Small Wind Turbines Final

8/4/2019 Small Wind Turbines Final

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Small Wind TurbinePurchasing GuideO-grid, Residential, Farm & Small Business Applications


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Itodctio to Small Wid Tbies.3

What.is.small.wind?.3

Where.to.go.or.more.detailed.planning.inormation5

Beoe Yo By: Assessig Site-Specifc Expectatios.6Wind.resource.and.site.topography.6

Property.size,.setbacks,.and.zoning.restrictions.7

Other.considerations:.costs,.interconnection,.neighbours.7

Whe Yo By: Pchase ad Pemittig.9

Sizing.your.Turbine.9

What.other.equipment.will.you.need?.9

Purchasing.tips.10

A.word.about.sound.levels.10

Prepare.required.paperwork.11

Ate Yo By: Istallatio, Opeatio, ad Maiteace.12

Impact.o.micro-siting.on.perormance.expectations.12

Getting.help.with.installation.12

Notications.and.compliance.with.regulations.12Sae.operation.and.maintenance.requirements.13

Pemittig Checklist o Small Wid Cstomes.14

Contact.your.planning.department.or.permitting.agency.14

Review.the.applicable.standards.and.restrictions.14

Communicate.with.your.neighbours.14

Plan.your.purchase.and.installation14

Environmental.review.14

Permitting.ees.and.timetable.14

Glossay15

Woksheet Local Cotact & Deale Iomatio.16

Contents

This Gide was developed by the Pembia Istitte adeFomative Optios, LLC with dig om the CaadiaWid Eegy Associatio.

Cotibtos iclded:

Heather.Rhoads-Weaver,.eFormative.Options.LLCSusan.Savitt.Schwartz,.EditorKristin.Zarowny,.Pembina.InstituteTim.Weis,.Pembina.InstituteSean.Whittaker,.CanWEAMeg.Gluckman,.eFormative.Options.LLCMichael.French,.Southwest.Windpower

Additional.project.advisors.and.reviewers.included:Mike.Bergey,.Bergey.WindpowerDavid.Birch,.Lakeshore.Power.SystemsMatthew.Bulmer,.AerojouleBrad.Davis,.Cleaneld.Energy

Svend.de.Bruyn,.Detronics.LtdJohan.de.Leeuw,.Wind.Energy.SolutionsPeter.Forint,.Wardell.Proessional.DevelopmentTrudy.Forsyth,.National.Renewable.Energy.LaboratoryPaul.Gipe,.Wind-WorksJames.Glennie,.Wind.Energy.Institute.o.CanadaJennier.Jenkins,.Southwest.WindpowerAndy.Kruse,.Southwest.WindpowerJohn.Maissan,.Leading.Edge.ProjectsMiriam.Robbins,.Southwest.WindpowerJennier.Wilder,.Canadian.TireCharley.Ye,.BC.Hydro

The.Canadian.Wind.Energy.Association.(CanWEA).is.a.national,.not-or-prot.association.that.works.on.behal.o.our.members.to.acilitate.and.promote.the.responsible.and.sustainable.growth.o.wind.energy.in.Canada.Wind.energy.is.an.important.part.o.Canadas.energy.uture,.creating.new.investment.and.jobs.in.Canadian.

communities.while.also.contributing.to.a.cleaner.environment.or.uture.generations.Established.in.1984,.CanWEA.undertakes.policy.development.and.advocacy.with.dierent.levels.o.government,.implements.a.broad.range.o.communications.and.outreach.activities.and.provides.educational.and.networking.opportunities.or.all.stakeholders


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Small.wind.turbines..ranging.rom.mini.or.micro.battery-charging.models.under.1.kW.to.300.kW.tower-mounted.turbines..are.becoming.increasingly.accessible.through.major.retail.outlets.Consumers.inter-ested.in.the.environmental.and.economic.advantages.o.using..

wind.power.to.generate.their.own.electricity.want.to.know:.. What beefts ca I expect?..

What.benets.can.I.expect?.How.much.does.a.wind.turbine.cost,.and.what.incentives.are.available.to.help.pay.or.it?.How.much.energy.will.it.produce?.Will.I.still.need.to.purchase.electricity,.have.battery.storage.or.install.a.secondary.hybrid.solar.or.micro.hydro.system?

. Is my site appopiate o a small wid tbie?..Can.I.put.a.turbine.on.my.property?..What.siting.requirements.or.restrictions.will..I.need.to.consider?.

. Which tbie is best o me?..

What.size.turbine.do.I.need?..What.other.equipment.do.I.need.to.purchase?.

. How ca I get my tbie istallatio appoved?..Will.I.need.special.permits.or.other.approvals?..What.about.my.neighbours?

. Who ca help me istall my tbie?..What.is.involved.in.installing.a.wind.energy.system?..Can.I.do.it.mysel,.or.will.I.need.to.hire.someone?

. How ca I keep my system peomig well?..How.much.maintenance.is.required?..Do.I.need.additional.insurance?..How.long.can.I.expect.my.turbine.to.last?

For more detailed inormation about small wind turbines,

see the Canadian Wind Energy Associations small wind

webpage at:www.smallwindenergy.ca.

This.Guide.is.intended.to.answer.these.and.other.questions.It.ollows.a.basic.check-list.approach,.rom.evaluating.your.wind.resource.and.whether.your.site.is.suitable.or.a.small.wind.turbine.to.choosing.the.right.equipment,.obtaining.the.necessary.permits.and.approvals,.selecting.an.installation.contractor,.and.maintaining.and.operating.your.small.wind.turbine.saely.This.Guide.is.organized.in.three.sections:

1. Beoe Yo By:Assessig Site-Specifc Expectatios

. Wind.resource.and.site.topography

. Property.size,.setbacks,.and.zoning.restrictions

. Other.considerations.(costs,.interconnection,.neighbours)

2. Whe Yo By: Pchase ad Pemittig

. Sizing.your.turbine

. What.other.equipment.will.you.need?

. Purchasing.tips

. Preparing.documents.needed.or.permitting

3. Ate Yo By:Istallatio, Opeatio, ad Maiteace.

. Impact.o.micro-siting.on.perormance.expectations

. Getting.help.with.installation

. Notications.and.compliance.with.regulations

. Sae.operation.and.maintenance.considerations

Introduction to Small Wind Turbines

Source:wwwwindatlasca


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What is small wind?

This.guide.covers.turbines.ranging.rom.smaller.than.1000.Watts.(W).up.to.300.kilowatts.(kW).Turbine.size.is.given.in.terms.o.rated.capacity:.the.net.level.o.power.(in.Watts,.or.kilowatts).that.the.turbine.is.capable.o.delivering.under.normal.operation.The.table.below.shows.the.size.

ranges.suited.to.dierent.small.wind.applications

Table 1.Small wind applications

Maket Segmet Size Applicatios

Batterycharging/ 10-300kW institutional

*Turbines


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Where to go or more detailedplanning inormation

Buying.and.installing.a.wind.turbine.is.a.long-term.commitment.This.guide.is.intended.to:.1).inorm.your.purchase.decision.with.site-specic.

perormance.expectations;.and.2).supplement.installation.instructions.with.best.practice.siting,.saety,.and.interconnection.guidelines

CanWEAs.website.provides.a.detailed.step-by-step.planning.guide.which.includes.a.tool.or.estimating.the.ballpark.cost.o.satisying.your.electricity.needs.with.wind.energy;.detailed.inormation.on.sizing.and.siting.your.turbine;.and.listings.o.small.wind.manuacturers.and.Canadian.dealers.and.installers.This.guide.ocuses.on.the.elements.o.the.CanWEA.planning.guide.that.are.marked.with.an.asterisk.(*).below.

CanWEAs Small Wind Planning Guidewww.smallwindenergy.ca/en/SmallWindAndYou/Planning.html

Stage 1: Determining the Ballpark Cost

Given your wind resource and electricity usage, what can

you expect to pay or a wind turbine that will meet your

needs?

Stage 2: Crucial Stu to Consider

Have you reduced your electricity demand frst?

Can you put up a small wind turbine on your property?*

Will your neighbours accept having a

wind turbine near them?*

Is your property suitable or putting up a turbine ree o

obstructions?* I you need to connect your turbine to the grid, are you

allowed and able to do so?*

Stage 3: Planning the Rest

What size turbine will satisy your electrical

requirements?

How do you interace with the utility

(grid-connected only)?*

Are there any fnancial incentives to help

you pay or your turbine?

Where exactly should you put the turbine

on your property?*

What other legal and regulatory issues

will you need to address?*

What is the exact wind resource at the proposed turbine

location on your site? How can you get a better estimate

o a turbines technical and fnancial easibility?

Is there anything else you should consider

beore turbine shopping?*

How and where should you buy a turbine

and how should it be installed?*


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Beore You Buy:Assessing Site-Specifc Expectations

Wid esoce ad site topogaphy

Popety size, setbacks, ad zoig estictios

Othe cosideatios: costs, itecoectio,

eighbos

Wind.energy.oers.both.environmental.and.economic.benets:.it.is.emissions-ree.and.renewable,.and.the.uel.itsel.is.ree,.local,.and.will.never.fuctuate.in.cost.But.wind.systems.are.a.long-term.investment,.and.wind.energy.is.a.very.site-specic.resource.To.gure.out.what.benets.you.can.expect.rom.installing.a.small.wind.turbine,.you.must.rst.evaluate.your.site..assessing.the.wind.resource,.site.topography,.and.relevant.permitting.restrictions..to.determine.how.much.power..you.could.generate.

The.nancial.benets.o.a.small.wind.turbine.not.only.depends.on.how.much.electricity.you.can.produce,.but.also.on.the.relative.value.o.that.

electricity.

. O-gid:.I.you.are.looking.at.a.mini.or.other.o-grid.application,.how.much.power.will.your.application.require?.

. Gid-coected:.I.you.are.looking.at.a.system.connected.to.the.electric.grid,.the.value.o.the.power.you.generate.is.a.unction.o.how.much.you.would.otherwise.expect.to.pay.or.utility-generated.power.(Check.whether.your.utility.allows.net-metering.This.allows.your.meter.to.run.backward.when.you.produce.more.electricity.than.you.use,.eectively.allowing.you.to.store.excess.wind.power.on.the.grid.and.value.it.at.the.retail.rate).

Remember:Saving a kilowatt-hour is almost always cheaperthan producing one! Taking steps to reduce your energy use

frst will save you money and likely reduce the size o the

wind turbine you require.

Bear.in.mind.that.the.initial.cost.can.be.signicant..and.that.installing.and.connecting.your.turbine.can.cost.as.much.as.the.turbine.itsel.(see.table.2,.next.page).You.will.want.to.consider.your.objectives,.options.and.potential.obstacles.beore.investing.

Wind resource and site topography

Location,.location,.location!.The.rule.o.thumb.or.real.estate.is.also.

critical.or.evaluating.whether.wind.energy.makes.sense.or.a.particularsite,.and.what.kind.o.perormance.you.can.expect.rom.a.turbine.installation.Key.site.evaluation.actors.include:

. Wid speed..Most.small.turbines.require.a.minimum.wind.speed.o.15.km/hr.(4.m/s).or.higher.just.to.operate.In.general,annual.average.wind.speeds.o.at.least.18.km/hr.(5.m/s).are.required.or.grid-connected.applications.Note.that.an.average.annual.wind.speed.o.22.km/hr.(6.m/s).is.considered.amoderate.wind.resource,.but.the.average.wind.speed.is.not.always.the.best.indicator.o.a.sites.suitability.due.to.seasonaadvantages.and.application.considerations.Wind.maps.(such.as.wwwwindatlasca).can.give.you.an.approximate.idea.o.

whether.your.area.gets.enough.wind,.but.local.geography.mayinfuence.whether.your.site.is.better.or.worse.than.the.regionaaverage.A.10%.change.in.wind.speed.can.result.in.as.much.aa.30%.change.in.available.power,.so.you.may.want.to.monitorwind.speeds.at.the.height.and.location.o.the.specic.sites.that.seem.most.promising.

Putting a turbine on too short a tower is likeputting a solar panel in the shade.

Mike Bergey

. Miimm lad ad setback eqiemets...Even.small.turbines.need.to.be.mounted.on.a.tower,.to..capture.higher.wind.speeds.and.avoid.turbulence.rom.surrounding.topography,.trees,.and.other.natural.and.man-made.eatures.Check.the.local.zoning.code.or.minimum.property.size.and.setback.requirements.that.may.limit.your.ability.to.install.an.appropriate.tower.or.mounting.your.turbine.The.height.o.the.tower,.as.well.as.the.size.o.the.turbine.and.the.average.wind.speed,.will.determine.how..much.power.you.can.expect.to.produce.


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Property size, setbacks,and zoning restrictions

Wind.energy.installations.must.comply.with.local.building.codes,.applicable.zoning.laws.and.permitting.requirements.Check.with.

your.local.municipal.oces.or.inormation.about.requirements.and.restrictions.that.may.be.relevant.to.your.installation,.including:.minimum.lot.or.property.size,.required.setbacks.rom.property.lines.or.neighbouring.structures,.height.restrictions,.and.noise.ordinances.Find.out.ahead.o.time.what.approvals.you.may.need.(See.the.Permitting.Checklist.included.at.the.end.o.this.Guide).

. Height estictios:.The.taller.the.tower,.the.better.the.power.is.an.old.adage.rom.the.1930s,.and.it.is.no.less.true.today.The.height.o.the.turbine.tower.is.a.key.actor.determining.the.operational.eciency.o.the.turbine.because.wind.speeds.generally.increase.with.height.above.ground.(with.wind.energy.increasing.exponentially.as.a.unction.o.wind.speed),.and.because.there.should.be.sucient.clearance.between.the.lowest.tip.o.the.turbine.blade.and.any.nearby.natural.or.man-made.structure.to.minimize.local.air.turbulence.

. Zoning.restrictions.on.your.site.may.limit.the.allowable.tower.height,.requiring.you.to.seek.a.conditional.use.permit.or.variance.rom.your.city.or.county.planning.department.Local.authorities.have.the.discretion.to.issue.zoning.waivers.or.small.turbines.where.appropriate

. Setback eqiemets:.Generally,.turbines.should.be.set.back.at.least.by.the.height.o.the.tallest.point.on.the.turbine.rom.all.buildings,.electrical.lines,.roads.and.property.lines.(unless.specic.permission.is.granted.rom.your.neighbour).Specic.local.zoning.restrictions.may.include.other.setback.

requirements,.notably.or.noise.requirements..

Other considerations:costs, interconnection, neighbours

HOW MuCH WILL IT COST TO PurCHASEAnD InSTALL A WInD SYSTEM?

System.cost.is.partly.a.unction.o.size,.but.in.addition.to.the.cost.o.the.turbine,.tower.and.oundation,.your.budget.must.take.into.account.permits.and.ees,.installation.costs.(including.mechanical,.electrical,.and.civil.services),.and.maintenance.costs.For.example,.the.average.purchase.cost.o.a.10.kW.residential.turbine.is.$30,000-40,000..but.the.total.installed.cost.is.usually.double.that.amount.(see.table.2,.below)..While.a.turbines.installed.cost.per.rated.kW.is.an.important.consideration,.its.perormance.in.your.wind.regime.is.the.biggest.actor.in.the.resulting.cost.o.electricity.produced.Depending.on.your.terrain.and.soil.conditions,.a.special.oundation.design,.a.taller.than.standard.tower,.and/or.various.installation.installations.may.add.costs.Comparing.turbines.on.an.expected.price.per.kWh.basis.is.a.good.way.to.incorporate.many.o.the.variables.as.well.as.to.determine.i.you.are.being.appropriately.compensated.or.the.renewable.electricity.you.are.delivering.to.the.grid.

Building.a.system.rom.o-the-shel.components.may.appear.to.oer.savings.over.turn-key.systems,.but.there.may.be.a.trade-o.in.terms.o.eciency.losses,.and.it.is.risky.to.install.and.may.be.impossible.to.obtain.permits.and.interconnection.approval.or.equipment.(including.towers).that.has.not.been.certied.

CanWEA.has.a.Ballpark.Cost.Calculator.that.looks.up.the.wind.perormance.and.electricity.rates.or.your.postal.code.and.examines.how.our.typical.turbine.sizes.(400.W,.1.kW,.10.kW,.and.50.kW).might.

be.expected.to.perorm.in.your.area.wwwsmallwindenergyca/en/SmallWindAndYou/Planning/BallparkCosthtml

Table 2:Average Capital & Installed Costs* or Small Wind Turbines

Small Wind Typical Average Purchase Average TotalTurbine Power Cost* o Turbine Only Installed Cost*Applications Rating (per unit power) (per unit power)

Battery Upto $2,800-3,000/kW $5,000-$7,000/kW Charging 1,000W (1kW)

Residential 1kWto $3,000-4,000/kW $6,000-8,000/kW 10kW

Farm Above10kW $2,000-$2,500/kW $3,000-4,000/kW to300kW

*Costsarebasedona2004surveyoCanadianpricingestimatesandreecttheaverageoarangeoinstallationsthatmayvarydependingontechnology,locationandothersitespecifcactors.Notethatpricesbasedonmanuacturersratedpowerdonotnecessarilyprovidecomparableresultingcostsorenergyproductionatagivenwindspeed.Forup-to-datecostestimates,consultareputabledealerorchecktheCanWEAwebsite:www.

smallwindenergy.ca/en/Overview/Costs/CostComparison.html


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Incentives.can.be.ound.at.the.ederal,.provincial,.local,.or.utility.level.Consult.your.local.utility.or.check.the.CanWEA.website.or.up-to-date.inormation.about.available.incentives.

Annual.operation.and.maintenance.costs.typically.range.around.3%.o.the.initial.capital.cost.(including.installation).or.a.well-designed.and.

well-built.turbine.1

COnnECTInG TO THE GrID

Unless.you.are.planning.a.micro.turbine.application.or.an.o-grid.application,.you.will.need.to.review.the.requirements.or.connecting.your.turbine.to.the.local.utility.grid.You.should.also.contact.your.local.utility.to.nd.out.whether.they.oer.a.net.billing.or.net.metering.arrangement

LET YOur nEIGHBOurS KnOW YOur PLAnS

The.courtesy.o.inorming.neighboring.property.owners.about.your.system.installation.can.correct.misperceptions.and.avert.opposition.

to.your.project.A.letter.like.the.one.included.below.will.answer.most.questions.people.have.about.wind.turbines..how.much.sound.they.produce,.the.visual.impact,.saety.considerations,.and.potential.aects.on.wildlie.and.property.values.It.can.let.neighboring.property.owners.know.that.you.have.done.your.homework.and.are.proceeding.responsibly

Dear Neighbour,

You may be interested to learn that we plan to install a

small wind energy system on our property at [address].

This modern system will generate emission-ree renewable

electricity that will reduce use o other orms o energy.

We plan to install a [turbine make and model] that will be

mounted on a __m tower, set back ___ m rom the street

and __ m rom our [north/east/south/west] property line.

This turbine uses a [two/three] bladed rotor ___ m in diameter.

It does not turn until the wind speed reaches at least __ kph.

On calm, quiet days the turbine will not likely be audible.

When the rotor is turning, the sound o the wind passing

through will register about __ decibels (dBA) at a distance

o __ m, which will barely be audible rom neighboring

buildings over other sounds caused by the wind.

[Manuacturer] has installed [number] o [turbine make

and model] in Canada [and overseas]. They have a trackrecord o producing energy quietly, cleanly, and saely. I you

have any questions about the proposed installation, please

eel ree to contact me.

Sincerely,

.1Natural.Resources.Canada


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Sizig yo tbie

What othe eqipmet will yo eed?

Pchasig tips

A wod abot sod levels

Pepae eqied papewok

Sizing your turbineThe.size.o.the.turbine.you.require.depends.on.your.wind.resource.and.how.much.power.you.need.to.generate.Manuacturers.typically.provide.a.power.curve.or.energy.curve.indicating.the.turbines.expected.power.output.or.energy.production.at.various.wind.speeds.Note.that.power.curves.are.not.standardized.and.only.provide.an.approximation.o.how.much.electricity.a.turbine.will.generate.In.general,.the.larger.the.rotor-swept.area.(the.diameter.o.the.circle.dened.by.the.rotating.blades),.the.more.power.a.turbine.will.produce.at.a.given.wind.speed

. Multiply.your.annual.electricity.consumption.in.kilowatt-hours.(kWh).by.the.percentage.you.want.to.satisy.with.small.wind.to.determine.the.annual.kWh.you.need.the.turbine.to.satisy.

. Take.your.sites.average.annual.wind.speed.and.look.at.the.manuacturers.specications.or.each.turbine.to.get.an.idea.o.approximately.how.much.power.the.turbine.would.produce.Compare.the.generating.perormance.o.each.model.with.your.peak.power.needs.and.the.annual.electricity.you.want.the.turbine.to.generate.or.you

. Consider.the.specic.types.o.equipment.you.wish.to.power.and.your.utilitys.interconnection.requirements.What.quality.o.

AC.power.does.the.inverter.produce?.Is.it.capable.o.meeting.your.needs?.

Because.the.wind.is.a.variable.resource,.you.may.need.to.consider.secondary.power.options.O-grid.systems.typically.include.battery.storage,.but.you.may.want.to.consider.other.sources.o.generation,.such.as.a.biodiesel.generator.or.even.a.hybrid.system.combining.wind.with.solar.power.or.micro.hydro.Grid-connected.systems.give.you.the.option.o.drawing.power.rom.the.grid.as.back-up.when.your.wind.turbine.does.not.meet.your.power.needs,.allowing.owners.to.net.meter.the.turbines.production.against.on-site.usage

Figure 3. Representitive Energy Curve or 200 watt Wind Turbine

What other equipment will you need?

Small.wind.turbines.typically.consist.o:.a.2-3.bladed.rotor,.a.generator.

(DC).or.alternator.(AC).that.converts.wind.energy.into.electric.power,.thegearbox.(that.matches.the.rotor.speed.to.the.generator.speed.or.some.turbines.>.10.kW),.the.nacelle.(which.houses.the.generator,.gearbox.andother.components),.the.tail.vane,.and.the.control.and.protection.systemOther.less.common.designs.include.vertical.axis.and.multi-bladed.turbines.The.rotor.and.nacelle.should.be.mounted.on.a.tall.tower,.whichpositions.the.turbine.where.it.can.capture.the.wind.energy.and.avoid.turbulence.Finally,.there.are.balance.o.system.(BOS).components.which.may.include.batteries.and.an.inverter,.along.with.cables,.switches,.circuit.breakers,.meters,.and.other.apparatus.not.necessarily.supplied.by.the.turbine.manuacturer

Let the Buyer Beware...is sound advice when purchasing a small wind turbine.

Remember, i it seems too good to be true, it probably is!

Check the perormance track record or the turbine make

and model beore you buy, and purchase only rom an

authorized dealer.

When You Buy: Purchase and Permitting

60

50

40

30

20

10

0.8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14

.(36). (40). (44). (49). (54). (58). (63)

MonthlyEnergyOutput(kWh)

Average.Annual.Wind.Speed


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Purchasing tips

Comparison.shop.or.a.wind.system.as.you.would.or.any.major.purchase..start.by.obtaining.and.reviewing.the.product.literature.rom.several.manuacturers.Check.ratings.rom.the.North.American.Small.Wind.Certication.Council,.i.available.Here.are.some.questions.to.consider.

when.choosing.a.brand.and.model:

. Peomace tack ecod:.How.long.has.the.manuacturer.been.producing.small.wind.turbines?.How.long.has.the.make.and.model.been.on.the.market,.and.what.is.its.track.record.or.perormance.and.longevity.at.customer.installations?.Is.your.sites.average.wind.speed.well.above.the.cut-in,.or.minimum.required.or.the.turbine.to.start.generating.power?.Can.the.turbines.overspeed.protection.be.demonstrated.to.be.eective?.How.quietly.does.the.turbine.operate?

. Compoets:.Do.you.need.to.buy.the.tower,.electronics,.and.other.components.separately.or.are.they.all.included?.Are.the.wiring.and.smaller.parts.also.supplied?.Do.all.the.components.

have.UL.and.CSA.approval?.Is.there.sucient.lightning.protection?.Does.the.warranty.cover.a.reasonable.period.including.documented.repair.service.on.both.parts.and.labour,.as.well.as.crane.costs.i.needed?

. Sevices:.What.services.are.oered.with.the.turbine.(eg,.installation.assistance,.maintenance.package)?.Does.the.manuacturer.oer.any.technical.support?

. Istallatio ad Maiteace:.Is.the.turbine.suitable.or.do-it-yoursel.installation,.or.will.you.need.a.proessional.to.install.it?.(Seegetting.help.on.page.12).How.easy.will.it.be.to.get.replacement.parts.now.and.in.10-15.years?

. Docmetatio:.Can.you.browse.the.user.manual.beore.

buying?.Does.the.manual.clearly.describe.the.assembly.and.installation.procedures.or.the.unit.and.the.subsequent.operation.and.maintenance.requirements?

What the warranty really covers should beconsidered, but in our experience even a 5-yearwarranty is not a measure o a units quality.Replacing a $5 bearing ater returning the unit tothe actory alls ar short o the ull repair cost.

Svend de Bruyn

For UL certifcation the inverter must be tested tostandards to ensure saety. We recommend thisbecause utility companies have a higher degree oconfdence that their electrical line workers wontbe hurt by wind turbines.

Trudy Forsyth

CanWEAs.website.lists.35.small.wind.turbine.manuacturers.(world-wide).and.150.Canadian.dealers.and.installers.Dealers.have.to.be.authorized.by.the.manuacturer.Once.you.have.narrowed.down.your.choice.o.model,.compare.what.dierent.dealers.have.to.oer.Is.the.model.available.locally?.Is.it.popular.enough.that.you.might.be.able.to.nd.a.better.deal.on.it.rom.a.dierent.dealer?.Does.the.dealer.oer.installation.services.and.have.a.good.reputation?.Be.sure.to.ask.or..and.check..reerences.and.insurance.policies!.Inquire.with.your.localchamber.o.commerce.about.any.complaints.and.make.sure.the.companyyou.select.has.not.been.sued.or.cited.or.raudulent.business.practices

A word about sound levels

In.most.cases,.the.sounds.wind.turbines.make.when.operating.generallyblend.in.with.background.noise.rom.cars,.animals,.airplanes,.and.trees.in.windy.conditions.Within.a.ew.hundred.meters.o.a.machine,.it.may.be.possible.to.distinguish.the.swish.sound.o.its.turning.blades.and.the.whirring.o.the.generator.rom.background.noise.However,.the.actual.noise.level.depends.on.the.turbine.itsel,.the.wind.pattern.(turbulent.wind.increases.noise),.the.site.terrain.(sound.travels.arther..in.certain.terrains),.and.the.distance.to.dwellings.

Complaints.(rom.customers.or.others).about.sound.characteristics.are.rare,.but.are.usually.related.to.turbines.with.fexible.blades.and.side.urling.mechanisms.The.sound.strength.right.at.the.base.o.the.wind.turbine.(sound.power.level).varies.rom.about.75-100.dB(A),.which.at.a.distance.o.30.m.(100.t).rom.the.rotor.hub.corresponds.to.sound.pressure.levels.(perceived.sound).o.40-65.dB(A).For.comparison,..40.dB(A).is.roughly.equivalent.to.the.sound.level.in.an.average.living.room;.the.average.oce.is.about.50.dB(A),.and.a.loud.conversation.is..60.dB(A).In.a.typical.Class.3.wind.regime.with.wind.speeds.averaging.56.m/s.(125.mph),.most.commercially.available.small-scale.wind.turbines.will.produce.sound.pressure.levels.exceeding.65.dB(A).about.6%.o.the.time,.at.wind.speeds.above.11.m/s.(24.mph).

Rule-o-thumb:The mean sound pressure level valueshould not exceed 6 decibels (dBA) above background

sound, as measured at the exterior o the closest

neighbouring inhabited dwelling (or wind speeds >10 m/s).


11/1611

Sound.levels.decrease.at.a.rate.equal.to.the.square.o.the.distance..rom.the.source.A.sound.reading.taken.76.m.(25.t).rom.a.turbine..will.all.by.a.actor.o.our.at.15.m.(50.t),.by.a.actor.o.16.at..30.m.(100.t),.and.so.on.I.the.turbine.is.well.sited,.then.noise.is.not.usually.a.problem.Because.some.small.turbines.can.be.noisier.than.others,.it.is.critical.to.do.your.homework.(preerably.by.obtaining.data.

and.case.studies.rom.the.dealer.and/or.manuacturer).on.the.make..and.model.you.plan.to.install,.nd.out.what.distance.you.need.to.set.it.back.rom.nearby.buildings,.and.discuss.noise.issues.with.your.neighbours.beore.purchasing.and.installing.a.turbine.

Prepare required paperwork

Do.your.homework.Find.out.what.documentation.your.municipal.permitting.authority.and.local.utility.require.Will.you.need.to.submit.plans.rom.a.consulting.engineer?.Or.will.documentation.rom.the.turbine.manuacturer.or.dealer.suce?.At.a.minimum,.you.will.need.to.demonstrate.that.your.project.complies.with.the.applicable:

. Bildig code: The.turbine.manuacturer.should.provide.documentation.o.International.Building.Code.compliance

. Electic code:.You.will.need.a.line.drawing.showing.conormance.with.existing.electrical.codes.and.applicable.authority.(eg.Electrical.Saety.Authority.in.Ontario)

I.you.need.to.seek.a.conditional.use.permit.(CUP).or.a.waiver.rom.local.zoning.restrictions.to.accommodate.the.height.o.your.tower,.check.with.your.city.or.county.planning.department.as.to.what.documentation..they.require


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Impact o mico-sitig o peomace expectatios

Gettig help with istallatio

notifcatios ad compliace with eglatios

Sae opeatio ad maiteace cosideatios

Impact o micro-sitingon perormance expectations

Within.a.site,.the.ideal.turbine.position.is.where.wind.is.least.obstructed..oten.the.highest.point.on.the.site.At.a.minimum,.wind.turbines.should.be.elevated.high.enough.to.avoid.air.turbulence.that.places.stress.on.mechanical.components.and.compromises.turbine.perormance.(see.Rule.o.thumb.below).Manuacturers.always.recommend.elevating.the.turbine.well.above.adjacent.obstacles.

Rule o thumb:To optimize peormance, the bottom tips o theturbine blades should pass at least three (3) times above the

top o any physical barriers (trees, buildings, blus) within 90-

150 m o the wind turbine tower.

Tower-mounted.horizontal.axis.wind.turbines.(HAWTs).generally.perorm.much.better.than.vertical.axis.wind.turbines.(VAWTs),.and.account.or.the.vast.majority.o.small.wind.turbine.installations.Bear.in.mind.that.rootop.installations.can.be.dangerous,.and.in.rare.cases.where.easible.require.careul.analysis.by.expert.structural.engineer.as.to.the.impact.on.

the.buildings.structure

The three most common errors in sitinga wind turbine:

1. Too low a tower2. Too short a tower3. Tower o insufcient height

Mick Sagrillo

Figure 4.Obstruction o the Wind

Getting help with your installation

Unless.you.are.installing.a.very.small.turbine.or.are.very..

experienced.and.knowledgeable.about.the.technology,.you.should.seek.proessional.assistance.with.installing.your.turbine.CanWEA.recommends.that.you.obtain.quotes.rom.a.minimum.o.three.installersSee.CanWEAs.website.or.a.list.o.small.wind.dealers.and.installers..(wwwsmallwindenergyca/en/Resources/DealersInstallershtml)

Turbine Size Can I install it mysel?

500W-1kW Canbeinstalledandmaintanedeitherbyaknow- ledgeableownerorbyanexperiencedproessional.

>1kW Willalmostalwaysrequireproessional installationandmaintenance.

*Itisnotagoodideatomountaturbineonarooorattachittoa

buildingwithouttheadviceoacompetentstructuralengineer.

Installers.should.provide.a.warranty.on.installation.and.be.able.to.conrm.their.liability.insurance.Electrical.components.should.be.installed.or.inspected.by.a.contractor.qualied.by.the.provincial.or.territorial.electrical.authority..eg,.the.Electrical.Saety.Authority.in.Ontario.A.proessional.installer.should.be.able.to.help.with.obtaining.the.necessary.permits.and.approvals.Be.sure.to.check.prospective.

installers.experience.and.reerences.(see.Installer.evaluation.worksheeincluded.at.the.end.o.this.guide)

Notifcations and compliancewith regulations

Your.small.wind.turbine.requires.the.notication.o.and/or.approval.rom.Transport.Canada,.local.permitting.agencies,.and.(in.the.case.o.grid-connected.turbines).your.local.utility.A.proessional.installer.may.be.able.to.help.you.obtain.the.necessary.permits,.but.notication.and.compliance.with.relevant.zoning,.building.and.electrical.codes,.air.trac.saety.requirements,.and.utility.interconnection.requirements.are.ultimately.your.responsibility.

APPLY FOr PErMITS

Once.you.have.the.necessary.documentation.ready,.you.can.apply.or.a.building.permit.i.required.Processing.small.wind.turbine.permit.applications.can.take.up.to.six.weeks.or.more.rom.the.time.the.permit.and.all.required.documentation.are.led,.so.nd.out.what.you.will.need.early.on.The.Canadian.Wind.Energy.Association.(CanWEA).has.prepareda.guide.to.siting.small.wind.energy.systems.that.includes.detailed.checklists.and.additional.best.practice.guidelines.or.consumers.and.installers.This.guide.can.be.downloaded.rom.CanWEAs.website:.. wwwsmallwindenergyca/downloads/Small_Wind_Siting_Guidelinespd

Ater You Buy:Installation, Operation, and Maintenance

20 H2 H

Obstruction of the Wind by a Building

or Tree of Height (H)

02979307m

?

2 H

Region

of highlyturbulent

flow


13/161

A.note.about.ees:.CanWEA.recommends.that.small.wind.permit.ees.not.exceed.$50.I.a.particular.ee.seems.excessive.or.inappropriate.or.your.situation,.nd.out.the.basis.or.it.You.may.be.able.to.avoid.it.or.have.it.reduced.

nOTIFY ELECTrIC uTILITY (GrID-COnnECTED SYSTEMS OnLY)

Grid-connected.system.owners.will.need.to.notiy.the.local.electric.utility,.secure.an.interconnection.agreement.with.host.utility,.and.schedule.inspections.beore.interconnecting.the.turbine.with.the.grid.The.utilitys.interconnection.requirements.serve.to.ensure.the.saety.o.personnel.and.equipment.as.well.as.the.quality.o.power.being.ed.into.the.utility.grid

nOTIFY TrAnSPOrT CAnADA

Transport.Canada.requires.that.prospective.owners.accurately.provide.the.location.(latitude.and.longitude).and.height.o.all.wind.turbines.to.be.installed.so.that.they.can.be.plotted.or.aeronautical.maps.and.fight.paths.Navigation.Canada.may.then.impose.specic.markings.

and.lighting.that.must.appear.on.the.turbines.so.that.helicopters.and.airplanes.in.both.commercial.pathways.and.search.and.rescue.zones.can.visually.identiy.the.wind.turbines.

KEEP YOur nEIGHBOurS APPrISED

I.you.have.not.already.notied.your.neighbours,.this.is.a.good.time.to.do.it.Taking.steps.to.show.that.you.have.done.your.homework.and.providing.inormation.ahead.o.time.is.both.a.courtesy.and.the.best.way.to.avert.opposition

Sae operation and maintenance

requirementsA.turbine.is.much.like.a.car:.it.must.be.operated.saely,.and.requires.regular.attention.and.care.to.work.properly.But.because.it.is.mounted..on.a.tall.tower,.reliability.should.be.a.prime.consideration.

MAInTEnAnCE

Minor.maintenance.is.usually.done.on.a.quarterly.basis.or.twice.a.year,.and.some.maintenance.required.annually.Typical.annual.maintenance.includes:.

. Checking.and.tightening.bolts.and.electrical.connections.

. Checking.oil.levels.i.applicable

. Checking.all.components.or.corrosion.

. Checking.guy.wires.or.proper.tension.

. Checking.gear.backlash.and.blade.pitch.settings.i.applicable

. Checking.or.and.replacing.worn.edge.tape.on.the.leading.edges.o.the.blades,.i.appropriate

Are you willing to check the oil and keep up the

wind turbines maintenance as required? I not,

dont install one!

- David Birch

While.smaller.machines.need.very.little.intervention.during.operation.and.very.minimal.maintenance.until.replacement,.wind.expert.Paul.Gipecautions.that.small.turbines.seldom.last.as.long.or.are.as.trouble-ree.asadvertised.More.complex.designs.and.larger.machines.require.regular.maintenance.and.a.major.component.replacement.ater.10-15.years.

O-grid.systems.with.batteries.require:.

. Keeping.the.batteries.within.operating.temperature.ranges.

. Ensuring.charge.and.discharge.rates.are.not.exceeded.

. Using.correct.switches,.uses.and.circuit.breakers.to.help.ensure.sae.operation.

. Maintaining.unsealed.lead-acid.batteries,.topping.up.o.water.

and.veriying.state.o.charge

. Storing.batteries.in.ventilated.enclosures.due.to.o-gassing

InSurAnCE & SAFETY rECOMMEnDATIOnS

Isace:.Many.homeowner.insurance.policies.can.be.extended.to.insure.against.a.liability.brought.about.by.damage.or.injury.caused.by.a.wind.turbine.The.wind.turbine.itsel.can.be.protected.by.insurance.coverage.against.damage.as.a.result.o.re,.lightning,.ice.or.thet.Checkwith.your.agent.or.specics

Saety:.To.minimize.the.likelihood.o.damage.or.injury,.consider.reserving.a.set-back.distance.o.at.least.one.tower.height.rom.property.

lines.and.structures,.and.including.an.anti-climb.device.on.the.wind.turbine.tower.Other.recommendations:

. Peiodic towe check:.Guy-cable.tension,.clips,.and.attachments.should.all.be.checked.periodically.For.truss.towers,.periodically.check.or.nuts.and.bolts.at.the.bottom.o.the.tower

. Towe saety:.It.is.always.saest.to.work.on.your.machine.on.the.ground.Where.possible,.a.tilt-down.tower.that.can.be.lowered.to.the.ground.or.service.is.recommended.However.a.tilt-down.tower.still.requires.training.and.special.equipmentto.lower;.even.a.1.kW.turbine.requires.1,500.lbs.o.orce.Small.wind.turbines.that.require.climbing.should.have.a.work.

platorm,.a.all-arrest.system.and.all-arrest.anchorages.to.be.worked.on.saely.No.one.should.lower.or.climb.a.wind.turbinetower.without.training.in.tower.saety

. Bolt tbie beoe wokig o it.A.through-bolt.or.equivalent.should.be.used.to.lock.the.wind.turbines.rotor.and.to.lock.the.wind.turbine.in.yaw.beore.anyone.works.on.the.turbine.atop.the.tower.i.possible

.


14/161

Contact your planning departmentor permitting agency

. Are.small.wind.energy.systems.specically.addressed.in.municipal.by-laws?.Are.they.considered.a.permitted.or.accessory.use.(subject.to.certain.requirements)?.Or,.do.they.require.a.special.use.permit?.

. Learn.the.relevant.permitting.procedures,.including.applicable.orms.and.where.to.obtain.them,.notication.or.hearings.required.(i.any),.inspections,.etc.

. What.documents.will.you.need?.Will.you.need.to.submit.plans.rom.a.consulting.engineer,.or.will.documentation.rom.the.turbine.manuacturer.or.dealer.do?.

Review the applicable standards

and restrictions

CanWEA.recommends:

. Minimum.property.size:.01.ha.(025.acre).or.towers.up.to.25.m.(80.t);.02.ha.(05.acre).or.taller.tower.heights,.typically.wind.turbines.larger.than.100.kW;.subject.to.the.setback.requirements.described.below

. Maximum.tower.height:.no.limit.other.than.where.it.cannot.be.accommodated.within.lot.lines

. Setback:.1.tower.height.rom.property.line,.all.inhabited.dwellings.and.power.lines

. Sound.levels:.mean.sound.pressure.level.value.not.to.exceed.6.decibels.(dBA).above.background.sound,.as.measured.at.exterior.o.closest.neighbouring.inhabited.dwelling.(or.wind.speeds.>10.m/s).

. Equipment:.approved.by.CanWEA-recognized.small.wind.certication.program.(once.in.place)

. Building.code.compliance:.manuacturer.documentation.o.International.Building.Code.compliance

. Electric.code.compliance:.line.drawing.showing.conormance.with.existing.electrical.codes.and.applicable.authority.(eg.Electrical.Saety.Authority.in.Ontario)

. Navigation.Canada.requirements:.Transport.Canada.must.

be.notied.o.location.(latitude/longitude).and.height.o.all.wind.turbine.installations;.applicant.must.comply.with.any.requirements.

Communicate with your neighbours

Local.planners.oten.advise.applicants.to.notiy.their.neighbours.

beore.proceeding.with.installing.a.wind.turbine.Small.wind.turbine.manuacturers.also.recommend.early.notication.o.neighbours.That.courtesy.will.in.many.cases.correct.misperceptions.and.head.o.potentopposition.A.simple.letter.can.answer.most.questions.neighbours.haveabout.a.proposed.small.wind.turbine,.correct.misperceptions.and.let.youneighbours.know.you.have.properly.researched.the.project.(See.sampleletter.on.page.8)

Plan your purchase and installation. Customers.are.encouraged.to.get.quotes.rom.at.least.three.

installers

. For.grid-connected.systems:.Notiy.electric.utility.and.secure.interconnection.agreement.(i.required).in.conormance.with.requirements.established.by.local.utility

. For.o-grid.systems:.These.should.be.installed.or.inspected.bya.contractor.qualied.by.the.provincial.or.territorial.electrical.authority.(eg,.the.Electrical.Saety.Authority.in.Ontario)

Environmental review. Projects.located.on.public.lands.are.subject.to.an.

Environmental.Assessment.(EA).Most.small-scale.wind.turbines.receive.a.negative.declaration,.meaning.they.have.no.signicant.adverse.environmental.impact

Permitting ees and timetable. Building.permit.and.special.use.permit.ees.vary.CanWEA.

recommends.that.ees.not.exceed.$50.

. I.a.particular.ee.seems.excessive.or.inappropriate.or.your.situation,.nd.out.the.basis.or.the.ee.You.may.be.able.to.avoid.it.or.have.it.reduced

. The.timetable.or.processing.small.wind.turbine.permit.applications.is.typically.about.6.weeks.rom.the.time.the.permand.all.required.documentation.are.led

.

Permitting Checklist or Small Wind Customers


15/161

Aemomete..Wind.speed.measurement.equipment,.installed.on.a.tower.typically.30-70.m.tall,.usually.connected.to.a.data.recorder.to.track.the.wind.speed.over.a.length.o.time.(eg,.1.year).

Aal Aveage Wid Speed (AWS)..The.average.o.all.instantaneous.wind.speeds.or.a.location.over.the.course.o.a.year

Balace o System (BOS)..The.equipment.beyond.the.standard.wind.turbine.and.tower.required.to.install.a.complete.wind.system

Ct-i wid speed .Lowest.speed.(at.hub.height).at.which.the.turbine.starts.to.produce.power

Ct-ot wid speed..Maximum.hub.height.wind.speed.at.which.the.wind.turbine.is.designed.to.stop.producing.power

Demad..The.amount.o.electricity.drawn.rom.an.electric.system.at.a.given.time,.generally.measured.in.kilowatts

Distace to dwelligs..Some.jurisdictions.set.dierent.requirements.or.dwellings.than.or.non-habitable.structures.such.as.silos.or.storage.sheds,.requiring.a.dierent.minimum.distance.between.the.turbine.

and.dwellings.located.on.the.owners.property.versus.dwellings.on.neighbouring.properties

Distibted Geeatio..A.small-scale.power.generation.technology.that.provides.electric.power.at.a.site.closer.to.customers.than.central.station.generation.The.term.is.commonly.used.to.indicate.non-utility.sources.o.electricity,.including.acilities.or.sel-generation

Eegy cve.-.A.graph.indicating.how.much.electricity.(in.kWh).a.wind.turbine.will.produce.at.given.wind.speeds.Energy.production.is.presented.on.the.vertical.axis;.wind.speed.on.the.horizontal.axis.

Fee-stadig towe..A.tower.that.does.not.use.guy.wires.or.other.external.supports

Gy acho..Foundation.designed.or.guy.wire.connection

Gy cable..Cable.or.wire.used.as.a.tension.support.between.a.guy.anchor.and.a.tower

Gyed towe..A.tower.that.utilizes.external.guy.supports

HAWT..Horizontal.Axis.Wind.Turbine.

Hb..The.xture.or.attaching.the.blades.or.blade.assembly.o.a.horizontal.axis.wind.turbine.to.the.rotor.shat

Itecoectio..The.process.and.regulations.or.physically.connecting.your.small.wind.turbine.to.the.electrical.grid.via.your.utility

Kilowatt (kW)..The.basic.unit.o.electrical.energy,.equal.to.1,000.

Watts.Average.household.demand.is.10.to.15.kW

Kilowatt-ho (kWh)..A.unit.o.energy.o.work.equal.to.1,000.Watt-hours.The.basic.measure.o.electricity.generation.or.use.A.100-Watt.light.bulb.burning.or.10.hours.uses.one.kilowatt-hour.Average.household.energy.use.is.10,000.kWh.per.year

Load..The.amount.o.energy.drawn.at.a.specic.time.rom.an.electric.system,.or.the.total.energy.drawn.rom.the.system.Peak.load.is.the.amount.o.energy.drawn.at.the.time.o.highest.demand

nacelle..The.housing.which.contains.the.drive-train,.generator.and.other.elements.on.top.o.a.horizontal.axis.wind.turbine.tower

net meteig / et billig..The.administrative.and.billing.agreement(net.metering.agreement).or.sel.generation.in.parallel.with.the.grid.to.track.and.bill.the.electricity.you.use.and.the.electricity.you.store.onthe.grid,.allowing.you.to.run.your.electrical.meter.backwards.i.your.turbine.generates.more.than.your.acility.is.consuming.Note.that.undnet.metering,.you.will.not.typically.be.paid.or.excess.electricity.-.you.will.only.be.allowed.to.store.it.on.the.grid.or.a.certain.period.o.tim

Powe cve.-.A.graph.indicating.how.much.power.(in.watts.or.kilowatts).a.wind.turbine.will.produce.at.given.wind.speeds.Power.is.presented.on.the.vertical.axis;.wind.speed.on.the.horizontal.axis.

Popety lie setback..The.required.minimum.distance.rom.the.baso.the.tower.to.the.nearest.property.line.

Pblic saety cosideatios..Include.such.actors.as.the.structuralintegrity.o.the.turbine.tower.and.equipment,.electrical.saety.requirements,.air.trac.saety,.etc

rated ameplate capacity..The.maximum.rated.output.o.electric.power.production.equipment.This.output,.in.Watts.or.kW,.is.typically.

specied.by.the.manuacturer.with.the.wind.turbines.nameplate.rating

rated powe..Wind.turbines.reach.their.rated.or.nominal.power.attheir.rated.wind.speed.in.meters.per.second.(m/s).Rated.power.is.nosynonymous.with.peak.power,.though.they.are.occasionally.the.same.Rated.power.and.peak.power.are.just.two.points.on.a.power.curve.[Paul.Gipe,.wwwwind-worksorg/articles/PowerCurveshtml]

roto speed..Rate.o.rotation.o.the.rotor.blades.about.the.turbine.ax

roto-swept aea..Area.o.the.disk.described.by.the.rotating.rotor.blades.The.main.actors.determining.how.much.power.a.turbine.will.produce.are.the.average.wind.speed.at.hub.height.and.the.rotor-swep

area,.which.is.based.on.the.diameter.o.the.rotorSod..Generally.measured.in.dB(A),.or.A-weighted.decibels.to.compensate.or.the.human.ears.sensitivity.over.a.range.o.requenciesIt.is.important.to.distinguish.between.sound.power.level,.which.is.a.measure.o.source.strength,.and.sound.pressure.level,.which.is.a.measure.o.the.sound.level.at.a.receptor.(eg,.a.neighbours.house)

Total system height .The.height.rom.ground.level.to.the.tip.o.the.rotor.at.its.highest.point

Towe height..The.height.above-grade.o.the.xed.portion.o.the.winturbine.tower,.excluding.the.wind.turbine.and.rotor.

Tbie..A.device.or.converting.the.fow.o.a.fuid.(air,.steam,.water,.ohot.gases).into.mechanical.motion.that.in.turn.produces.electricity

VAWT..Vertical.Axis.Wind.Turbine

Visal impact..Because.turbines.are.mounted.on.tall.towers,.they.oten.are.visible.rom.beyond.the.property.line.The.impact.o.a.small.turbines.visibility.depends.on.the.landscape.setting,.the.points.rom.which.it.would.be.viewed,.and.the.attitudes.o.those.whose.views.would.be.aected

Watt..A.unit.o.electrical.energy

Glossary

2.Many.o.these.denitions.were.developed.by.Windustry,.wwwwindustryorg/resources/glossaryhtm.


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Worksheet Local Contact & Dealer Inormation

Popety Addess: Property.Size.(acres):

Local Plaig

Agecy cotact ame:

Phone:. Fax/Email:

Aal Load (kWh): Peak Load (kW):

Electic utility Compay: Accot #:

utility Itecoectio cotact ame: . . .

Phone:. Fax/Email:

Tbie Make/Model:

Deale 1 Deale 2 Deale 3

Deale name:. . .

. Address:. . .

. Phone:.. .

. Fax/Email:. . .

. Contact.person:. . .

Yeas i bsiess

Qalifcatios/Backgod. . .

. Familiar.with.local.electrical.requirements. . .

. Member.o.CanWEA?. . .

. Reerences. . .

. Experience.satisactory?. . .

. Insurance.documented. . .

Techical picig details available?

System maal available

Sevices oeed:. . .

. Installation?. . .

. Warranty.support?. . .

. Maintenance?. . .

Pice

Paymet Optios

Geeal Commets ad Obsevatios

use this woksheet to fll i local iomatio sch as the ames ad phoe mbes o the local plaig agecy ad tilityitecoectio cotacts as well as o compaig deales.

Documents

Small Wind Turbines Final