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THE INTER-DISPLINARY JOURNAL PUBLISHED ON THE OCCASION OF CDP PROGRAM BY CHANGYEOB LEE, FIRST YEAR MA ARCHITECTURE IN ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART.
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THE WORKING PROCESS
THE INTER-DISCIPLINARYJOURNAL 2012
SMARTMATERIALINTERFACE
PUBLISHED ON THE OCCASION OF CDP PROGRAM AT ARCHITECTURE DEPT 2012Designed & Edited by CHANGYEOB LEE_Architecture year1
with contribution from WONSEOK JEONG_Product design,John Goodbun,Kenny Kinugasa-Tudi,
Justin Lau, Chris Procter, Aran Chadwick
Innovative Encounters Between Science, Art & Design
ARCHITECTUREAS
GUIDANCEThe most effective way to ‘heal’ a stressed ecology may be to construct living
buildings._Rachel Armstrong
In modern ecology, even if the Industrial Revolution brought a number of positive social and ecological changes, the essential limitation of production flow which contributes to environment shifting hasn’t changed a lot. Particularly, buildings are still constructed through top-down, industrial, machine-manufactured processes since 19th century. And that are fundamentally static, inert, unresponsive with natu-ral environment.
Recently, with rising of the “sustainability” as primary con-cern of human being, diverse professions started to consider cross-disciplinary ways that natural living system can be applied to built environment. To be specific, beyond more conventional ‘sustainable design’ approaches, architects and scientists are working together with the convergence of na-notechnology, biology, molecular science and with living technology to find new production system which mimics na-ture’s complex geology.
If we could grow our own building like a plant, not only to play a role to meet the needs of conventional expectation as a housing also if habitats harvest resources from the living architecture like a tree, this might be one of future response as an opportunity which current construction statues in architecture industry in transforming symbiosis between synthetic ecology and nature.
As an architect, my chief interest is how we plug in affirmative radical system to our existing artificial environment which learnt from the metabolism of living life to be its very nature and may be possible for us to create architectures with positive impact on natural systems, which in turn look out for us in a very architectural way
And this could be used to challenge traditional notions of architectural production from ‘build’, consuming finite re-source to ‘grow’ as new spontaneous ecology.
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When the ‘built’ becomes the ‘born’
Acetobacer Xylinum Bacillus Pasteurii
Bacillus pasteurii, if treated right, produces calcite that can glue sand grains together (or mend concrete, for that matter); the process is referred to as microbial-induced calcite precipitation, or MICP. Treating the bacteria right requires feeding them which is where the urine comes in – urea [(NH2)2CO] can be made synthetically or from urine, and provides nutrition for the bacteria. Water is also necessary, as is calcium chloride.
Sporosarcina pasteurii formerly known as Bacillus pas-teurii from older taxonomies, is a bacterium with the abil-ity to precipitate calcite and solidify sand given a calcium source and urea, through the process of biological cemen-tation. Pasteurii has been proposed to be used as an eco-logically sound biological construction material.
Urea NH2)2CO +Bacillus Pasteurii +
CACO3 + H2O - Dolmite (CaMg(CO)3)2)
Sand SiO2 -
Sand with microbial grow-th medium
Bacillus Pasteurii cements grains of sand with cal-cium carbonate
the structure of the active site of Bacillus pasteurii
Biologically induced sandstone
To translate all of this incredible possibility to architec-tural design language, I’ve selected at two bacterias, xyli-num which produce microbial cellulose and Bacillus pas-teurii which are available at wet and marsh lands which takes pile of raw sand and create sand stone brick out of it. The chemical process produces Calcite which is a natu-ral cement that combines grains together.
Bacteria from the Acetobacter. Xylinus extrudes glucan chains from pores into the growth medium. These ag-gregate into microfibrils, which bundle to form microbial cellulose ribbons. Various kinds of sugars are used as sub-strate. Production occurs mostly at the interface of liquid and air.
Differences with plant celluloseSome advantages of microbial cellulose over plant cel-lulose include:Finer and more intricate structureNo hemicellulose or lignin to be removedLonger fiber length: much strongerCan be grown to virtually any shapeCan be produced on a variety of substratesThe formula of the media used and the strain of Aceto-bacter xylinum will determine the quality of the pellicleMore absorbent per unit volume -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_cellulose
Disadvantages for commercial useSome issues that have prevented large-scale commer-cialization so far include:High-price substrates: sugarsLow volumetric yieldsLack of large-scale production capacityTimely expansion and maintenance of the cell culture for production
SEM
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aph
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et s
truc
ture
of
mic
robi
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Texture
As this is a living organ-ism, the surface is quite elastic and fordable. The form always follows the mould and when I left this material to proper envi-ronment, this one grows spontaneously.
EnvironmentThe room temperature without strong light is the best condition to grow this material. Yeast and mushrooms were combined to accelerate growth throughout this experiment.
Growing/Layer
This goopy guy grows to Z axis through layer by layer like a stratum.
Breathing
This is breathing produc-ing bubbles on the con-tainer’s surface.
Flexible volume
This material shows flexible volume and move-ment depending on humidity
Vein structure
This one forms in-ternal vein struc-ture like a leaf throughout the metabolic process
“Great satisfaction can be gained by taking a worthless material in your hands and altering a way that gives it purpose again.” -Mark Vaarwerk-
For micro-cellulose, I’ve grown during term 1, harvested a thick layer of material after seven days.
Upon observation, finding rule for microbial metabolism like Sedimentation rule, how it breath, its proper envi-ronment, and structure of cellulose.
What started as a fashion project has now evolved into a bio-materials project – we are only just beginning to imagine what other uses there might be for this material. BioCouture,Microbial cellulose, is pioneering a new eco-friendly and sustainable alternative. -Suzzane Lee-
Important thing is, a lot of by products can be produced from this process like what trees did for us.
Medical UsesMicrobial cellulose is biocompatible and non-toxic, mak-ing it a good candidate material for medical applications. So far it has found a commercial role in some
wound dressings. There is on-going research to evaluate a possible role for bacterial cellulose in the following applica-tions.Scaffolds for tissue engineeringSynthetic dura materBladder neck suspensionSoft tissue replacementArtificial bolld vessels
MICROBIAL-CELLULOSE POLYMER
WATERGLUCOSEOXYGEN20°~25°
THE AGENCY OF NON-HUMAN
ACTORS
CITIES FUNC-TION AS COM-
PLEX METABOL-IC SYSTEMS
ADS5URBAN
METABOLIC
In recent years, the question of materiality has re-emerged as a point of serious discussion in both philosophical and ar-chitectural debate. ADS5 ex-plores what is at stake in these questions: in relation to the ecological and aesthetic chal-lenges and possibilities facing architectural practice today.The unit grounded ourselves in the complex networks of Hackney Wick/Fish Island in East London. Adjacent to the Olympic Site, Hackney Wick is a contested urban space where multiple legacy mas-ter plans, (and the develop-ers that they serve), compete with the living and working practices of existing inhabit-ants. The remaining light in-dustry has co-evolved with new communities of artists and makers who had moved into cheap empty spaces over the last decade. Non-human actors have an im-portant stake in the site too; natural marshlands, flood-plains and waterways have been continually reshaped and redefined through cen-turies of human residential and industrial occupation, resulting in a complex eco-logical condition that spans cultural and natural domains.
New materialisms and the timing of space
Rather than relying on any single dogma in thinking about the nature-culture of Hackney Wick/Fish Island, the studio discussed the pos-sibilities presented by a range of critical-philosophical ap-proaches. Urban political
ecology provided on impor-tant source of constructing architectural concepts, with the work of neo-Marxist geographers such as Er-ick Swyngedouw, Matthew Gandy and David Harvey in particular providing key insights and case studies re-garding the ways that cities function as complex meta-bolic systems which are al-ways sites of social and po-litical struggle over resources.
Such approaches were sup-plemented by recent thinkers - broadly described as ‘new materialists’ -whose work typically focuses on how non-human material systems have a complex autonomous agen-cy that shapes and co-evolves with human activity. The vari-ous intellectual legacies of Bruno Latour’s Actor-Net-work Theory provided one important set of models in this regard, while the related approaches of so-called Spec-ulative Realism or Object-Oriented Ontology suggested further methods for re-imag-ining how we conceive of the interdependent relationships. When modeling dynamic systems, time becomes as im-portant as space. The studio memorable phrase ‘a study of the timing of space’ across a range of scales. Human ecolo-gies were examined along with nonhuman circulations;
Microbial material research interface
This project explores the potential of various near fu-ture smart materials, some of which might be ‘grown’ out of the complex material geology of post-industrial area. The semi-living research interface transplanted to dystopian fabric will harvest a new nat-ural-polymer – tested here in real living prototypes – gen-erating a new and valuable resource for the local commu-nity of post-industrial makers.
Like organ transplantation, this interface would con
with processes of material production, building con-struction and use, socio-spa-tial event, and the molecular flows of the river system be-ing mapped with equal signif-icance. Our study might open up new ways to approach ‘the ecological question’ be-yond more conventional ‘sus-tainable design’ approaches.
sists of critical organ, wherenew smart material might be grown and investigated by scientists and few veins which connected with exist-ing context organ. Whole program compose with 3 main part at 2300m2 area. The core of cul-tivating,- main research build-ing located in front of hackney wick station which provide direct research program. Future smart materials could be harvested. The other parts are symbiotic intervention between exist-ing, but dead geology and new semi-living interface.
This bottom up approach questions traditional notions of architectural production as solely ‘building’, instead exploring emerging ecolo-gies of ‘growing’ as a new hy-brid architectural language. Also, this new spontaneous ecology could offer alter-natives for thinking about how we could help the lo-cal community to revive in an era of late capitalism.
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#3, P
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2006
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1 month 3 month 5 month
Calcium oxide CaO
heat water Calcium HydroxideCa(OH)2
6CO2 + 12H2O + sunlight 6O2 + 6H2O
Acetobacter xylinum Bacillus Pasteurii Calcite cement
Acetobacter xylinum structure
CH2OH
HH
H
H
O
H
OHOH
OH
Empty industrial warehouse generate Glucose through photosynthesis of algae on roof top. Algae are aquatic plants and convert carbon dioxide (CO2) into oxygen (O2) through photos- ynthesis far more e�ectively than terrestrial plants due to their simpler anatomies.
Building at the end of life would be crumbled to supply research resource and could be healed with new smart material.
The architecture has a smart material research pro-gram where new smart material might be grown out of the complex material geology of post-industrial area and investigated by scientists. The semi-living research interface transplanted to dystopian fabric will har-vest a new natural-polymer – tested here in real living prototypes – generating a new and valuable resource for the local community of post-industrial makers.Further research will explore hybrids of new smart ma-terials and materials from existing local buildings and landscape. Buildings at the end of life provide Caco3 powder, minerals, and a water purifier. Empty industrial warehouses generate glucose through algae photosyn-thesis on the gable roof top. Micro-organisms and water are gathered from Lea Canal through glass pipes which also transport harvested materials and by-products.
SMARTMATERIALRESEARCH
Building at the end of life would be crumbled to supply research resource and could be healed with new smart material.
Empty industrial warehouse generate Glucose through photosynthesis of algae on roof top. Algae are aquatic plants and convert carbon dioxide (CO2) into oxygen (O2) through photosynthesis far more effectively than terrestrial plants due to their simpler anatomies.
Gable roof top transformed to Glucose farm
Em
pty
Bui
ldin
gs
Indu
stri
al W
areh
ouse
s
1 month 3 month 5 month
Calcium oxide CaO
heat water Calcium HydroxideCa(OH)2
6CO2 + 12H2O + sunlight 6O2 + 6H2O
Acetobacter xylinum Bacillus Pasteurii Calcite cement
Acetobacter xylinum structure
CH2OH
HH
H
H
O
H
OHOH
OH
Empty industrial warehouse generate Glucose through photosynthesis of algae on roof top. Algae are aquatic plants and convert carbon dioxide (CO2) into oxygen (O2) through photos- ynthesis far more e�ectively than terrestrial plants due to their simpler anatomies.
Building at the end of life would be crumbled to supply research resource and could be healed with new smart material.
1 month 3 month 5 month
Calcium oxide CaO
heat water Calcium HydroxideCa(OH)2
6CO2 + 12H2O + sunlight 6O2 + 6H2O
Acetobacter xylinum Bacillus Pasteurii Calcite cement
Acetobacter xylinum structure
CH2OH
HH
H
H
O
H
OHOH
OH
Empty industrial warehouse generate Glucose through photosynthesis of algae on roof top. Algae are aquatic plants and convert carbon dioxide (CO2) into oxygen (O2) through photos- ynthesis far more e�ectively than terrestrial plants due to their simpler anatomies.
Building at the end of life would be crumbled to supply research resource and could be healed with new smart material.
“Humans in the developed world spend more than 90% of their lives indoors, where they breath in and come into contact with trillions of lifeforms invisible to the naked eye” In the future, the hypothesis-driven, evidence-based approach to understand the built environ-ment could lead to new kinds of buildings--ones that give us friendlier microscopic neighbors.
Jessica Green_Director of BioBE
APPLICATIONTO PROMOTE
GOOD BACTERIA
Sensors
A VARIETY OF SENSORS ARE POSITIONED ACROSS THE SURFACE AND EMBEDDED INTO THE MATERI-ALS OF THE INTERFACE TO PROVIDE WELL-CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE TO PROMOTE NON-HUMAN
BODIES, ESPECIALLY GOOD MICRO-ORGANISMS.
MICTO MOTION SENSOR
TEMPERATURE GUAGE
David Cronenberg introduced this marriage between biology and technology with the movie eXistenZ. This film’s pods embodies a perfect hybridization of manufactured object and biological organisms. Those pods allowing people to connect and penetrate into a parallel game world. These pods are created by surgeons thanks to mutant organisms. It was also interesting to observe the confrontation of the two architectonic languages used here; the structural one, a chaotic scaffolding supporting the skin/fabric and how those two elements are eventually amalgamat-ing in order to die together. Also, this membrane skin has a function of first-aid protection to keep in side of living system.
Inspired by the mollusks skeletons (e.g. starfish, octopus arm, etc.),and anatomy of game-pod , also natural livings which has feedback system with en-vironment has been researched to mimic their res-piration system & organ composition. The systhetic structure was developed based on the combination of inlucent skin_trsnslucent silicon, pneumatic pres-sure_air compressior, and organ structure which has been mimicked by a anatomy of starfish.
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Inte
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tom
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Oct
opus
A mutated amphibian derived from fertilised eggs infused with synthetic DNA lying in water before being mutilated and surgically ressembled into a game-pod. Touching the
game-pod resembles an act of kneading-Neoplasmatic Design,AD-
Inspiration & Structure
THE RESPONSIVE PROTOTYPE HAS BEEN STRUCTURED AND INSPIRED BY THE MOLLUSKS SKEL-ETONS AND ANATOMY OF GAME-POD FROM DAVID CRONBERG’S EXISTENZ.
The agency of the Nonhuman
The core part of the project, semi-living research interface needs proper environment to explore the potential of various near-future smart materials such as nature system –the temperature in a con-trolled area, feed providing and metabolic time.
Hybridized responsive soft-agency, combining atmosphere controller and investigation mem-brane which will be located on a border of urban
petri-dish in a laboratory program.
This will physically respond with decoded affec-tivity of micro-organism through quorum sensing and provides required resource and condition, especially humidity and temperature for micro-
bial material growing.
Urban petri-dish
Laboratory
The agent location
File Name:qqq2Height:76.825 mmWidth:142.950 mmDepth:148.774 mmTriangles:272152Volume:53927 mm3Surface:75606 mm2
Printed with MiniMagics,go to www.MiniMagics.com for a free copy.
Printed with Mini Magic for SLA Printing
Modeling: T-SPLINE 2.0Height: 76.825mmWidth: 142.950mmDepth: 148.774mmTriangles: 272152Volume: 53927mm3Surface : 75606mm2Spreading of mistSugar dissolvingWater tank
Air Canal_ Flex Tube
Respiratory Canal_ Flex Tube
Synthetic Skin_Translucent Silicon
Pyloric Stomach_Object Printing Bone Structure_THK.2mm Acrylic
Cardiac Stomach_SLA
Lung_Mist maker
Solenoid valve
Synthetic Skin_Translucent Silicon
Water Canal_ Flex Tube
Nervous System_Circuit Wire
Nervous System_12v Air compressor
Air Canal_ Flex Tube Inflation state_air flow
Respiratory Canal_ Flex Tube
Shrinking state_air, water flow
INTERNALANATOMY
1. Second weather_atmosphere controller
2. Respond with material growing_monitoring
3. Feed provider
Temperature↑ Humidity↓ → Trigger air compressor & mist maker by sensor → Provide mist keeping proper condition for microorganism → Temperature↓ Humidity↑
Detect a movement of microorganism → Trigger air compressor by sensor → Close solenoid velves → Inflate systhetic skin → Breathing
Tigger pump motor by time sensor → Provide sugar dissolved water to cardiac stomach
INFLATABLESTRUCTURE
Inlucent skin_silicone w/white pigment
Inlucent skin_silicone w/white pigment
Mouth_white object printing
Pyloricstomach_Translucent SLA
Rectum_Translucent SLA
Valves_solenoid valve
Lung_hacked humidifier
Bone structure_3mm acrylic
Canal_polyurethane tube
Rectum_Translucent SLA
Valves_solenoid valve
CIRCUITDIAGRAM
LINE1
MIST DEVICE
AIR COMPRESSOR
LINE2
Bacteria bank #1
Hybridized kinetic interfaceRespond with material growing_monitoring
Acetobacter xylinumBacillus Pasteurii
Atmosphere controllerFeed provider
Synthetic ecology LAB
Microbal stone production Microbal stone production#2
Building resource LABFL + 4
FL + 0
Micro-Cellulous growing petri-dish
Sterile/Dustfree zone
Direct research petri-dish
Microbal growing agents
Bacteria growth incubator
Bacillus pasteurii, if treated right, produces calcite that can glue sand grains together (or mend concrete, for that matter); the process is referred to as microbial-induced calcite precipitation, or MICP. Treating the bacteria right requires feeding them which is where the urine comes in – urea [(NH2)2CO] can be made synthetically or from urine, and provides nutrition for the bacteria. Water is also necessary, as is calcium chloride.
The beauty of staking, the general way of polymer growing is my basic methodology when it comes to arrive alive elevation by microbial bricks. Bacillus pasteurii generate di�erent coded pattern by breeding and the way of stacking follows this algorithm.
The beauty of staking, the general way of polymer growing is my basic methodology when it comes to arrive alive elevation by microbial bricks. Bacillus pasteurii generate di�erent coded pattern by breeding and the way of stacking follows this algorithm.
NH2)2CO
Main core
Ca(OH)2CaCo3
CH2OH Central storageMineral bank #1 Feed bank
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20H20
H20C6H12O6C6H12O6
C6H12O6
C6H12O6C6H12O6
C6H12O6
C6H12O6
C6H12O6
H20H20
H20H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
Absorption of water and mineral salts
Xylem Epidemis
Cambium
Phloem
Stems are structures which support buds and leaves and serve as conduits for carrying water, minerals, and sugars. The three major internal parts of a stem are the xylem, phloem, and cambium. The xylem and phloem are the major components of a plant’s vascular system. Xylem vessels conduct water and minerals, while phloem tubes conduct food.
Resource supply and production process of factory mimic plant's vascular system. Like a soil has a role of nutrient store, fertilizer for plant growing, the basement located bottom of petri-dish serve as store to keep water, minerals, micro-organism, feed and resources which are extracted from complex context geology. And stems are structure serve as conduits to carry all of these for smart material research as well as material growing.
Soil,Plant fertilizer, Section
Cross section of stem cell
Nutrient Cycling - Stable Organic Matter Fe Cu P N Co Mo Zn K
SOIL
ROOT_Absorption
SEED_Production
STEM_Nutrient �ow Water conduits
Nutrient supply
Basement_Resource bank
Organic Matter Turnover by Soil Communities
N2, N2O
N2, N2O
H2O
N2, H2O
CO2
Soil microbes breakdown organic matter & release nutrients in return for an energy source
Primary Resource Bank_Arti�cial Soil_Basement
System section
MECHANICAL INTERFACE WOULD BE LOCATED UNDER THE URBAN PETRI-DISH WHICH CONTRIBUTE TO MICROBIAL MATERIAL GROWING SUCH AS MICRO-CELLULOUS.
Primary Resource Bank_Artificial Soil_Basement
Bacteria bank #1
Hybridized kinetic interfaceRespond with material growing_monitoring
Acetobacter xylinumBacillus Pasteurii
Atmosphere controllerFeed provider
Synthetic ecology LAB
Microbal stone production Microbal stone production#2
Building resource LABFL + 4
FL + 0
Micro-Cellulous growing petri-dish
Sterile/Dustfree zone
Direct research petri-dish
Microbal growing agents
Bacteria growth incubator
Bacillus pasteurii, if treated right, produces calcite that can glue sand grains together (or mend concrete, for that matter); the process is referred to as microbial-induced calcite precipitation, or MICP. Treating the bacteria right requires feeding them which is where the urine comes in – urea [(NH2)2CO] can be made synthetically or from urine, and provides nutrition for the bacteria. Water is also necessary, as is calcium chloride.
The beauty of staking, the general way of polymer growing is my basic methodology when it comes to arrive alive elevation by microbial bricks. Bacillus pasteurii generate di�erent coded pattern by breeding and the way of stacking follows this algorithm.
The beauty of staking, the general way of polymer growing is my basic methodology when it comes to arrive alive elevation by microbial bricks. Bacillus pasteurii generate di�erent coded pattern by breeding and the way of stacking follows this algorithm.
NH2)2CO
Main core
Ca(OH)2CaCo3
CH2OH Central storageMineral bank #1 Feed bank
Bacteria bank #1
Hybridized kinetic interfaceRespond with material growing_monitoring
Acetobacter xylinumBacillus Pasteurii
Atmosphere controllerFeed provider
Synthetic ecology LAB
Microbal stone production Microbal stone production#2
Building resource LABFL + 4
FL + 0
Micro-Cellulous growing petri-dish
Sterile/Dustfree zone
Direct research petri-dish
Microbal growing agents
Bacteria growth incubator
Bacillus pasteurii, if treated right, produces calcite that can glue sand grains together (or mend concrete, for that matter); the process is referred to as microbial-induced calcite precipitation, or MICP. Treating the bacteria right requires feeding them which is where the urine comes in – urea [(NH2)2CO] can be made synthetically or from urine, and provides nutrition for the bacteria. Water is also necessary, as is calcium chloride.
The beauty of staking, the general way of polymer growing is my basic methodology when it comes to arrive alive elevation by microbial bricks. Bacillus pasteurii generate di�erent coded pattern by breeding and the way of stacking follows this algorithm.
The beauty of staking, the general way of polymer growing is my basic methodology when it comes to arrive alive elevation by microbial bricks. Bacillus pasteurii generate di�erent coded pattern by breeding and the way of stacking follows this algorithm.
NH2)2CO
Main core
Ca(OH)2CaCo3
CH2OH Central storageMineral bank #1 Feed bank
THE PROTOTYPED SOFT MACHINARY EXPLORED THE HYBRIDIZED INTERFACE BETWEEN BIOLOGY AND ARCHITECTURE WITH THE EXPANDING OF GROWING MATERIAL CULTURE. FUTURE ARCHITEC-TURE IS DETERMINED TO PROVIDE WELL-CONTROLLED ATMOHPHERE AS A SECOND NATURE ENGI-NEER BUILDINGS TO PROMOTE GOOD NONHUMAN MATTERS WHICH COULD BE USED TO CHALLENGE TRADITIONAL NOTINS OF ARCHITECTURE PRODUCTION FROM ‘BUILD’, CONSUMING FINITE RESOURCE TO ‘GROW’ AS NEW SPONTANEOUS ECOLOGY.
Primary Resource Bank_Artificial Soil_Basement
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20H20
H20C6H12O6C6H12O6
C6H12O6
C6H12O6C6H12O6
C6H12O6
C6H12O6
C6H12O6
H20H20
H20H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
Absorption of water and mineral salts
Xylem Epidemis
Cambium
Phloem
Stems are structures which support buds and leaves and serve as conduits for carrying water, minerals, and sugars. The three major internal parts of a stem are the xylem, phloem, and cambium. The xylem and phloem are the major components of a plant’s vascular system. Xylem vessels conduct water and minerals, while phloem tubes conduct food.
Resource supply and production process of factory mimic plant's vascular system. Like the soil has a role to store nutrients, fertilizer for plant growing, the basement located bottom of petri-dish serve as storage to keep water, minerals, micro-organism, feed and resources which are extracted from complex geology. And stems structure serve as conduits to carry all of these for smart material research as well as material growing.
Soil,Plant fertilizer, Section
Cross section of stem cell
Nutrient Cycling - Stable Organic Matter Fe Cu P N Co Mo Zn K
SOIL
ROOT_Absorption
SEED_Production
STEM_Nutrient �ow Water conduits
Nutrient supply
Basement_Resource bank
Organic Matter Turnover by Soil Communities
N2, N2O
N2, N2O
H2O
N2, H2O
CO2
Soil microbes breakdown organic matter & release nutrients in return for an energy source
Primary Resource Bank_Arti�cial Soil_Basement
GROWING ARCHITECTUREAS
MATERIAL PRODUCTION
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20H20
H20C6H12O6C6H12O6
C6H12O6
C6H12O6C6H12O6
C6H12O6
C6H12O6
C6H12O6
H20H20
H20H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
Absorption of water and mineral salts
Xylem Epidemis
Cambium
Phloem
Stems are structures which support buds and leaves and serve as conduits for carrying water, minerals, and sugars. The three major internal parts of a stem are the xylem, phloem, and cambium. The xylem and phloem are the major components of a plant’s vascular system. Xylem vessels conduct water and minerals, while phloem tubes conduct food.
Resource supply and production process of factory mimic plant's vascular system. Like the soil has a role to store nutrients, fertilizer for plant growing, the basement located bottom of petri-dish serve as storage to keep water, minerals, micro-organism, feed and resources which are extracted from complex geology. And stems structure serve as conduits to carry all of these for smart material research as well as material growing.
Soil,Plant fertilizer, Section
Cross section of stem cell
Nutrient Cycling - Stable Organic Matter Fe Cu P N Co Mo Zn K
SOIL
ROOT_Absorption
SEED_Production
STEM_Nutrient �ow Water conduits
Nutrient supply
Basement_Resource bank
Organic Matter Turnover by Soil Communities
N2, N2O
N2, N2O
H2O
N2, H2O
CO2
Soil microbes breakdown organic matter & release nutrients in return for an energy source
Primary Resource Bank_Arti�cial Soil_Basement
GROWING ARCHITECTUREAS
MATERIAL PRODUCTION
Bacteria, Bacillius Pasteurii
1.Concrete crusher blades2.Hydro demolition container
3. Suction wand4. Conveying tube
5.Building at the end of life6.Crushed rainforced concrete
7.Vacuum transfer system8.Hopper inlet9.Main hopper
10. Pneumatic velve11.Electric motor 12.Cyclone system
13. Mineral powders-Caco3, Mg, Fe, Ooid, Peloid,Intraclast, etc14.Mineral bank, Production catalyzer
15. Microbial stone, Dolomite brick production-Microbial factory16.Lea Navagation Canal_Micro-organism supplier
MICROBIAL BRICK PRODUCTION SYSTEM / BACILLIUS PASTEURII,SAND, CACO3, YEAST, UREA, WATER
2
4
5
32
16
7
8
9
10
11
12
5
13
14
15
16
Water/Hot water distribution pipe
Bacteria, Bacillius Pasteurii
1.Concrete crusher blades2.Hydro demolition container
3. Suction wand4. Conveying tube
5.Building at the end of life6.Crushed rainforced concrete
7.Vacuum transfer system8.Hopper inlet9.Main hopper
10. Pneumatic velve11.Electric motor 12.Cyclone system
13. Mineral powders-Caco3, Mg, Fe, Ooid, Peloid,Intraclast, etc14.Mineral bank, Production catalyzer
15. Microbial stone, Dolomite brick production-Microbial factory16.Lea Navagation Canal_Micro-organism supplier
MICROBIAL BRICK PRODUCTION SYSTEM / BACILLIUS PASTEURII,SAND, CACO3, YEAST, UREA, WATER
2
4
5
32
16
7
8
9
10
11
12
5
13
14
15
16
Water/Hot water distribution pipe
1.Harvested bio clothing by grown microbial-cellulose2.BioCouture_Suzanne Lee
3.Urban petri-dish_microbial meterials growing4.Atmosphere controller & bacteria monitoring bacteria
5.Mineral samples storage6.Pump and water tubing system
7.Bacteria culture medium8.Research bench module, 600x2800
9. Bacteria, Acetobacer Xylinum10. Sugar, Glucose farm through photosynthesis of Algae
11. Glucose - Juice - Carbon treatment - Evaporation12. Lea Navagation Canal_Micro-organism supplier
MICROBIAL CELLULOSE POLYMER GROWING SYSTEM / WATER, GLUCOSE, OXYGEN, 20~25°
Bacteria, Acetobacer Xylinum
Water/Hot water distribution pipe
Water/Hot water distribution pipe
1 2
3
4
56
10
11
12
8
9
7
1.Harvested bio clothing by grown microbial-cellulose2.BioCouture_Suzanne Lee
3.Urban petri-dish_microbial meterials growing4.Atmosphere controller & bacteria monitoring bacteria
5.Mineral samples storage6.Pump and water tubing system
7.Bacteria culture medium8.Research bench module, 600x2800
9. Bacteria, Acetobacer Xylinum10. Sugar, Glucose farm through photosynthesis of Algae
11. Glucose - Juice - Carbon treatment - Evaporation12. Lea Navagation Canal_Micro-organism supplier
MICROBIAL CELLULOSE POLYMER GROWING SYSTEM / WATER, GLUCOSE, OXYGEN, 20~25°
Bacteria, Acetobacer Xylinum
Water/Hot water distribution pipe
Water/Hot water distribution pipe
1 2
3
4
56
10
11
12
8
9
7
UNUSED MATE-RIAL CAN BE
REUSED
This is first imaginative spatial collage which represent engi-neering system with microor-ganism. A high proportion of designers can take harvested materials and contribute to
generate unexpected income without any environmen-tal effect. vitamin fruits and bio-fabric can be harvested and used as a main source of import for local community.
On the ground floor, peo-ple can enjoy drinking Kom-bu tea to keep their health through vertical straw and seven days cycle allow peo-ple to open weekend based
socio-spatial market with infinite byproducts harvested from this new semi-living in-tervention in Hackney Wick.
Socio-spatial event & productivity of micro-organism
The Elevator Gallerywww.elevatorgalley.co.ukMother Post Lane, LondonE95EN
The Wallis Gallerywww.thewallisgallery.euWallis Road London E9 5LN
The Caravan Gallerymobile galleryWhite Post Quay, MainyardLondon, E95EN
The Van GalleryMobile gallertWhite Post Quay, Main yardLondon, E95EN
The Schwartz Gallerywww.schwartxgallery.co.ukWhite Post Quay92 White Post LaneLondon, E95EN
The Top & Tail GalleryFloor above Liquid Gallery55 - 57 Wallis RoadHackney Wick, LondonE95LN
Lee
Nav
igat
ion
Can
al
100 Studio spaces
20 Studio spaces
47 Studio spaces
24 Art working spaces
48 work spaces
75 Art studio spaces
8 Art studio spaces
Some of the studio buildings house galleries, which draw visi-tors to the area; they are linked through joint shows and shared marketing. The scale and clusters of studio buildings are unique to Hackney Wick. Different buildings have very different ten-ures and so more or less stable populations. These are examples of creative practitioners composite per studio.
340 studios in Hackney wick
Material Trajectory
Hackneywick Overground
4th Day
6th Day
7th Day,
Queen’s Yard
White post LN
Public Footprint
Elevator Gallery
Harvest 5mm x 350.16㎡
Garments : 70 PShoes : 350 PKombutea : 2130 LDesigners good_Totebag : 130 PVitamin : 2000000 PVinegarJuice
The Elevator Gallerywww.elevatorgalley.co.ukMother Post Lane, LondonE95EN
The Wallis Gallerywww.thewallisgallery.euWallis Road London E9 5LN
The Caravan Gallerymobile galleryWhite Post Quay, MainyardLondon, E95EN
The Van GalleryMobile gallertWhite Post Quay, Main yardLondon, E95EN
The Schwartz Gallerywww.schwartxgallery.co.ukWhite Post Quay92 White Post LaneLondon, E95EN
The Top & Tail GalleryFloor above Liquid Gallery55 - 57 Wallis RoadHackney Wick, LondonE95LN
Lee
Nav
igat
ion
Can
al
100 Studio spaces
20 Studio spaces
47 Studio spaces
24 Art working spaces
48 work spaces
75 Art studio spaces
8 Art studio spaces
The translation of series of dichotomies in the Hackney wick into a new self-growing archi-tecture explores the delights and possibilities of sustainable system and time based market program to regenerate the post-industrial region where has the highest designer proportion per square meter in Europe. The new architecture aims to preserve the very essence of an extinct industrial tectonic language and questions the genuine self-sufficiency city in today’s society. Self assembling material such as micro-cellulose is the medium and inspiration for this new way of thinking.
340 studios in Hackney wick
NON HUMAN RE-PLUG IN LIFE TO POST INDUSTRIAL
DYSTOPIA
MATERIAL INFRASTRUC-
TURE
CONSTRUCTIONBY
MICROBIALMETABOLISM
Biogrout is a soil improvement method for civil engineering purpose to improve soil strength and stiffness of sand soils.
This method stimulates natural diagenesis from sand to sandstone with in short time instead of millions of years and being developed at Tu-delft university
BioGrout is an in situ cementation process that uses calcium carbonate or silicate crystals depending on the soil. Soil-bacterias are injected into the ground with a solution of urea and calcium, that form calcite and provoke a cementation of the sand. BioGrout is porous, this is
one of its main advantages, also it can immobilise heavy metals.
Natural Diagenesis From sand
To stone
BIO-GROUT
Biogrout is a soil improvement method for civil engineering purpose to improve soil strength and stiffness of sand soils.
This method stimulates natural diagenesis from sand to sandstone with in short time instead of millions of years and being developed at Tu-delft university
BioGrout is an in situ cementation process that uses calcium carbonate or silicate crystals depending on the soil. Soil-bacterias are injected into the ground with a solution of urea and calcium, that form calcite and provoke a cementation of the sand. BioGrout is porous, this is
one of its main advantages, also it can immobilise heavy metals.
Natural Diagenesis From sand
To stone ‘The Wave’ is a geological formation found between Arizona and Utah, in the United states. The pat-tern found in their strata comes from the layering and solidification of sand with differnet properties.
a radical means : materials and manufacturing technology inspired by nature -Damian palin-
When Bacillus Pasteurii are injected between existing sand grains, solidified mass can be achieved through microbial metabolism. The identity of final byproduct through bacteria production is dolomite which shows almost 1.5 times harder than conventional concrete.
CO(NH2)2 + 2H2O - 2NH4 + CO2
Ca2 + CO2 - CaCO3
http
://du
tcge
o.ct
.tude
lft.n
l/~le
on/2
328.
1. Bacteria are grown in- or ex situ. 2. Reagents, nutrients and bacteria are transported through the soil.3. Bacteria cause an increase of dissolved carbonate.4. In presence of e.g. dissolved calcium, carbonate minerals will precipitate and form crystals.5. The newly formed crystals change the micro-properties the soil.6. Consequently the macro-properties of the soil are changed.
http://www.geo.uu.nl/~wwwhydro/eua4x_2/van_Passen.pdf
“Additive manufacturing, to distinguish it from old-fashioned subtractive man-ufacturing, that is the shaving away or moulding blocks of raw metal to make engineered components.”
Now 3D printing is Beginning to change the Mass production model That so dominated the
20th century-BBC-
Now 3D printing is Beginning to change the Mass production model That so dominated the
20th century-BBC-
To realize double curved geometry, one of rational and efficient matter recently in-troduced by Toyo ito for his Taiwan opera house project is shotcrete. Even if it saves times and budgets, steel needs numerous steel frame structure, ex-pended metal mesh and temporary pro-tections to avoid polluting the surrounded area with this concrete. Fabric form work could be another recent matter to realize double curve but still have a limitation of shape control during concreting.
Conventional approach
Construction by
MicrobialMetabolismSprayed concrete construction method by Toyo Ito
Conventional approach Low cost freeform building
NO cementNO steel structure
NO Co2Low tolerance
Construction by
MicrobialMetabolism
PorusSand
Calciteinduced bacteria
THE PRODUCED CARBONATE IONS PRECIPITATE IN THE PRESENCE OF CALCIUM IONS AS CALCITE CRYSTALS, WHICH FORM CEMENTING BRIDGES BETWEEN THE EXISTING SAND GRAINS.
Election microprobe image of a thin section of biocemented sandstone. Calcium, carbonate (calcite) crystals have pre-cipitated between the sand grains induced by microbially catalyzed hydrolysis of urea. The sandstone remains porous.
http
://w
ww
.geo
.uu.
nl/~
ww
why
dro/
eua4
x_2/
van_
Pas
sen.
Dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2)is a metastable mineral that can be formed as a diagenetic replacement of CaCO3, All it require is permeability, a mechanism that facilitates fluid flow and a suffi-
cient supply of magnesium.Dolomite has a superior harness of 3.5-5 Mohs over calcite. Do-lomite does not react to cold, dilute hydrochloric acid and there-
fore is not as prone to dissolution as calcite.
Strength : 3.5-5Moh over calcite. Cf) Medium Concrete : 3-4
Resistence : does not react to cold, dilute acid and therefore is not as prone to dissolution as calcite.
Tension : bad like concrete
Color, Pattern : Could be changed by impurities such as copper result in the green mineral malachite. Sedimentary structure
DolomiteProperties
Printed concrete by the Loughborough team led by Dr Richard Buswell
DOLOMITE IS A CARBONATE MINERAL COMPOSED OF CALCIUM MAGNESIUM CARBONATE. THE TERM IS ALSO USED TO DESCRIBE THE SEDIMENTARY CARBONATE ROCK DOLOSTONE
Layer18 Growth-cementation media
Layer17 Bacteria media
Layer16 Couse-grade sand
Layer15 Growth-cementation media
Layer14 Bacteria media
Layer13 Medium-grade sand
Layer12 Bacteria media
Layer11 Medium-grade sand
Layer10 Growth-cementation media
Layer9 Bacteria media
Layer8 Medium-grade sand
Layer7 Bacteria media
Layer6 Medium-grade sand
Layer5 Growth-cementation media
Layer4 Bacteria media
Layer3 Couse-grade sand
Layer2 Bacteria media
Layer1 Compacted sand
Liquid material_structural inkLow viscosity and superficial tension liquid for normal nozzleBacillus Pasteurri Bacteria suspensionH2O
Solid materialSandUrea
Yeast-catalyzer
Suspension Dripping provider
Truss structured 3d printing machine
Electro-pneumatic climbing device
Micro-crystallized shell structure
Dia
gram
by
Pro
fess
or G
inge
r D
osie
r
Liquid material_structural inkLow viscosity and superficial tension liquid for normal nozzleBacillus Pasteurri Bacteria suspensionH2O
Solid materialSandUrea
Yeast-catalyzer
Suspension Dripping provider
Truss structured 3d printing machine
Electro-pneumatic climbing device
Micro-crystallized shell structure
Pixel dimension 5mm
Maximum layer thickness : 60mm
Productivity : 20cm per day(theoretical)
Overall plant dimensions : 61.5m x 29.5m
Areas of printing : 60m x 28m
Number of nozzles : 1200 at 20mm interaxis
Power consumption : 80kw peak
Pixel dimension 5mm
Maximum layer thickness : 60mm
Productivity : 20cm per day(theoretical)
Overall plant dimensions : 61.5m x 29.5m
Areas of printing : 60m x 28m
Number of nozzles : 1200 at 20mm interaxis
MICROBIALADDICTIVE
MANUFACTURED DOLOMITE
Empt
y bu
ildin
g
Indu
stria
l war
ehou
se
Mat
eria
l inf
rast
ruct
ure
Rese
arch
inte
rfac
e
340
stud
ios
in H
ackn
ey w
ick Building at the end of life provide
Caco3 powder , minerals, and wa- ter puri�er.
The semi-living research interface transplanted to Hackney wick wasteland as urban petri dish to pl- ug in life for post-industrial area.
Hackney wick shows highest concentration of creative industries per m2 in UK. Designers could take this gen- erated materaisls without any charge creating new val- ue for local community.
Empt
y bu
ildin
g #2 Building at the end of life would be
crumbled to supply research resou- rce and could be healed with new s- mart material.
Empty industrial warehouse gene- rate Glucose through photosynth- esis of algae on roof top.
Micro organisms and water are gat- hered from Lea canal through glass pipe which also transport harveste- d materials and by-products.
Self-assembledmaterial
Synthetic stone Protocell research Growing teeth Achilles Serre Works circa 1926Self-healing conrete
Other minerals : Ooids, Peloids, Intraclasts, and Extraclasts.
'The core of cultivating & research system' -settled wasteland, in front of Hackney wick station. To live and do a direct research in side of semi-living interface, proper environment like nature system is required.
Calcium oxide CaO
heat water Calcium HydroxideCa(OH)2
6CO2 + 12H2O + sunlight 6O2 + + 6H2O
This is minimum number of studios(including live & work) o�ered in HW according to 1 on 1 interview with studio managers and artists. -creative potential /report 07, 2009- Historically Lea navigation canal facillitated the transport
of critical materials such as timber, coal, and cooper which drew people to the thrived area in the late 19 century. -450-thecut-catalogue-
CH2OH
HH
H
H
O
H
OHOH
OH
Resource supplyCrumbled buildingCaco3 powder , minerals,
Resource supplyCrumbled buildingCaco3 powder , minerals,
Feed for micro-organism supplyThrough photosynthesisC6H12O6, O2
Material distribution & supplyharvested material to till Fish island using canalwater & micro-organism supply
Material supply&Marketharvested natural-polymerDesigners could take it
sugargreen tea
INGREDIENTS
brewed tea
Do not subject to direct sunlight when brewingAll utensils must be sterilized to avoid contamination
KOMBUCHA CULTURE
symbiotic cultureyeastsbacteria
CULTIVATION
Mother culture is placed in sugar and green tea solution
room temperature
FEED FOR 7DAYS
RELEASING ACIDS
organic acids glucuronic acidgluconic acidlactic acidacetic acidbutyric acidmalic acid usnic acid
Feed o� sugar
NUTRITION
SECONDARY SKIN
HARVEST SKIN
DRY BYPRODUCT
WATER PROOF
vitamins, particularly B vitamins and vitamin Camino acids, enzymes
bubblesthis is result of tapped oxygen
New skin coveringsurface fo the liquid
should avoid water notto be wrinkled
splitting the mother culture
Empt
y bu
ildin
g
Indu
stria
l war
ehou
se
Mat
eria
l inf
rast
ruct
ure
Rese
arch
inte
rfac
e
340
stud
ios
in H
ackn
ey w
ick Building at the end of life provide
Caco3 powder , minerals, and wa- ter puri�er.
The semi-living research interface transplanted to Hackney wick wasteland as urban petri dish to pl- ug in life for post-industrial area.
Hackney wick shows highest concentration of creative industries per m2 in UK. Designers could take this gen- erated materaisls without any charge creating new val- ue for local community.
Empt
y bu
ildin
g #2 Building at the end of life would be
crumbled to supply research resou- rce and could be healed with new s- mart material.
Empty industrial warehouse gene- rate Glucose through photosynth- esis of algae on roof top.
Micro organisms and water are gat- hered from Lea canal through glass pipe which also transport harveste- d materials and by-products.
Self-assembledmaterial
Synthetic stone Protocell research Growing teeth Achilles Serre Works circa 1926Self-healing conrete
Other minerals : Ooids, Peloids, Intraclasts, and Extraclasts.
'The core of cultivating & research system' -settled wasteland, in front of Hackney wick station. To live and do a direct research in side of semi-living interface, proper environment like nature system is required.
Calcium oxide CaO
heat water Calcium HydroxideCa(OH)2
6CO2 + 12H2O + sunlight 6O2 + + 6H2O
This is minimum number of studios(including live & work) o�ered in HW according to 1 on 1 interview with studio managers and artists. -creative potential /report 07, 2009- Historically Lea navigation canal facillitated the transport
of critical materials such as timber, coal, and cooper which drew people to the thrived area in the late 19 century. -450-thecut-catalogue-
CH2OH
HH
H
H
O
H
OHOH
OH
Resource supplyCrumbled buildingCaco3 powder , minerals,
Resource supplyCrumbled buildingCaco3 powder , minerals,
Feed for micro-organism supplyThrough photosynthesisC6H12O6, O2
Material distribution & supplyharvested material to till Fish island using canalwater & micro-organism supply
Material supply&Marketharvested natural-polymerDesigners could take it
sugargreen tea
INGREDIENTS
brewed tea
Do not subject to direct sunlight when brewingAll utensils must be sterilized to avoid contamination
KOMBUCHA CULTURE
symbiotic cultureyeastsbacteria
CULTIVATION
Mother culture is placed in sugar and green tea solution
room temperature
FEED FOR 7DAYS
RELEASING ACIDS
organic acids glucuronic acidgluconic acidlactic acidacetic acidbutyric acidmalic acid usnic acid
Feed o� sugar
NUTRITION
SECONDARY SKIN
HARVEST SKIN
DRY BYPRODUCT
WATER PROOF
vitamins, particularly B vitamins and vitamin Camino acids, enzymes
bubblesthis is result of tapped oxygen
New skin coveringsurface fo the liquid
should avoid water notto be wrinkled
splitting the mother culture
Gantry
Main tube : Aluminum structure 160 x 6, 20kg per meterBracing tube : Aluminum structure 80 x 3, 10kg per meter
THK.10mm STL. PLATEElectric MotorBall-bearing pillow blocks.Thomson supported railsBall screwBolt & WasherBelt
Structural ink
tension liquid. Bacillus Pasteurri Bacteria suspension
Bio-Dolomite generater
pixel dimension 5mmMaximum layer thickness : 60mmProductivity : 20cm per day(theoretical)Overall plant dimensions : 61.5m x 29.5m Areas of printing : 60m x 28m Number of nozzles : 1200 at 20mm interaxisPower consumption : 80kw peak
Magnesium digesting machine
Vacumm waster/powder collection system
Bacteria suspension supply
day75
day90
day105/ 10cm per day
Urea NH2)2CO +Bacillus Pasteurii +
Sporosarcina pasteurii is a bacterium with the ability to precipitate calcite and solidify sand given a calcium source and urea, through the process of biological cementation.
The design of a complex mechanical system like a Bio-Dolomite generater incorporates multiple aspects of mechanical engineering, from Finite Element
Analysis to digital signal processing. Here are some of the main design considerations and challenges for the project:
Control System: PID Loop with Trajectory Generation
X Axes and Y Axes:
The X and Y horizontal axes will be controlled using PID loops running on a
real-time processor. The reference fed into the PID loop will be generated
The output of the controller will be a PWM signal to the motor drives.
The Z axis is the vertical axis of suructural ink nozzle. For propersupply, the nozzle must always maintain a height from the tip to the part. The nozzle will locate itself
constant during supply, the arc voltage will be measured. Since air acts as a resistor, regulating the voltage to a set point will ensure the height is constant.
Control Hardware
A desktop PC will handle all of the non-real time tasks. It will take in G-code
(machine language) and parse the G-code into an array that the real-time processor can interpret. The real-time processor being used is a National Instruments Single
Board RIO, which also has an FPGA to control the I/O. The PWM output from the FPGA will be passed to the Advanced Motion Control
motor drives. The motor drives will be powered by unregulated power supplies.Mechanical Design: Gantry, Guide System, and Drive Design
Gantry:
The nozzle will be attached to a gantry that travels horizontally along the machine.
The nozzle mount will be capable of moving along the gantry itself, together allowing for complete freedom in two-dimensional space.
The nozzle mount will also be capable of moving vertically to allow for automatic height control. A drive shaft will pass through the gantry to allow for dual-drive with a single motor
in the X-axis.
Guides:
Supported rails will be used to guide the gantry, which will ride on ball-bearing pillow blocks. Guide rails will also be used to guide the nozzle mount motion along the gantry.
prevent binding.
CACO3 + H2O - Dolmite (CaMg(CO)3)2)
Sand SiO2 -
Gantry
Main tube : Aluminum structure 160 x 6, 20kg per meterBracing tube : Aluminum structure 80 x 3, 10kg per meter
THK.10mm STL. PLATEElectric MotorBall-bearing pillow blocks.Thomson supported railsBall screwBolt & WasherBelt
Structural ink
tension liquid. Bacillus Pasteurri Bacteria suspension
Bio-Dolomite generater
pixel dimension 5mmMaximum layer thickness : 60mmProductivity : 20cm per day(theoretical)Overall plant dimensions : 61.5m x 29.5m Areas of printing : 60m x 28m Number of nozzles : 1200 at 20mm interaxisPower consumption : 80kw peak
Magnesium digesting machine
Vacumm waster/powder collection system
Bacteria suspension supply
day75
day90
day105/ 10cm per day
Urea NH2)2CO +Bacillus Pasteurii +
Sporosarcina pasteurii is a bacterium with the ability to precipitate calcite and solidify sand given a calcium source and urea, through the process of biological cementation.
The design of a complex mechanical system like a Bio-Dolomite generater incorporates multiple aspects of mechanical engineering, from Finite Element
Analysis to digital signal processing. Here are some of the main design considerations and challenges for the project:
Control System: PID Loop with Trajectory Generation
X Axes and Y Axes:
The X and Y horizontal axes will be controlled using PID loops running on a
real-time processor. The reference fed into the PID loop will be generated
The output of the controller will be a PWM signal to the motor drives.
The Z axis is the vertical axis of suructural ink nozzle. For propersupply, the nozzle must always maintain a height from the tip to the part. The nozzle will locate itself
constant during supply, the arc voltage will be measured. Since air acts as a resistor, regulating the voltage to a set point will ensure the height is constant.
Control Hardware
A desktop PC will handle all of the non-real time tasks. It will take in G-code
(machine language) and parse the G-code into an array that the real-time processor can interpret. The real-time processor being used is a National Instruments Single
Board RIO, which also has an FPGA to control the I/O. The PWM output from the FPGA will be passed to the Advanced Motion Control
motor drives. The motor drives will be powered by unregulated power supplies.Mechanical Design: Gantry, Guide System, and Drive Design
Gantry:
The nozzle will be attached to a gantry that travels horizontally along the machine.
The nozzle mount will be capable of moving along the gantry itself, together allowing for complete freedom in two-dimensional space.
The nozzle mount will also be capable of moving vertically to allow for automatic height control. A drive shaft will pass through the gantry to allow for dual-drive with a single motor
in the X-axis.
Guides:
Supported rails will be used to guide the gantry, which will ride on ball-bearing pillow blocks. Guide rails will also be used to guide the nozzle mount motion along the gantry.
prevent binding.
CACO3 + H2O - Dolmite (CaMg(CO)3)2)
Sand SiO2 -
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20H20
H20
C6H12O6
C6H12O6
C6H12O6
C6H12O6
C6H12O6
C6H12O6
C6H12O6
C6H12O6
H20
H20H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
Public Footprint
Construction by Microbial Metabolism
Layer18 Growth-cementation media
Layer17 Bacteria media
Layer16 Couse-grade sand
Layer15 Growth-cementation media
Layer14 Bacteria media
Layer13 Medium-grade sand
Layer12 Bacteria media
Layer11 Medium-grade sand
Layer10 Growth-cementation media
Layer9 Bacteria media
Layer8 Medium-grade sand
Layer7 Bacteria media
Layer6 Medium-grade sand
Layer5 Growth-cementation media
Layer4 Bacteria media
Layer3 Couse-grade sand
Layer2 Bacteria media
Layer1 Compacted sand
Low cost freeform building
NO cement
NO steel structure
NO Co2
Low tolerance
Day1 production diagram
Bio-Dolomite generater
Low viscosity and super�cial tension liquid
Bacillus Pasteurri Bacteria suspension
H2O, Sand, Urea, Yeast-catalyzer
Suspension Dripping provider
Truss structured 3d printing machine
Electro-pneumatic climbing device
G.L +7
Local Storage#2, Main hall,
Bacteria LAB#2,3, Toilet
G.L +0
Building Resource LAB, Local Storage 59.5m2,
Teaching LAB&Library, Production Monitoring
CP 38m2, Preparation R.M, Main hall 108m2,
Subhall 60m2, Bacteria LAB#1 76.8m2
Projection R.M 45.3m2, Toilet
B.L
Mineral storage#1-3, Bacteria bank#1-3,
Direct research LAB, Microbial material exhibition
G.L +0, +3.5
Petri-dish#1~5 Micro-cellulose growing
Sterile, Dust free area, Loading bay
Hackney
wick
overg
round
Pedest
rian ra
mp
Urban
petridish
Micr
obial m
ateria
l
resea
rch L
AB
Mate
rial g
rowing
statio
n
Structural bacteria by Bi0-Grout Biogrout is a soil improvement method for civil engineering purpose to improve
soil strength and stiffness of sand soils. This method stimulates natural diagenesis from sand to sandstone with in
short time instead of millions of years and being developed at Tu-delft university.
This matter is an in situ cementation process that uses calcium carbonate or silicate crystals depending on the soil.
Soil-bacterias are injected into the ground with a solution of urea and calcium, that form calcite and provoke
a cementation of the sand.
BioGrout is porous, this is one of its main advantages, also it can immobilise heavy metals.
When Bacillus Pasteurii are injected between existing sand grains, solidi�ed mass can be achieved
through microbial metabolism. The identity of �nal byproduct through bacteria production is
dolomite which shows almost 1.5 times harder than conventional concrete.
Strength : 3.5-5Moh over calcite.
Cf) Medium Concrete : 3-4
Resistence : does not react to cold, dilute acid and
therefore is not as prone to dissolution as calcite.
Tension : bad like concrete
Color, Pattern : Could be changed by impurities such as copper
result in the green mineral malachite.
CO(NH2)2 + 2H2O - 2NH4 + CO2
Ca2 + CO2 - CaCO3
Productivity : 20cm per day(theoretical)
White post LN
Material Trajectory
Like organ transplantation, this interface would consist of critical organ, where new smart material might be grown and investigated by scientists and few veins which connected with existing context organ.
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20H20
H20
C6H12O6
C6H12O6
C6H12O6
C6H12O6
C6H12O6
C6H12O6
C6H12O6
C6H12O6
H20
H20H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
H20
Public Footprint
Construction by Microbial Metabolism
Layer18 Growth-cementation media
Layer17 Bacteria media
Layer16 Couse-grade sand
Layer15 Growth-cementation media
Layer14 Bacteria media
Layer13 Medium-grade sand
Layer12 Bacteria media
Layer11 Medium-grade sand
Layer10 Growth-cementation media
Layer9 Bacteria media
Layer8 Medium-grade sand
Layer7 Bacteria media
Layer6 Medium-grade sand
Layer5 Growth-cementation media
Layer4 Bacteria media
Layer3 Couse-grade sand
Layer2 Bacteria media
Layer1 Compacted sand
Low cost freeform building
NO cement
NO steel structure
NO Co2
Low tolerance
Day1 production diagram
Bio-Dolomite generater
Low viscosity and super�cial tension liquid
Bacillus Pasteurri Bacteria suspension
H2O, Sand, Urea, Yeast-catalyzer
Suspension Dripping provider
Truss structured 3d printing machine
Electro-pneumatic climbing device
G.L +7
Local Storage#2, Main hall,
Bacteria LAB#2,3, Toilet
G.L +0
Building Resource LAB, Local Storage 59.5m2,
Teaching LAB&Library, Production Monitoring
CP 38m2, Preparation R.M, Main hall 108m2,
Subhall 60m2, Bacteria LAB#1 76.8m2
Projection R.M 45.3m2, Toilet
B.L
Mineral storage#1-3, Bacteria bank#1-3,
Direct research LAB, Microbial material exhibition
G.L +0, +3.5
Petri-dish#1~5 Micro-cellulose growing
Sterile, Dust free area, Loading bay
Hackney
wick
overg
round
Pedest
rian ra
mp
Urban
petridish
Micr
obial m
ateria
l
resea
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AB
Mate
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statio
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Structural bacteria by Bi0-Grout Biogrout is a soil improvement method for civil engineering purpose to improve
soil strength and stiffness of sand soils. This method stimulates natural diagenesis from sand to sandstone with in
short time instead of millions of years and being developed at Tu-delft university.
This matter is an in situ cementation process that uses calcium carbonate or silicate crystals depending on the soil.
Soil-bacterias are injected into the ground with a solution of urea and calcium, that form calcite and provoke
a cementation of the sand.
BioGrout is porous, this is one of its main advantages, also it can immobilise heavy metals.
When Bacillus Pasteurii are injected between existing sand grains, solidi�ed mass can be achieved
through microbial metabolism. The identity of �nal byproduct through bacteria production is
dolomite which shows almost 1.5 times harder than conventional concrete.
Strength : 3.5-5Moh over calcite.
Cf) Medium Concrete : 3-4
Resistence : does not react to cold, dilute acid and
therefore is not as prone to dissolution as calcite.
Tension : bad like concrete
Color, Pattern : Could be changed by impurities such as copper
result in the green mineral malachite.
CO(NH2)2 + 2H2O - 2NH4 + CO2
Ca2 + CO2 - CaCO3
Productivity : 20cm per day(theoretical)
White post LN
Material Trajectory
Like organ transplantation, this interface would consist of critical organ, where new smart material might be grown and investigated by scientists and few veins which connected with existing context organ.
Building at the end of life would be crumbled to supply research resource and healed with new smart material Building at the end of life would be crumbled to supply
research resource and healed with new smart material
Production Monitoring CP38M2
Teaching LAB&Library
72.1m2
Local Storage59.5m2
Main Hall108m2
Sterile/Dustfree
PreparationR.M
Sub Hall60m2
Projection R.M45.3m2
Bacteria LAB#1
76.8m2
Loading bay
Petri-dish#2Micro-cellulose growing
Petri-dish#1Micro-cellulose growing
Building Resource LAB
OPEN
Free standing equipments
AdminResource supply#2Empty house
400m2Caco3 powder
MineralsTimber grains
Iron
Resource supply#1
Building at the end of life
531m2
Caco3 powder
Minerals
Timber grains
Iron
Resource supply#3Building at the end of life
531m2Caco3 powder
MineralsTimber grains
Iron
Hackney wickOverground station
Building at the end of life would be crumbled to supply research resource and healed with new smart material Building at the end of life would be crumbled to supply
research resource and healed with new smart material
Production Monitoring CP38M2
Teaching LAB&Library
72.1m2
Local Storage59.5m2
Main Hall108m2
Sterile/Dustfree
PreparationR.M
Sub Hall60m2
Projection R.M45.3m2
Bacteria LAB#1
76.8m2
Loading bay
Petri-dish#2Micro-cellulose growing
Petri-dish#1Micro-cellulose growing
Building Resource LAB
OPEN
Free standing equipments
AdminResource supply#2Empty house
400m2Caco3 powder
MineralsTimber grains
Iron
Resource supply#1
Building at the end of life
531m2
Caco3 powder
Minerals
Timber grains
Iron
Resource supply#3Building at the end of life
531m2Caco3 powder
MineralsTimber grains
Iron
Hackney wickOverground station
INTERFACEBLUEPRINT
Micro-organism bank_Basement of urban petri-dish
Micro-organism bank_Basement of urban petri-dish
WWW PARADISE.RCA
AC.UK“It is better to have your head in the clouds, and know where you are... than to breathe the clearer atmosphere below them, and think that you are in paradise
-Henrt David Thoreau-
PARADISE contemplates the discovery of something or somewhere more wondrous. Rallied by the desire for change and compelled by a dissatisfaction with the present, Royal College of Art students author
their own atlases of Paradise, landscaped by different paths in the quest for a better future.
Via Ventura 4, Milan 2013417 – 22 April 2012, 10am – 8pm daily.
SMART MATERIAL RESEARCH INTERFACE
CREDITS
Work designed byRCA Architectecture dept MA student Changyeob Lee
Changyeob Lee is a designer and art journalist. He has worked as an Architecture Designer and Visualiser, with 4years of experience working in South Korea, Australia and recently Heatherwick studio in London. Currently, he is based in London, continuing to pursue design challenges
through MA research at Royal college of art.
Journal edited by Changyeob Lee
Mechanical support by Wonseok Jung, RCA Design [email protected]
Thanks toJohn Goodbun,Kenny Kinugasa-Tudi,
Justin Lau, Chris Procter, Alex de Rijke, Clive sall, Aran Chadwick, Roberto Bottazzi ,Sir peter cook, Suzzane Lee, Jet panopio, Yeni Kim
THE INTER-DISCIPLINARYJOURNAL 2012
First interdisciplinary materials conference hosted by Royal college of Art
INSPRING MATTER 2012