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Jim Blackman & ML ChanQuanta Technology, LLC
Raleigh, NC 27607September 8, 2008
Smart Grid to Provide Capacity
Relief to Distribution Utilities
Page 2© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Agenda
� Introducing Quanta Services & Quanta Technology
� Smart Grid Overview
� Capacity-Relief Smart Grid Applications
� Technology architecture
� Functionalities
� Benefits
� Industry Experience
Implementation Roadmap
Discussion
Page 3© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Quanta Services
� The largest North American consulting, engineering, construction firm specialized in serving the energy and telecommunications industries
� Over 16,000 employees and $3.1 B in 2007 revenue (annualized)
� In Canada with Allteck (Vancouver) and EHV Underground (Toronto)
� T&D Primary Services:
� Consulting, Planning, Design and Engineering
� Construction and EPC Projects
� Maintenance and Testing
� Emergency Restoration
� Outsourcing
Page 4© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Quanta Services - Organization
QuantaServices
Electric & Gas� Allteck Line Contractors
� Arby Construction
� Bradford Brothers
� Dashiell
� Dillard Smith Construction
� InfraSource Underground
� Irby Construction
� MJ Electric
� Mears Group
� North Houston Pole Line
� PAR Electric
� Potelco
� Quanta Energized Services
� Quanta Government Solutions
� Quanta Technology� RA Waffensmith
� Realtime Utility Engineers
� Sumter Utilities
Wireless� Advanced Technologies
� Conti Communications
� Global Enercom
� Spectrum Construction
Telecom & Cable� Blair Park/Sunesys
� Driftwood Electrical
� Fiber Technologies
� Golden State Utility
� HL Chapman Pipeline
� Manual Brothers
� North Sky Communications
� Pauley Construction
� Professional Teleconcepts
� Spalj Construction
� Trawick Construction
� Underground Construction
� VCI Telecom
�WC Communications
Ancillary Services� Croce Electric
� Intermountain Electric
� Mears Group
� The Ryan Company
Page 5© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
� Strategic infrastructure planning and asset management
� Equipment condition, design and maintenance standards assessment
� System protection and automation
� “Smart Grid” development
� Enterprise systems integration
� Sustainable energy portfolio assessment
� Staff training
Quanta Technology’s Services
Page 6© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Quanta Technology Smart Grid Offerings
� Business Case studies
� Roadmap development
� Enterprise system design and acquisition consulting
� System acceptance testing & commissioning
� Process change analysis
� Implementation of Smart Grid applications
� Holding company, Quanta Services, provides EPC services
Page 7© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Quanta Technology Consultant Experiencein Smart Grid
� PG&E
� SCE
� Puget Sound Energy
� BGE
� ConEd
� National Grid
� Dominion Energy
� PEPCO Holding
� Benton PUD
�Duke Energy
�ComEd
�Alinta (Australia)
�CLP (Hong Kong)
�ENMAX
�BC Hydro
�Manitoba Hydro
�METC
T&D System Planning & Technology StudiesLoad Forecasting
AMI / Demand Side Management/Load ManagementSystem Automation Planning & Implementation
Enterprise IT SystemKnowledge Transfer
Page 8© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Consultant
Power
System
Planning &
Load
Forecasting
AMI and
DSM/DR/LM
System
Automation,
EMS, SCADA
& DMS
IEDs &
System
Protection
Power
Electronics
Wind,
Renewables
& DG
Enterprise
IT System
Regulatory
Assistance
Richard
Brown
X X X X
Jim
Burke
X X X
ML
Chan
X X X X X X
Johan
Enslin
X X X X X
Trevor
Hall
X X X X
Yi
Hu
X X
Farid
Katiraei
X X
Damir
Novosel
X X X X X
Edmund
Philips
X X
John Spare X X X
Hahn Tram X X X X X
Eric
Udren
X X X X X
Bob Uluski X X X X X
Lee
Willis
X X X X
Bartosz
Wojszczyk
X X X X X X
Page 9© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
What is Smart Grid?
� Smart Grid is a vision for electric utilities: Utilities and consumers will accrue values through the convergence of power delivery and information technologies
� Applied to G, T, D and customer sectors
� Not a set of shrink-wrapped solutions; the set and scope are unique to each utility, in the context of traditional capacity engineering and planning
Page 10© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Smart Grid Business Drivers: New Business Environment
SG
CARBON FOOTRPINT
RELIABILITY & QUALITY OF SUPPLYPRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT
SystemReliability
PowerQuality
RenewableResources, DGs & PHEVs
GreenhouseGases
DemandResponse
Asset Management
CustomerSatisfaction
OperationalEfficiency
Optimal Capacity Relief
Page 11© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Smart Grid leverages on enablers
� “Sensors”
� Communications Infrastructure
� Enterprise Information Integration
� Regulatory Support
� Corporate Culture: A Holistic Approach
Page 12© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Capacity Relief Smart Grid Applications
� Value – Optimal capacity to meet the load
� Optimality
� Lifecycle cost – investment and O&M
� Service reliability
� Carbon footprint
� Capacities of substation transformers, feeders, and distribution transformers (pole top & vaults)
� Realized through system planning & operations technologies
Page 13© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Smart Grid Capacity-Relief Technologies
Optimal Capacity•Sub transformers
•Feeders
•Dist. Transformers
Operational
Technologies
Planning
Technologies
•Integrated vol/var control (IVVC)
•Substation Peak Load Mgmt
•Feeder Peak Load Mgmt
•Integration with DERs (Demand Response,
PHEVs, DGs and Renewable)
•Use of AMI meter data
•Monitored load data
•Spatial Load Forecasting
Page 14© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
IVVC – How It Works
SCADA Server
Substation HostProcessor
Cap BankController
PLC
Line VoltageRegulators
Voltage RegController
Feeder Locations
Substation
IVVCApplication
DPFApplication
Page 15© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Acquire Field Data
SCADA Server
Substation HostProcessor
Cap BankController
PLC
Line VoltageRegulators
Voltage RegController
Feeder Locations
Substation
IVVCApplication
DPFApplication
Cap bank stage “A” and
“B” status
Bus voltage, tap position
Load, voltage, real and reactive power,
tap position
Feeder voltage and load, regulator tap
position
Cap bank status, feeder voltage
Page 16© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Run Powerflow Calcs
SCADA Server
Substation HostProcessor
Cap BankController
PLC
Line VoltageRegulators
Voltage RegController
Feeder Locations
Substation
IVVCApplication
DPFApplication
Real time field data
DPFResults
Page 17© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Determine Optimal Solution
SCADA Server
Substation HostProcessor
Cap BankController
PLC
Line VoltageRegulators
Voltage RegController
Feeder Locations
Substation
IVVCApplication
DPFApplication
DPFResults
Optimal switching plan for cap banks, LTC and reg
Page 18© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Execute optimal switch plan
SCADA Server
Substation HostProcessor
Cap BankController
PLC
Line VoltageRegulators
Voltage RegController
Feeder Locations
Substation
IVVCApplication
DPFApplication
Optimal switching plan
Raise/Lower Taps
Switch bank on/off
Switch bank stage A/B
on/offRaise/Lower
Taps
Page 19© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Benefits of IVVC
� Reduce line losses (energy kWh); carbon footprint benefits
� Reduce capacity needs (kW)
� Maintain satisfactory delivery voltage to customers
� Could be ~ 2% lower kWh losses; ~4% capacity reduction
Page 20© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Implementation Challenges/Opportunities
Utilities in SE USA and West Canada
Integrate DMS/SCADA system with GIS
Communications with all field devices (feeder & substations)
Can leverage AMI meters for End-of-Line voltage readings; has been a barrier for IVVC implementation
Page 21© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Feeder Peak Load Management
� Objective: Reduce peak demand on feeders/substations by periodically shifting load between connected feeders to achieve better balance
� Must have significant load diversity between feeders
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
Page 22© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Feeder Peak Load Management - Benefits
Reduction of peak demand on individual substations
� Defer capacity addition
� Reduce individual substation demand charges
Reduction of peak demand on individual feeders; could be 5%, depending on customer mix
Reduction of electrical losses
� Total losses with balanced load < Total losses with one heavily loaded feeder and one lightly loaded feeder
� Reduced kVA demand as a result
Page 23© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Substation Peak Load Management
� Similar technology solution as for Feeder Peak Load Management
� Takes advantage of load diversities among substation transformer banks
� Similar types of benefits
� Defer substation capacity
� Reduce demand charges at substations
� Benefits depend on the degree of load diversities; could be ~ 5% demand reduction
Page 24© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Feeder and Substation Peak Load Management
RR RR RR
L1
L2
L3
L4
L5 L6
L7
L8
L9
L10
L11
L12
F2
F3
F4
AS9
F10
F11
F12 S15 S56n.o. S67
B1B8 R7
SS
DistributionTransformer
T1 T2
Su
bsta
tio
n 1
Su
bsta
tio
n 2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
DMS/SCADA
System
Data concentrator Data concentrator
Communications Network
ST Load
Forecasting
Distribution Power
Flow
Substation Peak
Load Mgmt
Feeder Peak Load
Mgmt
IVVC
Page 25© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Implementation Challenges/Opportunities
Western utility in USA
Integrate DMS/SCADA system with GIS
Communications with all field devices (feeder & substations)
Lacking time-synchronized loading data for forecasting loading factors
Feeder and Substation Peak Load Management need to be coordinated
Page 26© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
SOA Bus
Application ServerApplication Server Application Server
Virtual
Data Mart
IEDs and Meters at
SubstationsLine Automation
Devices &
Metering
AMI Meters
Public Internet
Access
EMS or
DMS
Data
ConcentratorsData
Concentrators
Non-operational Data
Operationa
l Data
System Configuration for IVVC, Feeder & Substation Peak Load Management
Page 27© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Integration with Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) -Demand Response, DGs, PHEVs & Renewable
� Demand Response (DR) shifts peak load
� Direct control of end-use loads (e.g., AC, WH)
� Critical Peak Pricing/Real-Time Pricing/TOD Rates
� Renewable (wind, solar PV) & DGs with energy storage
� PHEVs as energy supply sources for customers
Page 28© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Integrating DERs
Courtesy of EPRI for source image
DistributedGeneration& Storage
PHEV
SmartEnd-UseDevices
DistributionOperations
DynamicSystemsControl
DataManagement
AdvancedMonitoring,
Communications& Control
CustomerPortal
Energy StorageAdvanced Monitoring, Communications & Control
Courtesy of EPRI for source image
DistributedGeneration& Storage
PHEV
SmartEnd-UseDevices
DistributionOperations
DynamicSystemsControl
DataManagement
AdvancedMonitoring,
Communications& Control
CustomerPortal
Energy StorageAdvanced Monitoring, Communications & Control
Page 29© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Communications Infrastructure for Integration of DERs
Home Area
Network
Meters &
Premise
Gateways
Access
Communication
AMI Config &Maintenance
AMI MgmtSystem
AMI MgmtSystem
PGPGLocal
Comm.NeighborhoodAggregation
NeighborhoodAggregationMeter Data
Mgmt SysMeter DataMgmt Sys
Monitoring,
DA, AMMonitoring
SA, DA, AM
Utility
Wide
Comm.
Bi-directional
R/T Access
DA, AM, DSM/DR
Web
Access
Back Haul
Communication
Back-Office
& Operational
Systems
External
Data Access
3rd Parties
Customers
Field Crew
Distribution Equipment
DG
T&D EquipmentSystem Ops,
Power Mgmt & DSM
Page 30© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Smart Grid Technologies for Integrating DERs
� AMI System
� AMI meters with HAN
� Zigbee for communications
� Home energy management system with smart charger system for PHEVs
� Smart appliances & smart thermostats
� Microgrid interface controller
� Customer Portal Systems for energy management
Residential / C&IFixed Networks
Residential / C&IFixed Networks
Page 31© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Benefits with DERs & Industry Experience
� DR programs
� ~ 5-10% peak load reduction
� <1% energy saving; minor reduction of carbon footprint
� Hard to forecast the end-use load shapes with high certainty
� PHEVs, DG and Renewable
� kW reduction depends on resource penetration & behavior
� Smartness of controllers
� Industry experience still limited
� Need accurate and robust load shape forecast by small areas
Page 32© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Spatial Load Forecasting
�With AMI metering
�With end-use load shape data
Page 33© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Spatial Load Forecasting Model
� Small area load forecast, taking into account neighboring area dynamics
� Top down hierarchical approach for forecasting –region, area, sub-area, sub-subarea, small area
� Bottom-up analysis to determine the curve fit for each area’s forecast
� Geo-structure data; integrated with GIS
Page 34© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Summary: Bottom-Up Analysis: Top Down Forecast
Start with Small Area Data End with Small Area Forecast
Agg
rega
te d
ata
and
Ana
lyze
Moreanalysis.Compareto system
totaletc.
Allocate to sub-
areas & sm
all area
Page 35© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Resulting Load Forecast for Each Area
� 20+ year planning horizon
� AMI meters provide excellent load database; even end-use based
� End-uses for PHEVs, rooftop PVs, DR programs, data centers
Time
MV
A
Horizon year load
Load history
A
Time
MV
A
Horizon year load
Load history
A
Page 36© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Benefits from Spatial Load Forecasting
� Reduce error margin (e.g., from about 6% to 3%); substantial capital investment savings
� Challenges
� Appropriate input data gaps
� Easy to use and properly designed tools
� Utilities begin to appreciate the value of Spatial Load Forecasting
Page 37© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Harvesting Capacity Values from AMI Systems
� AMI meter data allows for
� Transformer load management system
� More accurate loading data at various times for tighter margin load forecast
� Major capacity benefits
� Value of information
� AMI system infrastructure enables these Smart Grid capacity-related applications and other additionalones
Page 38© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
What should Ontario utilities do next?
� Conduct a Smart Grid business case study for each utility to establish a strategy
� Develop a Smart Grid roadmap
� System specification, acquisition, development management, acceptance testing and commissioning for various systems
� Field program deployment
� Training and maintenance support
� Need to be integrated with other Smart Grid applications to implement the Smart Grid solutions; open system architecture and standard communications protocol
Page 39© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.
Challenges Facing Utilities in Smart Grid
� Confusing as to what Smart Grid is about; thus having difficulty to start
� Technology-focused; not value-driven
� Need to develop a business case, and then a roadmap
� Implement by integrating with legacy equipment and systems
� Open system standard and communications protocols
� Continue to plan for “dumb” capacity projects, and to harden the systems