Slide 0 Copyright © 2004. Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1.4 Organ Systems of the Body

Slide 1Copyright © 2004. Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved.

1.41.4

Organ Systems of the Body


ObjectiveBell Ringer Questions

• Define and contrast the terms organ and organ systems.

• List the 11 major organ systems of the body.

• Identify and locate the major organs of each major organ system.

• Briefly describe the major functions of each major organ systems


Definitions and ConceptsDefinitions and Concepts

• Organ—a structure made up of two or more kinds of tissues organized in such a way that they can together perform a more complex function than can any tissue alone

• Organ system—a group of organs arranged in such a way that they can together perform a more complex function than can any organ alone

(Cont’d…)


Definitions and ConceptsDefinitions and Concepts

(…Cont’d)

• A knowledge of individual organs and how they are organized into groups makes more meaningful the understanding of how a particular organ system functions as a whole


• Integumentary system Structure—organs

Skin Hair Nails Sense receptors Sweat glands Oil glands

(Cont’d…)

Organ SystemsOrgan Systems



(…Cont’d)

Functions Protection Regulation of body temperature Synthesis of chemicals Sense organ

(Cont’d…)



(…Cont’d)

• Skeletal system Structure

Bones Joints

Functions Support Movement (with joints and muscles) Storage of minerals Blood cell formation

(Cont’d…)



(…Cont’d)

• Muscular system Structure

Muscleso Voluntary or striatedo Involuntary or smootho Cardiac

Functions Movement Maintenance of body posture and BP Production of heat

(Cont’d…)



(…Cont’d)

• Nervous system Structure

Brain Spinal cord Nerves Sense organs

(Cont’d…)



(…Cont’d)

Function Communication Integration Control Recognition of sensory stimuli

System functions by production of nerve impulses caused by stimuli of various types

Control is fast acting and of short duration

(Cont’d…)



(…Cont’d)

• Endocrine system Structure

Pituitary gland Pineal gland Hypothalamus Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Thymus Adrenal glands Pancreas Ovaries (female) Testes (male)

(Cont’d…)



(…Cont’d)

Functions Secretion of special substances called hormones

directly into the blood Same as nervous system—communication,

integration, and control Control is slow and of long duration Examples of hormone regulation

o Growtho Metabolismo Reproductiono Fluid and electrolyte balance

(Cont’d…)


(…Cont’d)

• Cardiovascular (circulatory) system Structure

Heart Blood vessels

Functions Transportation of blood to whole body Regulation of body temperature Immunity (body defense) Removes waste products from blood

(Cont’d…)




(…Cont’d)

• Lymphatic system Structure

Lymph nodes Lymphatic vessels Thymus Spleen

Functions Transportation Immunity (body defense)

(Cont’d…)



(…Cont’d)

• Respiratory system Structure

Nose Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Lungs

(Cont’d…)



(…Cont’d)

Functions Exchange of waste gas (carbon dioxide) for

oxygen in the lungs Area of gas exchange in the lungs called alveoli Filtration of irritants from inspired air Regulation of acid-base balance

(Cont’d…)



(…Cont’d)

• Digestive system Structure

Primary organso Moutho Pharynxo Esophaguso Stomacho Small intestineo Large intestineo Rectumo Anal canal

(Cont’d…)



(…Cont’d)

Accessory organso Teetho Salivary glandso Tongueo Livero Gallbladdero Pancreaso Appendix

(Cont’d…)



(…Cont’d)

Functions Mechanical and chemical breakdown (digestion)

of food Absorption of nutrients Undigested waste product that is eliminated is

called feces Appendix is a structural but not a functional part

of digestive system Inflammation of appendix is called appendicitis

(Cont’d…)



(…Cont’d)

• Urinary system Structure

Kidneys Ureters Urinary bladder Urethra

(Cont’d…)



(…Cont’d)

Functions “Cleaning” or clearing blood of waste products—

waste product excreted from body is called urine Electrolyte balance Water balance Acid-base balance In male, urethra has urinary and reproductive

functions

(Cont’d…)



(…Cont’d)

• Reproductive system Structure

Maleo Gonads—testeso Genital ducts—vas deferens, urethrao Accessory gland—prostateo Supporting structures—genitalia

(Cont’d…)



(…Cont’d)

Femaleo Gonads—ovarieso Accessory organs—uterus, uterine (fallopian)

tubes, vaginao Supporting structures—genitalia, mammary

glands (breasts)

(Cont’d…)



(…Cont’d)

Functions Survival of genes Production of sex cells Development and birth of offspring Nourishment of offspring Production of sex hormones


The EndThe End

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Slide 0 Copyright © 2004. Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1.4 Organ Systems of the Body