Sociability

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chapter 22

sociability

pierre-yves beaurepaire

In 1767 A F-Ad-Ad Pq d De la Sociabilit wm w P B. B m d fi d S d , w F Gz d R, C FNz, d g . Dmq P d w g Egm w, w g m d mg g: dm, dg m, , , g z , , d g mdg, muses, d, d d d, . I w k fi g- w mg A Rgm, w mmg Egm dd . F d mdd g md m; dm d d -; d, w, k m fld d w . E m dg, g d d gw g , d m, md , g f gd d mddg d md m.

E , d A Rgm g wd , k , d, d -m. Cm g mwk j

g qd zd . T g , d m xg d dm g d g g dd mk , m w gg. T m d dd m m d, , w d,d, d dd m w. T mm d m : dd md m. T dd jg g mkd dm k m d , k w -g d d A Rgm, w w fi

OUP UNCORRECTED PROOF FIRST-PROOF, 07/04/11, SPi

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q d , d g d d q w m dg.

Bd d g g, m gg, m w, g mg d w . T fld x d gwg , ff , md d d, m m w gz.

S d 1960, A Rgm d . Mj wk gm d d . F d 1966, M AgPnitents et francs-maons de lancienne Provence d d mg d m dg, g m, d dg m , dw ,

m, , d g mm. T dd ffi w m w wd wg dg d dgm d d w d A Rgm, m m dg. H d g ww fid w fidg 17701820, w m dg mmdd m w w m d A Rgm, figg g . Tw (g gg m mg m), wd m d dmd .T , w d m , d mk F dg . B md m w k g wk Gg Smm, dg md g,w dd d m . Sgfi, 1984, 3d d Pnitents et francs-maons, Ag dmd Smm wk d kw m dg . Y Smm d d - d . E d, Smm wd d mg , w Jg Hm N E, w k g m gzd d gd.

T D R Le Sicle des Lumires en province : Acadmies etacadmiciens provinciaux 16801789 (1978) d d LesRpublicains des lettres: Gens de culture et lumires au xviiie sicle (1988) dd

d dm . T d dm d d , gg d P k d d d-d dm, ff g mm, dg m g dg , g k d g ffi w m . D R dg dkg dd. I fid d w d - Egm F, , m dg, d -wk d Egm, w g ggm mg m.


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kg k wk Ag C socits de pense, F F Interpreting the French Revolution (g F d, 1978) d R H Les Loges maonniques dans la France dAncien Rgime: Aux originesde la sociabilit dmocratique (1984) w mg m dg mg dm w dmd d A Rgm d d wd R. B m wk Gm d g Jg Hm d xg w, Te Public Sphere g 1962 m m kg A Rgm d x , w w mm m. A d g k ff , w, d : w w w d g.T g dd fi g -

mg g . T dm , ffi , gwg m, md mg ,w dd w gd q d .M dg, g d md ,w d . Nwd, fld , g g g md dg .

Salons: Taste Fashionably Displayed

T d salon w dd , m -d m . S d mz dm w , wm Am gd salonnire, d d m . M , k B dH, w , m w ; xm Mm H w d d Cd-Ad H, x m, m, m , d m w g. S g mzd d w mm , .

Lm g,An Evening at Mme Geoffrins in 1755, m

A Rgm , g g g . B m , d - wd gd mmz mg g, w - m,News of the Republic of Letters P B, d Em m d m m g, w d g d m w m . T dfi w d w , xd m m-m d m , g: Egm , P d , g f w d -mg


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E. Y w d g d m g gd g .

B A Rgm , m m w dg E m m d , w wd kw d, d gdw w L B (la socit des princes), d wd . I kw w Mq d Lm, Mm d Dffd,M d LE, Mm Gff, Mm Nk, w m w d-, dd w w ( d d - Gmm Correspondance littraire), w k d . A - , mkd m d g m g ddw w w g m. A A L w, I w w mwd m, qg d d dm.

H g, w m , , d, d mddd d wk, d w. T d wd, kd kg, d m w d k d-m. S w , g A Rgm d d -m dd dm fi d w .

S md g P k m .W d m, g wd m.A Gd wd dmd gzd dmk m d: mmd, gf, q ,md d. S kd gd d g m Egm, d: mm d fig m wd d. I w m w m : g w d fi d dg. H wd g g mmm. I wd m m d, d m xdd. Gd d m w , d w m dmd m d d d dw m . W md d-d d w fi g g

g m Grand Sicle. T wm Gk qdgd Kaloi Kagathoi, fi d gd, w g, g ,d, d m q, d d qd, k P Bd gm . M d R mmd - Mm F 30 Ag 1768: T fi m, ;d w m, g w d-. T w ddd m g wd MLe Bourgeois Gentilhomme w d w. T fi, LR d g g m m Cm E.


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B w d V d N , w dd d . L R xd gd d g -. B d w m m wd. B mkg fi k d, N wd mmd w d d g , d dmd d q :L R w , d dd d wd.

Emdg A Rgm, P w fdd d j g , g gg wm w F- md g E, w g F m . Fm w - P V (172897), j Il Caff, m g Ad (17411816), w md C B m j P A M, . Sgfi,

mz dm d m :

T I wg: B dH, Mdm dEw I w m dAm, Mdm Nk, C d Bffl , Pg md. A w. W wd. M, g I , m w; gm , w gd m. I md q M. Mm: d, mw d w, x w (. . .) A dAm, m m g d .D d g g . I m. (27 O. 1766)

Ag g m k , d d w w d d md d m :I w d C Bffl . S wm g w, m w P d C. Adg m d. O M dMm w m md. T wm w g . B wg dg m. Ng d . I g . A m w fi d g w gd d m m g, m w g f , w w g d kw w dm. DAm m d : I Egd, w g Nw

g g g: F wd xd g.

Od d w w m Mm Gff, m Dk dO, , m , P R, d g- d , xd w , fl, d m d d, gd dg qd, k gd d d. A m w zd g mkw d gzd, d , d mm


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R . T w : m q gg dd mk q k d. F , V w Mm d Dffd: O m m wd g m . T m Pd H. Y wd kw wk k Bdmk. Mm d G d m. A m m : d d , w f w g m wk d k w .

I , g ,faux-pas d w wd: d d m m, d dd w m g; g w , Mm Gff , wd- w d w fi mmd d , fi m gz gd fi q, gg d-, d , d gd. A C C, m g

m d, , dd g m w , , mg m-g , d m m g-g wd g . Sm, wm kg w d , m fi w m: w ; dm wg, m g dmdd, m, mg -wg. W d w dd dd, Mm d Bg Mm d B. Wm w d w g d w g d d d m m-. I w f g dmd m d mg m- m, mg m, d w m m. I wkd w Mm Gff, w mm g w mk. I 1766, -d k m, P , m j Pd mg m Kg S-AgPwk, E : , w d Em-Q M T, J II, d P Kz. Bd dd, w P md w w gzd mg, m V Ww.

Academies between Tradition

and Modernization

I 1734 Dictionnaire de rvouxdfid F mg Acadmie: A d-m m d, w d mg w m m d. I w dff m Eg L g, w m m(dm) m w w U . . . B wg F w g, dff gg, m k d. A d md


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d, g d, g g g, d g d dg d g. Ad dm m md w m m ( d-mm d Sm Mz d mg m dg AV) m zd m md- wd. W k R mmg V C d d 1634 Adm dfi d F gg, d RAdm S 1666 C.

Fm d mdg dm dmd, dAm, m Adm S, w Acadmie w w Encyclopdie: T m dm g d; d w xmg w m g, w dg

g d d m d d. E w w dm, mg w d m m g.I , dm md d d A Rgm(m w-d d m) m m - d d w, , d kgdm.

d g mzd x dm mm w dd A Rgm, m dd w, m dg m d mdg. T w x xdg d mm (muses) wgzd d ffd m d wk dm, dm g d dm mm m dd m d d dff kwdg. I wd dm w dg w wd d Egm. T w w-kw d J-P M 1791 dm dModern Charlatans, or, Letters on academic charlatanismw mg g: T d w g wdm m w dg d d ; Y w -d fid gm wdm g, d m- mm m g , d g ( ). B w d k m d d C dA d dm dm g . . .

T w wg, d mg w dm dd. W w g k m m wd m , , ,d x. k V. T w- Lettres philos-ophiques d dd k F Adm. W Nw R S md dff , F d d mm: O d, m- k m kd m F Adm; d , I d; d 60 80 m


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mm. N w V kd Adm S: T RS Ld w w g m fid m , wdd . Mm Adm m m P gm m: w Ld m R S.W Egd , I like the Arts, d w S g . V, w, f j w d, w m dmg w dm mm. A d Adm PhilosophicalDictionary gzd : Adm g m-, md wk, md g gd k, w w gd jd m w, d d d d. V dd dd m dm - E dm. Ad d FAdm d A Rgm.

W d R Adm S xm gm kwdg d w d , zg x-m, kwdg, d gz fi fidg k d md . Fm 1699, 31 d w x fi d d g g ddg w - d wk w m: T Adm w xm, kg d, m w g g m H Mj. I w w w , d w d w qd d md w .

T m m dm w d. T dg otium, w wd mmm m, dd d kg m m fi, m d , dd w w neg-otium, m w m w m. M (ngociants), w wd d, w mf d w - dm, m g w d w ddd w g . T w d w d dm mm; md dg d w xd , w kw d d mg , d dm , dd d wd . Sm, w d d k-

g dm mm m dm d , g d w - d g w d. Ud ARgm dm z w gzg , d . T, g fl dm mm Dj d A Rgm, w d g fl Pd B d d m dm w m , m . T md , wg flx dmm m g, d d d gzd g E. I w


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w md g m w: dg, dm g m d m mkg.

B g dm d w , d d dm w mzg , d , d md. T md Dj g. I 1770 mgLgz d Gd ffd w x 9,000 q m - gd, , d . T Adm d, d C d Bff m g m w gm ddd : w dgd m w kg gd. T wd z: - w d 1772 d g dw fixg d d m . T -, dm d, d g

m , wd d g m g g d g g d w d d -d. O 20 J 1773, Adm w d gd,d g . T mg d, Adm,d k k. T dd, Egm d, w mk g m m dg kwdg d :

Fd d g, , w g- . T m m w g w. W m k F, d g w g

P, M, R . . . m dm d dff d g g . . . B. d m ddd g, d d ff dm, g m d g . . . d , , mdgd gg w w d m dff md, m w wd - m, d, d, g , m,m, md m . . . S gd w m , md m w md g , dg , d.

I m, muses w dm, mmdm g d , w d, d-g , g m gd Egm. T muses w d m-g d A Rgm w fid dm ffg gd ffi , w d mm, -C d wd d. T m d 1783 muse Bdx d mg d fi , fid dd, w Adm dd negotium.Muses g


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m ( m, F d d 120,000 m 64m ). B m mk w mm m jd ffi g m , d m d L XV. I d ff , d d-m m f d 1740. T m ,, d m w md g d - w w d. M , m, w - g d jd d m , d dg dw md w k S-P d F R. T m dg, f wmg x (dg d k , d m), dd , , dg mm jd m m mm- g , , x, m , gm k.

I , dg w m m w w m, m , m m d w, m gd.

I 1966, M Ag g d d m d k d m g w P d m dg, d dmd d g mg wd d g . Cmgw d cercles f R d F Em, dgg m g : z d ddz d mmm, mz w -g w (, m, d g ), z g g g C d . S g w m -d dA Rgm m w, d m m x w gd mg d. C, P , w major et sanior pars mg m, j Bd S-S dd N (gm k ) dg. B w q , dw g g. S d d wk, m- g mm w g, d dg dd dmm, fl mm w d ff w , d

m , w wd w w fi.I mgd dj m m q, mg w g , m mm.

T P w . I Ag (Cd Md), S (JN), L P -V (P Y B), d (M ), x k dd w m dg d , w g . I , w g- fi d d, mgd


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m, d k df wd dg, g gd w m, wm wmd g m d . I w mmd m m w m w d . N d mm w m: w m ,d w gzd f - d dm, w d ffi w d , d w -d d C .

Hw, xd d , w gg- m dd g d . Cf , , d d md Bd HSm ( d w Cm m m) dd kgdm, d Nmd,

w w mm d d U Nmd . E m fimd. Sm mm- dg d w m, md mm, wdg d . I w g w , d ww fid m , m dg m dg ( g dg d d ) d ,d dd g mm w wk . B k dg w m. I w m g d , w mm g w mm w k, dg wdq g k d. C, mgd , wd ( xm, Bd H Sm L H R) w g dg, k -ffi , w w g w m w m mg d w d m.

Skg m m d A Rgm, w dg w d w mzg m m g m g g .I mdd , m d g F, E,d wd gd , dg d, mm qk m . T d 6 Nm 1744

fi C dg, Pg, dg F kgdm, fl mm x. I g m ( w m m d,S J S J d S P, k dd w w d Gd Ldg F 18 M 1772, S P d S P) g dm- g m. B 1782, w m d gd w- d, C Ldg w Gd O F k d d m S S P d S P w d d w w d. T w F dg d m, gd xm m


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m . T dg w f dg, d, fid -m w , dd md m w N R w k g xm g m d . A m mm, m P dg, Am (Ud Fd) dg m g x,dg P k, fi, m m, d d-gd g, w gg g f m .I gd kg gd k, d d dg g d k m. T wd m d k Eg , ddg mg mg F, d x g, . Ad mgd g- m w gg, m ffi (logesdadoption), m , d d d. I w

x w A Rgm xd.I ddg A Rgm , Hm md, mg

g , m md w m qd g . F gg -qg g mw m d d d, d -m, g d k dff d d d , w md dmd w m dg.

Notes

1. Dmq P, Les Lumires (P, 2000 ), 419.2. M Ag, Pnitents et francs-maons de lancienne Provence: Essai sur la sociabilit

mridionale (P, 1966; 2d d., 1984).3. Gg Smm, Sociologie et pistmologie, (F . P, 1991); Sociologie: tudes sur les

formes de la socialisation (1908; F . P, 1999).4. L D-G, L S: V m d Smm LAnne

Sociologique, 43 (1993), 159188; D-G d Pk W (d.), La Sociologiede Georg Simmel(P, 2002).

5. 2 . T Hg, 1978.6. P, 1988.

7. Id. 289.8. Cahiers des Annales 40 (P, 1984).9. H M, Publique et littrature en France au xviiie sicle (P, 1984).

10. T wk, w L d O dC z Mm Gff jd d J Lg,Lm Pg U z Mdm Gff 1755 , French Studies, 45(1991), 26878, d Recherches sur Diderot et lEncyclopdie, 12 (1992), 418.

11. L B, La Socit des princes, xviexviiie sicles (P, 1999).12. Le Monde des Salons: Sociabilit et mondanit Paris au xviiie sicle (P, 2005).13. Lettres Philosophiques, xx.


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Bibliography

Ag, M, Pnitents et francs-maons de lancienne Provence: Essai sur la sociabilitmridionale (3d d., P, 1984).

B P-Y, Le Mythe de lEurope franaise au xviiie sicle: Diplomatie, culture etsociabilit au temps des Lumires (P, 2007).

Bk L W. B., Calvets Web: Enlightenment and Republic of Letters in Eighteenth-Century France,(Oxd, 2002).

F, (d.), Sociabilit et socit bourgeoise en France, en Allemagne et en Suisse,17501850: Actes du colloque de Bade-Hombourg (1983) (Gg d P, 1986).

Gdm, D, Te Republic of Letters: A Cultural History of the French Enlightenment(I, NY, 1994).

Jd, C, d V, A (d.), De la publication entre Renaissance et Lumires(P, 2002).

Hm, Jg, Te Structural ransformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into aCategory of Bourgeois Society(Cmdg, M., 1991).K, A C, DHolbachs Coterie: An Enlightenment in Paris (P, 1976).L V, A J., Id d S Eg-C E,Journal of Modern

History, 64 (1992), 79116.L, A, Le Monde des salons, sociabilit et mondanit Paris au xviiie sicle (P,

2005).MC Jm, III, Science Reorganized: Scientific Societies in the Eighteenth Century

(Nw Yk, 1985).R, D, Le Sicle des Lumires en province: Acadmies et acadmiciens provinciaux,

16801789 (2 . P d T Hg, 1979). Les Rpublicains des lettres: Gens de culture et Lumires au xviiie sicle (P, 1988).


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