EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OBTAINED IN SMALL WIND TURBINES TEST PLANT

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OBTAINED IN SMALL WIND TURBINES TEST

PLANT. NEW PROPOSALS FOR THE

MEASUREMENTS

Luis Cano Santa Bárbara

CIEMAT-CEDER (Spain)

EWEC, Marseille, 19-Mar-092/22

INDEX

• Background.

• CIEMAT’s SWT activities.

o National R&D Project. (PSE Miniéolica).

o Results.

o Analysis.

• Proposals to the measurements.

• Conclusions.


BACKGROUND

• CIEMAT’s SWT activities is being carried out since 1998.

• Capacities:o Power Performance Test (in accordance with IEC 61400-121).o Noise Emission Test (in accordance with IEC 61400-11).o Duration Test. (in accordance with IEC 61400-2).o Safety and Function Test. (in accordance with IEC 61400-2).o SWT Components Test (p.e. Blades, generator, etc).o Other tests interesting for the SWT research.

• Hybrid systems based on Small Wind Turbines. Evaluation, study and design control strategies (PV-Wind and Wind Diesel systems).


FACILITIES

•Test Facility Phase I, (PEPA I) SWT up to 6 kW.

•Test Facility Phase II, (PEPA II) SWT up to 20 kW.

•Test Facility Phase III, (PEPA II) SWT up to 100 kW. (under construction).

• Blades Test Bench. Nominal length: 1 to 10 m.

• Generators Test Bench. Up to 100 kW (under construction).

• New building for the study of SWT integration in the architecture (under construction).


FACILITIES: PEPA I

100 m height anemometer mast. Wind pumping system. Wind-diesel system. Central building. 4 Test positions.

Wind Pumping

Wind-diesel system

100m Mast

Central building

Battery bank: up to 300 V. Uninterrupted Monitored System : up to 128 channels. Different Loads to simulate consumes.Inverters/chargers: SWT test versatility.


FACILITIES: PEPA II

Inverter Test. Study of Isolated Hybrid Systems or connected to Weak Grids. Possibility of installation, design and characterization of new systems based on Wind Energy: desalination, wind-hydrogen, etc. Study of quality of energy in generators connected to the grid. 5 Test Positions up to 20 kW.


FACILITIES: PEPA III

Wind Turbines Grid integration. Possibility of installation, design and characterization of new systems based on Wind Energy: desalination, wind-hydrogen, etc. 8 Test Positions up to 200 kW.


FACILITIES: BLADE TEST BENCH

Static Test. Proper Frequencies Study. Fatigue Test (under construction).

Blades from 3 to 10 m

Blades from 1 to 3 m


FACILITIES: GENERATORS TEST BENCH

Different test to generators in accordance with Standards IEC 60034. Efficiency. Voltage-Current Curves.

Drive motor

Control and monitoring system

Small GeneratorTorque measurement

Electronic Loads


FACILITIES: NEW BUILDING

Vibrations and noise. Study of the behaviors of SWT on the rooftops. Comparison and demonstration of different technologies.


National R&D Project. PSE- MINIEOLICA

Objective• Reduce the installed cost of SWT to 1500 €/kW. (p.e. large series manufacturing, fast blades manufacturing process, development of control systems, inverters, etc.). • Energy production cost 10-15 c€/kWh with wind speed of 5-6 to 10 m/s.•Increase the SWT reliability to achieve a 90% of availability. • Dynamize the SWT market. Target. 100 MW installed in a medium period.• Establish the certification and homologation procedures and centers.• Rise the Spanish SWT exportations.


National R&D Project. PSE- MINIEOLICASubprojects in which CIEMAT is involved:

• SP 1.2:Active yaw power regulation SWT.• SP 1.3: Development of high performance and low cost SWT of 25/50/75 kW, with pitch control and variable speed. • SP 2.1: Design and Evaluation of Rotors.• SP 2.2: Development of multipurpose systems to regulate, control and supervise SWT generation systems.• SP 3.1: Measure and Test all the Spanish commercial SWT’s.• SP 3.2: EOLMAP. Spanish Wind Map for SWT installers and end users.• SP 3.6: SWT’s Standardization.



SP 3.1: Measure and Test all the Spanish commercial SWT’s.

SWT Power Performance Noise Duration Safety

Bornay 1500/24 On going

Bornay 3000/48 On going

Windeco VENTO 5000/48 On going

Bornay 3000/24 On going - - -

Solener VELTER III On going - - -

Solener VELTER X On going - - -



Results: Bornay Inclin Neo 1500

POWER PERFORMANCE

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

WIND SPEED (m/s)

PO

WE

R (

W)

HIGH UNCERATINTY

SOME POINTS ARE OUT FIGURE



Results: Bornay Inclin Neo 3000

POWER PERFORMANCE

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

WIND SPEED (m/s)

PO

WE

R (

W)

DOUBLE REGULATION?

LESS UNCERTAINTY



Results: WINDECO VENTO 5000

POWER PERFORMANCE

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

WIND SPEED (m/s)

PO

WE

R (

W)

POWER PERFORMANCE

0

250

500

750

1000

1250

1500

1750

2000

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

WIND SPEED (m/s)

PO

WE

R (

W)

BAD CONTROL

STRATEGY



Analysis:

• Significant variations has been detected between the measurements obtain and the expected ones (above all in the AEP curve).• It’s important to define quite well the regulation system in case of active control.• The results in noise emissions should be better in case of a massive installation.• A vibration analysis could be recommended in case of mounting over rooftops.


Proposals

Background

1. It seem that the results are nor exactly what it’s expected.

2. That could mean, there would be several variables don’t take into account (p.e. turbulence, obstacles, etc).

3. AEP Curve is one the most important data for the costumers.

4. The results in these curves are very uncertain in low wind speed.

5. The cost of tests are very high for the manufacturer.


Proposal

• The SWT labeling could be a very good idea for the market.

•In this way, it should be necessary international initiatives, for example the IEC WG2 for 61400-2 new edition and IEA Task 27 liaison to get better procedures to certificate and labeling future SWT.

• Fitting curves in all the tests could be an interesting possibility to reduce the cost.• Noise emission test defined in the IEC 61400-11 is defined to Wind Farms, not in an urban site (p.e.)


0 (U)p(U)dUWPWP

3PEW UρAC

21

P

k1k

cU

expcU

ck

p(u)

Proposal

Fitting curves. One line of work.

Average wind machine power

Electrical power

Weibull probability density

n

0

iiPE UBC

i

Test obtained

i)3kΓ(cBAkc0.5Pn

0i

ii

3W


Conclusions

• CIEMAT is making significant efforts to promote the increase of the reliability of Spanish commercial SWT.• Some new initiatives to produce advanced local wind turbines in a range around 100 kW are being widely considered.• It should be needed to focus more investigations on the measurements of the SWT’s and their components.• It’s necessary to develop new tools for the manufacturers training. •The actual measurement procedures should be more reliable. An important way for research is opened.•An effort on the standardization and/or labeling to carry out a friendly useful output for the end user and it should be made in a short period of time.


THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR ATTENTION

CEDER-CIEMATLUIS CANO.

[email protected]

Tel. +34975281013 Ext 324

Autovía A-15. Salida 56

42290 Lubia. SORIA

(SPAIN)

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EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OBTAINED IN SMALL WIND TURBINES TEST PLANT