na naMadagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 na na na na na na na na na naMali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na na naMali 2001 na na na na na na na na na naMauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNiger 1998 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 na na na na na na na na na naRwanda 2000 na na na na na na na na na naSenegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 5.1 9.2 9.0 11.2 10.4 9.2 0.490 5.300 0.07069 0.01600Tanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 na na na na na na na na na naTogo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 39.5 35.0 36.1 37.6 34.8 36.6 1.135 4.700 -0.00703 0.01046Zimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 na na na na na na na na na na



Domestic Violence

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B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na na naArmenia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKyrgyzstan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1993 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 * * * * * * - - na naUzbekistan 1996 na na na na na na na na na na

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 na na na na na na na na na naBrazil 1996 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2005 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 2002 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 17.4 16.0 21.9 15.4 6.3 14.5 2.762 11.100 -0.07946 0.02161Nicaragua 1997/98 12.0 12.8 14.3 13.9 9.4 12.5 1.277 2.600 -0.09080 0.01587Nicaragua 2001 na na na na na na na na na naParaguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 2000 na na na na na na na na na na



Domestic ViolencePart III: Intermediate Determinants of HNP Status - Individual and Household Behavior

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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naBenin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 7.4 6.3 7.4 7.8 6.7 7.2 1.108 0.728 -0.01906 0.02065Central African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naChad 2004 na na na na na na na na na naComoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGabon 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 na na na na na na na na na naGuinea 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 2003 21.8 20.1 17.9 13.1 10.5 16.0 2.068 11.244 -0.15546 0.01327Madagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 na na na na na na na na na naMali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na na naMali 2001 na na na na na na na na na naMauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNiger 1998 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 na na na na na na na na na naRwanda 2000 na na na na na na na na na naSenegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 2.3 3.9 3.3 4.2 2.6 3.3 0.885 0.300 -0.02953 0.02606Tanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 na na na na na na na na na naTogo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 na na na na na na na na na na



Domestic Violence

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D. UNDERLYING DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH, NUTRITION, POPULATION STATUS

Education 209 School Completion

Women Men

School Participation Girls Boys

Exposure to Mass Media 217 Newspaper Readership

Women Men

Radio Listenership Women Men

Television Viewership Women Men

Knowledge and Attitudes about HIV/AIDS 229

Knowledge about Sexual Transmission of HIV/AIDS

Women Men

Knowledge about Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV/AIDS

Women Men

Attitudes toward HIV/AIDS Women Men

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Status of Women 241 Household Decisionmaking

Can Seek Own Health Care Can Seek Children's Health Care Can Make Daily Household Purchases Can Make Large Household Purchases Can Make Meal-Related Decisions

Freedom of Movement Can Travel to Visit Family, Relatives

Other Decisionmaking, Attitudes Can Decide How to Spend Own Money Can Decide Whether to Have Sex Justifies Domestic Violence

Orphanhood 259 Paternal Orphan Prevalence Maternal Orphan Prevalence Double Orphan Prevalence

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B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA 90.7 93.9 95.6 96.5 98.7 95.4 0.920 7.933 0.02373 0.00121Armenia 2000 98.7 99.4 99.8 99.6 99.8 99.5 0.989 1.100 0.00169 0.00053Kazakhstan 1995 96.6 97.7 98.0 97.4 97.2 97.4 0.994 0.600 -0.00010 0.00144Kazakhstan 1999 98.2 99.3 99.6 99.0 99.5 99.1 0.987 1.300 0.00141 0.00082Kyrgyzstan 1997 97.6 99.5 99.1 99.3 99.7 99.1 0.979 2.100 0.00232 0.00082Turkey 1993 49.1 65.1 70.4 80.7 91.7 72.9 0.535 42.600 0.11299 0.00325Turkey 1998 53.0 68.7 78.2 85.2 94.4 77.9 0.561 41.400 0.11199 0.00315Turkmenistan 2000 97.7 97.6 97.9 96.5 98.8 97.7 0.989 1.100 na naUzbekistan 1996 99.1 98.7 99.0 99.6 99.7 99.2 0.994 0.600 0.00125 0.00070




EducationPart IV: Underlying Determinants of HNP Status

SCHOOL COMPLETION AMONG WOMEN


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 21.5 27.8 34.8 45.5 68.3 41.1 0.314 46.885 0.37611 0.00919Benin 1996 1.3 1.5 5.5 15.8 44.4 14.9 0.029 43.100 0.56811 0.02012Benin 2001 3.0 5.4 8.9 20.6 54.5 20.7 0.055 51.500 0.51913 0.01377Burkina Faso 1992/93 2.2 2.9 3.0 7.0 37.4 11.5 0.058 35.276 0.82710 0.02233Burkina Faso 1998/99 1.1 1.6 2.5 4.8 35.9 9.6 0.031 34.800 0.86392 0.02689Burkina Faso 2003 2.8 3.4 5.8 8.7 46.3 15.1 0.060 43.501 0.57831 0.01305Cameroon 1991 13.8 24.9 38.9 57.6 81.8 45.3 0.169 68.000 0.34060 0.00735Cameroon 1998 24.8 38.5 54.1 74.5 82.8 56.3 0.300 58.000 0.23070 0.00583Cameroon 2004 23.4 44.0 64.3 81.2 92.5 63.9 0.253 69.151 0.20924 0.00346Central African Republic 1994/95 2.6 5.9 16.0 32.9 57.2 22.8 0.045 54.600 0.49219 0.01333Chad 1996/97 0.5 1.0 1.5 5.7 27.0 6.9 0.019 26.500 0.86699 0.03122Chad 2004 0.0 3.6 5.8 9.6 35.5 10.8 - 35.505 0.75146 0.02134Comoros 1996 9.4 16.9 29.9 38.0 60.1 32.3 0.156 50.700 0.33307 0.01255Côte d'Ivoire 1994 9.5 14.6 19.8 29.9 54.1 27.2 0.176 44.600 0.34840 0.01009Eritrea 1995 1.0 1.9 3.6 20.2 57.7 19.6 0.017 56.700 0.67617 0.01458Ethiopia 2000 1.7 1.9 3.3 5.3 42.2 12.6 0.040 40.500 0.90685 0.01407Gabon 2000 56.1 71.9 79.7 84.1 87.6 77.7 0.640 31.500 0.08393 0.00385Ghana 1993 35.2 33.5 48.9 66.0 83.2 55.6 0.423 48.000 0.19021 0.00704Ghana 1998 25.5 50.6 59.8 72.6 86.4 60.7 0.295 60.900 0.22550 0.00489Ghana 2003 23.9 45.1 61.0 70.8 86.1 60.7 0.278 62.207 0.21697 0.00438Guinea 1999 1.8 1.6 4.1 14.6 43.5 13.8 0.041 41.700 0.64451 0.01939Kenya 1993 44.8 60.7 69.3 73.9 85.1 68.1 0.526 40.348 0.10568 0.00418Kenya 1998 58.8 69.0 76.0 84.9 90.8 76.8 0.648 32.000 0.08562 0.00364Kenya 2003 48.6 72.5 77.5 86.3 90.6 77.0 0.537 41.970 0.11887 0.00344Madagascar 1997 9.3 11.3 16.4 32.1 72.3 29.9 0.129 63.000 0.46461 0.00853Malawi 1992 10.2 17.9 23.2 29.2 58.6 27.9 0.174 48.400 0.37915 0.01208Malawi 2000 25.6 32.2 33.9 44.5 73.7 42.1 0.347 48.100 0.22938 0.00539Mali 1995/96 1.4 2.4 3.3 8.7 36.1 10.9 0.039 34.700 0.63031 0.02009Mali 2001 2.4 2.8 3.4 10.0 41.8 13.2 0.057 39.400 0.61433 0.01514Mauritania 2000/01 8.1 13.6 20.6 36.5 63.1 29.7 0.128 55.000 0.40280 0.00879Mozambique 1997 3.0 5.3 8.7 19.7 48.4 17.3 0.062 45.400 0.60485 0.01360Mozambique 2003 3.5 6.1 8.8 23.4 52.3 20.2 0.066 48.830 0.55920 0.00933Namibia 1992 46.9 53.6 65.0 65.7 89.5 65.8 0.524 42.600 0.12762 0.00498Namibia 2000 66.2 73.1 80.0 83.2 92.9 80.3 0.713 26.700 0.08014 0.00345Niger 1998 3.0 3.5 5.0 8.0 38.1 11.7 0.079 35.100 0.69218 0.02189Nigeria 1990 15.0 20.7 28.1 46.0 72.8 36.7 0.206 57.800 0.33562 0.00657Nigeria 2003 22.8 29.6 42.7 63.7 90.7 51.5 0.252 67.843 0.26004 0.00503Rwanda 2000 28.3 29.5 32.4 41.6 66.5 40.8 0.426 38.200 0.21018 0.00613Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 67.7 77.2 84.8 92.9 97.1 85.2 0.697 29.400 0.06193 0.00207Tanzania 1996 40.8 47.1 53.9 61.0 81.4 58.1 0.501 40.600 0.14009 0.00485Tanzania 1999 44.2 48.6 50.4 64.7 82.3 59.5 0.537 38.100 0.14511 0.00602Tanzania 2004 40.5 47.9 60.0 75.1 87.2 64.1 0.465 46.662 0.15795 0.00366Togo 1998 4.8 7.2 19.3 34.6 56.9 27.8 0.084 52.100 0.42068 0.00875Uganda 1995 20.4 29.0 35.3 42.4 75.8 41.1 0.269 55.400 0.28104 0.00678Uganda 2000/01 24.2 30.4 44.6 60.1 82.0 50.0 0.295 57.800 0.26028 0.00510Zambia 1996 39.6 46.7 59.6 76.2 92.9 64.5 0.426 53.300 0.18222 0.00392Zambia 2001 40.8 47.7 60.8 80.4 94.5 66.4 0.432 53.700 0.17849 0.00397Zimbabwe 1994 58.7 61.5 75.2 84.1 92.1 75.8 0.637 33.400 0.09453 0.00389Zimbabwe 1999 70.0 78.8 81.1 86.7 96.8 83.9 0.723 26.800 0.05991 0.00293

G. ALL COUNTRIES 32.3 41.3 49.4 59.8 77.3 53.7 0.418 44.967 0.29173 0.00641


Education

SCHOOL COMPLETION AMONG WOMEN (Cont.)

Part IV: Underlying Determinants of HNP Status

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SCHOOL COMPLETION AMONG MEN


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G. ALL COUNTRIES 43.4 53.3 61.3 71.3 85.7 64.6 0.507 42.270 0.19012 0.00436


Education

SCHOOL COMPLETION AMONG MEN (Cont.)


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SCHOOL PARTICIPATION AMONG GIRLS


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G. ALL COUNTRIES 52.2 59.7 65.6 72.7 83.0 65.7 0.629 30.807 0.13924 0.00804



Education

SCHOOL PARTICIPATION AMONG GIRLS (Cont.)

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SCHOOL PARTICIPATION AMONG BOYS


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G. ALL COUNTRIES 58.6 65.4 69.8 75.5 85.3 70.0 0.687 26.651 0.10276 0.00689



Education

SCHOOL PARTICIPATION AMONG BOYS (Cont.)

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C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 15.8 28.6 42.2 54.9 69.3 45.2 0.228 53.499 0.26034 0.00537Bolivia 1998 10.5 30.3 52.1 72.1 85.0 55.1 0.124 74.500 0.27530 0.00370Bolivia 2003 6.4 20.8 38.7 53.6 71.5 42.4 0.090 65.115 0.30389 0.00416Brazil 1996 24.2 44.7 58.4 68.4 77.2 56.6 0.313 53.000 0.19129 0.00405Colombia 1995 40.6 60.4 69.8 75.6 82.0 68.1 0.495 41.400 0.10979 0.00371Colombia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2005 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 1996 11.3 20.7 32.2 44.2 66.0 37.7 0.171 54.700 0.26974 0.00728Dominican Republic 2002 17.4 34.1 46.2 59.0 74.3 49.0 0.233 56.980 0.20859 0.00346Guatemala 1995 13.4 20.5 37.2 59.6 75.9 44.7 0.177 62.500 0.30684 0.00509Guatemala 1998/99 12.2 24.2 40.8 63.6 82.0 48.4 0.149 69.800 0.30110 0.00654Haiti 1994/95 5.6 10.7 21.6 30.8 52.2 26.9 0.107 46.600 0.35868 0.01221Haiti 2000 11.0 14.5 18.1 29.7 44.6 26.2 0.247 33.600 0.32002 0.00973Nicaragua 1997/98 20.4 36.7 50.2 63.2 75.2 52.1 0.271 54.800 0.21353 0.00414Nicaragua 2001 10.6 25.4 41.6 52.2 68.2 43.0 0.155 57.600 0.27614 0.00504Paraguay 1990 41.9 54.0 71.0 80.1 88.9 70.0 0.471 47.000 0.14179 0.00454Peru 1996 22.7 52.7 75.0 84.1 89.9 68.6 0.253 67.200 0.19436 0.00200Peru 2000 2.8 11.1 22.9 32.8 47.7 26.0 0.059 44.900 0.33988 0.00547


E. SOUTH ASIA 1.0 2.2 5.6 12.9 39.3 12.2 0.026 38.307 0.67394 0.01956Bangladesh 1996/97 0.8 1.9 3.4 7.0 30.6 8.6 0.026 29.800 0.67350 0.02572Bangladesh 1999/2000 0.4 0.9 3.4 8.5 31.1 8.8 0.013 30.700 0.76801 0.02278Bangladesh 2004 0.3 1.1 2.9 6.5 23.4 6.8 0.011 23.128 0.73409 0.02580India 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1998/99 1.7 4.5 11.5 24.9 60.9 20.8 0.028 59.200 0.59242 0.00365Nepal 1996 0.7 0.6 1.5 3.4 21.7 5.3 0.032 21.000 0.74769 0.03736Nepal 2001 1.4 1.4 3.5 5.2 25.3 7.2 0.055 23.900 0.64356 0.02836Pakistan 1990/91 0.7 2.0 4.4 15.2 47.7 13.9 0.015 47.000 0.72570 0.02043

Exposure to Mass MediaPart IV: Underlying Determinants of HNP Status

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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 3.4 6.1 9.2 16.6 35.3 15.3 0.098 31.819 0.55803 0.02254Benin 1996 0.3 1.3 2.7 8.9 25.4 8.4 0.012 25.100 0.58745 0.03140Benin 2001 0.3 0.9 2.3 5.2 14.3 5.3 0.021 14.000 0.54977 0.03612Burkina Faso 1992/93 0.7 1.2 1.0 3.7 26.7 7.5 0.025 25.990 0.93887 0.03187Burkina Faso 1998/99 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.8 14.0 3.3 0.007 13.900 1.06655 0.06055Burkina Faso 2003 0.5 0.5 0.8 2.5 20.5 5.7 0.027 19.907 0.67362 0.02846Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 1.8 3.2 7.2 15.8 34.6 13.4 0.052 32.800 0.59783 0.02101Cameroon 2004 1.5 3.9 6.9 14.0 30.6 12.7 0.048 29.173 0.49267 0.01614Central African Republic 1994/95 2.2 5.4 11.4 21.3 34.3 14.6 0.064 32.100 0.44276 0.01919Chad 1996/97 0.4 0.8 1.6 3.6 18.4 4.7 0.022 18.000 0.86929 0.04016Chad 2004 0.2 0.4 0.3 1.4 13.8 3.2 0.015 13.567 1.04987 0.05560Comoros 1996 4.6 10.0 14.2 21.0 35.3 18.0 0.130 30.700 0.35785 0.02234Côte d'Ivoire 1994 3.9 7.0 10.2 19.2 43.5 18.0 0.090 39.600 0.44642 0.01461Eritrea 1995 1.7 3.8 3.3 21.4 56.7 20.2 0.030 55.000 0.63529 0.01488Ethiopia 2000 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 6.0 1.7 0.033 5.800 1.05434 0.05315Gabon 2000 13.3 24.2 37.7 42.4 53.9 36.2 0.247 40.571 0.21562 0.00887Ghana 1993 3.6 4.0 7.3 15.4 36.5 14.8 0.099 32.900 0.47841 0.02269Ghana 1998 1.9 8.5 10.6 19.8 46.7 19.1 0.041 44.800 0.45974 0.01655Ghana 2003 1.4 1.9 4.3 10.1 34.5 12.4 0.039 33.094 0.55534 0.02142Guinea 1999 0.1 0.5 1.0 4.7 19.8 5.7 0.005 19.700 0.73998 0.03775Kenya 1993 15.9 20.3 23.5 31.0 57.7 31.4 0.276 41.802 0.25843 0.00988Kenya 1998 17.1 23.4 28.8 41.5 65.0 36.9 0.263 47.900 0.25426 0.00851Kenya 2003 5.8 8.2 12.1 25.8 48.0 22.6 0.120 42.226 0.44475 0.01079Madagascar 1997 12.6 14.9 21.6 29.0 49.6 26.5 0.254 37.000 0.34050 0.01110Malawi 1992 6.1 11.1 12.8 19.4 43.4 18.5 0.141 37.300 0.47938 0.01836Malawi 2000 3.2 5.6 5.0 8.1 26.4 9.8 0.121 23.200 0.50820 0.01912Mali 1995/96 0.5 0.9 1.3 4.9 21.7 6.5 0.023 21.200 0.68864 0.02980Mali 2001 0.4 0.5 0.9 3.1 20.0 5.6 0.020 19.600 0.70015 0.02792Mauritania 2000/01 2.3 2.7 6.4 12.9 26.0 10.7 0.088 23.700 0.46164 0.02015Mozambique 1997 1.2 1.5 3.6 10.3 35.9 10.9 0.033 34.700 0.76541 0.02273Mozambique 2003 0.0 0.2 0.5 2.4 14.5 3.9 0.003 14.458 0.82128 0.03634Namibia 1992 35.9 39.1 44.8 50.7 84.0 53.7 0.427 48.100 0.18013 0.00655Namibia 2000 11.4 22.9 28.9 41.2 69.1 37.5 0.165 57.700 0.30991 0.00778Niger 1998 0.4 1.2 1.2 2.4 20.4 5.3 0.020 20.000 0.86488 0.03927Nigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 1.0 3.2 5.2 13.5 33.2 12.1 0.031 32.212 0.52618 0.01959Rwanda 2000 1.8 1.6 2.7 3.0 16.0 5.4 0.113 14.200 0.66258 0.02973Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 10.5 22.5 33.2 53.4 78.9 41.8 0.133 68.400 0.33355 0.00484Tanzania 1996 1.3 2.8 4.8 8.4 41.0 13.1 0.032 39.700 0.62013 0.01955Tanzania 1999 1.2 1.2 1.1 3.5 15.7 5.2 0.076 14.500 0.65892 0.04696Tanzania 2004 4.9 7.6 11.5 23.0 46.1 20.5 0.107 41.127 0.38062 0.01106Togo 1998 5.3 5.7 14.3 25.1 43.0 21.0 0.123 37.700 0.40963 0.01206Uganda 1995 6.1 9.7 13.0 17.4 47.7 19.3 0.128 41.600 0.48659 0.01412Uganda 2000/01 2.3 3.4 7.2 12.9 41.6 14.7 0.055 39.300 0.61830 0.01759Zambia 1996 7.4 11.1 13.8 27.2 55.5 24.6 0.133 48.100 0.38975 0.01191Zambia 2001 1.3 1.5 3.4 11.7 30.3 10.6 0.043 29.000 0.57188 0.02367Zimbabwe 1994 26.6 29.3 43.9 56.8 78.2 49.8 0.340 51.600 0.22077 0.00681Zimbabwe 1999 3.2 9.5 11.9 34.2 61.1 27.2 0.052 57.900 0.45725 0.01165

G. ALL COUNTRIES 8.4 13.5 19.0 27.7 46.4 24.4 0.181 37.983 0.46810 0.01670


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B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na na naArmenia 2000 11.7 20.5 26.6 39.2 42.7 29.0 0.274 31.000 0.22530 0.01969Kazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1999 27.3 42.3 44.8 62.7 69.1 51.4 0.395 41.800 0.21560 0.01434Kyrgyzstan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1993 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1998 24.6 42.1 61.0 73.5 86.5 60.6 0.284 61.900 0.20295 0.00907Turkmenistan 2000 na na na na na na na na na naUzbekistan 1996 na na na na na na na na na na

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 1998 27.0 54.6 73.2 83.8 91.8 69.7 0.294 64.800 0.19583 0.00534Bolivia 2003 11.6 32.1 56.9 67.4 83.4 53.0 0.140 71.790 0.26501 0.00557Brazil 1996 20.1 41.6 56.0 69.9 81.4 55.4 0.247 61.300 0.23370 0.00822Colombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2005 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 1996 17.1 31.3 47.8 63.3 78.3 46.5 0.218 61.200 0.26876 0.01051Dominican Republic 2002 20.1 34.5 55.3 59.6 79.6 48.2 0.253 59.457 0.22685 0.01009Guatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 15.9 21.6 40.8 59.9 77.5 43.4 0.205 61.600 0.30650 0.01418Haiti 2000 10.9 20.3 19.5 41.6 54.9 29.9 0.199 44.000 0.28300 0.01459Nicaragua 1997/98 24.5 40.3 59.6 72.6 79.3 57.4 0.309 54.800 0.19731 0.00835Nicaragua 2001 na na na na na na na na na naParaguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 45.3 69.2 86.2 91.8 95.6 81.5 0.474 50.300 0.11476 0.00575Peru 2000 na na na na na na na na na na


E. SOUTH ASIA na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1996/97 7.1 10.7 13.8 30.0 65.2 25.1 0.109 58.100 0.47490 0.01702Bangladesh 1999/2000 5.0 6.6 19.0 33.1 63.7 25.8 0.078 58.700 0.49941 0.01710Bangladesh 2004 9.0 15.7 30.4 39.2 65.7 33.7 0.136 56.716 0.37477 0.00972India 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 1996 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 2001 7.5 13.0 18.5 24.7 61.7 25.8 0.122 54.200 0.41445 0.01990Pakistan 1990/91 na na na na na na na na na na


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 8.7 12.8 17.4 28.7 52.0 26.3 0.168 43.274 0.41804 0.02276Benin 1996 4.7 11.8 13.0 28.7 52.9 23.4 0.089 48.200 0.41998 0.02657Benin 2001 1.9 2.6 5.4 13.8 29.8 11.8 0.064 27.900 0.53231 0.03240Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 0.7 0.3 0.5 1.7 29.0 8.6 0.024 28.300 0.92500 0.05057Burkina Faso 2003 0.5 2.3 3.3 7.0 31.3 10.8 0.015 30.839 0.59685 0.03275Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 6.2 16.1 24.3 40.8 56.7 32.0 0.109 50.500 0.34089 0.01463Cameroon 2004 10.0 14.0 18.8 28.3 48.4 27.0 0.207 38.430 0.30625 0.01310Central African Republic 1994/95 8.8 18.6 23.6 50.4 53.1 31.1 0.166 44.300 0.31126 0.01976Chad 1996/97 2.0 5.5 10.4 17.0 48.0 19.1 0.042 46.000 0.56958 0.02468Chad 2004 0.0 3.1 8.3 12.0 33.5 13.3 - 33.536 0.67208 0.03284Comoros 1996 16.7 23.4 32.3 30.3 52.3 33.1 0.319 35.600 0.23047 0.02905Côte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 7.5 12.5 20.6 50.0 83.7 39.3 0.090 76.200 0.43582 0.01444Ethiopia 2000 1.6 3.3 2.7 4.6 17.3 6.0 0.092 15.700 0.82749 0.05944Gabon 2000 33.9 47.7 52.8 65.6 73.0 56.3 0.464 39.100 0.14139 0.01090Ghana 1993 13.1 22.8 24.1 46.6 74.7 37.9 0.175 61.600 0.33886 0.01735Ghana 1998 11.6 27.2 36.4 46.0 69.5 41.0 0.167 57.900 0.28038 0.01460Ghana 2003 4.4 8.9 16.0 37.1 63.0 28.5 0.070 58.540 0.43818 0.01072Guinea 1999 4.0 3.7 7.9 14.0 36.3 14.9 0.110 32.300 0.48123 0.03403Kenya 1993 27.3 42.4 57.2 68.1 81.5 59.1 0.335 54.222 0.19088 0.00887Kenya 1998 30.3 45.5 53.4 67.8 85.6 60.6 0.354 55.300 0.17190 0.00737Kenya 2003 19.6 27.8 32.8 50.3 71.7 44.5 0.274 52.109 0.26911 0.00907Madagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 22.7 24.9 27.2 46.9 64.4 40.6 0.352 41.700 0.26909 0.01850Malawi 2000 10.2 11.4 14.2 19.9 47.2 21.5 0.216 37.000 0.33691 0.02154Mali 1995/96 3.1 4.5 6.6 14.0 44.1 15.8 0.070 41.000 0.54925 0.03056Mali 2001 1.6 3.2 4.6 7.8 38.2 13.3 0.042 36.600 0.63766 0.03248Mauritania 2000/01 4.2 3.0 10.7 15.6 34.3 16.5 0.122 30.100 0.44050 0.02832Mozambique 1997 1.7 3.4 9.9 32.9 55.4 22.3 0.031 53.700 0.60149 0.02095Mozambique 2003 1.6 2.9 3.4 10.5 32.4 11.5 0.049 30.771 0.63153 0.03504Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 16.5 28.7 36.3 49.0 82.1 46.6 0.201 65.600 0.25476 0.00966Niger 1998 3.4 3.5 6.4 11.0 44.5 15.9 0.076 41.100 0.61852 0.02382Nigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 9.0 13.1 21.1 31.3 55.9 28.0 0.161 46.916 0.35884 0.01798Rwanda 2000 1.8 6.7 6.1 3.1 34.7 11.7 0.052 32.900 0.65135 0.07527Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 5.8 12.9 16.2 19.0 64.8 26.1 0.090 59.000 0.45952 0.01873Tanzania 1999 4.6 5.5 4.7 10.4 35.7 13.6 0.129 31.100 0.46636 0.02603Tanzania 2004 20.0 20.9 24.8 37.2 69.3 36.0 0.289 49.248 0.24526 0.01475Togo 1998 19.5 29.6 40.2 55.9 72.8 46.1 0.268 53.300 0.25244 0.00891Uganda 1995 21.2 21.4 25.5 30.9 63.7 33.8 0.333 42.500 0.31215 0.01742Uganda 2000/01 * * * * * * - - na naZambia 1996 22.1 21.8 31.7 55.4 75.1 44.6 0.294 53.000 0.25823 0.01403Zambia 2001 2.5 3.8 7.3 26.9 60.4 23.5 0.041 57.900 0.51765 0.02264Zimbabwe 1994 29.8 42.4 43.4 66.2 87.3 59.7 0.341 57.500 0.19767 0.00896Zimbabwe 1999 10.6 12.9 18.8 57.8 83.2 42.9 0.127 72.600 0.37326 0.01055

G. ALL COUNTRIES 10.8 17.7 24.7 36.0 57.3 31.2 0.189 46.444 0.37656 0.01924



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B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA 25.2 34.1 41.5 48.2 54.1 41.7 0.466 28.872 0.18218 0.00945Armenia 2000 12.6 21.3 32.0 38.2 51.0 32.3 0.247 38.400 0.23919 0.01057Kazakhstan 1995 18.6 35.2 35.4 42.0 57.5 39.9 0.323 38.900 0.19747 0.01106Kazakhstan 1999 9.4 20.6 35.3 41.5 55.7 35.4 0.168 46.360 0.27721 0.01004Kyrgyzstan 1997 31.5 46.3 56.3 62.1 59.5 51.9 0.529 28.000 0.12089 0.00930Turkey 1993 57.6 66.7 74.1 80.3 89.5 75.0 0.644 31.900 0.08361 0.00405Turkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 31.1 28.7 30.5 35.9 37.7 32.9 0.825 6.600 na naUzbekistan 1996 41.6 53.8 53.4 63.5 66.6 56.1 0.625 25.000 0.09143 0.00789

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 56.9 69.3 76.5 81.0 84.8 75.4 0.671 27.896 0.08447 0.00322Bolivia 1998 49.0 68.1 79.4 86.9 82.8 75.5 0.592 33.800 0.09446 0.00344Bolivia 2003 62.0 82.5 85.6 89.7 91.0 83.8 0.681 29.016 0.06055 0.00211Brazil 1996 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 1995 69.3 79.4 81.2 86.0 85.3 81.2 0.812 16.000 0.03854 0.00290Colombia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2005 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 1996 54.5 65.9 68.1 71.4 70.8 67.0 0.770 16.300 0.04559 0.00495Dominican Republic 2002 70.6 81.0 85.0 87.2 90.6 83.9 0.780 19.954 0.04697 0.00180Guatemala 1995 43.0 65.3 77.0 83.3 83.5 72.3 0.515 40.500 0.12403 0.00380Guatemala 1998/99 51.4 62.0 75.1 73.4 76.9 69.0 0.668 25.500 0.08433 0.00539Haiti 1994/95 15.7 38.3 54.1 77.0 91.3 59.8 0.172 75.600 0.24018 0.00586Haiti 2000 31.2 37.9 52.8 74.7 89.9 61.9 0.347 58.700 0.22044 0.00385Nicaragua 1997/98 53.9 70.9 80.6 83.8 83.9 76.2 0.642 30.000 0.07415 0.00313Nicaragua 2001 72.2 80.0 85.5 88.6 90.3 84.4 0.800 18.100 0.04120 0.00238Paraguay 1990 68.4 80.7 82.2 81.8 81.2 79.3 0.842 12.800 0.02576 0.00428Peru 1996 55.9 73.4 80.2 82.5 81.9 76.2 0.683 26.000 0.07310 0.00207Peru 2000 42.2 60.8 69.5 71.5 73.4 65.3 0.575 31.200 0.11202 0.00269


E. SOUTH ASIA 12.5 28.0 33.1 44.3 52.1 33.9 0.241 39.573 0.24612 0.00702Bangladesh 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1999/2000 9.2 17.9 32.4 42.0 43.5 28.8 0.211 34.300 0.25228 0.00813Bangladesh 2004 16.2 28.5 37.4 44.7 39.9 33.4 0.406 23.693 0.13984 0.00728India 1992/93 15.5 27.5 40.4 56.5 75.5 43.5 0.205 60.000 0.29497 0.00194India 1998/99 14.3 26.9 38.5 45.9 56.4 36.5 0.254 42.100 0.24796 0.00236Nepal 1996 15.9 26.6 35.5 43.7 62.8 36.4 0.253 46.900 0.24869 0.00788Nepal 2001 14.2 38.4 34.1 49.3 60.1 38.6 0.236 45.900 0.22197 0.00724Pakistan 1990/91 5.5 18.0 22.6 37.2 52.1 27.1 0.106 46.600 0.37473 0.01119


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 25.4 39.2 47.4 59.2 74.0 50.4 0.343 48.606 0.24587 0.00679Benin 1996 5.3 8.3 10.3 14.8 25.8 13.4 0.205 20.500 0.30083 0.02118Benin 2001 46.9 58.0 64.3 67.5 73.2 62.9 0.641 26.300 0.07627 0.00610Burkina Faso 1992/93 17.0 35.0 32.3 42.1 74.5 42.1 0.228 57.459 0.29565 0.00688Burkina Faso 1998/99 27.2 47.5 57.6 53.3 74.7 52.2 0.364 47.500 0.17152 0.00638Burkina Faso 2003 21.6 48.8 47.0 56.2 75.0 51.0 0.289 53.321 0.19347 0.00456Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 16.0 35.3 49.2 64.2 82.5 50.5 0.194 66.500 0.27016 0.00664Cameroon 2004 12.0 27.2 40.0 59.4 78.5 46.1 0.153 66.486 0.28974 0.00514Central African Republic 1994/95 33.3 55.9 67.9 83.6 89.8 65.4 0.371 56.500 0.17498 0.00503Chad 1996/97 3.5 5.8 20.2 27.2 63.8 22.9 0.055 60.300 0.56581 0.01116Chad 2004 4.0 10.9 10.7 22.1 64.1 22.4 0.062 60.187 0.60876 0.01145Comoros 1996 22.2 44.4 55.3 65.2 77.2 54.4 0.288 55.000 0.19918 0.00899Côte d'Ivoire 1994 14.9 24.3 32.8 50.4 67.5 39.6 0.221 52.600 0.27740 0.00731Eritrea 1995 14.6 24.2 46.1 74.1 89.5 52.6 0.163 74.900 0.32379 0.00594Ethiopia 2000 2.4 3.1 5.1 7.4 32.3 11.2 0.074 29.900 0.71531 0.01515Gabon 2000 64.4 65.5 71.1 71.9 71.9 69.9 0.895 7.521 0.01501 0.00559Ghana 1993 28.8 33.4 54.9 59.4 72.3 51.8 0.398 43.500 0.17320 0.00765Ghana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 51.3 69.0 74.2 79.4 88.1 74.1 0.582 36.819 0.10601 0.00428Guinea 1999 12.5 19.7 17.4 31.7 46.2 26.0 0.271 33.680 0.28087 0.01160Kenya 1993 30.8 54.4 68.7 73.8 86.5 64.7 0.356 55.744 0.16053 0.00462Kenya 1998 30.6 44.2 60.9 68.4 79.5 58.2 0.385 48.900 0.17091 0.00581Kenya 2003 44.4 71.6 77.4 85.3 87.5 75.2 0.507 43.133 0.11425 0.00385Madagascar 1997 6.4 25.2 28.8 48.5 81.0 39.6 0.079 74.600 0.39660 0.00636Malawi 1992 24.8 31.2 46.7 74.9 81.7 52.3 0.304 56.900 0.26446 0.00657Malawi 2000 17.6 50.4 50.0 68.5 77.7 52.3 0.227 60.100 0.23859 0.00420Mali 1995/96 29.1 50.6 59.0 70.2 85.3 59.8 0.341 56.200 0.17991 0.00447Mali 2001 49.7 54.1 51.1 64.8 82.7 61.5 0.601 33.000 0.10986 0.00404Mauritania 2000/01 6.7 13.2 20.9 26.1 34.0 21.0 0.197 27.300 0.27109 0.01257Mozambique 1997 2.7 10.0 25.6 36.4 61.0 27.1 0.044 58.300 0.49016 0.00944Mozambique 2003 20.9 32.2 49.4 57.1 71.4 46.4 0.292 50.533 0.22833 0.00522Namibia 1992 42.9 90.1 83.4 83.2 95.1 80.8 0.451 52.200 0.08651 0.00404Namibia 2000 42.3 66.0 75.0 81.0 89.0 72.7 0.475 46.700 0.12005 0.00447Niger 1998 30.0 42.5 54.7 59.9 79.0 53.5 0.380 49.000 0.17558 0.00563Nigeria 1990 22.2 38.6 49.0 69.2 86.1 53.3 0.258 63.900 0.26039 0.00470Nigeria 2003 33.6 45.1 57.7 70.9 83.5 59.3 0.403 49.851 0.17481 0.00506Rwanda 2000 11.2 9.2 31.6 57.9 71.5 39.0 0.157 60.300 0.36411 0.00560Senegal 1997 43.6 60.7 74.0 78.6 89.5 71.3 0.487 45.900 0.13052 0.00425South Africa 1998 52.0 66.0 74.0 79.2 82.1 71.8 0.633 30.100 0.08001 0.00353Tanzania 1996 3.4 5.5 23.3 50.5 68.7 32.6 0.049 65.300 0.46237 0.00786Tanzania 1999 4.8 17.6 13.8 40.7 51.5 27.5 0.093 46.700 0.33340 0.01392Tanzania 2004 26.3 56.0 60.1 74.7 84.5 62.3 0.312 58.146 0.18315 0.00403Togo 1998 2.5 4.0 6.0 10.6 25.3 11.1 0.099 22.800 0.42442 0.01893Uganda 1995 6.0 15.6 30.8 46.9 65.5 33.4 0.092 59.500 0.36986 0.00827Uganda 2000/01 18.7 34.0 50.5 64.7 86.5 52.6 0.216 67.800 0.26051 0.00557Zambia 1996 19.1 43.4 55.1 71.9 89.4 56.9 0.214 70.300 0.26301 0.00458Zambia 2001 9.2 22.3 38.2 56.8 80.0 43.5 0.115 70.800 0.34168 0.00634Zimbabwe 1994 8.3 24.9 28.4 52.7 82.8 43.1 0.100 74.500 0.35140 0.00701Zimbabwe 1999 20.5 32.5 43.6 63.7 86.8 53.0 0.236 66.300 0.25589 0.00618

G. ALL COUNTRIES 30.6 43.2 50.6 59.8 70.3 52.1 0.435 39.719 0.19906 0.00632




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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 49.2 63.0 70.9 77.4 86.1 71.0 0.572 36.888 0.15098 0.00841Benin 1996 27.8 30.0 36.3 54.2 60.3 42.3 0.461 32.500 0.19112 0.01691Benin 2001 75.4 87.3 85.4 87.9 85.8 84.1 0.879 10.400 0.02693 0.00540Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 43.7 66.2 73.1 74.0 89.0 71.5 0.491 45.300 0.11582 0.00668Burkina Faso 2003 37.9 68.7 72.2 76.7 89.9 71.6 0.421 52.017 0.12349 0.00569Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 38.4 64.4 79.3 84.9 92.1 74.8 0.417 53.700 0.12339 0.00660Cameroon 2004 41.3 66.1 73.7 82.2 90.1 74.3 0.458 48.857 0.10954 0.00468Central African Republic 1994/95 60.9 78.2 87.2 95.6 95.4 84.1 0.638 34.500 0.08150 0.00620Chad 1996/97 7.6 9.0 37.3 43.4 79.8 38.8 0.095 72.200 0.42628 0.01114Chad 2004 16.5 44.5 53.1 67.2 81.6 55.8 0.201 65.193 0.23826 0.00868Comoros 1996 34.1 56.7 63.2 77.9 85.6 65.8 0.398 51.500 0.15416 0.01348Côte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 39.1 46.2 63.6 86.8 96.4 69.9 0.406 57.300 0.17928 0.01018Ethiopia 2000 8.3 12.3 17.1 20.7 58.4 23.8 0.142 50.100 0.47780 0.01915Gabon 2000 64.8 75.9 85.6 84.4 85.7 80.4 0.756 20.900 0.05150 0.00673Ghana 1993 55.3 59.5 80.1 86.4 90.9 75.4 0.608 35.600 0.10842 0.00886Ghana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 73.8 89.3 91.7 92.3 96.4 89.4 0.766 22.603 0.05272 0.00326Guinea 1999 74.1 77.5 86.3 89.8 95.9 85.7 0.773 21.800 0.05474 0.00524Kenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 61.8 75.1 84.6 85.0 89.5 81.0 0.691 27.700 0.06244 0.00521Kenya 2003 71.8 89.5 92.2 94.9 95.5 90.1 0.752 23.655 0.04509 0.00378Madagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 50.5 58.4 66.8 86.7 91.8 74.5 0.550 41.300 0.12351 0.00924Malawi 2000 37.7 75.2 74.5 75.8 84.7 69.7 0.445 47.000 0.12705 0.00669Mali 1995/96 59.0 76.8 83.1 90.3 93.9 81.3 0.628 34.900 0.08534 0.00588Mali 2001 76.3 76.5 80.7 85.6 90.7 82.6 0.841 14.400 0.04290 0.00467Mauritania 2000/01 17.6 32.3 42.9 40.1 50.0 38.8 0.352 32.400 0.16268 0.01498Mozambique 1997 3.7 19.8 35.9 55.4 74.6 39.9 0.050 70.900 0.34633 0.01153Mozambique 2003 58.2 62.6 79.0 84.3 89.2 75.0 0.652 31.001 0.09956 0.00655Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 55.4 72.6 84.0 89.6 93.2 82.0 0.594 37.800 0.06960 0.00543Niger 1998 73.7 75.0 79.5 79.4 91.5 80.7 0.805 17.800 0.04221 0.00426Nigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 74.4 84.5 86.5 88.4 93.9 86.1 0.793 19.456 0.03627 0.00539Rwanda 2000 41.1 37.8 59.2 75.1 87.7 64.3 0.469 46.600 0.15826 0.01512Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 16.2 20.8 47.0 71.0 85.5 52.2 0.189 69.300 0.29733 0.00924Tanzania 1999 18.5 39.4 33.2 59.4 65.5 45.2 0.282 47.000 0.17221 0.00968Tanzania 2004 56.1 78.3 80.5 89.8 90.8 79.8 0.619 34.623 0.07570 0.00609Togo 1998 18.1 21.6 29.7 37.4 55.3 34.2 0.327 37.200 0.23494 0.01284Uganda 1995 6.2 25.0 37.1 60.3 75.5 42.2 0.082 69.300 0.34369 0.01138Uganda 2000/01 * * * * * * - - na naZambia 1996 46.3 60.4 68.6 88.3 95.9 74.6 0.483 49.600 0.14036 0.00728Zambia 2001 29.1 49.1 64.0 76.0 90.6 64.6 0.321 61.500 0.19513 0.00788Zimbabwe 1994 17.4 36.2 41.4 55.6 77.2 51.2 0.225 59.800 0.22616 0.01114Zimbabwe 1999 45.8 54.3 68.6 80.1 92.5 72.0 0.495 46.700 0.13559 0.00657

G. ALL COUNTRIES 48.4 61.1 68.6 74.3 81.6 68.1 0.593 33.211 0.13405 0.00839




RADIO LISTENERSHIP AMONG MEN (Cont.)

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B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA 76.3 91.8 93.6 94.8 96.8 91.3 0.788 20.506 0.04457 0.00365Armenia 2000 76.0 87.3 88.7 91.4 95.3 88.4 0.797 19.300 0.03824 0.00327Kazakhstan 1995 82.3 93.1 95.5 95.4 97.7 93.5 0.842 15.400 0.03293 0.00305Kazakhstan 1999 69.8 89.3 94.0 93.6 97.0 90.1 0.719 27.229 0.04932 0.00370Kyrgyzstan 1997 67.3 92.4 93.1 96.3 96.6 89.7 0.697 29.300 0.06393 0.00435Turkey 1993 63.7 86.7 92.7 96.2 98.4 89.0 0.647 34.700 0.06660 0.00302Turkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 89.0 93.0 94.3 94.2 97.2 93.7 0.916 8.200 na naUzbekistan 1996 79.4 96.8 97.8 98.5 97.9 94.4 0.811 18.500 0.02678 0.00328

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 22.9 49.1 72.2 84.8 93.5 68.8 0.245 70.592 0.24374 0.00325Bolivia 1998 7.1 47.2 86.9 95.4 97.2 72.8 0.073 90.100 0.24943 0.00274Bolivia 2003 6.5 41.8 83.7 94.0 98.3 71.0 0.066 91.747 0.24623 0.00221Brazil 1996 60.1 90.0 93.8 95.5 97.0 88.7 0.620 36.900 0.07210 0.00233Colombia 1995 46.3 82.9 89.2 90.1 92.0 82.6 0.503 45.700 0.08582 0.00303Colombia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2005 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 1996 49.9 83.4 88.6 93.1 95.0 84.1 0.525 45.100 0.09431 0.00364Dominican Republic 2002 65.0 86.7 92.8 95.7 97.1 89.2 0.669 32.090 0.07685 0.00167Guatemala 1995 5.2 13.8 54.4 87.9 95.3 56.4 0.055 90.100 0.38908 0.00286Guatemala 1998/99 4.6 29.0 64.1 86.7 97.2 61.4 0.047 92.600 0.35008 0.00393Haiti 1994/95 2.1 2.9 8.9 35.6 81.5 31.2 0.026 79.400 0.56867 0.00992Haiti 2000 0.9 2.0 4.5 36.3 80.3 31.3 0.011 79.400 0.49492 0.00715Nicaragua 1997/98 10.2 39.9 80.1 91.0 96.4 68.4 0.106 86.200 0.27176 0.00248Nicaragua 2001 7.5 42.6 81.0 92.6 96.6 69.4 0.078 89.100 0.27067 0.00258Paraguay 1990 31.6 57.4 82.7 94.6 97.9 76.6 0.323 66.300 0.18709 0.00371Peru 1996 16.9 66.2 92.2 96.7 98.3 78.5 0.172 81.400 0.19898 0.00171Peru 2000 7.0 43.5 75.0 82.9 83.6 63.2 0.084 76.600 0.25198 0.00239




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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 4.2 8.2 14.7 28.6 64.0 26.2 0.065 59.863 0.63855 0.01562Benin 1996 24.5 39.2 47.2 59.6 82.1 51.9 0.298 57.600 0.22145 0.00680Benin 2001 2.3 4.1 6.1 16.6 66.0 22.0 0.035 63.700 0.59153 0.01389Burkina Faso 1992/93 0.8 0.6 0.8 3.6 43.3 11.2 0.019 42.535 1.10854 0.02541Burkina Faso 1998/99 0.9 2.0 3.0 5.1 48.2 12.6 0.019 47.300 0.89760 0.02370Burkina Faso 2003 2.8 3.9 5.6 12.3 68.6 20.9 0.040 65.835 0.63205 0.01074Cameroon 1991 4.4 8.9 18.8 38.1 85.9 34.0 0.051 81.500 0.53549 0.00973Cameroon 1998 6.5 8.9 20.9 43.3 75.1 32.9 0.087 68.600 0.47945 0.00903Cameroon 2004 2.4 7.0 19.9 50.5 81.4 35.9 0.030 78.949 0.49164 0.00547Central African Republic 1994/95 0.3 1.2 2.3 23.7 43.6 13.9 0.007 43.300 0.65091 0.02235Chad 1996/97 0.2 0.2 0.1 2.5 22.3 4.8 0.009 22.100 1.15137 0.04729Chad 2004 0.4 1.1 1.1 1.3 22.5 5.3 0.018 22.129 1.23172 0.04666Comoros 1996 6.8 11.4 18.9 20.8 60.0 25.2 0.113 53.200 0.42862 0.01811Côte d'Ivoire 1994 15.3 23.3 35.4 64.0 90.6 48.2 0.169 75.300 0.33894 0.00510Eritrea 1995 0.2 0.2 1.7 7.8 60.9 17.5 0.003 60.700 0.82359 0.01825Ethiopia 2000 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.8 16.8 4.4 0.012 16.600 1.53369 0.03818Gabon 2000 11.3 39.7 71.7 83.2 93.0 64.0 0.122 81.621 0.26417 0.00401Ghana 1993 17.5 16.3 21.2 51.0 82.7 40.7 0.212 65.200 0.35547 0.00908Ghana 1998 16.0 28.9 38.4 62.9 86.8 49.0 0.184 70.800 0.32126 0.00579Ghana 2003 7.2 16.6 33.4 53.7 85.5 43.9 0.084 78.309 0.38685 0.00520Guinea 1999 0.4 1.3 3.0 20.4 78.8 22.6 0.005 78.400 0.71742 0.01258Kenya 1993 2.5 3.2 7.0 9.4 43.6 14.9 0.057 41.069 0.56199 0.02052Kenya 1998 6.9 9.6 11.6 21.4 66.5 25.7 0.104 59.600 0.45172 0.01200Kenya 2003 2.8 6.4 14.2 35.3 65.9 28.8 0.043 63.048 0.51418 0.00790Madagascar 1997 0.9 1.4 1.4 5.1 51.5 13.8 0.017 50.600 0.91625 0.02119Malawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 0.2 0.7 0.8 1.4 15.2 3.8 0.013 15.000 0.83694 0.04285Mali 1995/96 6.2 12.9 17.3 30.9 73.2 29.8 0.085 67.000 0.41244 0.00886Mali 2001 11.2 11.6 12.1 29.6 79.1 31.0 0.142 67.900 0.44085 0.00768Mauritania 2000/01 3.1 3.8 12.9 30.8 72.3 26.6 0.043 69.200 0.56938 0.00985Mozambique 1997 0.3 1.2 1.4 9.4 37.9 10.4 0.008 37.600 0.95002 0.02577Mozambique 2003 0.4 1.0 1.9 9.8 53.8 14.8 0.008 53.326 0.78705 0.01479Namibia 1992 2.8 3.4 4.3 18.2 74.3 25.0 0.038 71.500 0.57706 0.01329Namibia 2000 4.6 3.4 10.6 44.8 92.4 35.9 0.050 87.800 0.53652 0.00631Niger 1998 8.5 14.1 17.7 21.5 62.7 25.4 0.136 54.200 0.45647 0.01121Nigeria 1990 2.9 4.0 10.6 26.2 80.7 25.5 0.036 77.800 0.68247 0.00860Nigeria 2003 3.6 8.0 17.8 52.6 86.8 35.9 0.042 83.152 0.48865 0.00623Rwanda 2000 1.0 1.4 1.2 1.9 23.1 6.3 0.043 22.100 0.97991 0.03499Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 11.6 37.6 70.6 89.5 95.5 64.2 0.121 83.900 0.27483 0.00281Tanzania 1996 0.8 1.7 3.5 5.4 28.0 8.8 0.029 27.200 0.73442 0.02806Tanzania 1999 0.8 0.4 1.2 1.8 14.0 4.3 0.057 13.200 1.41446 0.07708Tanzania 2004 1.5 3.4 4.3 10.2 53.1 17.1 0.029 51.587 0.63006 0.01449Togo 1998 14.5 19.0 26.8 45.7 79.8 41.1 0.182 65.300 0.36322 0.00626Uganda 1995 0.3 1.3 0.1 1.2 22.4 5.5 0.013 22.100 1.07522 0.04704Uganda 2000/01 1.1 0.5 2.3 3.8 35.0 9.7 0.031 33.900 0.86524 0.02883Zambia 1996 1.1 3.0 7.0 32.6 84.7 28.8 0.013 83.600 0.58242 0.00897Zambia 2001 0.7 1.5 4.6 26.3 78.7 24.9 0.009 78.000 0.60921 0.01146Zimbabwe 1994 2.5 4.1 7.4 26.5 78.1 27.8 0.032 75.600 0.56178 0.01075Zimbabwe 1999 1.7 4.7 11.6 37.7 80.8 31.8 0.021 79.100 0.51966 0.00988

G. ALL COUNTRIES 20.4 31.3 41.1 53.7 77.4 46.8 0.264 57.021 0.44185 0.01055




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TELEVISION VIEWERSHIP AMONG MEN


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 8.7 13.3 21.2 37.8 72.2 34.1 0.120 63.542 0.50013 0.02043Benin 1996 41.2 55.9 70.5 82.1 92.9 68.9 0.443 51.700 0.16775 0.00850Benin 2001 7.7 11.4 17.1 36.7 78.7 33.0 0.098 71.000 0.46611 0.01299Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 3.5 5.8 7.2 11.7 60.6 22.0 0.058 57.100 0.66608 0.02086Burkina Faso 2003 4.9 7.3 15.7 23.0 77.3 30.2 0.064 72.401 0.50654 0.01213Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 10.7 18.9 32.7 58.8 81.4 45.1 0.131 70.700 0.35845 0.00913Cameroon 2004 11.2 18.2 31.4 60.8 86.3 48.1 0.130 75.112 0.35501 0.00597Central African Republic 1994/95 2.4 3.6 6.7 36.3 58.3 21.6 0.041 55.900 0.57295 0.02792Chad 1996/97 0.0 0.7 0.3 2.6 38.7 10.7 - 38.700 1.01072 0.04789Chad 2004 1.3 4.8 6.5 8.4 39.3 14.3 0.033 38.052 0.73852 0.03255Comoros 1996 13.0 18.4 23.2 28.3 69.0 34.0 0.188 56.000 0.35458 0.02660Côte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 1.6 1.7 2.3 31.7 76.0 27.0 0.021 74.400 0.65843 0.02106Ethiopia 2000 1.4 1.4 2.7 2.6 28.0 7.5 0.050 26.600 1.23167 0.05885Gabon 2000 14.4 51.6 75.5 88.3 93.4 68.6 0.154 79.000 0.24718 0.00698Ghana 1993 27.9 30.8 23.0 56.4 86.5 46.5 0.323 58.600 0.26682 0.01580Ghana 1998 24.0 34.2 48.0 69.9 92.4 57.3 0.260 68.400 0.26900 0.00878Ghana 2003 10.4 20.4 44.5 67.9 92.3 50.7 0.113 81.846 0.34644 0.00494Guinea 1999 2.1 6.8 10.3 29.7 82.1 30.5 0.026 80.000 0.57988 0.01555Kenya 1993 11.1 14.6 22.5 29.7 56.2 30.7 0.198 45.081 0.34760 0.01762Kenya 1998 17.7 24.3 38.0 51.0 76.1 45.9 0.233 58.400 0.25464 0.01014Kenya 2003 13.2 19.2 30.3 47.4 68.2 39.9 0.193 55.010 0.32618 0.00957Madagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 2.7 3.9 4.3 6.1 22.5 8.5 0.120 19.800 0.52033 0.04668Mali 1995/96 9.1 15.7 29.5 44.5 82.7 38.3 0.110 73.600 0.36169 0.01291Mali 2001 22.2 22.7 23.4 43.5 85.6 43.3 0.259 63.400 0.31642 0.01060Mauritania 2000/01 2.1 9.1 27.6 42.7 73.4 37.5 0.029 71.300 0.43324 0.01159Mozambique 1997 1.0 6.0 7.4 26.8 52.1 20.1 0.019 51.100 0.67839 0.02396Mozambique 2003 0.7 3.5 4.2 22.1 67.5 22.5 0.011 66.771 0.68952 0.01859Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 8.8 8.4 19.5 53.0 90.7 41.9 0.097 81.900 0.43221 0.00872Niger 1998 20.9 25.7 30.9 32.5 78.8 40.8 0.265 57.900 0.30857 0.01012Nigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 14.5 19.6 31.7 57.8 90.8 46.2 0.159 76.371 0.36329 0.00930Rwanda 2000 4.9 5.6 4.9 3.6 47.7 14.9 0.103 42.800 0.75188 0.06486Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 5.6 8.5 7.6 13.0 47.0 18.0 0.119 41.400 0.53209 0.02819Tanzania 1999 3.3 3.9 3.1 5.9 26.3 9.5 0.125 23.000 0.75974 0.04015Tanzania 2004 6.1 9.3 12.7 23.8 65.5 25.3 0.092 59.446 0.46836 0.01930Togo 1998 30.4 32.9 52.2 68.9 90.0 57.8 0.338 59.600 0.25727 0.00632Uganda 1995 0.1 1.9 1.3 5.0 29.8 8.5 0.003 29.700 0.95215 0.05941Uganda 2000/01 * * * * * * - - * *Zambia 1996 4.0 4.8 12.5 56.1 86.4 38.0 0.046 82.400 0.49673 0.01273Zambia 2001 3.4 4.1 12.8 38.2 86.2 33.6 0.039 82.800 0.51506 0.01434Zimbabwe 1994 13.0 18.6 21.3 41.8 78.3 41.0 0.166 65.300 0.36766 0.01233Zimbabwe 1999 7.4 9.1 18.6 53.7 85.0 41.2 0.087 77.600 0.42338 0.01015

G. ALL COUNTRIES 19.4 28.3 36.7 50.7 78.2 45.4 0.248 58.781 0.40761 0.01637



TELEVISION VIEWERSHIP AMONG MEN (Cont.)


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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC 48.0 59.2 65.4 71.3 81.0 65.5 0.593 32.936 0.15048 0.00359Cambodia 2000 59.2 66.0 71.2 77.9 91.0 73.7 0.651 31.800 0.11683 0.00291Indonesia 1997 5.4 10.8 16.0 28.9 52.0 22.3 0.103 46.631 0.38885 0.00578Indonesia 2002/03 8.6 15.4 24.6 35.1 54.9 27.6 0.156 46.289 0.33551 0.00481Philippines 1998 na na na na na na na na na naPhilippines 2003 54.0 69.7 76.3 80.1 83.2 74.2 0.648 29.253 0.07165 0.00297Vietnam 1997 71.8 80.9 82.7 89.2 92.2 83.5 0.779 20.400 0.05543 0.00346Vietnam 2002 70.4 85.5 89.6 91.9 94.8 86.6 0.743 24.400 0.07793 0.00367

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA 48.1 56.3 62.9 68.6 79.5 64.3 0.605 31.425 0.12336 0.00547Armenia 2000 41.6 49.3 59.5 67.1 72.5 59.1 0.574 30.900 0.11798 0.00620Kazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1999 65.7 79.1 81.6 84.9 91.1 81.8 0.721 25.400 0.06742 0.00444Kyrgyzstan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1993 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1998 27.0 38.4 50.9 58.3 76.7 52.2 0.352 49.700 0.18469 0.00575Turkmenistan 2000 58.1 58.5 59.7 64.2 77.8 64.1 0.747 19.700 na naUzbekistan 1996 na na na na na na na na na na

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 47.7 60.7 68.9 77.5 83.0 69.8 0.575 35.295 0.12534 0.00326Bolivia 1998 13.4 36.1 60.9 80.7 88.9 61.2 0.151 75.476 0.24944 0.00344Bolivia 2003 15.4 34.8 55.7 74.0 87.2 58.1 0.177 71.732 0.23779 0.00300Brazil 1996 82.6 95.3 98.1 98.1 99.1 95.3 0.834 16.500 0.03363 0.00154Colombia 1995 59.2 82.6 88.6 93.0 94.7 85.7 0.625 35.510 0.07090 0.00249Colombia 2000 54.6 71.2 76.6 79.1 79.2 73.5 0.689 24.600 0.05878 0.00342Colombia 2005 67.9 80.6 84.9 86.6 88.8 82.8 0.765 20.887 0.05227 0.00153Dominican Republic 1996 98.6 99.1 99.6 99.5 99.5 99.3 0.991 0.900 0.00479 0.00083Dominican Republic 2002 80.6 90.1 92.4 94.5 94.6 91.2 0.853 13.917 0.03267 0.00137Guatemala 1995 30.7 33.5 38.1 61.9 85.3 52.8 0.360 54.600 0.19915 0.00487Guatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 94.8 96.9 97.3 97.5 98.1 97.1 0.966 3.300 0.00535 0.00148Haiti 2000 31.8 45.6 49.0 66.7 80.4 58.2 0.395 48.632 0.16444 0.00625Nicaragua 1997/98 78.8 89.2 95.0 97.5 97.8 92.7 0.806 19.000 0.04033 0.00160Nicaragua 2001 20.8 30.8 36.0 44.9 49.7 38.2 0.419 28.900 0.17135 0.00654Paraguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 67.1 83.7 93.1 96.0 97.8 89.2 0.686 30.700 0.06475 0.00130Peru 2000 34.6 47.8 66.4 77.6 81.1 64.5 0.427 46.500 0.18523 0.00257

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naEgypt 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEgypt 2000 na na na na na na na na na naJordan 1997 53.8 63.4 67.0 70.5 73.0 65.8 0.737 19.200 na naMorocco 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMorocco 2003/04 25.9 37.8 60.9 74.3 82.1 58.0 0.315 56.252 0.19932 0.00333Yemen 1997 na na na na na na na na na na

E. SOUTH ASIA 8.4 14.9 23.1 35.8 61.1 28.6 0.137 52.754 0.39030 0.00627Bangladesh 1996/97 18.8 17.7 18.1 16.5 32.1 20.6 0.586 13.300 0.11691 0.01320Bangladesh 1999/2000 38.6 40.4 44.0 42.3 60.6 45.2 0.637 22.000 0.61650 0.01340Bangladesh 2004 9.7 17.0 26.4 40.2 64.2 31.6 0.150 54.563 0.36134 0.00679India 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1998/99 4.6 8.7 19.3 33.6 59.6 25.3 0.076 55.055 0.48224 0.00300Nepal 1996 63.2 68.4 69.2 72.8 79.0 70.3 0.800 15.800 0.04444 0.00398Nepal 2001 10.9 19.1 23.8 33.6 59.6 28.9 0.184 48.645 0.32733 0.00904Pakistan 1990/91 na na na na na na na na na na

Knowledge and Attitudes about HIV/AIDSPart IV: Underlying Determinants of HNP Status

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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 63.5 69.9 74.5 79.9 88.3 75.9 0.719 24.809 0.09592 0.00380Benin 1996 79.5 80.1 83.8 88.8 90.8 84.9 0.876 11.300 0.03312 0.00332Benin 2001 41.3 53.1 57.7 60.7 72.5 58.2 0.570 31.200 0.11234 0.00623Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 65.5 73.5 68.2 72.8 90.6 74.5 0.723 25.139 0.07005 0.00367Burkina Faso 2003 60.2 62.9 62.4 66.2 84.4 68.0 0.713 24.243 0.07852 0.00338Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 58.3 75.8 80.5 87.3 93.2 79.2 0.626 34.857 0.08536 0.00395Cameroon 2004 58.2 68.2 74.8 83.2 90.7 76.2 0.641 32.527 0.08842 0.00315Central African Republic 1994/95 79.0 85.8 90.9 94.6 96.3 89.1 0.821 17.259 0.04201 0.00273Chad 1996/97 28.1 41.7 45.2 62.9 85.2 52.2 0.329 57.140 0.21560 0.00526Chad 2004 26.0 43.1 43.9 54.0 55.8 44.6 0.466 29.831 0.14156 0.00735Comoros 1996 36.0 51.6 64.7 69.9 81.1 61.9 0.444 45.100 0.15440 0.00775Côte d'Ivoire 1994 71.7 81.6 82.9 83.0 91.6 82.7 0.783 19.900 0.04533 0.00307Eritrea 1995 44.1 48.5 63.1 83.4 92.6 68.3 0.476 48.500 0.28584 0.00575Ethiopia 2000 48.0 47.5 49.7 55.8 83.1 58.2 0.578 35.011 0.16181 0.00350Gabon 2000 94.3 95.3 97.0 96.8 96.6 96.1 0.976 2.300 0.01847 0.00208Ghana 1993 92.8 94.9 95.9 97.5 97.9 96.1 0.948 5.100 0.01054 0.00179Ghana 1998 61.0 73.4 73.8 84.3 89.9 77.2 0.679 28.900 0.10492 0.00447Ghana 2003 52.6 60.6 66.4 68.0 67.9 63.8 0.775 15.289 0.04670 0.00562Guinea 1999 85.4 87.4 91.4 95.9 97.9 91.7 0.873 12.427 0.03164 0.00217Kenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 94.5 96.3 97.0 97.9 98.6 97.0 0.958 4.100 0.00937 0.00143Kenya 2003 72.6 82.0 85.4 89.3 90.5 84.8 0.803 17.845 0.05825 0.00298Madagascar 1997 18.6 24.4 33.1 49.3 78.6 42.3 0.237 59.924 0.30758 0.00651Malawi 1992 81.6 87.7 90.7 92.5 94.5 89.5 0.863 12.900 0.02789 0.00282Malawi 2000 90.0 92.1 93.3 95.5 98.3 93.8 0.916 8.300 0.02338 0.00139Mali 1995/96 63.7 77.9 79.2 85.0 93.7 80.4 0.680 30.000 0.06614 0.00285Mali 2001 42.7 41.4 39.3 52.3 80.5 52.6 0.530 37.835 0.14849 0.00484Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 20.5 27.5 23.4 27.5 39.7 27.4 0.516 19.202 0.16135 0.01112Mozambique 2003 44.5 52.4 61.3 67.7 87.0 63.0 0.511 42.489 0.13646 0.00359Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 78.8 84.3 89.6 89.8 97.0 88.7 0.812 18.200 0.04266 0.00273Niger 1998 79.7 82.1 83.9 83.0 92.1 84.3 0.865 12.400 0.22332 0.00624Nigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 37.1 48.2 61.6 68.0 81.0 60.2 0.458 43.875 0.14355 0.00499Rwanda 2000 93.7 95.2 94.6 96.4 97.4 95.7 0.962 3.700 0.00612 0.00116Senegal 1997 60.8 66.1 75.6 84.7 93.7 77.8 0.649 32.900 0.11734 0.00366South Africa 1998 70.2 81.4 84.8 89.8 92.4 84.5 0.761 22.114 0.04990 0.00238Tanzania 1996 77.8 85.1 86.1 91.3 95.0 87.6 0.819 17.200 0.03615 0.00245Tanzania 1999 70.2 75.1 73.1 84.5 90.0 79.4 0.780 19.800 0.05512 0.00427Tanzania 2004 89.3 93.5 94.8 96.9 98.7 95.0 0.905 9.395 0.01783 0.00154Togo 1998 83.1 85.5 88.0 92.6 94.2 89.3 0.882 11.100 0.04738 0.00260Uganda 1995 96.2 97.9 98.5 98.7 99.2 98.1 0.970 3.000 0.00362 0.00081Uganda 2000/01 75.8 81.8 86.1 90.0 95.0 86.2 0.798 19.200 0.04088 0.00265Zambia 1996 96.1 96.7 97.6 98.6 99.2 97.7 0.969 3.100 0.00742 0.00106Zambia 2001 69.4 78.0 85.4 89.7 93.6 83.9 0.741 24.200 0.05854 0.00297Zimbabwe 1994 94.8 94.1 96.2 98.0 98.5 96.5 0.962 3.700 0.01144 0.00146Zimbabwe 1999 75.1 81.9 84.5 89.3 92.7 85.6 0.810 17.600 0.05689 0.00342

G. ALL COUNTRIES 54.2 62.3 68.3 74.8 84.0 69.7 0.645 29.852 0.12837 0.00396


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B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na 0.06396 0.00849Armenia 2000 51.1 64.5 77.2 76.3 85.3 71.9 0.599 34.200 0.09419 0.00884Kazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na 0.01183Kazakhstan 1999 77.2 88.1 86.5 93.0 92.3 88.0 0.836 15.100 0.04175 0.00695Kyrgyzstan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1993 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1998 55.8 59.8 63.9 68.9 76.7 66.0 0.728 20.900 0.05596 0.00967Turkmenistan 2000 na na na na na na na na na naUzbekistan 1996 na na na na na na na na na na





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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 82.0 84.3 87.5 89.8 94.0 88.1 0.872 12.004 0.03965 0.00432Benin 1996 91.1 95.0 95.0 96.3 99.8 95.5 0.913 8.700 0.01739 0.00251Benin 2001 71.1 75.1 80.8 81.6 88.6 79.7 0.802 17.500 0.05708 0.00580Burkina Faso 1992/93 67.5 68.7 65.2 79.4 89.3 74.7 0.755 21.848 0.07589 0.00703Burkina Faso 1998/99 85.6 90.4 90.5 88.7 96.8 91.1 0.884 11.255 0.02390 0.00320Burkina Faso 2003 76.5 75.6 78.5 80.5 93.6 82.0 0.817 17.114 0.04732 0.00426Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 86.4 94.5 96.4 98.1 99.7 95.7 0.867 13.300 0.03241 0.00348Cameroon 2004 81.2 89.0 90.0 89.3 94.4 89.6 0.861 13.163 0.02338 0.00282Central African Republic 1994/95 98.4 99.3 98.7 100.0 99.4 99.2 0.990 1.000 0.00444 0.00208Chad 1996/97 62.2 77.7 85.0 87.1 95.0 83.4 0.654 32.863 0.06408 0.00556Chad 2004 69.1 73.9 59.3 68.4 78.5 70.5 0.880 9.458 0.03181 0.00810Comoros 1996 72.5 79.4 83.9 85.5 89.8 83.0 0.807 17.300 0.04700 0.00974Côte d'Ivoire 1994 93.1 93.0 94.3 95.6 98.2 94.9 0.948 5.100 0.01297 0.00244Eritrea 1995 91.5 83.2 89.9 96.4 99.2 92.5 0.922 7.700 0.08403 0.00760Ethiopia 2000 81.8 85.2 86.1 88.7 94.0 87.2 0.870 12.194 0.04204 0.00442Gabon 2000 95.1 97.8 98.1 97.7 98.6 97.6 0.965 3.500 0.00762 0.00224Ghana 1993 89.8 94.9 91.6 96.2 97.3 94.1 0.923 7.500 0.01576 0.00388Ghana 1998 78.4 80.4 84.5 92.7 94.1 87.0 0.833 15.700 0.05471 0.00588Ghana 2003 65.7 68.0 74.4 75.7 80.6 73.5 0.816 14.824 0.04524 0.00482Guinea 1999 85.1 84.2 93.8 96.3 98.9 92.3 0.861 13.720 0.03487 0.00371Kenya 1993 35.1 38.0 43.0 45.1 50.4 43.4 0.697 15.258 0.08143 0.01370Kenya 1998 98.5 98.6 99.4 99.3 99.6 99.2 0.989 1.100 0.00228 0.00119Kenya 2003 82.2 88.5 92.1 92.9 95.3 91.1 0.862 13.129 0.03918 0.00353Madagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 84.9 91.3 95.2 98.1 96.1 94.1 0.883 11.200 0.02039 0.00440Malawi 2000 96.7 97.3 98.6 98.1 98.2 97.7 0.985 1.500 0.00637 0.00184Mali 1995/96 90.7 94.4 95.2 94.8 99.0 95.0 0.916 8.300 0.01557 0.00279Mali 2001 71.8 69.7 68.8 77.4 88.3 76.3 0.813 16.500 0.06068 0.00554Mauritania 2000/01 58.7 63.9 75.4 85.4 89.2 77.2 0.658 30.500 0.16888 0.00858Mozambique 1997 38.5 44.1 35.6 49.5 70.8 48.4 0.544 32.274 0.15452 0.01156Mozambique 2003 67.9 63.0 71.7 84.3 90.4 76.3 0.751 22.515 0.07154 0.00535Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 87.5 92.1 94.3 93.1 97.6 93.5 0.897 10.100 0.03137 0.00359Niger 1998 91.8 88.9 92.3 94.4 97.3 93.1 0.943 5.500 0.04507 0.00371Nigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 67.0 80.9 89.1 83.3 89.4 82.5 0.749 22.425 0.04590 0.00564Rwanda 2000 na na na na na na na na 0.00282 0.00143Senegal 1997 74.1 81.9 87.8 92.7 97.0 87.4 0.764 22.900 0.07380 0.00387South Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 86.9 89.8 93.7 90.1 96.9 91.9 0.897 10.000 0.02057 0.00370Tanzania 1999 85.1 87.0 86.7 92.9 95.3 89.9 0.893 10.200 0.02007 0.00293Tanzania 2004 93.0 94.3 97.7 96.8 97.9 96.1 0.950 4.853 0.01248 0.00290Togo 1998 93.2 96.3 96.8 98.5 99.7 97.2 0.935 6.500 0.01956 0.00213Uganda 1995 99.3 99.3 98.8 99.3 99.4 99.3 0.999 0.100 0.00083 0.00102Uganda 2000/01 90.4 92.2 93.9 95.5 98.1 94.1 0.922 7.700 0.01450 0.00305Zambia 1996 99.6 99.0 99.8 100.0 100.0 99.7 0.996 0.400 0.00139 0.00066Zambia 2001 87.9 89.5 96.0 91.6 95.1 92.3 0.924 7.200 0.01974 0.00402Zimbabwe 1994 96.6 98.3 99.0 99.7 100.0 99.0 0.966 3.400 0.00702 0.00153Zimbabwe 1999 89.0 89.2 92.1 94.0 97.2 93.0 0.916 8.200 0.02081 0.00333

G. ALL COUNTRIES 74.3 79.3 83.6 86.9 92.4 83.9 0.804 18.068 0.05724 0.00479



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C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 63.1 65.9 76.1 81.4 85.1 74.0 0.742 21.977 0.09375 0.00294Bolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 23.5 45.7 66.4 81.3 90.7 65.9 0.259 67.179 0.18859 0.00275Brazil 1996 91.6 90.0 93.1 93.5 94.9 90.6 0.965 3.300 0.03423 0.00189Colombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 88.6 86.3 90.6 91.9 91.4 87.9 0.969 2.800 0.03255 0.00218Colombia 2005 74.6 86.7 90.5 92.6 93.5 88.6 0.797 18.962 0.04200 0.00126Dominican Republic 1996 95.7 96.4 95.1 96.6 96.8 95.6 0.989 1.100 0.00811 0.00150Dominican Republic 2002 72.1 80.7 83.4 86.1 89.7 83.3 0.804 17.597 0.04222 0.00179Guatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 66.5 60.6 72.4 82.5 90.3 73.5 0.736 23.800 0.11121 0.00455Haiti 2000 33.5 31.7 35.2 40.0 42.3 36.6 0.792 8.800 0.08184 0.00814Nicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 2001 77.4 71.9 82.2 86.0 91.8 79.5 0.843 14.400 0.08853 0.00272Paraguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 79.1 69.8 86.9 91.5 93.5 78.9 0.846 14.400 0.14170 0.00180Peru 2000 69.3 54.8 81.6 90.3 92.9 73.7 0.746 23.600 0.17883 0.00201


E. SOUTH ASIA na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1999/2000 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 2004 25.3 38.6 52.6 69.4 87.2 54.7 0.290 61.948 0.23384 0.00389India 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 1996 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 2001 32.7 30.4 35.0 48.3 72.3 41.2 0.452 39.600 0.24601 0.00671Pakistan 1990/91 na na na na na na na na na na


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 58.1 60.5 65.8 72.2 84.1 68.0 0.690 26.042 0.11233 0.00428Benin 1996 56.9 51.8 61.9 74.1 82.1 61.6 0.693 25.200 0.16456 0.00575Benin 2001 72.0 69.5 74.4 82.8 87.7 75.2 0.821 15.700 0.08463 0.00418Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 40.1 40.1 40.0 47.0 78.3 48.2 0.512 38.200 0.20587 0.00652Burkina Faso 2003 49.2 53.3 56.3 60.4 80.3 60.9 0.613 31.077 0.10596 0.00394Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 58.9 50.9 66.3 76.5 83.4 64.6 0.706 24.500 0.13811 0.00544Cameroon 2004 47.2 57.8 71.1 82.9 90.3 71.6 0.523 43.066 0.13036 0.00339Central African Republic 1994/95 64.9 61.3 68.6 81.4 88.3 69.8 0.735 23.400 0.11336 0.00461Chad 1996/97 28.2 26.6 30.8 43.5 65.7 36.0 0.429 37.500 0.28017 0.00787Chad 2004 15.2 51.6 57.0 63.1 73.0 51.9 0.208 57.842 0.20996 0.00551Comoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 63.3 61.4 65.1 67.5 78.2 65.7 0.809 14.900 0.07760 0.00469Eritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 43.8 42.4 45.2 52.2 80.5 54.4 0.544 36.700 0.17669 0.00381Gabon 2000 82.0 76.4 86.9 87.5 90.5 83.0 0.906 8.500 0.05527 0.00345Ghana 1993 72.0 71.0 72.9 84.4 91.3 77.9 0.789 19.300 0.07195 0.00447Ghana 1998 84.7 82.6 86.7 92.3 94.1 85.3 0.900 9.400 0.07463 0.00365Ghana 2003 58.1 71.7 78.4 84.6 89.6 78.0 0.649 31.457 0.07951 0.00381Guinea 1999 55.3 49.0 61.7 68.2 77.7 62.9 0.712 22.400 0.08691 0.00531Kenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 84.0 83.4 84.6 89.6 89.3 85.1 0.941 5.300 0.02643 0.00289Kenya 2003 74.3 85.7 89.0 91.3 92.1 87.3 0.807 17.801 0.04883 0.00275Madagascar 1997 48.3 44.4 52.6 67.6 89.4 58.3 0.540 41.100 0.20006 0.00469Malawi 1992 74.8 73.6 75.8 81.6 89.2 77.8 0.839 14.400 0.05485 0.00408Malawi 2000 67.9 66.7 69.1 72.6 80.9 70.4 0.839 13.000 0.05057 0.00315Mali 1995/96 29.6 26.7 32.6 47.2 73.5 40.8 0.403 43.900 0.27240 0.00637Mali 2001 32.6 33.5 31.8 43.6 74.5 45.2 0.438 41.900 0.16875 0.00576Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 44.9 51.0 58.3 64.4 81.3 60.4 0.552 36.419 0.12938 0.00385Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 83.9 83.9 83.8 90.0 94.4 87.0 0.889 10.500 0.03775 0.00284Niger 1998 15.5 14.5 16.9 22.0 62.3 26.3 0.249 46.800 0.40087 0.01109Nigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 28.8 38.5 50.6 58.9 78.0 52.2 0.369 49.206 0.18334 0.00584Rwanda 2000 78.3 77.5 79.3 82.2 88.0 81.2 0.890 9.700 0.02931 0.00250Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 69.8 68.9 70.7 77.4 84.7 73.0 0.824 14.900 0.07064 0.00383Tanzania 1999 72.7 71.1 74.1 84.7 90.1 78.9 0.807 17.400 0.04955 0.00382Tanzania 2004 na na na na na na na na na naTogo 1998 68.4 63.9 72.7 82.2 87.3 74.3 0.784 18.900 0.09129 0.00356Uganda 1995 83.5 82.7 84.3 86.4 89.8 84.9 0.930 6.300 0.02101 0.00269Uganda 2000/01 79.5 76.3 82.7 83.4 91.8 81.3 0.866 12.300 0.04961 0.00310Zambia 1996 87.1 85.3 88.8 90.9 93.2 88.4 0.935 6.100 0.02633 0.00243Zambia 2001 82.5 82.1 82.9 88.9 90.8 84.3 0.909 8.300 0.03590 0.00298Zimbabwe 1994 90.1 87.4 92.4 95.8 97.5 92.0 0.924 7.400 0.03423 0.00236Zimbabwe 1999 79.7 80.1 79.3 83.4 87.7 81.5 0.909 8.000 0.03780 0.00357

G. ALL COUNTRIES 57.3 60.3 66.7 73.3 83.8 68.0 0.683 26.545 0.11494 0.00395



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B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na 0.05385 0.00738Armenia 2000 74.9 70.3 79.4 87.1 85.7 77.9 0.874 10.800 0.05502 0.00758Kazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na 0.01183Kazakhstan 1999 85.8 79.5 92.0 87.5 90.7 86.4 0.946 4.900 0.03164 0.00660Kyrgyzstan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1993 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1998 71.2 66.0 75.8 80.4 84.5 73.8 0.843 13.300 0.07488 0.00796Turkmenistan 2000 na na na na na na na na na naUzbekistan 1996 na na na na na na na na na na

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 37.6 61.8 74.2 85.6 91.0 72.1 0.413 53.375 0.13735 0.00425Brazil 1996 88.1 86.0 90.3 90.3 90.2 86.2 0.977 2.100 0.04288 0.00473Colombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2005 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 1996 93.3 92.6 94.0 91.6 95.3 92.9 0.979 2.000 0.00984 0.00281Dominican Republic 2002 69.7 76.4 79.2 84.8 87.4 79.0 0.797 17.758 0.05677 0.00565Guatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 65.7 62.6 69.8 83.4 91.7 73.4 0.716 26.000 0.09771 0.00792Haiti 2000 63.4 60.3 67.2 78.5 81.3 70.3 0.780 17.900 0.06748 0.00660Nicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 2001 na na na na na na na na na naParaguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 80.7 71.9 87.6 93.0 94.4 83.7 0.855 13.700 0.09152 0.00548Peru 2000 na na na na na na na na na na


E. SOUTH ASIA na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1999/2000 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 2004 53.3 60.3 74.4 84.5 93.0 74.3 0.573 39.692 0.11396 0.00446India 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 1996 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 2001 na na na na na na na na na naPakistan 1990/91 na na na na na na na na na na


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 65.5 67.5 70.9 76.4 85.6 73.8 0.764 20.186 0.07197 0.00656Benin 1996 73.6 68.4 79.3 83.8 90.8 76.4 0.811 17.200 0.09088 0.00625Benin 2001 70.9 71.2 70.6 78.3 85.3 73.2 0.831 14.400 0.07719 0.00658Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 54.0 52.3 56.1 59.4 84.5 62.3 0.639 30.500 0.13445 0.00778Burkina Faso 2003 63.8 63.7 68.1 72.5 90.6 73.3 0.704 26.828 0.08038 0.00541Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 64.2 59.9 68.0 73.1 78.5 68.1 0.818 14.300 0.07162 0.00764Cameroon 2004 80.1 79.5 84.4 85.5 90.7 84.9 0.883 10.586 0.02706 0.00329Central African Republic 1994/95 78.9 78.3 79.5 90.3 90.2 82.6 0.875 11.300 0.03943 0.00626Chad 1996/97 41.2 39.9 43.0 46.4 67.6 47.7 0.609 26.400 0.15096 0.01197Chad 2004 37.4 70.6 63.6 68.4 78.5 65.6 0.477 41.039 0.11188 0.00927Comoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 66.2 66.0 66.4 70.5 73.3 68.1 0.903 7.100 0.03300 0.00802Eritrea 1995 54.4 46.9 61.9 86.1 94.1 70.5 0.578 39.700 0.13976 0.01004Ethiopia 2000 62.3 63.5 61.0 66.0 85.4 66.4 0.730 23.100 0.09245 0.00764Gabon 2000 83.4 82.3 84.6 92.1 92.1 86.5 0.906 8.700 0.03817 0.00510Ghana 1993 77.1 73.4 80.5 88.3 92.9 81.3 0.830 15.800 0.06573 0.00766Ghana 1998 87.1 85.8 88.2 91.7 95.4 88.3 0.913 8.300 0.05321 0.00562Ghana 2003 73.0 82.7 87.6 86.7 94.2 85.5 0.775 21.233 0.05188 0.00331Guinea 1999 45.4 39.9 50.7 65.9 77.5 58.8 0.586 32.100 0.12413 0.01071Kenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 81.9 81.4 82.4 85.9 88.1 84.5 0.930 6.200 0.01433 0.00421Kenya 2003 78.6 87.3 87.7 89.4 94.4 88.5 0.832 15.845 0.04032 0.00389Madagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 82.1 78.5 85.6 88.6 92.9 86.2 0.884 10.800 0.03847 0.00682Malawi 2000 73.7 75.6 71.1 75.5 80.0 74.7 0.921 6.300 0.02377 0.00602Mali 1995/96 46.6 43.5 50.0 60.1 77.3 55.7 0.603 30.700 0.14266 0.01019Mali 2001 52.9 53.5 52.2 62.8 76.2 62.4 0.694 23.300 0.06579 0.00781Mauritania 2000/01 37.7 32.4 43.2 63.1 77.4 52.9 0.487 39.700 0.22825 0.01027Mozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 51.4 57.5 68.5 70.7 85.0 67.4 0.605 33.575 0.10130 0.00707Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 86.3 86.6 86.0 82.7 88.0 85.6 0.981 1.700 0.01677 0.00464Niger 1998 29.9 29.5 30.3 37.7 69.8 42.0 0.428 39.900 0.20997 0.01083Nigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 44.9 54.8 72.1 64.9 76.8 63.7 0.584 31.932 0.08963 0.00865Rwanda 2000 na na na na na na na na 0.02029 0.00402Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 74.9 73.1 76.5 78.1 85.6 76.2 0.875 10.700 0.05676 0.00712Tanzania 1999 77.0 76.1 77.7 84.9 88.4 80.7 0.871 11.400 0.03035 0.00427Tanzania 2004 84.4 87.7 92.0 92.7 95.1 90.6 0.887 10.727 0.02532 0.00375Togo 1998 74.8 71.4 78.2 84.4 90.9 79.2 0.823 16.100 0.06905 0.00471Uganda 1995 81.2 77.9 84.4 84.6 90.2 84.3 0.900 9.000 0.02622 0.00519Uganda 2000/01 77.1 78.0 76.1 81.6 92.4 81.5 0.834 15.300 0.04072 0.00577Zambia 1996 70.8 69.0 72.2 87.7 94.6 81.1 0.748 23.800 0.06353 0.00620Zambia 2001 82.3 80.2 84.4 82.7 88.6 82.8 0.929 6.300 0.03112 0.00587Zimbabwe 1994 87.8 87.7 87.9 94.5 97.1 92.0 0.904 9.300 0.02928 0.00387Zimbabwe 1999 81.2 81.9 80.5 82.9 88.9 83.4 0.913 7.700 0.02162 0.00496

G. ALL COUNTRIES 64.6 67.2 72.3 78.0 85.8 73.9 0.753 21.199 0.07621 0.00634




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B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na na naArmenia 2000 87.6 89.1 86.2 82.9 79.8 85.3 1.098 7.800 -0.02512 0.00296Kazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1999 21.8 19.3 24.0 37.3 45.6 30.2 0.478 23.800 0.24285 0.01291Kyrgyzstan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1993 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 76.8 76.6 77.0 76.0 62.0 73.1 1.239 14.800 na naUzbekistan 1996 na na na na na na na na na na

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 42.8 47.2 44.8 41.7 40.2 43.3 1.064 2.592 -0.02769 0.00607Bolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 35.6 41.0 47.5 48.7 51.0 47.3 0.697 15.452 0.05468 0.00533Brazil 1996 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 13.3 15.0 11.8 10.4 9.8 12.0 1.357 3.500 -0.08388 0.01489Colombia 2005 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 2002 27.6 31.4 35.1 37.7 42.9 35.7 0.643 15.290 0.07013 0.00513Guatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 74.3 77.7 71.0 65.8 63.2 69.8 1.176 11.100 -0.05260 0.00558Nicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 2001 24.7 23.8 25.4 23.1 20.2 22.6 1.223 4.500 0.00525 0.00996Paraguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 2000 51.9 61.9 45.0 33.4 23.8 41.2 2.181 28.100 -0.21590 0.00433




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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA na na na na na na na na 0.00691 0.00611Benin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 78.6 78.9 78.3 77.6 59.0 73.4 1.332 19.600 -0.05594 0.00485Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 49.5 47.5 52.5 52.6 61.7 53.4 0.801 12.273 0.05385 0.00502Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 61.2 65.9 71.6 79.5 90.0 75.1 0.681 28.715 0.08046 0.00324Central African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naChad 2004 63.3 73.3 75.2 73.9 82.2 74.8 0.770 18.902 0.04389 0.00463Comoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGabon 2000 53.2 47.4 58.2 59.1 72.9 57.0 0.730 19.700 0.10931 0.00632Ghana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 56.0 48.6 55.4 62.0 75.1 60.9 0.745 19.150 0.06630 0.00577Guinea 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 2003 59.8 68.6 71.5 79.4 85.9 74.5 0.696 26.063 0.07875 0.00362Madagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 50.4 50.6 50.2 47.0 30.6 46.9 1.647 19.800 -0.10554 0.00524Mali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na na naMali 2001 48.2 48.9 47.5 43.9 29.5 43.1 1.634 18.700 -0.10840 0.00617Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 65.2 69.7 71.7 77.9 88.4 75.1 0.737 23.214 0.06003 0.00282Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 24.0 22.2 25.6 26.0 17.3 22.3 1.387 6.700 -0.09448 0.01376Niger 1998 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 38.4 44.3 42.4 47.8 55.5 46.7 0.691 17.131 0.07628 0.00778Rwanda 2000 na na na na na na na na na naSenegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 78.7 80.8 84.3 87.2 93.9 85.7 0.839 15.127 0.04052 0.00239Togo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 55.6 56.7 54.4 48.0 32.9 49.7 1.690 22.700 -0.11688 0.00639Zambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 na na na na na na na na -0.02456 0.01369Zimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 na na na na na na na na na na




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B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na na naArmenia 2000 80.2 80.5 79.9 80.8 80.1 80.9 1.001 0.100 -0.01378 0.00649Kazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na 0.01183Kazakhstan 1999 51.1 52.1 50.0 45.2 36.2 48.0 1.412 14.900 -0.04720 0.01724Kyrgyzstan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1993 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 na na na na na na na na na naUzbekistan 1996 na na na na na na na na na na

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 68.7 67.6 66.0 75.0 83.4 73.4 0.823 14.737 0.03937 0.00472Brazil 1996 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2005 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 2002 21.2 22.8 27.7 27.1 23.7 24.5 0.894 2.526 0.04227 0.02062Guatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 68.3 71.8 64.1 61.9 50.9 63.9 1.342 17.400 -0.04997 0.00816Nicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 2001 na na na na na na na na na naParaguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 2000 na na na na na na na na na na




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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 56.2 56.5 56.9 57.9 55.4 57.1 1.014 0.768 -0.03154 0.01061Benin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 68.0 66.9 69.3 61.8 36.9 59.9 1.843 31.100 -0.12375 0.00890Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 64.1 64.1 62.9 66.8 83.4 69.6 0.768 19.379 0.06609 0.00626Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 53.8 60.1 67.0 77.2 85.3 71.3 0.631 31.506 0.08874 0.00496Central African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naChad 2004 60.8 51.9 43.9 47.5 64.4 54.5 0.944 3.594 0.04603 0.01260Comoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na -0.00072 0.01901Eritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGabon 2000 29.4 34.3 24.7 26.0 15.8 28.5 1.861 13.600 -0.19818 0.02021Ghana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 54.0 52.5 57.8 68.0 82.6 64.3 0.654 28.551 0.09192 0.00552Guinea 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 2003 61.1 63.9 70.7 76.3 81.7 72.4 0.749 20.528 0.05741 0.00545Madagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 48.6 47.1 50.8 48.3 25.4 43.7 1.913 23.200 -0.13072 0.01126Mali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na na naMali 2001 55.1 56.4 53.8 46.0 27.7 46.3 1.989 27.400 -0.14083 0.01039Mauritania 2000/01 50.6 49.6 51.5 49.1 51.7 49.7 0.979 1.100 -0.00938 0.01457Mozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 74.5 68.6 71.8 79.5 90.2 78.0 0.826 15.677 0.05196 0.00543Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 35.9 36.3 35.6 45.0 33.0 38.6 1.088 2.900 -0.06990 0.01421Niger 1998 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 36.5 36.8 42.1 41.8 53.1 42.9 0.688 16.552 0.07222 0.01421Rwanda 2000 na na na na na na na na -0.14282 0.01074Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 72.6 77.3 77.3 82.4 91.4 80.8 0.794 18.822 0.03840 0.00536Togo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 58.8 58.8 58.7 55.4 32.1 53.0 1.832 26.700 -0.10245 0.01182Zambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 75.5 78.6 72.7 56.0 32.4 60.5 2.330 43.100 -0.16174 0.01001Zimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 na na na na na na na na na na





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C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 41.7 47.2 52.8 55.0 57.3 51.7 0.728 15.591 0.04739 0.00478Bolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 45.8 49.0 52.4 58.7 66.9 55.9 0.685 21.085 0.07665 0.00389Brazil 1996 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 53.3 60.0 67.4 69.6 71.6 65.4 0.744 18.300 0.05372 0.00395Colombia 2005 58.3 68.7 73.2 74.7 76.3 71.2 0.764 17.971 0.04515 0.00204Dominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 2002 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 32.9 33.3 36.1 33.4 28.9 32.6 1.138 4.000 -0.03225 0.00848Nicaragua 1997/98 30.8 37.0 40.4 38.3 38.1 37.2 0.808 7.300 0.03105 0.00660Nicaragua 2001 32.6 38.2 40.5 42.5 43.3 40.0 0.753 10.700 0.04281 0.00652Paraguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 2000 38.7 46.9 61.6 65.6 70.9 58.7 0.546 32.200 0.10459 0.00297


E. SOUTH ASIA 21.0 19.7 19.0 21.8 25.8 21.5 0.814 4.794 0.04911 0.00972Bangladesh 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1999/2000 21.0 18.3 18.2 18.7 25.4 20.3 0.827 4.400 0.04254 0.01152Bangladesh 2004 22.2 20.2 17.6 20.6 22.8 20.7 0.974 0.583 0.01357 0.01062India 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1998/99 24.4 24.6 26.8 30.3 34.3 28.1 0.711 9.900 0.08672 0.00316Nepal 1996 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 2001 16.5 14.2 12.6 14.6 20.4 15.7 0.809 3.900 0.04703 0.01540Pakistan 1990/91 na na na na na na na na na na

Status of WomenPart IV: Underlying Determinants of HNP Status

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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naBenin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 17.2 19.5 20.0 22.0 20.4 19.9 0.843 3.200 0.02703 0.01463Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 7.5 5.7 6.7 8.6 21.9 10.6 0.343 14.375 0.19640 0.01616Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 12.5 15.6 19.0 25.3 30.4 21.4 0.411 17.946 0.17862 0.01118Central African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naChad 2004 na na na na na na na na na naComoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGabon 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 32.1 35.0 39.6 37.1 33.8 35.5 0.950 1.698 0.02269 0.00991Guinea 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 2003 29.1 30.4 38.0 43.9 54.1 40.6 0.539 24.913 0.13568 0.00729Madagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 30.3 21.9 26.1 22.0 27.2 25.6 1.114 3.100 -0.03675 0.00898Mali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na na naMali 2001 9.7 8.9 12.4 12.3 13.6 11.5 0.713 3.900 0.10078 0.01513Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 44.6 44.8 43.2 43.4 42.2 43.6 1.056 2.373 -0.00357 0.00608Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNiger 1998 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 14.6 10.1 13.4 18.6 21.0 15.7 0.695 6.409 0.12895 0.01626Rwanda 2000 36.6 35.9 29.6 29.7 33.7 32.8 1.086 2.900 -0.00215 0.00795Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 38.4 37.6 42.1 43.4 50.6 43.0 0.759 12.206 0.04620 0.00677Togo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 43.6 41.3 40.1 41.3 52.7 44.2 0.827 9.100 0.03844 0.00776Zambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 36.3 30.1 27.7 38.7 40.0 34.9 0.908 3.700 0.03472 0.01008Zimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 45.4 41.9 46.2 46.6 51.6 46.7 0.880 6.200 0.01158 0.00852

G. ALL COUNTRIES 32.3 33.5 35.7 38.4 42.2 36.8 0.765 9.920 0.05985 0.00874



Status of Women

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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC 72.7 77.8 78.6 77.3 76.1 76.8 0.956 3.359 -0.00207 0.00728Cambodia 2000 58.4 62.5 60.2 54.6 45.2 57.3 1.292 13.200 -0.06223 0.01826Indonesia 1997 na na na na na na na na na naIndonesia 2002/03 70.0 77.2 80.8 81.1 86.6 79.1 0.808 16.643 0.03948 0.00179Philippines 1998 na na na na na na na na na naPhilippines 2003 89.7 93.7 94.9 96.1 96.3 94.2 0.931 6.633 0.01654 0.00178Vietnam 1997 na na na na na na na na na naVietnam 2002 na na na na na na na na na na

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na na naArmenia 2000 84.2 84.4 84.7 89.4 89.8 86.4 0.938 5.600 0.01368 0.00648Kazakhstan 1995 * * * * * * - - na naKazakhstan 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKyrgyzstan 1997 * * * * * * - - na naTurkey 1993 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 92.8 94.5 92.5 93.4 94.9 93.6 0.978 2.100 na naUzbekistan 1996 * * * * * * - - na na

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 87.7 91.2 92.5 93.8 93.9 91.6 0.934 6.202 0.01446 0.00213Bolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 55.4 67.3 73.1 75.8 78.3 69.2 0.708 22.914 0.04828 0.00461Brazil 1996 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 96.3 97.5 99.1 98.0 98.6 97.9 0.977 2.300 0.00551 0.00155Colombia 2005 96.5 98.3 98.1 98.6 98.7 98.0 0.978 2.209 0.00708 0.00112Dominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 2002 91.9 93.3 92.2 94.0 94.1 93.1 0.977 2.192 0.00479 0.00210Guatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 94.0 93.3 94.3 97.4 94.9 94.8 0.991 0.900 0.00617 0.00228Nicaragua 1997/98 20.0 27.7 32.9 30.7 30.0 27.8 0.667 10.000 0.05649 0.01363Nicaragua 2001 94.7 98.4 99.2 99.5 99.0 98.0 0.957 4.300 0.01020 0.00150Paraguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 2000 93.8 96.5 98.1 97.5 98.5 96.6 0.952 4.700 0.01025 0.00119

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naEgypt 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEgypt 2000 83.0 87.7 93.6 95.7 96.9 91.6 0.857 13.900 0.03944 0.00240Jordan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMorocco 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMorocco 2003/04 52.7 65.6 82.9 86.3 88.5 75.5 0.595 35.802 0.10266 0.00353Yemen 1997 * * * * * * - - na na



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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naBenin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 72.3 77.7 84.5 86.3 93.2 82.3 0.776 20.900 0.05096 0.00454Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 71.4 71.5 75.4 78.7 85.7 76.4 0.833 14.317 0.04260 0.00331Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 81.2 82.3 85.5 89.9 91.4 85.9 0.888 10.195 0.02635 0.00298Central African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naChad 2004 na na na na na na na na na naComoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 31.7 34.1 34.8 40.5 66.3 40.3 0.478 34.600 0.17163 0.00840Gabon 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 89.7 93.6 95.8 96.8 98.6 94.8 0.909 8.928 0.02204 0.00241Guinea 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 2003 na na na na na na na na na naMadagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 92.8 93.6 95.3 96.3 97.8 95.0 0.949 5.000 0.01033 0.00150Mali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na na naMali 2001 63.4 64.7 65.7 77.5 83.9 70.7 0.756 20.500 0.06965 0.00432Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 64.8 75.5 75.1 86.7 87.7 77.0 0.738 22.958 0.05472 0.00333Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNiger 1998 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 47.4 49.9 63.1 77.5 89.9 64.8 0.527 42.492 0.12497 0.00568Rwanda 2000 87.4 93.8 93.1 93.7 96.4 93.3 0.907 9.000 0.01293 0.00218Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 91.3 92.3 96.0 96.8 97.2 94.7 0.939 5.950 0.01542 0.00172Togo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 44.2 44.0 48.1 49.7 62.8 49.3 0.704 18.600 0.07486 0.00916Zambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 96.1 95.8 96.8 95.6 96.8 96.2 0.993 0.700 -0.00074 0.00241




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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC 82.5 82.7 81.7 78.0 73.5 79.3 1.122 8.970 -0.02936 0.00474Cambodia 2000 78.6 79.4 79.6 72.4 67.0 75.2 1.173 11.600 -0.03692 0.01006Indonesia 1997 na na na na na na na na na naIndonesia 2002/03 95.0 95.8 96.5 97.1 97.2 96.3 0.978 2.159 0.00492 0.00068Philippines 1998 na na na na na na na na na naPhilippines 2003 73.8 72.8 69.0 64.5 56.4 66.3 1.310 17.470 -0.05608 0.00348Vietnam 1997 na na na na na na na na na naVietnam 2002 na na na na na na na na na na


C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 68.7 72.7 71.8 70.4 59.1 68.0 1.163 9.608 -0.03395 0.00307Brazil 1996 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 56.3 63.3 64.8 61.6 57.4 60.8 0.981 1.100 0.00178 0.00444Colombia 2005 55.4 65.0 65.7 64.0 59.2 62.2 0.936 3.786 0.00864 0.00247Dominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 2002 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 30.2 32.0 32.4 30.6 23.8 29.2 1.269 6.400 -0.06210 0.00889Nicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 2001 na na na na na na na na na naParaguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 2000 58.2 65.4 67.4 62.2 54.0 61.3 1.078 4.200 -0.02079 0.00291




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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naBenin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 55.3 54.7 56.0 56.1 48.7 53.9 1.136 6.600 -0.03429 0.00700Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 35.8 33.8 34.8 31.9 33.2 33.9 1.079 2.607 -0.03484 0.00733Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 38.3 41.6 42.4 47.4 47.8 43.9 0.801 9.497 0.03990 0.00661Central African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naChad 2004 na na na na na na na na na naComoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGabon 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 45.2 54.6 52.9 54.7 48.5 51.2 0.931 3.344 0.01241 0.00741Guinea 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 2003 45.8 45.7 45.7 45.8 53.4 47.8 0.857 7.669 0.03959 0.00625Madagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 36.3 28.9 31.0 30.2 42.0 33.9 0.864 5.700 0.02551 0.00734Mali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na na naMali 2001 26.8 23.8 27.1 25.1 23.7 25.2 1.131 3.100 -0.02313 0.00918Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 59.7 52.9 54.2 54.4 54.7 55.4 1.092 5.029 -0.00730 0.00469Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNiger 1998 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 24.8 24.7 24.2 32.5 42.5 30.2 0.583 17.712 0.08532 0.01038Rwanda 2000 54.8 49.7 47.8 46.3 44.4 48.0 1.234 10.400 -0.04103 0.00563Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 41.9 39.8 40.3 48.0 48.4 44.0 0.865 6.560 -0.00435 0.00658Togo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 44.8 43.6 40.5 39.5 44.0 42.5 1.018 0.800 -0.00618 0.00788Zambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 58.0 54.4 58.1 64.7 60.8 59.6 0.954 2.800 0.01704 0.00620



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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC 74.6 74.1 72.7 69.6 66.2 71.1 1.127 8.416 -0.02804 0.00527Cambodia 2000 75.3 76.9 75.9 70.1 63.1 72.1 1.193 12.200 -0.03930 0.01029Indonesia 1997 na na na na na na na na na naIndonesia 2002/03 80.3 80.3 80.1 81.4 83.4 81.1 0.963 3.108 0.01217 0.00152Philippines 1998 na na na na na na na na na naPhilippines 2003 68.2 64.9 62.1 57.4 52.0 60.0 1.311 16.155 -0.05700 0.00400Vietnam 1997 na na na na na na na na na naVietnam 2002 na na na na na na na na na na


C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 45.9 50.9 52.0 51.6 47.5 49.7 0.965 1.671 -0.00487 0.00490Bolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 59.3 62.4 59.4 60.2 53.8 58.7 1.102 5.510 -0.02293 0.00372Brazil 1996 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 50.5 58.6 61.4 58.4 55.4 57.2 0.912 4.900 0.01439 0.00477Colombia 2005 49.8 59.8 62.0 61.4 57.0 58.5 0.873 7.263 0.02356 0.00266Dominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 2002 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 28.3 29.0 28.7 25.9 21.8 26.2 1.298 6.500 -0.06626 0.00967Nicaragua 1997/98 29.8 33.4 35.7 34.4 34.1 33.7 0.874 4.300 0.02306 0.00709Nicaragua 2001 41.7 47.8 49.7 53.4 53.1 49.8 0.785 11.400 0.04453 0.00516Paraguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 2000 50.2 55.4 60.1 56.9 51.9 55.1 0.967 1.700 -0.00324 0.00328




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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naBenin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 28.3 31.2 30.2 33.9 29.9 30.8 0.946 1.600 0.00004 0.01114Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 24.2 21.6 20.8 17.5 23.9 21.7 1.013 0.306 -0.03839 0.01010Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 29.2 28.7 30.0 33.3 36.3 31.8 0.805 7.061 0.04680 0.00864Central African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naChad 2004 na na na na na na na na na naComoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGabon 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 33.0 46.5 47.7 48.9 45.0 44.6 0.732 12.051 0.06388 0.00835Guinea 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 2003 30.1 28.7 30.2 31.1 39.4 32.5 0.764 9.319 0.06370 0.00876Madagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 25.7 17.5 21.2 18.6 28.3 22.4 0.908 2.600 0.01560 0.01000Mali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na na naMali 2001 15.1 13.2 18.5 17.3 18.0 16.5 0.839 2.900 0.04547 0.01219Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 40.8 36.6 36.9 36.6 37.9 37.9 1.077 2.916 -0.00692 0.00666Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNiger 1998 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 17.5 16.1 16.8 23.0 26.8 20.3 0.653 9.286 0.07686 0.01378Rwanda 2000 50.5 47.6 44.6 42.0 41.2 44.6 1.226 9.300 -0.04798 0.00604Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 31.7 30.0 31.2 35.3 36.0 33.0 0.879 4.348 -0.00794 0.00815Togo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 38.7 39.0 36.4 33.9 36.8 36.9 1.052 1.900 -0.01818 0.00900Zambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 35.8 34.1 33.1 38.2 35.1 35.3 1.020 0.700 0.00784 0.00929Zimbabwe 1994 69.3 67.5 65.9 67.9 62.4 66.3 1.111 6.900 -0.02369 0.00556Zimbabwe 1999 43.4 41.3 44.4 50.6 49.2 46.3 0.882 5.800 0.02917 0.00849

G. ALL COUNTRIES 41.4 42.2 43.4 44.4 46.0 43.7 0.899 4.671 0.02004 0.00724



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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC na na na na na na na na na naCambodia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naIndonesia 1997 na na na na na na na na na naIndonesia 2002/03 89.0 90.2 90.9 90.8 87.4 89.7 1.018 1.577 -0.00439 0.00123Philippines 1998 na na na na na na na na na naPhilippines 2003 60.1 58.4 52.6 47.9 38.8 50.3 1.550 21.324 -0.08831 0.00479Vietnam 1997 na na na na na na na na na naVietnam 2002 na na na na na na na na na na

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA na na na na na na na na na naArmenia 2000 58.3 53.5 55.3 54.4 52.2 54.6 1.117 6.100 -0.01920 0.00668Kazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1999 67.7 67.6 65.8 71.5 71.8 69.2 0.943 4.100 0.02593 0.00568Kyrgyzstan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1993 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTurkmenistan 2000 54.1 54.0 55.3 59.4 66.8 58.2 0.810 12.700 na naUzbekistan 1996 na na na na na na na na na na

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 54.8 54.3 52.4 48.7 40.4 49.3 1.358 14.447 -0.05895 0.00480Bolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 68.7 67.3 66.4 62.7 50.0 62.0 1.375 18.732 -0.06059 0.00346Brazil 1996 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 60.3 58.8 54.2 48.1 45.1 52.5 1.337 15.200 -0.05993 0.00513Colombia 2005 58.8 58.9 54.7 50.1 44.7 52.8 1.315 14.101 -0.04981 0.00294Dominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 2002 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 29.4 29.5 32.1 28.6 22.2 27.7 1.324 7.200 -0.06500 0.00925Nicaragua 1997/98 32.3 29.0 30.6 24.8 26.2 28.2 1.233 6.100 -0.05930 0.00812Nicaragua 2001 52.4 53.6 53.5 53.1 46.9 51.6 1.117 5.500 -0.02575 0.00501Paraguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 2000 64.7 62.2 55.3 49.1 38.0 52.3 1.703 26.700 -0.09357 0.00334

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naEgypt 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEgypt 2000 64.1 60.3 64.1 70.7 71.1 66.3 0.902 7.000 0.02119 0.00339Jordan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMorocco 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMorocco 2003/04 41.8 39.9 44.0 38.9 38.4 40.5 1.090 3.461 -0.01896 0.00537Yemen 1997 na na na na na na na na na na

E. SOUTH ASIA 76.2 74.8 69.8 69.7 68.6 71.8 1.112 7.661 -0.02434 0.00286Bangladesh 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1999/2000 73.2 68.5 63.6 60.5 62.4 65.7 1.173 10.800 -0.03280 0.00407Bangladesh 2004 79.2 79.5 69.9 70.5 67.0 73.2 1.183 12.282 -0.03491 0.00319India 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1998/99 75.8 72.6 71.6 69.6 66.4 71.2 1.142 9.400 -0.03096 0.00132Nepal 1996 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 2001 73.6 72.3 67.9 68.9 72.3 71.1 1.018 1.300 -0.00714 0.00407Pakistan 1990/91 na na na na na na na na na na


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naBenin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 46.0 44.3 45.5 49.0 41.6 45.1 1.106 4.400 -0.02609 0.00822Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 56.0 56.3 53.4 51.3 40.7 51.0 1.377 15.312 -0.06840 0.00511Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 55.3 50.5 51.1 48.7 48.0 50.5 1.153 7.342 -0.03695 0.00578Central African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naChad 2004 na na na na na na na na na naComoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGabon 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 34.2 37.5 36.8 37.1 30.8 35.0 1.111 3.417 -0.02294 0.01014Guinea 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 2003 61.7 59.3 58.5 57.0 62.6 59.9 0.986 0.891 -0.00943 0.00502Madagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 48.0 39.9 41.4 39.2 39.5 41.7 1.215 8.500 -0.04456 0.00606Mali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na na naMali 2001 50.8 46.9 49.4 44.1 40.2 46.0 1.264 10.600 -0.05174 0.00582Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 66.7 65.6 66.4 59.6 51.9 61.8 1.286 14.832 -0.05949 0.00420Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNiger 1998 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 27.7 26.7 29.1 31.1 31.5 29.3 0.882 3.719 0.03155 0.01069Rwanda 2000 56.0 58.4 52.2 53.5 46.8 53.2 1.197 9.200 -0.04868 0.00510Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 57.3 57.3 54.5 57.4 54.3 56.0 1.054 2.948 -0.03740 0.00516Togo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 69.0 65.3 69.5 68.1 64.4 67.1 1.071 4.600 -0.02443 0.00497Zambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 66.6 60.8 62.5 69.2 63.2 64.6 1.054 3.400 -0.00656 0.00570




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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC 22.8 22.0 22.8 21.8 23.1 22.6 0.985 0.347 -0.00777 0.01177Cambodia 2000 24.4 20.9 21.0 20.8 21.5 21.7 1.135 2.900 -0.05008 0.02022Indonesia 1997 na na na na na na na na na naIndonesia 2002/03 17.8 16.4 16.1 15.4 15.3 16.2 1.162 2.478 -0.01749 0.00743Philippines 1998 na na na na na na na na na naPhilippines 2003 26.3 28.8 31.3 29.3 32.7 30.0 0.804 6.418 0.04426 0.00767Vietnam 1997 na na na na na na na na na naVietnam 2002 na na na na na na na na na na


C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 23.0 28.2 31.2 34.0 33.8 30.8 0.681 10.798 0.07316 0.00703Bolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 20.9 27.2 29.7 33.4 40.9 31.6 0.510 20.046 0.10932 0.00654Brazil 1996 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 30.1 38.1 43.6 44.6 39.8 39.9 0.756 9.700 0.04961 0.00666Colombia 2005 31.3 42.5 43.4 41.5 36.7 39.5 0.852 5.444 0.02992 0.00392Dominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 2002 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 23.0 20.7 21.4 28.6 24.9 24.1 0.924 1.900 0.03629 0.01064Nicaragua 1997/98 na na na na na na na na na naNicaragua 2001 16.8 21.0 25.2 28.3 28.5 24.7 0.589 11.700 0.09292 0.00902Paraguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 2000 23.2 29.5 36.3 38.2 38.1 34.0 0.609 14.900 0.09738 0.00503

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naEgypt 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEgypt 2000 18.1 16.4 16.7 16.3 16.5 16.8 1.097 1.600 -0.01349 0.01045Jordan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMorocco 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMorocco 2003/04 6.7 7.5 11.0 12.8 11.6 10.1 0.582 4.844 0.11093 0.01278Yemen 1997 na na na na na na na na na na



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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naBenin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 15.6 17.6 15.6 23.1 22.8 19.3 0.684 7.200 0.07528 0.01534Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 16.1 15.8 14.3 13.6 24.5 17.2 0.656 8.430 0.05084 0.01207Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 14.5 19.7 25.6 28.4 31.4 24.6 0.462 16.926 0.12700 0.01028Central African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naChad 2004 na na na na na na na na na naComoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGabon 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 16.2 21.0 26.9 30.2 24.4 24.2 0.663 8.219 0.09782 0.01253Guinea 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 2003 23.2 22.4 24.8 24.2 35.6 26.8 0.653 12.338 0.09635 0.01049Madagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 30.9 20.3 24.6 21.4 22.4 24.1 1.379 8.500 -0.06903 0.00928Mali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na na naMali 2001 15.8 14.6 18.9 22.1 23.5 19.2 0.672 7.700 0.09567 0.01140Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 25.0 26.5 25.7 29.0 28.3 26.9 0.882 3.333 0.01305 0.00888Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNiger 1998 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 20.5 18.2 19.2 19.1 19.5 19.3 1.055 1.067 -0.01202 0.01439Rwanda 2000 32.8 33.9 27.4 27.1 27.9 29.6 1.176 4.900 -0.03533 0.00855Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 17.1 14.8 16.0 18.8 24.1 18.6 0.711 6.952 0.05739 0.01261Togo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 29.4 31.7 27.0 25.1 30.9 28.9 0.951 1.500 -0.01013 0.01089Zambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 29.6 24.7 23.8 27.9 26.5 26.5 1.117 3.100 -0.00425 0.01185Zimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 30.8 29.8 31.8 31.0 35.7 32.1 0.863 4.900 0.01103 0.01149

G. ALL COUNTRIES 20.7 21.1 22.6 24.3 26.7 23.4 0.775 5.998 0.04749 0.01082


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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC 57.3 61.7 61.8 62.5 66.4 63.1 0.862 9.180 0.03116 0.00553Cambodia 2000 44.0 46.9 44.6 45.3 53.8 48.5 0.818 9.800 0.04246 0.00818Indonesia 1997 46.8 50.0 52.8 54.1 50.7 50.6 0.923 3.900 0.02593 0.00442Indonesia 2002/03 66.9 70.0 70.2 70.6 66.6 68.8 1.004 0.247 0.00151 0.00379Philippines 1998 42.1 54.7 61.5 63.2 70.3 61.1 0.599 28.200 0.08698 0.00526Philippines 2003 60.9 68.2 70.7 71.6 78.9 71.9 0.772 17.988 0.04951 0.00461Vietnam 1997 17.7 22.5 23.3 23.6 35.1 24.3 0.504 17.400 0.10899 0.01447Vietnam 2002 * * * * * * - - na na

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA 24.7 30.2 38.4 43.0 49.2 39.4 0.502 24.533 0.12964 0.01643Armenia 2000 36.8 45.3 50.2 54.0 52.8 50.2 0.697 16.000 0.04412 0.01600Kazakhstan 1995 39.3 34.5 40.1 42.8 48.5 42.2 0.810 9.200 0.06711 0.01316Kazakhstan 1999 49.0 48.7 58.0 64.4 64.1 60.1 0.764 15.100 0.05917 0.01102Kyrgyzstan 1997 11.5 17.7 20.4 31.2 40.9 26.3 0.281 29.400 0.22934 0.02092Turkey 1993 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1998 25.2 37.5 59.4 59.6 55.9 51.5 0.451 30.700 0.07130 0.01360Turkmenistan 2000 11.7 14.2 21.1 26.7 39.7 24.0 0.295 28.000 na naUzbekistan 1996 14.0 18.0 21.4 22.0 42.0 24.4 0.333 28.000 0.24430 0.02063

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 72.0 79.1 81.9 85.1 85.5 82.3 0.842 13.532 0.02551 0.00295Bolivia 1998 20.1 40.6 55.4 60.8 63.5 51.3 0.317 43.400 0.15093 0.00689Bolivia 2003 51.7 60.5 70.2 74.6 76.7 70.3 0.674 24.997 0.04537 0.00375Brazil 1996 57.7 72.6 71.9 76.0 78.0 72.4 0.740 20.300 0.04076 0.00432Colombia 1995 66.9 75.5 77.1 79.2 81.7 77.7 0.818 14.844 0.02519 0.00407Colombia 2000 83.6 87.3 88.4 89.1 90.2 88.4 0.927 6.600 0.01038 0.00262Colombia 2005 87.2 89.7 91.7 91.3 90.3 90.3 0.966 3.099 0.00590 0.00120Dominican Republic 1996 75.1 76.8 78.1 78.6 80.7 78.5 0.931 5.600 0.01139 0.00498Dominican Republic 2002 88.6 89.5 90.8 90.5 89.2 89.9 0.994 0.528 0.00062 0.00195Guatemala 1995 45.3 58.0 63.1 71.6 71.7 66.5 0.632 26.395 0.04995 0.00633Guatemala 1998/99 * * * * * * - - na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 80.4 84.0 81.4 90.4 88.0 85.3 0.914 7.600 0.02238 0.00353Nicaragua 1997/98 64.5 78.2 80.1 75.7 73.5 75.3 0.878 9.000 0.00160 0.00479Nicaragua 2001 78.0 86.6 89.4 91.4 90.6 89.2 0.861 12.600 0.01388 0.00307Paraguay 1990 * * * * * * - - na naPeru 1996 45.6 57.1 60.1 66.4 72.0 63.7 0.633 26.400 0.05845 0.00348Peru 2000 60.1 71.0 78.0 81.4 85.7 79.0 0.701 25.600 0.04965 0.00282

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA 45.5 48.5 50.7 52.1 52.3 51.2 0.870 6.796 na naEgypt 1995 56.8 43.0 40.0 37.9 38.6 41.1 1.470 18.159 -0.06209 0.01446Egypt 2000 38.6 42.8 39.2 41.8 43.7 42.2 0.883 5.100 0.00219 0.01398Jordan 1997 42.6 32.9 36.4 32.6 34.9 35.5 1.221 7.700 na naMorocco 1992 * * * * * * - - na naMorocco 2003/04 55.4 69.9 76.5 82.0 78.4 75.8 0.707 22.987 0.03688 0.00620Yemen 1997 * * * * * * - - na na

E. SOUTH ASIA 42.6 40.8 37.6 47.1 53.3 43.8 0.800 10.661 0.07344 0.01262Bangladesh 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1999/2000 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 2004 46.4 42.6 40.6 54.1 55.0 47.0 0.842 8.683 0.04039 0.01248India 1992/93 * * * * * * - - na naIndia 1998/99 38.1 34.6 37.9 50.8 56.2 41.2 0.678 18.100 0.10840 0.00460Nepal 1996 33.3 36.0 39.9 29.5 45.8 39.0 0.727 12.500 0.06052 0.02396Nepal 2001 43.4 45.3 34.4 36.5 48.6 43.1 0.893 5.200 0.07153 0.02077Pakistan 1990/91 * * * * * * - - na na


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 58.0 58.9 62.9 68.6 75.1 66.6 0.772 17.109 0.06435 0.00797Benin 1996 82.1 81.8 80.0 80.8 86.8 82.3 0.946 4.689 0.00599 0.00402Benin 2001 71.2 72.6 79.6 86.1 89.4 80.2 0.796 18.200 0.05057 0.00428Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 90.4 84.9 85.9 89.6 86.5 87.0 1.046 3.944 0.00056 0.00457Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 64.9 68.4 71.5 74.6 77.2 71.7 0.841 12.303 0.03963 0.00547Central African Republic 1994/95 56.6 53.1 62.0 77.5 80.7 64.4 0.701 24.100 0.08424 0.00649Chad 1996/97 41.6 49.2 54.9 68.2 84.3 58.0 0.493 42.700 0.14967 0.00646Chad 2004 47.1 50.2 54.6 56.6 85.6 60.5 0.550 38.504 0.15224 0.00830Comoros 1996 59.2 46.1 52.7 51.3 61.5 54.2 0.963 2.300 0.01367 0.01905Côte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 * * (42.2) 73.3 76.3 71.4 - - 0.03301 0.01429Ethiopia 2000 67.8 74.8 76.6 76.9 74.9 74.8 0.905 7.100 0.05099 0.00491Gabon 2000 77.3 86.0 84.5 84.7 77.2 82.2 1.001 0.100 -0.00214 0.00631Ghana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 70.2 63.9 74.6 75.7 78.3 73.1 0.897 8.092 0.03206 0.00551Guinea 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 33.8 36.8 45.4 45.3 56.9 44.5 0.594 23.100 0.09879 0.01048Kenya 2003 62.6 63.3 63.9 60.2 74.0 66.3 0.846 11.372 0.04772 0.00631Madagascar 1997 16.9 20.5 23.2 22.4 45.1 25.3 0.375 28.200 0.22992 0.01365Malawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 41.3 37.9 49.8 52.9 64.2 51.0 0.643 22.900 0.09315 0.00973Mali 1995/96 69.9 77.5 78.6 82.8 87.5 80.5 0.799 17.624 0.03639 0.00472Mali 2001 82.6 82.5 84.4 84.3 86.6 84.4 0.954 4.000 0.01238 0.00326Mauritania 2000/01 64.1 65.5 82.3 82.2 88.1 79.2 0.728 24.000 0.04929 0.00707Mozambique 1997 2.5 2.2 2.4 10.7 36.1 8.7 0.069 33.600 0.93893 0.03481Mozambique 2003 35.5 42.8 41.4 71.4 70.9 61.4 0.501 35.384 0.10470 0.01001Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 41.9 66.3 61.5 66.5 68.0 64.1 0.616 26.100 0.01590 0.00967Niger 1998 51.9 53.7 57.7 61.9 75.6 59.5 0.687 23.700 0.07490 0.00676Nigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 66.9 71.8 76.0 74.3 76.5 73.5 0.875 9.578 0.02717 0.00572Rwanda 2000 42.3 49.3 47.0 46.2 67.2 54.4 0.629 24.900 0.12142 0.01108Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 77.5 69.0 66.1 65.5 60.5 65.3 1.281 17.000 -0.03140 0.00661Tanzania 1996 * * * * * * - - na naTanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 34.2 34.3 47.5 61.8 78.6 61.6 0.435 44.403 0.14618 0.00873Togo 1998 81.8 85.8 90.5 90.0 88.3 87.6 0.926 6.500 0.00701 0.00302Uganda 1995 60.4 62.6 55.0 61.2 78.4 65.2 0.770 17.985 0.08420 0.00892Uganda 2000/01 49.5 46.7 53.4 61.5 82.1 60.4 0.603 32.600 0.13120 0.00707Zambia 1996 38.1 49.4 55.3 68.5 67.9 57.6 0.561 29.800 0.11493 0.00885Zambia 2001 45.3 30.7 44.2 71.0 66.7 55.5 0.679 21.400 0.13412 0.01042Zimbabwe 1994 46.4 45.2 51.5 58.5 65.9 56.1 0.704 19.500 0.07905 0.00999Zimbabwe 1999 49.7 52.0 63.4 65.4 71.6 62.9 0.694 21.900 0.05471 0.00889

G. ALL COUNTRIES 54.0 56.6 60.2 65.1 70.0 62.9 0.771 16.055 0.06202 0.00836


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C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 93.0 94.7 96.7 97.9 98.3 96.5 0.945 5.373 0.00913 0.00090Bolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 94.1 96.4 97.4 97.8 98.4 97.1 0.956 4.292 0.00649 0.00080Brazil 1996 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 98.0 99.0 99.7 99.6 99.5 99.2 0.985 1.500 0.00259 0.00059Colombia 2005 97.5 99.1 99.3 99.6 99.4 99.1 0.980 1.957 0.00441 0.00039Dominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 2002 98.1 98.1 98.4 98.3 98.1 98.2 1.000 0.012 0.00252 0.00060Guatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 87.2 83.9 90.8 95.0 96.8 91.6 0.901 9.600 0.01381 0.00170Nicaragua 1997/98 67.0 65.9 62.8 57.8 53.7 60.7 1.248 13.300 -0.05299 0.00423Nicaragua 2001 92.3 95.4 95.8 97.6 98.1 96.2 0.941 5.800 0.00974 0.00115Paraguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 2000 88.6 95.1 98.5 99.0 99.2 96.7 0.893 10.600 0.01782 0.00077

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naEgypt 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEgypt 2000 na na na na na na na na na naJordan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMorocco 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMorocco 2003/04 59.4 60.1 58.6 52.8 52.2 56.4 1.137 7.151 -0.02915 0.00391Yemen 1997 na na na na na na na na na na

E. SOUTH ASIA na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1999/2000 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 2004 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 1996 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 2001 98.7 98.8 98.7 99.2 98.8 98.8 0.999 0.100 -0.00251 0.00107Pakistan 1990/91 na na na na na na na na na na


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 87.2 87.9 87.9 89.0 89.0 88.3 0.980 1.740 0.00282 0.00226Benin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 91.6 94.3 96.0 95.1 95.6 94.6 0.958 4.000 0.00763 0.00194Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 92.1 93.4 92.2 93.5 91.8 92.5 1.003 0.298 -0.00178 0.00147Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 86.4 85.5 84.5 84.7 81.5 84.4 1.061 4.954 -0.01238 0.00257Central African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naChad 2004 81.8 88.2 84.1 81.8 75.9 82.4 1.077 5.820 -0.02165 0.00342Comoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGabon 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 92.9 90.3 90.6 92.0 95.0 92.4 0.978 2.045 0.00723 0.00198Guinea 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 2003 89.6 90.5 91.6 93.9 96.7 92.9 0.927 7.082 0.01936 0.00178Madagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 70.2 71.9 71.9 72.5 60.7 69.3 1.157 9.500 -0.02529 0.00355Mali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na na naMali 2001 72.7 75.4 73.5 73.1 75.5 74.1 0.963 2.800 0.01019 0.00309Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 88.3 88.5 90.2 92.0 94.0 90.7 0.939 5.710 0.01305 0.00153Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 83.9 77.5 83.3 91.8 93.2 86.7 0.900 9.300 0.02873 0.00264Niger 1998 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 85.9 87.5 86.0 89.0 90.1 87.8 0.954 4.155 0.01350 0.00262Rwanda 2000 91.4 93.1 91.3 93.0 92.5 92.4 0.988 1.100 -0.00338 0.00179Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 92.4 94.0 94.1 93.7 95.6 94.1 0.966 3.219 0.00556 0.00153Togo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 94.9 94.3 96.4 96.4 97.3 95.9 0.975 2.400 -0.00250 0.00227Zambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 93.6 93.8 92.9 94.1 95.7 94.1 0.978 2.100 0.00136 0.00162Zimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 87.7 88.6 88.5 87.8 92.2 89.1 0.951 4.500 0.00556 0.00243

G. ALL COUNTRIES 87.4 88.1 88.9 89.6 90.3 89.0 0.968 2.898 0.00497 0.00221



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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC 37.1 31.2 28.8 26.2 19.0 28.0 1.952 18.110 -0.12834 0.00950Cambodia 2000 40.5 36.9 37.3 36.0 25.5 35.0 1.588 15.000 -0.05020 0.01383Indonesia 1997 na na na na na na na na na naIndonesia 2002/03 31.5 27.6 25.3 22.9 16.5 24.8 1.911 15.028 -0.13754 0.00571Philippines 1998 na na na na na na na na na naPhilippines 2003 39.4 29.0 23.7 19.7 15.1 24.1 2.612 24.302 -0.19728 0.00895Vietnam 1997 na na na na na na na na na naVietnam 2002 na na na na na na na na na na

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA 60.6 51.0 42.8 34.1 20.9 40.3 2.898 39.675 -0.23802 0.00912Armenia 2000 56.8 43.4 29.6 23.7 15.2 32.3 3.737 41.600 -0.25371 0.01010Kazakhstan 1995 na na na na na na na na na naKazakhstan 1999 51.6 39.4 36.5 21.2 13.9 30.1 3.712 37.700 -0.21895 0.01121Kyrgyzstan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naTurkey 1993 77.3 71.0 58.7 37.1 19.4 50.1 3.985 57.900 -0.25540 0.00632Turkey 1998 72.8 66.5 51.7 38.2 16.1 46.9 4.522 56.700 -0.24139 0.00606Turkmenistan 2000 61.1 54.5 53.3 53.2 38.4 51.7 1.591 22.700 na naUzbekistan 1996 na na na na na na na na na na

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 1998 na na na na na na na na na naBolivia 2003 28.1 27.2 26.8 20.9 12.3 22.1 2.279 15.755 -0.16147 0.00805Brazil 1996 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2005 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 1996 na na na na na na na na na naDominican Republic 2002 18.6 11.1 8.3 5.7 3.3 8.6 5.577 15.285 -0.38706 0.01408Guatemala 1995 na na na na na na na na na naGuatemala 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naHaiti 2000 52.4 46.9 46.6 39.5 24.1 39.9 2.174 28.300 -0.14088 0.00695Nicaragua 1997/98 31.4 27.2 20.8 16.5 12.0 20.5 2.617 19.400 -0.22328 0.00951Nicaragua 2001 22.1 17.4 12.9 9.8 5.4 12.5 4.093 16.700 -0.26671 0.01338Paraguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 2000 na na na na na na na na na na

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA na na na na na na na na na naEgypt 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEgypt 2000 na na na na na na na na na naJordan 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMorocco 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMorocco 2003/04 86.9 79.9 67.4 54.1 38.3 63.9 2.271 48.615 -0.14731 0.00301Yemen 1997 na na na na na na na na na na

E. SOUTH ASIA na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 1999/2000 na na na na na na na na na naBangladesh 2004 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naIndia 1998/99 62.0 62.1 63.5 57.0 39.1 56.7 1.586 22.900 -0.10119 0.00176Nepal 1996 na na na na na na na na na naNepal 2001 28.0 30.3 28.7 27.4 29.6 28.8 0.946 1.600 0.00121 0.00965Pakistan 1990/91 na na na na na na na na na na


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 70.0 70.4 68.7 65.2 52.0 64.4 1.346 17.994 -0.07077 0.00478Benin 1996 na na na na na na na na na naBenin 2001 68.4 71.7 69.6 61.2 38.7 60.4 1.767 29.700 -0.11273 0.00617Burkina Faso 1992/93 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 71.9 71.0 74.9 78.3 61.8 71.1 1.165 10.169 -0.02429 0.00347Cameroon 1991 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 1998 na na na na na na na na na naCameroon 2004 57.5 63.0 61.4 55.5 44.5 55.6 1.292 12.979 -0.05237 0.00537Central African Republic 1994/95 na na na na na na na na na naChad 1996/97 na na na na na na na na na naChad 2004 na na na na na na na na na naComoros 1996 na na na na na na na na na naCôte d'Ivoire 1994 na na na na na na na na na naEritrea 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEthiopia 2000 86.5 89.4 89.8 88.0 72.1 84.5 1.200 14.400 -0.06505 0.00236Gabon 2000 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1993 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 1998 na na na na na na na na na naGhana 2003 67.2 55.2 49.6 46.6 32.7 48.5 2.054 34.475 -0.15702 0.00720Guinea 1999 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1993 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 1998 na na na na na na na na na naKenya 2003 80.0 75.6 72.9 69.1 50.4 67.9 1.586 29.545 -0.09721 0.00433Madagascar 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 1992 na na na na na na na na na naMalawi 2000 39.7 38.0 39.5 35.8 25.6 35.7 1.551 14.100 -0.06844 0.00676Mali 1995/96 na na na na na na na na na naMali 2001 88.9 90.9 90.2 90.6 84.2 88.8 1.056 4.700 -0.00857 0.00210Mauritania 2000/01 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 1997 na na na na na na na na na naMozambique 2003 53.3 59.2 59.0 57.2 44.6 54.1 1.193 8.630 -0.04194 0.00498Namibia 1992 na na na na na na na na na naNamibia 2000 na na na na na na na na na naNiger 1998 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 74.5 75.8 68.5 62.6 43.8 64.2 1.699 30.636 -0.08753 0.00516Rwanda 2000 66.1 70.0 66.5 64.1 51.6 63.3 1.281 14.500 -0.06459 0.00421Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1996 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 1999 na na na na na na na na na naTanzania 2004 65.3 65.4 62.6 59.1 49.3 59.6 1.324 15.975 -0.07384 0.00495Togo 1998 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 1995 na na na na na na na na na naUganda 2000/01 80.9 81.8 79.3 75.6 67.0 76.5 1.207 13.900 -0.05397 0.00409Zambia 1996 na na na na na na na na na naZambia 2001 86.4 88.2 90.7 86.7 76.6 85.4 1.128 9.800 -0.02920 0.00321Zimbabwe 1994 na na na na na na na na na naZimbabwe 1999 62.8 60.1 55.7 47.1 36.4 51.0 1.725 26.400 -0.12474 0.00728

G. ALL COUNTRIES 58.7 56.1 53.2 48.5 37.0 49.8 1.587 21.686 na na



Status of Women

WOMEN WHO JUSTIFY DOMESTIC VIOLENCE (Cont.)

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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC na na na na na na na na na naCambodia 2000 7.7 7.8 5.2 4.6 4.6 6.1 1.674 3.100 -0.13794 0.01430Indonesia 1997 * * * * * * - - na naIndonesia 2002/03 3.0 2.7 2.1 2.2 1.7 2.4 1.734 1.262 -0.13263 0.01924Philippines 1998 na na na na na na na na na naPhilippines 2003 na na na na na na na na na naVietnam 1997 na na na na na na na na na naVietnam 2002 na na na na na na na na na na

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA 3.4 3.0 2.4 2.7 3.8 3.1 0.890 0.417 -0.03121 0.04684Armenia 2000 3.5 3.3 3.0 3.6 3.2 3.3 1.094 0.300 -0.01997 0.03989Kazakhstan 1995 4.8 3.3 2.4 3.0 3.8 3.5 1.263 1.000 0.00886 0.05120Kazakhstan 1999 5.4 3.5 4.5 3.4 5.0 4.4 1.080 0.400 -0.01283 0.04163Kyrgyzstan 1997 2.5 4.5 1.2 2.5 3.7 2.8 0.676 1.200 0.03627 0.04561Turkey 1993 4.1 2.2 3.1 1.1 1.1 2.4 3.727 3.000 -0.22857 0.04022Turkey 1998 4.0 1.9 2.2 0.9 1.2 2.2 3.333 2.800 -0.25264 0.04628Turkmenistan 2000 2.7 3.3 2.2 4.3 6.2 3.6 0.435 3.500 na naUzbekistan 1996 2.2 1.7 1.5 1.5 3.5 2.0 0.629 1.300 0.09313 0.06080

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 4.4 4.3 4.1 4.1 3.3 4.1 1.322 1.077 -0.04650 0.01982Bolivia 1998 3.3 4.4 3.2 2.6 2.9 3.3 1.138 0.400 -0.03926 0.02261Bolivia 2003 3.8 3.0 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.9 1.585 1.396 -0.10881 0.02174Brazil 1996 5.6 4.5 4.0 3.4 3.5 4.3 1.600 2.100 -0.08300 0.02164Colombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 5.0 4.6 4.3 4.7 4.0 4.6 1.250 1.000 -0.01416 0.02272Colombia 2005 4.8 5.7 4.9 4.5 3.8 4.8 1.269 1.008 -0.03040 0.01320Dominican Republic 1996 3.2 2.3 3.0 2.5 2.8 2.8 1.143 0.400 -0.03992 0.03386Dominican Republic 2002 3.2 3.3 2.8 2.2 2.3 2.8 1.400 0.909 -0.08242 0.01898Guatemala 1995 4.2 4.8 4.7 4.4 2.9 4.3 1.448 1.300 0.00674 0.01794Guatemala 1998/99 2.8 4.6 6.3 5.1 2.8 4.3 1.000 0.000 0.04065 0.02688Haiti 1994/95 5.5 6.5 7.7 9.3 10.8 7.8 0.509 5.300 0.14700 0.02083Haiti 2000 6.8 6.4 5.8 9.1 7.8 7.1 0.872 1.000 0.08702 0.01665Nicaragua 1997/98 3.7 3.7 3.4 3.6 2.1 3.4 1.762 1.600 -0.06817 0.01940Nicaragua 2001 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.9 2.5 3.5 1.440 1.100 -0.01853 0.02176Paraguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 3.9 3.8 2.6 3.0 2.1 3.2 1.857 1.800 -0.14809 0.01459Peru 2000 4.8 3.1 2.9 2.3 1.7 3.2 2.824 3.100 -0.17649 0.01770

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA 3.7 3.2 2.8 2.5 2.1 2.9 1.790 1.633 -0.11100 0.02045Egypt 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEgypt 2000 4.6 4.3 3.6 3.3 2.1 3.7 2.190 2.500 -0.12062 0.01800Jordan 1997 2.6 2.1 2.1 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.733 1.100 -0.12649 0.02211Morocco 1992 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.2 2.1 2.8 1.333 0.700 -0.02192 0.02860Morocco 2003/04 na na na na na na na na na naYemen 1997 3.9 3.3 2.7 2.8 2.6 3.1 1.500 1.300 -0.08590 0.02123


OrphanhoodPart IV: Underlying Determinants of HNP Status

PATERNAL ORPHAN PREVALENCE


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 7.2 7.0 7.3 6.9 7.0 7.1 1.017 0.121 0.00866 0.01867Benin 1996 4.2 4.1 3.7 5.8 4.9 4.5 0.857 0.700 0.04482 0.02552Benin 2001 4.7 4.7 4.9 4.5 5.7 4.8 0.825 1.000 0.02819 0.02399Burkina Faso 1992/93 3.0 6.1 4.7 6.8 7.0 5.6 0.433 3.959 0.10454 0.01684Burkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 5.5 4.9 3.8 5.0 7.6 5.2 0.715 2.171 0.05727 0.01622Cameroon 1991 4.7 4.9 4.0 6.4 4.6 4.9 1.022 0.100 -0.00111 0.02562Cameroon 1998 6.3 6.7 7.8 7.6 5.1 6.7 1.235 1.200 -0.02088 0.02026Cameroon 2004 5.3 6.1 8.5 7.3 6.3 6.7 0.842 0.987 0.03460 0.01514Central African Republic 1994/95 8.9 7.3 6.8 7.5 7.3 7.5 1.219 1.600 -0.04535 0.01963Chad 1996/97 4.4 6.0 4.8 6.4 5.3 5.5 0.830 0.900 0.03541 0.01800Chad 2004 4.2 5.7 4.8 3.3 7.6 5.1 0.554 3.389 0.13587 0.02005Comoros 1996 3.4 2.0 3.7 4.1 2.8 3.2 1.214 0.600 0.03988 0.04382Côte d'Ivoire 1994 4.5 4.1 4.7 4.3 4.9 4.5 0.918 0.400 0.02162 0.02127Eritrea 1995 5.4 7.6 10.4 9.3 7.5 7.9 0.720 2.100 0.09238 0.01762Ethiopia 2000 4.8 6.8 8.5 7.2 9.8 7.3 0.490 5.000 0.14468 0.01397Gabon 2000 5.6 4.0 2.7 3.9 3.1 3.8 1.806 2.500 -0.13802 0.02814Ghana 1993 5.0 6.9 4.7 4.8 4.6 5.2 1.087 0.400 -0.05440 0.02563Ghana 1998 3.9 4.8 4.2 4.4 2.4 4.0 1.625 1.500 -0.04622 0.02981Ghana 2003 5.0 5.3 5.0 5.5 3.7 4.9 1.348 1.292 -0.03203 0.02394Guinea 1999 5.4 5.9 5.8 5.9 6.0 5.8 0.900 0.600 0.01885 0.01922Kenya 1993 7.5 5.3 5.3 4.6 3.9 5.4 1.940 3.646 -0.11942 0.01891Kenya 1998 8.2 7.9 7.8 6.6 6.3 7.4 1.302 1.900 -0.07286 0.01756Kenya 2003 9.7 10.0 9.6 9.0 7.2 9.3 1.357 2.559 -0.02829 0.01449Madagascar 1997 5.9 5.9 6.0 4.8 4.0 5.4 1.475 1.900 -0.06258 0.01935Malawi 1992 8.4 5.9 5.0 4.4 4.6 5.7 1.826 3.800 -0.14595 0.02359Malawi 2000 8.9 6.5 7.7 8.4 10.5 8.3 0.848 1.600 0.03442 0.01231Mali 1995/96 3.8 3.6 3.4 4.1 4.4 3.9 0.864 0.600 0.05233 0.02165Mali 2001 2.5 3.0 4.1 4.1 5.3 3.7 0.472 2.800 0.13392 0.01824Mauritania 2000/01 6.2 5.0 5.4 4.6 3.4 5.0 1.824 2.800 -0.13782 0.02291Mozambique 1997 9.1 9.4 5.4 8.5 6.0 7.7 1.517 3.100 -0.09300 0.01526Mozambique 2003 5.8 7.9 7.1 8.1 8.1 7.3 0.717 2.284 0.04021 0.01233Namibia 1992 5.7 6.0 5.7 4.7 4.9 5.4 1.163 0.800 -0.03910 0.02327Namibia 2000 11.0 10.2 8.6 6.4 5.7 8.7 1.930 5.300 -0.11668 0.01607Niger 1998 3.0 2.9 3.4 4.3 4.3 3.6 0.698 1.300 0.09916 0.02333Nigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 3.3 3.3 5.7 5.5 3.1 4.2 1.065 0.205 0.03954 0.02445Rwanda 2000 25.4 25.8 21.0 19.1 23.1 22.7 1.100 2.300 -0.02601 0.00746Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 10.2 8.5 8.7 7.3 6.5 8.5 1.569 3.700 -0.09629 0.01438Tanzania 1996 6.6 7.5 5.4 4.8 6.4 6.2 1.031 0.200 -0.06280 0.01731Tanzania 1999 7.3 6.1 7.7 5.3 5.3 6.4 1.377 2.000 -0.01721 0.02230Tanzania 2004 6.9 5.4 6.1 5.6 6.9 6.2 0.996 0.026 -0.01383 0.01686Togo 1998 5.5 7.6 6.5 7.6 5.9 6.6 0.932 0.400 0.01244 0.01578Uganda 1995 11.0 9.7 8.7 8.9 10.7 9.8 1.028 0.300 -0.02102 0.01440Uganda 2000/01 8.9 8.6 9.3 10.1 11.3 9.6 0.788 2.400 0.05320 0.01396Zambia 1996 7.0 9.5 9.4 9.3 9.2 8.8 0.761 2.200 0.05267 0.01414Zambia 2001 12.3 10.1 10.2 13.6 12.3 11.7 1.000 0.000 0.02833 0.01340Zimbabwe 1994 7.8 8.4 7.6 5.7 5.1 7.1 1.529 2.700 -0.06973 0.01784Zimbabwe 1999 12.4 12.1 14.9 8.2 7.3 11.4 1.699 5.100 -0.07519 0.01440

G. ALL COUNTRIES 5.9 5.7 5.7 5.5 5.5 5.7 1.072 0.399 -0.01933 0.02196



Orphanhood

PATERNAL ORPHAN PREVALENCE (Cont.)

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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC na na na na na na na na na naCambodia 2000 2.5 2.4 2.0 1.3 1.6 2.0 1.563 0.900 -0.11002 0.02646Indonesia 1997 * * * * * * - - na naIndonesia 2002/03 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.3 0.5 1.0 2.090 0.563 -0.09652 0.02785Philippines 1998 na na na na na na na na na naPhilippines 2003 na na na na na na na na na naVietnam 1997 na na na na na na na na na naVietnam 2002 na na na na na na na na na na

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.979 0.017 0.02243 0.08096Armenia 2000 0.1 0.7 1.1 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.167 0.500 0.18913 0.07468Kazakhstan 1995 1.1 0.4 1.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.375 0.300 -0.07949 0.10011Kazakhstan 1999 0.9 0.8 1.7 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.818 0.200 0.01400 0.06813Kyrgyzstan 1997 0.3 0.2 1.0 1.2 0.3 0.6 1.000 0.000 0.06786 0.10133Turkey 1993 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.2 0.7 3.500 0.500 -0.11113 0.06984Turkey 1998 1.0 1.3 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.250 0.200 -0.10221 0.06280Turkmenistan 2000 1.6 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.778 0.700 na naUzbekistan 1996 0.8 1.2 0.1 0.6 1.1 0.8 0.727 0.300 -0.05662 0.09785

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.374 0.524 -0.05221 0.03170Bolivia 1998 2.1 2.3 1.8 1.1 1.2 1.8 1.750 0.900 -0.10065 0.02883Bolivia 2003 2.4 2.3 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.8 2.012 1.225 -0.12088 0.02771Brazil 1996 1.5 1.7 1.9 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.250 0.300 -0.01222 0.03434Colombia 1995 1.4 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.273 0.300 -0.04448 0.04590Colombia 2000 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.0 0.769 0.300 0.05512 0.05148Colombia 2005 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.252 0.220 -0.07182 0.03170Dominican Republic 1996 1.7 2.0 1.7 1.9 1.4 1.7 1.214 0.300 -0.01318 0.03772Dominican Republic 2002 1.6 1.4 0.9 1.2 0.8 1.2 1.907 0.747 -0.08589 0.02884Guatemala 1995 1.8 2.8 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.8 1.385 0.500 -0.09946 0.02667Guatemala 1998/99 2.1 2.4 1.6 1.7 1.3 1.9 1.615 0.800 -0.06878 0.04261Haiti 1994/95 4.1 4.9 3.7 4.6 6.4 4.7 0.641 2.300 0.06396 0.02764Haiti 2000 3.3 3.0 5.7 3.4 3.8 3.8 0.868 0.500 0.11088 0.02201Nicaragua 1997/98 1.2 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.7 1.0 1.714 0.500 -0.10921 0.03457Nicaragua 2001 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.8 0.9 1.1 1.111 0.100 0.03440 0.04020Paraguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 2.3 2.2 1.8 1.5 2.2 2.0 1.045 0.100 -0.05045 0.01820Peru 2000 2.4 1.6 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.5 2.182 1.300 -0.20338 0.02618

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA 1.3 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.345 0.333 -0.09934 0.03501Egypt 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEgypt 2000 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.0 1.714 0.500 -0.09375 0.03737Jordan 1997 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.625 0.300 -0.11046 0.04061Morocco 1992 2.2 1.7 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.158 0.300 -0.03767 0.03517Morocco 2003/04 na na na na na na na na na naYemen 1997 2.2 2.0 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.8 1.571 0.800 -0.09380 0.02705



MATERNAL ORPHAN PREVALENCE


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 3.0 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.5 0.802 0.748 0.04054 0.02548Benin 1996 2.8 2.5 2.1 2.8 1.8 2.4 1.556 1.000 -0.04352 0.03429Benin 2001 2.0 1.8 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.9 1.176 0.300 0.00977 0.03602Burkina Faso 1992/93 1.8 3.1 4.3 3.4 3.4 3.2 0.539 1.545 0.05896 0.02156Burkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 2.3 2.9 2.4 2.2 3.5 2.7 0.664 1.186 0.04422 0.02156Cameroon 1991 2.5 1.2 3.1 2.6 1.9 2.3 1.316 0.600 -0.02744 0.03800Cameroon 1998 3.0 3.7 4.2 2.0 1.9 3.0 1.579 1.100 -0.10106 0.02952Cameroon 2004 2.2 3.3 2.9 3.3 3.5 3.0 0.630 1.296 0.05522 0.02312Central African Republic 1994/95 3.5 4.1 3.6 4.7 3.5 3.9 1.000 0.000 0.03108 0.02629Chad 1996/97 1.5 2.1 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.5 0.517 1.400 0.09616 0.02559Chad 2004 1.4 2.2 2.7 2.6 4.3 2.6 0.331 2.874 0.20015 0.02710Comoros 1996 1.9 1.9 2.3 2.5 2.2 2.1 0.864 0.300 0.06262 0.05147Côte d'Ivoire 1994 1.6 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.3 1.9 0.696 0.700 0.04818 0.03199Eritrea 1995 2.0 5.8 8.3 4.2 2.8 4.6 0.714 0.800 -0.04368 0.02160Ethiopia 2000 2.9 3.7 4.6 4.3 4.9 4.0 0.592 2.000 0.09705 0.01819Gabon 2000 1.6 2.2 2.6 4.0 2.9 2.7 0.552 1.300 0.11477 0.03107Ghana 1993 3.4 3.3 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.7 1.478 1.100 -0.09681 0.03705Ghana 1998 2.2 3.2 2.3 1.8 2.1 2.4 1.048 0.100 -0.04778 0.03619Ghana 2003 1.9 2.4 1.6 3.1 1.9 2.2 1.027 0.051 0.03919 0.03732Guinea 1999 3.1 3.7 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.9 1.192 0.500 -0.04270 0.02742Kenya 1993 2.6 1.5 1.3 2.0 1.4 1.8 1.784 1.126 -0.07749 0.03557Kenya 1998 1.9 2.5 3.5 2.9 3.6 2.8 0.528 1.700 0.10108 0.02780Kenya 2003 4.0 3.2 4.4 4.5 4.1 4.0 0.970 0.122 0.03342 0.02241Madagascar 1997 2.3 4.4 3.7 3.9 2.7 3.4 0.852 0.400 0.03929 0.02330Malawi 1992 4.1 3.7 3.4 5.1 5.0 4.3 0.820 0.900 -0.01330 0.02547Malawi 2000 3.7 4.2 4.6 5.5 6.7 4.9 0.552 3.000 0.09651 0.01584Mali 1995/96 2.5 1.7 2.4 2.0 2.1 2.1 1.190 0.400 0.00465 0.02778Mali 2001 2.0 2.2 2.1 1.8 2.4 2.1 0.833 0.400 0.05371 0.02367Mauritania 2000/01 4.3 3.1 2.7 3.3 2.6 3.3 1.654 1.700 -0.11220 0.02764Mozambique 1997 4.7 6.1 6.4 5.7 4.0 5.3 1.175 0.700 -0.01225 0.01665Mozambique 2003 2.5 3.7 3.8 4.9 4.2 3.8 0.599 1.702 0.07891 0.01698Namibia 1992 1.8 2.5 1.7 2.1 2.3 2.1 0.783 0.500 0.00607 0.03858Namibia 2000 3.7 4.7 3.5 3.3 2.4 3.6 1.542 1.300 -0.06134 0.02501Niger 1998 1.9 2.2 3.0 2.8 1.8 2.3 1.056 0.100 0.00484 0.02612Nigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 2.7 2.3 2.5 2.4 3.2 2.6 0.839 0.515 0.06817 0.03046Rwanda 2000 8.0 8.2 7.9 9.7 10.2 8.8 0.784 2.200 0.05372 0.01274Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 2.5 2.1 2.6 3.1 1.7 2.4 1.471 0.800 0.00840 0.02656Tanzania 1996 2.7 3.7 2.2 2.5 3.6 2.9 0.750 0.900 0.02333 0.02492Tanzania 1999 3.9 2.7 3.5 3.4 4.2 3.5 0.929 0.300 -0.00493 0.02803Tanzania 2004 2.5 2.5 3.3 3.6 4.6 3.3 0.528 2.194 0.05596 0.02109Togo 1998 2.8 2.8 2.2 3.1 3.8 2.9 0.737 1.000 0.04284 0.02548Uganda 1995 3.9 4.2 5.1 4.7 7.3 5.0 0.534 3.400 0.10359 0.01956Uganda 2000/01 3.4 4.2 5.2 5.6 7.6 5.2 0.447 4.200 0.15084 0.01935Zambia 1996 2.4 4.6 4.8 4.3 5.9 4.3 0.407 3.500 0.13045 0.02066Zambia 2001 6.6 5.2 5.1 6.1 6.7 5.9 0.985 0.100 0.00895 0.01967Zimbabwe 1994 3.2 2.8 2.9 1.9 2.3 2.7 1.391 0.900 -0.05287 0.03059Zimbabwe 1999 5.5 4.5 5.8 3.7 4.9 5.0 1.122 0.600 -0.00267 0.02386

G. ALL COUNTRIES 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 0.887 0.306 0.00707 0.03328



Orphanhood

MATERNAL ORPHAN PREVALENCE (Cont.)

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A. EAST ASIA, PACIFIC na na na na na na na na na naCambodia 2000 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.8 0.6 0.750 0.200 -0.06051 0.04834Indonesia 1997 * * * * * * - - na naIndonesia 2002/03 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.732 0.053 0.03718 0.05035Philippines 1998 na na na na na na na na na naPhilippines 2003 na na na na na na na na na naVietnam 1997 na na na na na na na na na naVietnam 2002 na na na na na na na na na na

B. EUROPE, CENTRAL ASIA 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.857 0.017 0.22647 0.21662Armenia 2000 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 - 0.100 0.03013 0.14928Kazakhstan 1995 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 3.000 0.200 -0.32690 0.41210Kazakhstan 1999 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 2.000 0.200 -0.14500 0.16067Kyrgyzstan 1997 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 - 0.200 0.60078 0.25418Turkey 1993 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 - 0.200 -0.28210 0.18575Turkey 1998 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 - 0.100 0.02189 0.18466Turkmenistan 2000 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 - 0.100 na naUzbekistan 1996 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.1 - 0.200 0.62454 0.33430

C. LATIN AMERICA, CARIBBEAN 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.772 0.078 0.04545 0.06982Bolivia 1998 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.750 0.100 0.09703 0.06803Bolivia 2003 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 1.289 0.054 -0.06638 0.07263Brazil 1996 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.750 0.100 0.00005 0.07044Colombia 1995 na na na na na na na na na naColombia 2000 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 1.000 0.000 0.01029 0.11863Colombia 2005 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 3.601 0.180 -0.09324 0.06696Dominican Republic 1996 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 1.500 0.100 0.07514 0.09500Dominican Republic 2002 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 3.201 0.146 -0.00439 0.06662Guatemala 1995 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 1.000 0.000 -0.08175 0.07337Guatemala 1998/99 0.1 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.500 0.100 0.15367 0.07226Haiti 1994/95 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.5 2.4 1.4 0.417 1.400 0.20097 0.05385Haiti 2000 0.6 0.6 0.7 1.1 1.3 0.8 0.462 0.700 0.30437 0.05906Nicaragua 1997/98 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 2.000 0.100 -0.17427 0.09788Nicaragua 2001 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.667 0.100 0.12016 0.07701Paraguay 1990 na na na na na na na na na naPeru 1996 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.500 0.200 0.02844 0.05133Peru 2000 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.000 0.000 -0.05064 0.07359

D. MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA na na na na na na na na -0.22125 0.10661Egypt 1995 na na na na na na na na na naEgypt 2000 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 2.000 0.100 -0.23638 0.11769Jordan 1997 na na na na na na na na -0.21270 0.10575Morocco 1992 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.333 0.200 0.16469 0.11385Morocco 2003/04 na na na na na na na na na naYemen 1997 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 3.000 0.200 -0.21467 0.09640



DOUBLE ORPHAN PREVALENCE


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F. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.1 0.667 0.449 0.10466 0.05527Benin 1996 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.500 0.200 0.05754 0.10277Benin 2001 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.5 1.250 0.100 -0.00558 0.07493Burkina Faso 1992/93 0.4 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.0 0.217 1.273 0.14693 0.03962Burkina Faso 1998/99 na na na na na na na na na naBurkina Faso 2003 0.4 0.8 0.6 0.6 1.5 0.8 0.245 1.168 0.21514 0.04223Cameroon 1991 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.4 1.200 0.100 -0.09873 0.09898Cameroon 1998 0.4 0.6 1.3 0.4 0.4 0.6 1.000 0.000 0.02014 0.05744Cameroon 2004 0.5 0.5 0.6 1.2 0.8 0.7 0.542 0.388 0.15343 0.04658Central African Republic 1994/95 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.8 1.286 0.200 -0.02458 0.05888Chad 1996/97 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 1.0 0.5 0.200 0.800 0.30504 0.06044Chad 2004 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.3 2.0 0.7 0.101 1.764 0.53557 0.06713Comoros 1996 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 - 0.300 0.24535 0.17878Côte d'Ivoire 1994 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.429 0.400 0.16560 0.07523Eritrea 1995 0.1 0.5 1.2 1.3 0.5 0.7 0.200 0.400 0.12423 0.04635Ethiopia 2000 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.4 0.8 0.357 0.900 0.20018 0.04632Gabon 2000 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.4 1.000 0.000 -0.00802 0.07636Ghana 1993 0.8 1.3 0.9 1.1 0.7 1.0 1.143 0.100 -0.04044 0.05883Ghana 1998 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.333 0.400 0.08604 0.08615Ghana 2003 0.4 0.5 0.3 1.1 0.3 0.5 1.389 0.104 0.05232 0.07652Guinea 1999 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.545 0.500 0.12710 0.05483Kenya 1993 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.565 0.194 0.19741 0.10010Kenya 1998 0.5 0.8 1.2 0.8 1.2 0.9 0.417 0.700 0.13844 0.05071Kenya 2003 1.9 1.8 2.7 2.6 1.5 2.1 1.258 0.395 0.04519 0.02814Madagascar 1997 0.3 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.750 0.100 0.03051 0.07009Malawi 1992 1.2 1.1 0.8 1.7 0.9 1.1 1.333 0.300 -0.08200 0.04462Malawi 2000 1.3 1.4 1.6 2.4 2.7 1.8 0.481 1.400 0.13543 0.02602Mali 1995/96 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.571 0.300 0.11666 0.06976Mali 2001 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.667 0.200 0.12312 0.04644Mauritania 2000/01 1.0 1.3 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.667 0.400 -0.18242 0.05861Mozambique 1997 0.7 1.1 1.4 1.3 0.6 1.0 1.167 0.100 0.04199 0.03465Mozambique 2003 0.8 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.2 0.554 0.679 0.09106 0.03026Namibia 1992 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.286 0.500 0.09817 0.08557Namibia 2000 1.7 0.8 1.3 1.0 0.8 1.1 2.125 0.900 -0.11599 0.04794Niger 1998 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.667 0.100 0.21458 0.08361Nigeria 1990 na na na na na na na na na naNigeria 2003 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.6 1.836 0.269 0.10556 0.06046Rwanda 2000 3.7 4.6 4.1 5.2 6.7 4.9 0.552 3.000 0.10531 0.01805Senegal 1997 na na na na na na na na na naSouth Africa 1998 0.8 0.5 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.8 2.000 0.400 0.00325 0.04754Tanzania 1996 0.2 1.0 0.3 0.5 1.0 0.6 0.200 0.800 0.16103 0.05621Tanzania 1999 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.7 1.4 1.0 0.786 0.300 0.06260 0.05014Tanzania 2004 0.5 0.3 0.7 1.1 2.1 0.9 0.257 1.529 0.19216 0.03974Togo 1998 0.6 0.4 0.2 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.667 0.300 0.16615 0.05511Uganda 1995 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.6 3.2 1.9 0.469 1.700 0.12664 0.03465Uganda 2000/01 1.4 1.8 2.1 2.6 3.5 2.2 0.400 2.100 0.19361 0.02909Zambia 1996 0.7 1.5 1.6 1.5 2.3 1.5 0.304 1.600 0.20041 0.03676Zambia 2001 2.8 2.4 2.4 3.0 3.8 2.9 0.737 1.000 0.06797 0.02837Zimbabwe 1994 0.5 1.1 1.2 0.5 0.4 0.7 1.250 0.100 0.00285 0.04734Zimbabwe 1999 2.4 1.9 2.6 1.9 1.5 2.1 1.600 0.900 -0.02581 0.03379

G. ALL COUNTRIES 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.687 0.288 0.08129 0.07843



Orphanhood

DOUBLE ORPHAN PREVALENCE (Cont.)

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ANNEXES

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ANNEX A: INDICATOR DEFINITIONS

Part I: HNP STATUS

A. CHILDHOOD MORTALITY AND ILLNESS 23

Infant mortality rate: number of deaths to children under twelve months of age per 1,000 live births, based on experience during the ten years before the survey.

Under-five mortality rate: number of deaths to children under five years of age per 1,000 live births, based on experience during the ten years before the survey.

Prevalence of fever: percent of children who had fever, whether or not accompanied by cough or rapid breathing, in the two weeks before the survey.

Prevalence of diarrhea: percent of children who had diarrhea in the two weeks before the survey.

Prevalence of acute respiratory infection: percent of children who had a cough accompanied by rapid or difficult breathing in the two weeks before the survey.

B. FERTILITY

Total fertility rate (TFR): average number of births a woman could expect to have during her lifetime if she followed the levels of fertility currently observed at every age. The TFR is calculated as the sum of average annual age-specific fertility rates for all reproductive age groups (usually 15-49 years) in the three years before the survey.

Adolescent fertility rate: age-specific fertility rate for women 15-19 years of age. This is the average number of births among women aged 15-19 years per 1,000 women in that age group, based on births in the three years before the survey and expressed as annual averages.

23 Figures for the prevalence of fever, diarrhea, and acute respiratory infection refer to percent of children under three, four, or five years of age, depending upon the country. (The specific ages covered for in particular country may be determined by consulting the full report on that country’s DHS, which may be found at: www.measuredhs.com/countries.)

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C. NUTRITIONAL STATUS

Children 24, 25, 26 Moderate stunting (height-for-age): percent of children with a height-for-age Z-score of between –2 and –3 standard deviations of the median reference standard for their age (as defined in fn. 4).

Severe stunting (height-for-age): percent of children with a height-for-age Z-score of below –3 standard deviations of the median reference standard for their age (as defined in fn. 4).

Moderate underweight (weight-for-age): percent of children with a weight-for-age Z-score of between –2 and –3 standard deviations of the median reference standard for their age (as defined in fn. 4).

Severe underweight (weight-for-age): percent of children with a weight-for-age Z-score of below –3 standard deviations of the median reference standard for their age (as defined in fn. 4).

Mild anemia: percent of children with a hemoglobin level of between 10.0g/dl and 10.9 g/dl, the World Health Organization criterion for mild anemia.

Moderate anemia: percent of children with a hemoglobin level of between 7.0g/dl and 9.9g/dl, the World Health Organization criterion for moderate anemia.

Severe anemia: percent of children with a hemoglobin level of below 7.0g/dl, the World Health Organization criterion for severe anemia.

Women 27, 28 Malnutrition: percent of women aged 15-49 years with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of less than 18.5, where BMI – commonly used to indicate adult nutritional status – is defined as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters.

Mild anemia: percent of women aged 15-49 years with a hemoglobin level of between 10.0g/dl and 10.9g/dl for pregnant women and between 10.0g/dl and 11.9g/dl for non-pregnant women, the World Health Organization criterion for mild anemia.

Moderate anemia: percent of women aged 15-49 years with a hemoglobin level of between 7.0g/dl and 9.9g/dl, the World Health Organization criterion for moderate anemia.

Severe anemia: percent of women aged 15-49 years with a hemoglobin level of less than 7.0g/dl, the World Health Organization criterion for severe anemia.

24 All figures related to children’s nutrition status refer to children under three, four, or five years of age, depending upon the country. (The specific ages covered for in particular country may be determined by consulting the full report on the DHS of the country concerned, which is available at: www.measuredhs.com/countries.) 25 The reference standards used for stunting and underweight are those established in the 1970s by the World Health Organization, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control, and the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics. Updated stunting and underweight figures based on the recently-released, 2006 World Health Organization reference standards are currently under preparation. When complete, they will be available at: www.worldbank.org/povertyandhealth/ countrydata. 26 The anemia figures for children living at an altitude above 1,000 meters have been adjusted to reflect the higher level of hemoglobin required. 27 In some countries, the BMI is presented for all women; in others, the figure is available only for mothers of children under five years of age. The reference population for any given country can be determined by consulting the full report on the DHS for the country concerned. An electronic version of this report is located at: www.measuredhs.com/ countries. 28 Anemia cut-off points for respondents who live at an altitude above 1,000 meters and/or who smoke have been adjusted to account for their higher hemoglobin requirements.

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D. FEMALE CIRCUMCISION

Prevalence of Circumcision Girls: percent of girls aged 6-10 years with one or more daughters, at least one of whom had been circumcised.

Women: percent of women aged 15-49 years who had been circumcised.

Prevalence of Occlusion Girls: percent of girls aged 6-10 years with one or more daughters, at least one of whom had been circumcised with the vaginal area sewn closed.

Women: percent of women aged 15-49 years whose vaginal area had been sewn closed.

E. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES

Prevalence of Genital Discharge Women: percent of women aged 15-49 years who had had abnormal genital discharge in the twelve months before the survey.

Men: percent of men aged 15-54 years who had had abnormal genital discharge in the twelve months before the survey.

Prevalence of Genital Ulcer or Sore Women: percent of women aged 15-49 years who had had a genital ulcer or sore in the twelve months before the survey.

Men: percent of men aged 15-54 years who had had a genital ulcer or sore in the twelve months before the survey.

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Part II: INTERMEDIATE DETERMINANTS OF HNP STATUS – HEALTH SERVICE USE

A. CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION 29

BCG coverage: percent of children who had received a dose of BCG vaccine by the time of the survey.

Measles coverage: percent of children who had received a dose of measles vaccine by the time of the survey.

DPT coverage: percent of children who had received three doses of DPT vaccine by the time of the survey.

Full basic coverage: percent of children who had received a dose of BCG vaccine, measles vaccine, and three doses of DPT and polio vaccines by the time of the survey, excluding polio vaccine given at birth.

No basic coverage: percent of children who had received no vaccination against the six early-childhood diseases (TB, measles, polio, diphtheria, pertusis, and tetanus) by the time of the survey.

Hepatitis B coverage: percent of children who had received three doses of hepatitis B vaccine by the time of the survey.

Yellow fever coverage: percent of children who had received a dose of yellow fever vaccine by the time of the survey.

B. TREATMENT OF CHILDHOOD ILLNESSES 30

Treatment of Fever Medical treatment of fever: percent of children with fever, with or without cough or rapid breathing, in the two weeks before the survey who had sought medical advice for fever from any health facility or health provider, whether public or private.

Treatment in a public facility: percent of children with fever, with or without cough or rapid breathing, in the two weeks before the survey who had sought medical advice for fever from a public-sector health facility or provider (as defined in fn. 9).

Treatment in a private facility: percent of children with fever, with or without cough or rapid breathing, in the two weeks before the survey who had sought medical advice for fever from a private-sector health facility or provider (as defined in fn. 9).

29 Childhood immunization figures refer to rates among children 12-23 months of age in all countries except those in Latin America and the Caribbean. There, the figures refer to rates among children 18-29 months of age. All figures are based on information recorded on the child’s vaccination card; or, in cases where a card was not seen by the interviewer, on the mother’s report. 30 Figures for illness treatment in a public facility refer to treatment in government hospitals, health centers, health posts, or dispensaries; or in facilities operated by government-affiliated social securing programs. Figures for treatment in private facilities cover treatment in private hospitals or clinics, in private doctors’ offices, or in facilities operated by other private medical providers (such as non-governmental organizations) as defined in the country concerned; but exclude treatment obtained in private pharmacies or shops.

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Treatment of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) Medical treatment of ARI: percent of children with a cough and rapid breathing in the two weeks before the survey who had been taken for treatment at any medical facility or provider, whether public or private.

Treatment in a public facility: percent of children with a cough and rapid breathing in the two weeks before the survey who had been taken for treatment at a public-sector health facility or provider (as defined in fn. 9).

Treatment in a private facility: percent of children with a cough and rapid breathing in the two weeks before the survey who had been taken for treatment at a private-sector health facility or provider (as defined in fn. 9).

Treatment of Diarrhea Use of oral rehydration therapy: percent of children with diarrhea in the two weeks before the survey who had received oral rehydration therapy (ORT) (defined as including consumption of oral rehydration salts, other recommended home fluids, or other increased liquids).

Medical treatment of diarrhea: percent of children with diarrhea in the two weeks before the survey who had been taken for treatment at any medical facility or provider, whether public or private.

Treatment in a public facility: percent of children with diarrhea in the two weeks before the survey who had been taken for treatment at a public-sector health facility or provider (as defined in fn. 9).

Treatment in a private facility: percent of children with diarrhea in the two weeks before the survey who had been taken for treatment at a private-sector health facility or provider (as defined in fn. 9).

C. ANTENATAL AND DELIVERY CARE 31

Antenatal Care (ANC) Visits To a medically-trained person: percent of women with one or more births in the five years before the survey who had received at least one antenatal care consultation from a medically-trained person (as defined in fn. 10) before her most recent birth.

To a doctor: percent of women with one or more births in the five years before the survey who had received at least one antenatal care consultation from a doctor before her most recent birth.

To a nurse or trained midwife: percent of women with one or more births in the five years before the survey who had received at least one antenatal care consultation from a nurse or trained midwife (as defined in fn. 10) before her most recent birth.

Multiple visits to a medically-trained person: percent of women with one or more births in the five years before the survey who had received at least three antenatal care consultations from any medically-trained provider (as defined in fn. 10) before her most recent birth.

31 When speaking of antenatal and delivery care, medically-trained persons are defined as doctors, nurses, and trained midwives. The definition excludes traditional midwives or other traditional birth attendants, whether trained or untrained.

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Antenatal Care (ANC) Content Tetanus toxoid: percent of women with one or more births in the five years before the survey who had received at least one tetanus toxoid injection during her most recent pregnancy.

Prophylactic antimalarial treatment: percent of women with one or more births in the five years before the survey who had received prophylactic treatment with any antimalarial drug during her most recent pregnancy.

Iron supplementation: percent of women with one or more births in the five years before the survey who had taken iron tablets during her most recent pregnancy.

Delivery Attendance By a medically-trained person: percent of births in the five years before the survey attended by a medically-trained person (as defined in fn. 10).

By a doctor: percent of births in the five years before the survey attended by a doctor.

By a nurse or trained midwife: percent of births in the five years before the survey attended to by a nurse or a trained midwife (as defined in fn. 10).

In a public facility: percent of all deliveries in the five years before the survey occurring in a public-sector health facility (as defined in fn. 9).

In a private facility: percent of all deliveries in the five years before the survey occurring in a private-sector health facility (as defined in fn. 9).

At home: percent of all deliveries in the five years before the survey occurring at home (defined as the woman’s own or any other home).

D. CONTRACEPTIVE SERVICES

Contraceptive Prevalence 32 Women: percent of married or in-union women aged 15-49 years who used any modern means of contraception (as defined in fn. 11).

Men: percent of married or in-union men aged 15-54 years who used any modern means of contraception (as defined in fn. 11).

Source of Contraception - Public Sector Women: percent of married women who obtained their current method of contraception from a public-sector health facility or provider (as defined in fn. 9).

Men: percent of married men who obtained their current method of contraception from a public-sector health facility or provider (as defined in fn. 9).

32 Figures refer to use of modern means of contraception, defined as male/female sterilization, oral contraceptive pill, contraceptive injection, intrauterine device, male/female condom, diaphragm, cervical cap, contraceptive jelly or foam, implant, or some country-specific modern method.

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Source of Contraception - Private Sector Women: percent of married women who obtained their current method of contraception from a private-sector health facility or provider (as defined in fn. 9, except that private pharmacies and shops are included rather than excluded).

Men: percent of married men who obtained their current method of contraception from a private-sector health facility or provider (as defined in fn. 9, except that private pharmacies and shops are included rather than excluded).

E. TREATMENT OF ADULT ILLNESSES

Treatment of Genital Discharge, Ulcer, or Sore Women: percent of women with genital discharge, ulcer, or sore who sought any medical treatment for resulting symptoms.

Men: percent of men with genital discharge, ulcer, or sore who sought any medical treatment for resulting symptoms.

Treatment of Genital Discharge, Ulcer, or Sore in a Public Facility Women: percent of women with genital discharge, ulcer, or sore who sought treatment from a public-sector health facility or provider (as defined in fn. 9).

Men: percent of men with genital discharge, ulcer, or sore who sought treatment from a public-sector health facility or provider (as defined in fn. 9).

Voluntary Counseling and Testing for HIV/AIDS Women: percent of women aged 15-49 years who had been tested for HIV at any time before the survey.

Men: percent of men aged 15-54 years who had been tested for HIV at any time before the survey.

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Part III: INTERMEDIATE DETERMINANTS OF HNP STATUS – INDIVIDUAL AND HOUSEHOLD BEHAVIOR

A. HYGIENIC PRACTICES

Disposal of Children’s Stools Sanitary disposal: percent of mothers with at least one child under five years of age who disposed of the stools of their youngest child in a sanitary manner (defined as dropping stool into a latrine, burying it, or using disposable diapers).

Handwashing Wash hands prior to preparing food: percent of women aged 15-49 years preparing meals who washed hands before handling food.

Handwashing facilities in household: percent of households that had hand-washing materials or facilities, as determined by direct observation of interviewers.

B. BEDNET OWNERSHIP AND USE

Bednet Ownership Bednet ownership: percent of households owning one or more bednets.

Treated bednet ownership: percent of households owning one or more bednets that had recently been treated with insecticides.

Bednet Use By children: percent of households with at least one child under five years of age, some or all of whom had slept under a bednet the night before the survey.

By pregnant women: percent of currently pregnant women who had slept under a bednet the night before the survey.

C. BREASTFEEDING

Exclusive breastfeeding: percent of children 0-3 months of age who had received only breast milk in the twenty-four hours before the survey.

Timely complementary feeding: percent of children 6-9 months of age who had received breast milk and solid or semi-solid foods in the twenty-four hours before the survey.

Bottle-feeding: percent of children under 12 months of age who had received any food or drink from a bottle with a nipple in the twenty-four hours before the survey.

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D. MICRONUTRIENT CONSUMPTION

Iodized Salt Availability of iodized salt in household: percent of households with cooking salt testing positive for iodine/iodate at the recommended level of 15 or 25 parts per million or more (depending on the country). 33

Vitamin A Children: percent of children34 who had received at least one dose of vitamin A in the six months before the survey, as reported by the mothers.

Women: percent of women who had received a dose of vitamin A within two months of the last birth, in the five years before the survey.

E. TOBACCO AND ALCOHOL USE

Tobacco 35 Women: percent of women aged 15-49 years who currently were smoking or chewing tobacco products.

Men: percent of men aged 15-54 years who currently were smoking or chewing tobacco products.

Alcohol Women: percent of women aged 15-49 years who had gotten intoxicated due to excessive consumption of alcohol in the three months before the survey.

Men: percent of men aged 15-54 years who had gotten intoxicated due to excessive consumption of alcohol in the three months before the survey.

F. SEXUAL PRACTICES

Non-Regular Sexual Partnerships Women: percent of women aged 15-49 years who had had sex with a non-regular partner at least once in the twelve months before the survey.

Men: percent of men aged 15-54 years who had had sex with a non-regular partner at least once in the twelve months before the survey.

Condom Usage with Non-Regular Partner Women: percent of women aged 15-49 years with non-regular sexual partner who had used a condom in the last sexual intercourse with such a partner in the twelve months before the survey.

Men: percent of men aged 15-54 years with non-regular sexual partner who had used a condom in the last sexual intercourse with such a partner in the twelve months before the survey.

33 Which of these two levels is recommended in any particular country may be determined by consulting the full report on that country’s DHS, which may be found at: www.measuredhs.com/countries. 34 Figures refer to children over six months of age and under three, four, or five years of age, depending upon the country. (The specific ages covered for in a particular country may be determined by consulting the full report on that country’s DHS, which is available at: www.measuredhs.com/countries.) 35 Tobacco products include cigarettes, pipes, cigars, leaves, etc.

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G. DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

Ever experienced violence: percent of women aged 15-49 years who had ever been hit or beaten by current or former husband/partner.

Experienced violence in past year: percent of women aged 15-49 years who had been hit or beaten by current or former husband/partner in the twelve months before the survey.

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Part IV: UNDERLYING DETERMINANTS OF HNP STATUS

A. EDUCATION

School Completion Women: percent of women aged 15-49 years who had completed the fifth grade.

Men: percent of men aged 15-54 years who had completed the fifth grade.

School Participation Girls: percent of girls aged 6-10 years who were attending school at the time of the survey.

Boys: percent of boys aged 6-10 years who were attending school at the time of the survey.

B. EXPOSURE TO MASS MEDIA

Newspaper Readership Women: percent of women aged 15-49 years who read a newspaper at least once a week.

Men: percent of men aged 15-54 years who read a newspaper at least once a week.

Radio Listenership Women: percent of women aged 15-49 years who listened to radio at least once a week.

Men: percent of men aged 15-54 years who listened to radio at least once a week.

Television Viewership Women: percent of women aged 15-49 years who watched television at least once a week.

Men: percent of men aged 15-54 years who watched television at least once a week.

C. KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES ABOUT HIV/AIDS

Knowledge about Sexual Transmission of HIV/AIDS 36 Women: percent of women aged 15-49 years who knew of HIV/AIDS and of at least one of the following ways to avoid it through interruption of its sexual transmission route: abstinence; using a condom; avoiding multiple sex partners, sex with prostitutes, and unprotected homosexual sex.

Men: percent of men aged 15-54 years who knew of HIV/AIDS and of at least one of the ways to avoid HIV/AIDS referred to in the preceding definition.

36 In most countries, the survey sample included both married and unmarried individuals. Where this was the case, all respondents, regardless of marital status, were asked the question covered in this section. Where the survey covered only individuals who were or had been married, the data pertain only to individuals who had ever been married. (The marital status of people covered for in particular country is indicated in the full report on that country’s DHS, which is located at: www.measuredhs.com/countries.)

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Knowledge about Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV/AIDS Women: percent of women aged 15-49 years who knew of at least one way HIV/AIDS can be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding.

Men: percent of men aged 15-54 years who knew of at least one way HIV/AIDS can be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding.

Attitudes toward HIV/AIDS Women: percent of women aged 15-49 years who believed that people with HIV/AIDS should be allowed to continue working or that HIV test results should remain confidential.

Men: percent of men aged 15-54 years who believed that people with HIV/AIDS should be allowed to continue working or that HIV test results should remain confidential.

D. STATUS OF WOMEN

Household Decisionmaking Can seek own health care: percent of women age 15-49 years who could decide by themselves to seek their own health care.

Can seek children’s health care: percent of women aged 15-49 years, whose children live with them, who could decide by themselves to seek health care for their children.

Can make daily household purchases: percent of women aged 15-49 years who could decide by themselves or jointly with others to make daily household purchases.

Can make large household purchases: percent of women aged 15-49 years who could decide by themselves or jointly with others to make large household purchases.

Can make meal-related decisions: percent of women aged 15-49 years who could decide by themselves what food to cook daily.

Freedom of Movement Can travel to visit family, relatives: percent of women aged 15-49 years who could decide by themselves to visit family and relatives.

Other Decisionmaking, Attitudes Can decide how to spend own money: percent of women aged 15-49 years who work for cash who could decide by themselves on how to use the money they earn.

Can decide whether to have sex: percent of women aged 15-49 years agreeing that they can refuse to have sex with their husband for at least one of the following reasons: he has a sexually-transmitted disease; he has had sexual relations with another woman; or the woman is tired, not in mood, or recently has given birth.

Justify domestic violence: percent of women aged 15-49 years believing that a husband/male partner would be justified in beating his wife/female partner for at least one of the following reasons: he suspects her of being unfaithful; she argues with him; she goes out without telling him; she neglects the children; she burns the food; or other, country-specific reasons (for example, she shows disrespect for her in-laws or her family does not give the expected dowry).

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E. ORPHANHOOD

Maternal orphan prevalence: percent of children under 15 years of age whose natural mother had died before the survey.

Paternal orphan prevalence: percent of children under 15 years of age whose natural father had died before the survey.

Double orphan prevalence: percent of children under 15 years of age both of whose natural parents had died before the survey.

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ANNEX B: ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF INDICATORS

Acute respiratory infection: prevalence of ARI among children 29 Acute respiratory infection: medical treatment of children’s ARI 95 Acute respiratory infection: medical treatment of children’s ARI in a private facility 99 Acute respiratory infection: medical treatment of children’s ARI in a public facility 97

Adolescent: adolescent fertility rate 33

Adult illnesses: treatment of genital discharge, ulcer, sore among men 149 Adult illnesses: treatment of genital discharge, ulcer, sore among women 147 Adult illnesses: treatment of genital discharge, ulcer, sore in a public facility among men 153 Adult illnesses: treatment of genital discharge, ulcer, sore in a public facility among women 151

Alcohol: alcohol use among men 193 Alcohol: alcohol use among women 191

Anemia: mild anemia among children 43 Anemia: mild anemia among women 51 Anemia: moderate anemia among children 45 Anemia: moderate anemia among women 53 Anemia: severe anemia among children 47 Anemia: severe anemia among women 55

Antenatal care use: visits to a medically-trained person 109 Antenatal care use: multiple visits to a medically-trained person 115 Antenatal care use: visits to a nurse or trained midwife 113 Antenatal care use: visits to a doctor 111 Antenatal care content: tetanus toxoid 117 Antenatal care content: prophylactic antimalarial treatment 119 Antenatal care content: iron supplementation 121

Bednets: ownership of bednets 167 Bednets: ownership of treated bednets 169 Bednets: use of bednets by children 171 Bednets: use of bednets by pregnant women 173

Breastfeeding: exclusive breastfeeding 175 Breastfeeding: timely complementary breastfeeding 177 Breastfeeding: bottle-feeding 179

Childhood illnesses: prevalence of fever 25 Childhood illnesses: medical treatment of fever 89 Childhood illnesses: medical treatment of fever in a private facility 93 Childhood illnesses: medical treatment of fever in a public facility 91 Childhood illnesses: prevalence of acute respiratory infection 29 Childhood illnesses: medical treatment of acute respiratory infection 95 Childhood illnesses: medical treatment of acute respiratory infection in a private facility 99 Childhood illnesses: medical treatment of acute respiratory infection in a public facility 97

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Childhood illnesses: prevalence of diarrhea 27 Childhood illnesses: medical treatment of diarrhea 103 Childhood illnesses: medical treatment of diarrhea in a private facility 107 Childhood illnesses: medical treatment of diarrhea in a public facility 105 Childhood illnesses: use of oral rehydration therapy to treat diarrhea 101

Circumcision: prevalence of circumcision among girls 57 Circumcision: prevalence of circumcision among women 59

Contraception: condom use by men with non-regular partner 201 Contraception: condom use by women with non-regular partner 199 Contraception: contraceptive prevalence among men 137 Contraception: contraceptive prevalence among women 135 Contraception: source of contraception in private sector among men 145 Contraception: source of contraception in private sector among women 143 Contraception: source of contraception in public sector among men 141 Contraception: source of contraception in public sector among women 139

Delivery: delivery attended by a medically-trained person 123 Delivery: delivery attended by a nurse or trained midwife 127 Delivery: delivery attended by a doctor 125 Delivery: delivery in a private facility 131 Delivery: delivery in a public facility 129 Delivery: delivery at home 133

Diarrhea: prevalence of diarrhea among children 27 Diarrhea: use of oral rehydration therapy to treat diarrhea among children 101

Domestic violence: women who ever experienced domestic violence 203 Domestic violence: women who experienced domestic violence in the past year 205 Domestic violence: women who justify domestic violence 257

Education: school completion among men 211 Education: school completion among women 209 Education: school participation among boys 215 Education: school participation among girls 213

Fertility: adolescent fertility rate 33 Fertility: total fertility rate 31

Fever: prevalence of fever among children 25 Fever: medical treatment of children’s fever 89 Fever: medical treatment of children’s fever in a private facility 93 Fever: medical treatment of children’s fever in a public facility 91

Handwashing: handwashing facilities in household 165 Handwashing: wash hands prior to preparing food 163

HIV/AIDS: attitudes toward HIV/AIDS among men 239 HIV/AIDS: attitudes toward HIV/AIDS among women 237 HIV/AIDS: knowledge about sexual transmission of HIV/AIDS among men 231 HIV/AIDS: knowledge about sexual transmission of HIV/AIDS among women 229 HIV/AIDS: knowledge about mother-to-child transmission of HIV/AIDS among men 235 HIV/AIDS: knowledge about mother-to-child transmission of HIV/AIDS among women 233 HIV/AIDS: voluntary counseling and testing of HIV/AIDS among men 157 HIV/AIDS: voluntary counseling and testing of HIV/AIDS among women 155

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Hygiene: sanitary disposal of children's stools 161 Hygiene: handwashing facilities in household 165 Hygiene: wash hands prior to preparing food 163

Immunization: BCG coverage among children 75 Immunization: measles coverage among children 77 Immunization: DPT coverage among children 79 Immunization: hepatitis B coverage among children 85 Immunization: yellow fever coverage among children 87 Immunization: full basic coverage among children 81 Immunization: no basic coverage among children 83

Infant: infant mortality rate 21

Iodized salt: availability of iodized salt in the household 181

Iron supplementation: iron supplementation in antenatal care 121

Malaria prevention: bednet ownership 167 Malaria prevention: treated bednet ownership 169 Malaria prevention: bednet use by children 171 Malaria prevention: bednet use by pregnant women 173

Malaria treatment: prophylactic antimalarial treatment in antenatal care 119

Mass media: newspaper readership among men 219 Mass media: newspaper readership among women 217 Mass media: radio listenership among men 223 Mass media: radio listenership among women 221 Mass media: television viewership among men 227 Mass media: television viewership among women 225

Medical treatment: medical treatment of children’s fever 89 Medical treatment: medical treatment of children’s fever in a private facility 93 Medical treatment: medical treatment of children’s fever in a public facility 91 Medical treatment: medical treatment of children’s acute respiratory infection (ARI) 95 Medical treatment: medical treatment of children’s ARI in a private facility 99 Medical treatment: medical treatment of children’s ARI in a public facility 97 Medical treatment: medical treatment of children’s diarrhea 103 Medical treatment: medical treatment of children’s diarrhea using oral rehydration therapy 101 Medical treatment: medical treatment of children’s diarrhea in a private facility 107 Medical treatment: medical treatment of children’s diarrhea in a public facility 105

Micronutrients: availability of iodized salt in household 181 Micronutrients: vitamin A consumption among children 183 Micronutrients: vitamin A consumption among women 185

Mortality: infant mortality rate 21 Mortality: under-five mortality rate 23

Newspaper readership: newspaper readership among men 219 Newspaper readership: newspaper readership among women 217

Nutritional status: moderate stunting among children 35 Nutritional status: severe stunting among children 37 Nutritional status: moderate underweight among children 39 Nutritional status: severe underweight among children 41 Nutritional status: mild anemia among children 43 Nutritional status: mild anemia among women 51 Nutritional status: moderate anemia among children 45

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Nutritional status: moderate anemia among women 53 Nutritional status: severe anemia among children 47 Nutritional status: severe anemia among women 55 Nutritional status: malnutrition among women 49

Occlusion: prevalence of occlusion among girls 61 Occlusion: prevalence of occlusion among women 63

Orphanhood: double orphan prevalence 263 Orphanhood: maternal orphan prevalence 261 Orphanhood: paternal orphan prevalence 259

Radio listenership: radio listenership among men 223 Radio listenership: radio listenership among women 221

Sexual partnerships: non-regular sexual partnerships among men 197 Sexual partnerships: non-regular sexual partnerships among women 195

Sexually transmitted disease: prevalence of genital discharge among men 67 Sexually transmitted disease: prevalence of genital discharge among women 65 Sexually transmitted disease: prevalence of genital ulcer among men 71 Sexually transmitted disease: prevalence of genital ulcer among women 69

Stunting: moderate stunting among children 35 Stunting: severe stunting among children 37

Television viewership: television viewership among men 227 Television viewership: television viewership among women 225

Tetanus toxoid: tetanus toxoid use in antenatal care 117

Tobacco use: tobacco use among men 189 Tobacco use: tobacco use among women 187

Total fertility rate 31

Under-five mortality rate 23

Underweight: moderate underweight among children 39 Underweight: severe underweight among children 41

Vitamin A: vitamin A consumption among children 183 Vitamin A: vitamin A consumption among women 185

Women’s decisionmaking: women who can decide how to spend own money 253 Women’s decisionmaking: women who can decide whether to have sex 255 Women’s decisionmaking: women who can make daily household purchases 245 Women’s decisionmaking: women who can make large household purchases 247 Women’s decisionmaking: women who can make meal-related decisions 249 Women’s decisionmaking: women who can seek children's health care 243 Women’s decisionmaking: women who can seek own health care 241 Women’s decisionmaking: women who can travel to visit family, relatives 251 Women’s decisionmaking: women who justify domestic violence 257

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ANNEX C. SOURCES OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

ADDITIONAL INEQUALITY DATA

World Bank HNP/Poverty Country Report Website: http://www.worldbank.org/hnp/povertyandhealth/countrydata.

This World Bank website provides the full texts and tables for all fifty-six countries covered by the HNP/Poverty Country Report Project. Also available at the site are summary tables, organized by indicator, designed to facilitate cross-country comparisons in inequality with respect to particular indicators.

DHS Country Reports: http://www.measuredhs.com/countries.

All DHS final country reports produced since 2003 include quintile-specific tabulations in approximately 50-100 of the reports’ HNP indicator tables. The tables deal with some of the indicators covered in this volume, and with many that are not.

UNICEF Multi-Indicator Cluster Survey Website: http://www.childinfo.org/MICS2/natlMICSrepz/MICSnatrep.htm.

The UNICEF Multi-Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) project is generally similar to the DHS program, but covers a somewhat different set of countries and indicators. The “standard tables” section for each country listed at the MICS website provides wealth-based, quintile-specific information in around 40-45 of the tables related to hnp, education, and child labor. In deriving these quintile-specific estimates, the MICS investigators have employed a wealth index similar to the one used here.

World Health Organization World Health Survey Website: http://www.who.int/healthinfo/survey/en/index.html.

The World Health Organization’s World Health Survey (WHS) includes such issues as self-assessed adult health status; coverage of interventions against adult chronic diseases and against maternal and child health problems; household health expenditures; insurance coverage; and health system responsiveness. Approximately seventy countries – developed as well as developing – have been covered thus far. Household wealth information has been collected and used to prepare quintile-specific estimates for many of the indicators appearing in the reports on these countries.

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METHODS AND RESOURCES FOR FURTHER INEQUALITY ANALYSIS

Shea Oscar Rutstein and Kiersten Johnson, The DHS Wealth Index, DHS Comparative Reports No. 6 (Calverton, Maryland, USA: ORC Macro, August 2004) (Available at: http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pub_details.cfm?ID =470&srchTp=type).

This DHS publication, by two of the co-authors of the current report, describes in detail the construction of the wealth index that underlies the data presented in the basic tables.

Deon Filmer and Lant H. Pritchett, “Estimating Wealth Effects without Expenditure Data – or Tears: An Application to Education Enrollments in States in India,” Demography 38, no.1 (February 2001): 115-132.

This seminal piece gave birth to the wealth index procedure used in the current volume. It also includes three of the previously-cited country case studies demonstrating the close relationship between results produced using wealth and those based on consumption as an indicator of household economic status.

Owen O’Donnell, Eddy van Doorslaer, Adam Wagstaff, and Magnus Lindelow. Quantitative Techniques for Health Equity Analysis. Washington D.C.: The World Bank, forthcoming.

Among the topics covered in this comprehensive overview of available quantitative techniques are the measurement of living standards using a wealth index and other approaches (chapter 6) and the concentration index as a measure of inequality (chapter 8).

DHS Country Data Sets: http://www.measuredhs.com/accesssurveys/search.

The data sets for all DHS surveys undertaken since 2003 include two pieces of information for each household that are designed to help investigators prepare quintile-specific tabulations for any indicator. These are: 1) the household wealth score; and 2) the economic quintile to which individuals in the household belong. Any tabulation using these pieces of information will be comparable to the figures appearing here.

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ANNEX D. ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Agbessi Amouzou was a doctoral candidate at the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health at the time of this report’s preparation. He is currently a monitoring and evaluation officer at the Elizabeth Glazer Pediatric AIDS Foundation.

Davidson R. Gwatkin is a consultant on health and poverty to the World Bank, UNICEF, and other organizations.

Kiersten Johnson is a research associate and demographer at the Demographic and Health Surveys Project, (MEASURE DHS) of Macro International Inc., which is funded in large part by the United States Agency for International Development.

Shea Rutstein is technical director of the Demographic and Health Surveys Project, (MEASURE DHS) of Macro International Inc., which is funded in large part by the United States Agency for International Development.

Eldaw Suliman was a doctoral candidate at the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health when this report was prepared. He is currently a program associate in the West Asia and North Africa Regional Office of the Population Council.

Adam Wagstaff is a lead economist (health) in the Development Research Group, Public Services Team of the World Bank.

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