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Smart Vehicular Traffic Density Analyzer--SVTDA
Presented by
ESSIEN IKANKE EDEM: ANU09140048
JOHN BAPTIST EWUSI-ANSAH: ANU09140198
LINUS ANTONIO OFORI AGYEKUM: ANU08130018
Under the supervision of
MR. ERIC SACKEY
in partial fulfillment for the award of degree
of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
\
ALL NATIONS UNIVERSITY COLLEGE
KOFORIDUA
OCTOBER, 2012 9/22/2012 1
Objectives
To solve traffic congestion which is a severe
problem in many modern cities all over the world.
Using national electricity grid as well as
generating power from solar energy to improve upon
the power efficiency.
9/22/2012 2
Existing Technologies
The list below are some existing technologies for road
traffic signaling;
Human Based Signaling.
Constant Time Based Signaling.
Centralized System.
9/22/2012 3
Block Diagram
4
M I C R O C O N T R O L L E R
RED YELLOW GREEN
RED YELLOW GREEN
RED YELLOW GREEN
RED YELLOW GREEN
IR Receiver
(4-Junctions)
IR Transmitter
(4-Junctions)
National Grid
Solar Module
Automatic Power Switching Circuit NORTH SIDE
SOUTH SIDE
EAST SIDE WEST SIDE
Power Supply
Sensing Unit
Advantages Of SVTDA System
Power Efficient.
Time Saving.
Eliminates High Traffic Density.
High Accuracy.
9/22/2012 5
Automatic Power Switching Circuit
9/22/2012 6
Transmitter & Receiver Circuit
9/22/2012 7
Control Circuit
9/22/2012 8
Numerical Analysis Automatic Power switching calculations
To calculate for resistance value R2 to enable LED1, LED forward current must be
between the range of 5 mA and 20 mA.
Where
Vs = voltage supply = 5 V
VL = LED1 Voltage = 2 V
ILED1= Current flowing through LED1 = 9 mA.
Hence
9/22/2012 9
9/22/2012 10
To also calculate for the collector current for the relay switch RL1 built around
transistor Q1, the collector current is given by
Where
IC = Collector Current
VS = Supply Voltage=5 V
VBE = Emitter Base Current = 5 V
R1 = Base Resistance =2.2 k
= Common Emitter Current Gain = 100
Continued
Ic
9/22/2012 11
To also compute the +Vref of IC2, it is given by the formula below
Where
VBATT = Battery voltage = 5 V
R5 = 220
R4 = 220
Continued
Continued
9/22/2012 12
To also compute the +Vref of IC3, it is given by the formula below
Where
VBATT = Battery Voltage = 4 V
R8 = 220
R9 = 470
Hence
Continued
9/22/2012 13
Transmitter Circuit Calculation
To calculate for the value of R1 that will limit the current flowing through the IR LED
to a relatively high value on a scale of 1 mA to 40 mA
Where
VS = Supply Voltage = 5 V
VL = LED1 Voltage = 1.63 V
IIR-LED = 33.787 mA
Hence
Continued
9/22/2012 14
Traffic Indicator Calculation
To calculate for the limiting resistance value for R1 for LED1, the LED forward
current is in the range of 5 mA and 20 mA
Where
VS = Supply Voltage = 5 V
VL = LED1 Voltage = 2 V
ITI-LED1 = Current Flowing Through LED1 = 13.5 mA
Hence
Continued
9/22/2012 15
Reset Circuit
To calculate the time taken for capacitor C3 to fully charge, the formula is given
below as;
Where
T = Time Constant
R9 = 10 k
C10 =10 F
Hence
System Specification
9/22/2012 16
Supply Power 5 V DC from National Grid & Solar
Current 1 A
Transmitter Infrared
Transmitter Frequency 38 kHz
Receiver Photodiode
Microcontroller AT89C51
Programming Tools & Software Kiel Vision 3.0, Matlab & NI Multism
Traffic Indicators Light Emitting Diodes
Architecture Of SVTDA System
9/22/2012 17
NORTH
SOUTH
WEST EAST
TX
RX
RX
TX
TX
RX
RX
TX
W I
E I N I
S I
N I North Indicator S I South Indicator E I East Indicator W I West Indicator