Small Arms and Dismounted Infantry Small Arms and Dismounted Infantry Modeling with the Infantry Warrior Modeling with the Infantry Warrior

Simulation (IWARS)Simulation (IWARS)

Alicia Alicia BorgmanBorgman

General Dynamics Information TechnologyGeneral Dynamics Information Technology

NDIA Small Arms SymposiumNDIA Small Arms Symposium

May 2007May 2007

Objectives

IWARS OverviewModeling Approach

EquipmentBehavior

IWARS Output and AnalysisModeling Challenges

IWARS is…Software Army Technology Objective…Constructive, agent-based, force-on-force combat simulation…Focused on individual and small-unit dismounted combatants and their equipment…Used to assess operational effectiveness across a spectrum of missions, environments and threats.

IWARS OverviewWhat is IWARS?

Through V&V and Sensitivity Analysis, IWARS Version 1.0 found suitable for use in direct-fire, small-unit engagement analyses:

Soldier Sensor PerformanceSoldier Small-arms LethalitySoldier SurvivabilitySituational Awareness / Battle Command (Limited)

IWARS V1.0 approved by the Army’s V&V agency for small arms RDA analyses and adopted by Army and international community

IWARS OverviewV1.0 Applications

IWARS Entities Perform

Individual and Small-

unit Missions

CP1

CP2

CP3

CP4

CURRENT AREA OF

OPERATIONS

SP

• CONDUCT TACTICAL ROAD MARCH

SCHEDULED HALT

TRAIL PARTY RECOVERS DISABLED

VEHICLE(S)CROSS CONTAMINATED

AREA

REACT TO AMBUSH ROAD NOT BLOCKED

URBAN AREA

REACT TO AIR ATTACK

• ANAYLZE MISSION • COORDINATE SUPPORT • DEPLOY ADVANCE PARTY • PLAN MOVE

UNSCHEDULED HALT

OCCUPY NEW AREA OF

OPERATIONS

SUP

• SET UP AREA • SET UP DEFENSE • CONDUCT SUPPLY OPERATIONS

PROVIDE SUPPLIES

RP

C

MISSION PROFILEEquipment

Performance Data

Operational Effectiveness of Equipment and

Tactics

Essential Soldier Tasks

IWARS Entity Missions

MoPs

Modeling Approach

Ground soldiers and small unitsUser-defined units – not Army-centric

Equipment Items worn or carried by the WarfighterPlatforms for direct interaction with the Warfighter

E.g., U-UGS, Stryker ICV

Characteristics pertinent to ground soldier missions

Modeling ApproachFocus

BehaviorsUse of Warfighter equipment and employment of tacticsDirect Warfighter interactions with other platformsDecisions and actions required at individual and small unit levels

Modeling ApproachFocus

1. Identify Soldier capabilities to be evaluatedE.g., helmet-mounted fused sensor, NLOS firing capability, information technologies

2. Identify equipment characteristics to modelFocus on elements that help or hinder Warfighter’s mission

Modeling ApproachProcess

3. Research behaviors and processes necessary for Soldier to use capabilities

Field manuals, SMEs, use cases, field experiments, existing dataRequired equipment characteristics include both physical parameters and how the equipment affects the behaviors of the individual and small unit

4. Identify performance data elements and existing methodologies

E.g., weapon accuracy, lethality, sensor range, movement speed, completion time

Modeling ApproachProcess

5. Create flow chart of behavior process, identifying compound activities, actions (primitives), and conditions (rule sets)

Philosophy: as much as possible, use compound activities and keep relatively few primitives –gives user greater flexibility

6. Develop algorithms and code to represent new equipment methodologies, behaviors, and data

Algorithms based on performance characteristics, physics, input from SMEs, FMs, and relevant data

Modeling ApproachProcess

Standard combat simulation MOPsE.g., casualties, rounds fired, round impact locations

Audit trail of entity actions and reasonsActions performed, battlefield conditions at time of action, information on which the entity acted

Data useful for scenario debuggingEnable user to quickly build scenarios with intended flow of activity

Output and AnalysisAvailable Outputs

For Government Use Only 12

Enables user to select desired MOPs and derive MOEsImport all IWARS output data from one or multiple runsFilter and analyze output pertaining to IWARS eventsFurther analysis easily performed in any spreadsheet application

Output and Analysis Output Analysis Tool

Computational complexitySimulating a complex system on a desktop PCSometimes difficult to balance need for “good”representation and fast simulation runs

Most important next-generation product is a moving target

Analysis priorities can change rapidly during development period

Modeling Challenges

Representation of the human systemEach human is differentExisting methodologies often are either too detailed or not detailed enough for our purposes

Availability of dataConceptual next-generation equipment not always well-definedCharacteristics and data difficult to obtain during (and after) hardware development processMethodologies for next-generation tools do not exist, and data does not exist for conceptual items

Modeling Challenges

IWARS…Focus is analysis of ground soldier systems modeling Complex model of individuals and combat environmentContinued development is important to provide RDA analyses of current and future small-arms and small-unit equipment and tacticsRecognized by Army, NATO and others as useful tool for acquisition analysesLeverages existing efforts to enhance the representation of equipment and capabilities of ground soldiers

Summary