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Smart Grid Communications
WFCS 2016
May 3-6, 2016, Aveiro, Portugal
Agenda
● EFACEC Overview
● Smart Grids Communications
● Substation Automation System
(SAS) Communications
● Conclusions
Efacec is present in
infrastructure development main sectors…
Transmission & Distribution
Mobility& Transportation
Environment & Industry
Transformers
Servicing
Automation
Switchgear
Engineering
Environment
Transportation
Electric Mobility
Business Areas
Power Products Contracting Mobility
Markets
Portugal
Central Europe
Maghreb Angola
Brazil e Chile
Mozambique
Strategic
Planning
Communication
and
Sustainability
Human
Resources
Risk
Management
Innovation
Quality
IT
SystemsFinancial
Management
ControlAdministrative Audit Legal
Corporate Services
Efacec Organizational Model
Strategic
Marketing
Our People
≥ 22.6 M€
R&D+I activity
More than
220 employees on R&D+I
Efacec Academy
Lean Master Class
2500 Worldwide employees
Smart Grids Communications
Smart Grids practical definition
Conventional Passive Distribution Network
+Sensors and Measurements dispersed and scarce
Remotely controlled Actuators and widely dispersed
Integrated Management and Control architecture
=
Smart Grid
Wide Communications Infrastructure with Open Protocols
Distributed Intelligence and equipments with Local Algorithms
+
+
+
+
Economic Sustainability (benefits > costs)
+
8
DistributionSubstation
TransmissionSubstation
DistributionTransformer
Automation Reach
HV
DistributionTransmissionGeneration
EHV MV LV
Generation
Power Plant
User
Prosumer
Intelligence and communications
9
HV
DistributionTransmissionGeneration
EHV
DistributionSubstation
TransmissionSubstation
DistributionTransformer
MV LV
Automation Reach
Generation
Prosumer
Power Plant
User
Communication and Information System
Intelligence and communications
10
Network Elements
DistributionSubstation
TransmissionSubstation
DistributionTransformer
WAN W/LAN LAN LAN HAN
Already Smart… Now Smarter!
Consumer
HV
DistributionTransmissionGeneration
EHV MV LV
Generation User
Power Plant
WAN
DA
AMI
12
Smart Grids
Quality of Service
Operational Efficiency
Distributed Generation
Electric Vehicle
Energy Efficiency
Historical Challenges New Challenges
A smarter
distribution grid,
developed
gradually and
consistently, is
required to
answer these new
challenges
…
Smart Grids new challenges
Reference architecture
Primary Substation (PS)
HV/MV
Secondary Substation (SS)
MV/LV
Local clients
SMSM
DTC DTC
SM
LAN
Local Control(sensors,
actuators, IEDs…)
Local Equipments(sensors, actuators,
meters, home automation, …)
User interface
Consumer /Producer
Central SystemsDistribution Network
Electrical Infrastructure
Smart Grids Technical Architecture
LAN
HAN
PLC, GPRS, ZigBee, …
PLC, GPRS, ZigBee, …
GPRS, ADSL, BPL, WiMax, RF Mex…
Systems
Other (technical,
commercial)
Systems
Information Services
Systems
Network
Management
and Control
Systems
Billing and
Energy
Management
PS
SS SSDTC*
LAN
GPRS
GPRS
LAN
WAN – Wide Area NetworkLAN – Local Area NetworkHAN – Home Area Network
SM
GPRS
SSC
GPRS
IP Fibre
MVRC
MVRC
MVRC
MVRC
WAN
SSC
GPRS, ADSL, BPL, WiMax, RF Mex …
IP Fibre
SSC – Smart Substation Controller MVRC – Medium Voltage Remote Control
SM – Smart Meter EV – Electric Vehicle
CS
13
LAN
SASCommunications
Reference architecture
Primary Substation (PS)
HV/MV
Secondary Substation (SS)
MV/LV
Local clients
SMSM
DTC DTC
SM
LAN
Local Control(sensors,
actuators, IEDs…)
Local Equipments(sensors, actuators,
meters, home automation, …)
User interface
Consumer /Producer
Central SystemsDistribution Network
Electrical Infrastructure
Smart Grids Technical Architecture
LAN
HAN
PLC, GPRS, ZigBee, …
PLC, GPRS, ZigBee, …
GPRS, ADSL, BPL, WiMax, RF Mex…
Systems
Other (technical,
commercial)
Systems
Information Services
Systems
Network
Management
and Control
Systems
Billing and
Energy
Management
PS
SS SSDTC*
LAN
GPRS
GPRS
LAN
WAN – Wide Area NetworkLAN – Local Area NetworkHAN – Home Area Network
SM
GPRS
SSC
GPRS
IP Fibre
MVRC
MVRC
MVRC
MVRC
WAN
SSC
GPRS, ADSL, BPL, WiMax, RF Mex …
IP Fibre
SSC – Smart Substation Controller MVRC – Medium Voltage Remote Control
SM – Smart Meter EV – Electric Vehicle
CS
16
LAN
SAS Communications - LAN IEC 61850 - Ed.2: new characteristics
● PRP/HSR (vs RSTP and other proprietary redundancy mechanisms)● Fail recovery in 0 seconds
(“bumpless switchover”)
● IEEE 1588 PTP (vs SNTP)● Time synchronization with
precision better than 1us (vs 1ms with SNTP)
● External interfaces● GOOSE and SV over IP (IEC
61850-90-5)● Cybersecurity (IEC 62351)● Mappings to MMS, 104,
DNP and Web services
● Other characteristics● L2 protocol agnostic● Network management via IEC
61850 (besides SNMP, RMON, etc.)
Redundancy Ed.1 vs Ed.2, CIGRE
IEEE 1588, IEEE
P&C inter-SE with IEC 61850, IEC
● IEC 61588 Ed. 2.0 PTP (Precision Time Protocol)
(aka IEEE 1588 V2 or PTPv2)
● No need for 1PPS signal distribution
● Less cabling
● No need for time compensation in long distance connections
● High precision distributed time
● Ethernet Switches with IEEE1588 can provide time synchronization with a
precision better than 1 μs (transparent clock)
● Embedded self-configuration and redundancy server management
● Automatic selection of the best time server
● Needs hardware support to obtain the required precision levels
● End nodes and switches with specialized HW actively participating in the
network to minimize errors due to internal delays and network delays
● Boundary Clock: Act as a secondary time server
● Transparent Clock: The message is tagged with the residence time in each switch
SAS Communications - LAN IEC 61850 - PTP
SAS Communications - PRP andHSR
● PRP
● Parallel Redundancy Protocol
● IEC 62439-3 (2012)
● Two separate LANs, fail independent
● Source sends two copies of the message
● Receiving node process the first and discards the second
● A sequence number is used to recognize these duplicated messages
● Zero recovery time
● For one single failure
● HSR
● High-availability Seamless Redundancy
● IEC 62439-3 (2012)
● Nodes connected in a ring
● Source sends the message through both ports
● Receiving node process the first and discards the second
● A sequence number is used to recognize these duplicated messages
● Zero recovery time
● For one single failure
HSR doesn’t need network switches
• Every node is a switch
• Lower system cost
PRP has lower latency
• In HSR each node add
latency to the network
• Limits the maximum number
of nodes in the HSR ring
SAS Communications - PRP andHSR
SAS Communications - LAN IEC 61850: Process Bus
● IEC 61850-9-2 Ed.2 / IEC 61869-9
● Redundant link introduced (comparing with 61850-9-2 LE)
● PRP / HSR
● Sampled Values with a sampling frequency independent of the network frequency:
● 4.800 Hz (96 samples per cycle at 50Hz), 2 samples per packet for the class General Measuring e Protective Accuracy
● 14.400 Hz, 6 samples per packet for the class Quality Metering
● 96.000 Hz, 1 sample per packet to DC
● PTP synchronization preferred
● PPS is still possible as the only synchronization source or as a backup source
● 1us precision
Substation Automation Process Bus, ABB
Conclusions
● Smart Grid Communications
● There is no single technology that could cover in a cost effective way all areas
● The Smart Grid is enabled by a mix of communication technologies, including wireless and wired technologies
● IP is the common denominator for all the technologies used
● Substation Automation Systems
● Ethernet has become the standard fieldbus for both real-time and non real-time communications
● High precision synchronization using Ethernet is possible without the need of any additional cabling
● Process Bus will significantly reduce the amount of cables required in a substation
● Communication network design must be considered a core competence for substation automation systems, and has a huge impact on the automation system performance
