Smat Materials

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WING STRUCTURE



SMART MATERIALS

• Smart materials are defined as those that change in a

controlled way when an external stimulus is applied.



TYPES OF SMART MATERIALS

• PIEZOCERAMICS

Monolithic Piezoceramics

Active Fiber Composites

Micro Fiber Composites



PIEZOCERAMICS

• Piezoelectric are a different type of smart

material with the property of transduction,

where there is a coupling between the

electrical and mechanical properties.



ACTIVE FIBER COMPOSITES



MICRO FIBER COMPOSITES





WINGS

• The particular design of a wing depends on many

factors, such as the size, weight, speed, rate of climb,

and use of the aircraft.



WINGS LAYOUT



STIFFENER

• To improve the compressive properties of carbon

composite.

• Aircraft wing spar allowing for increasing payload

due to improve compressive properties and lowerstructural weight.



HINGELESS WINGS

• Hingeless definition:

A device for holding together two parts such that one

can swing relative to the other, typically having two

interlocking metal leaves held by a pin about whichthey pivot .

A joint device or flexible piece on which a door, gate,

that moves only backwards and forwards a joint that

functions in only one plane.



TYPES OF SMART MATERIALS USED IN

HINGELESS WINGS

• NICKLE & TITANIUM indicates the nitional



NITIONAL

It consist on two shape

i) shape memory

ii) super elasticity



SHAPE MEMORY

• Shape memory is the ability of nitinol to undergo

deformation at one temperature, then recover its

original, undeformed shape upon heating above its

transformation of temperature.



SUPER ELASTICITY

• Super elasticity occurs at a narrow temperature range

just above its transformation temperature.

• In this case no heating is necessary to cause the

undeformed shape to recover, and the materialexhibits enormous elasticity, some 10-30 times that of

ordinary metal.



PROPERTY OF NITIONAL

Property

Nitinol

(martensite (M)/austenite

(A))

Stainless Steel

Melting Point (ºC) 1310 1450

Density (g/cc) 6.5 8

Electrical Resistivity (µΩ-cm) 76 (M) / 82 (A) 72

Thermal Expansion (10-6/

ºC) 6.6 (M) / 11 (A) 17.3

Thermal Conductivity (W/m-

ºC) 18 16.3

Elastic Modulus (GPa) 40 (M) / 75 (A) 193



TWINNING

Martensite's crystal structure (known as a monoclinic,

or B19' structure) has the unique ability to undergo

limited deformation in some ways without breaking

atomic bonds.



THERMAL HYSTERESIS OF NITINOL PHASE

TRANSFORMATION



THE EFFECT OF NITINOL COMPOSITION ON THE

MS TEMPERATURE



HOW DID MAKE NITIONAL

There are two primary melting methods used today:

i) Vacuum Arc Remelting

ii) Vacuum Induction Melting



ADVANTAGE

• No substantive data showing that material from one

process is better than the other.

• Other methods are also used on a boutique scale,

including plasma arc melting, induction skull melting,and e-beam melting.

• Physical vapor deposition is also used on a laboratory

scale.



APPLICATION OF SMART MATERIALS

• AIR CRAFT WINGS.

• SHIP.

•BUILDING CONSTRUCTION FOR EARTH QUACK.



APPLICATION OF NITIONAL

• Nitinol is deformed at a low temperature, and heated

to recover its original shape.

• The recovery is rigidly prevented, and thus a stress is

generated.

• Here the alloy is allowed to recover, but to do so, it

must act against a force.



LIMITATION

• Fatigue failures have been observed in the most

demanding applications.

• Nitinol releases heat at a slower pace than stainless

steel.



SCOPE OF FUTURE

• In my future, nitioal implement the ship and building

construction.



CONCULSION

• The technologies of using smart materials are useful

for both new and existing constructions.

• In using nitional is used to reduce the weight and

obtain the heavy load.• It is used to improve the efficiency.



REFERENCE

• Smart materials and Modern materials - james

playford.

• Aircraft basic construction - james yard.

• Aircraft structure

• Case study of aircraft wing manufacturing.



THAK YOU

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