Social Costs

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London’s Congestion Zone

• http://www.tfl.gov.uk/roadusers/congestioncharging/

• Hours of Operation– 7am to 6pm– Monday through Friday

• Daily Charge– £11.50 in advance ($18.80); £12 by midnight

($19.15)

Success?

London’s Congestion Zone

• No Physical Tickets• No Physical Barriers

• Signage is the only notification

Started in 2003, expanded in 2007, reduced in 2011

• An extension of the “Ring of Steel

• CC cameras take image of license plate

• Image is interpreted, them compared to a “payee” database

• If you aren’t in database, you are fined.

• Fines

• 100 per penalty to registered owner• 50 for “early pay”• 150 for late payment

London Congestion Zone

• Exemptions to the fee– Residents– Disabled– Alternative Fuel Vehicles– Most Motorcycles– 9+ Seat Vehicles– Roadside Recovery Vehicles– Electric Vehicles

Winners and Losers

• Downtown bus riders• All transit riders• Taxi riders & drivers• Motorists with high value trips• Most city-center businesses• Overall city productivity• Pedestrians and cyclists

• Motorists with marginal-value trips• City-center businesses dependent on low-cost access• Border-area residents• City-center parking revenue recipients