National Institutes

of Health

National

Heart, Lung,

and Blood

Institute

NIH Curriculum Supplement Series Grades 9-12

a.m.

a.m. p.m.

p.m.

Department of Health

and Human Services

Sleep, SleepSleep DisorDisor

BiologicalBiological RhythmsRhythms

ders,ders, and

Sleep, Sleep Disorders,Sleep, Sleep Disorders, andand

Biological RhyBiological Rhythmsthms

under a contract from the National Institutes of Health

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

5415 Mark Dabling Boulevard Colorado Springs, Colorado 80918

BSCS Development Team Rodger Bybee, Principal Investigator Mark V. Bloom, Project Director Jerry Phillips, Curriculum Developer Anne L. Westbrook, Curriculum Developer Lynda B. Micikas, Curriculum Developer Sharmila Basu, Curriculum Developer Sherry Herron, Curriculum Developer Wendy Haggren, Curriculum Developer Carrie Zander, Project Assistant Diane Conrad, Project Assistant Karen Bertollini, Project Assistant Raphaela Conner, Project Assistant Doug Coulson, Evaluator Ann Lanari, Research Assistant Barbara Perrin, Production Manager Ric Bascobert, Editor Barbara Resch, Editor Diane Gionfriddo, Photo Research Lisa Rasmussen, Graphic Designer

BSCS Administrative Staff Carlo Parravano, Chair, Board of Directors Rodger W. Bybee, Executive Director Janet Carlson Powell, Associate Director, Chief Science Education

Officer Larry Satkowiak, Associate Director, Chief Operating Officer Pamela Van Scotter, Director, Curriculum Development Division

National Institutes of Health Sue Rogus, Coordinator, Sleep Education Activities,

NIH/NHLBI/NCSDR Carl E. Hunt, Director, NCSDR, NIH/NHLBI/NCSDR Michael Twery, Lead, Sleep and Neurobiology Scientific Research

Group, NIH/NHLBI/DLD Bruce Fuchs, Director, Office of Science Education William Mowczko, Project Officer, Office of Science Education Cindy Allen, Editor, Office of Science Education

SAIC Bach Nguyen, Project Manager Steve Larson, Web Director Doug Green, Project Lead Tommy DAquino, Multimedia Director Paul Ayers, Lead Multimedia Developer John James, Multimedia Developer Jeff Ludden, Multimedia Programmer Dave Nevins, Audio Engineer Jessica Butter, Senior Web Developer Katie Riley, Web Developer

Edge Interactive Staff Terry Wallace, Senior Project Manager Liz Bernel, Senior Instructional Designer George Rosales, Art Director Bill Bolduc, Software Development Manager Mark Stevens, Multimedia Engineer Greg Banse, Multimedia Engineer

Advisory Committee Charles Amlaner, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana Michael Dougherty, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney,

Virginia Timothy Re, Sun Valley High School, Monroe, North Carolina Timothy Roehrs, Sleep Disorders Center, Henry Ford Hospital,

Detroit, Michigan Amita Sehgal, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of

Pennsylvania Medical School, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Writing Team Charles Amlaner, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana Robert Greene, Harvard Medical School, Brockton, Massachusetts Michael Hanson, Tahoma High School, Kent, Washington Greg Nichols, New Options Middle School, Seattle, Washington Naomi Rogers, University of Pennsylvania Medical School,

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Carol Thibodeau, Caribou High School, Caribou, Maine

Field-Test Teachers Amy Lee, King Kekaulike High School, Pukalani, Hawaii Christina Booth, Woodbine High School, Woodbine, Iowa Frank LaBanca, Stamford High School, Stamford, Connecticut Jeff Padgett, Arlee High School, Arlee, Montana Lisa Minkin, Bell High School, Bell, California Sanford Herzon, Watkins Mill High School, Gaithersburg, Maryland

Concept Development Panel Mary Carskadon, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence,

Rhode Island David Dinges, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine,

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania David Gozal, University of Louisville School of Medicine,

Louisville, Kentucky Phyllis Zee, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago,

Illinois

Cover Design Karen Cook, Medical Arts and Photography Branch, National

Institutes of Health

Cover Illustration Martha Blalock, Medical Arts and Photography Branch, National

Institutes of Health

FIGURE CREDITS Teacher Background 3: Dr. Timothy Roehers, Sleep Disorders Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Mich.; 6: Data from Roffwarg et al. (1966). Ontogenetic development of the human sleep-dream cycle. Science, 152: 604619.

Pre-Lesson Activity 0.1: PhotoDisc

Lesson 1 1.0: 2003 www.clipart.com

Lesson 2 2.1: NASA; 2.2: Dr. Timothy Roehers, Sleep Disorders Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Mich.; Master 2.1: 2003 www. clipart.com; Master 2.3, Master 2.4, Master 2.5 (EEG, EOG, EMG data): Dr. Timothy Roehers, Sleep Disorders Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Mich.; Master 2.6ac: Edge Interactive

Lesson 3 3.1a, b: Corel; Master 3.1, Master 3.2: 2003 www.clipart.com; Master 3.3, Master 3.4: SAIC

Lesson 4 4.1: Dr. Kimberly Cote, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada; 4.2: Vital Signs, Inc.; Master 4.1: 2003 www.clipart.com

Lesson 5 5.1: Corel

This material is based on work supported by the National Institutes of Health under Contract No. 263-99-C-0031. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the funding agency.

Copyright 2003 by BSCS. All rights reserved. You have the permission of BSCS to reproduce items in this module for your classroom use. The copyright on this module, however, does not cover reproduction of these items for any other use. For permissions and other rights under this copyright, please contact BSCS, 5415 Mark Dabling Blvd., Colorado Springs, CO 80918-3842; www.bscs.org; info@bscs.org; (719) 531-5550.

NIH Publication No. 04-4989

ISBN: 1-929614-08-X

mailto:info@bscs.orghttp:www.bscs.orghttp:www.clipart.comhttp:www.clipart.comhttp:clipart.comhttp:www.clipart.com

ContentsContents

Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v

About the National Institutes of Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii

About the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

Introduction to Sleep, Sleep Disorders, and Biological Rhythms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 What Are the Objectives of the Module? Why Teach the Module? Whats in It for the Teacher?

Implementing the Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 What Are the Goals of the Module? What Are the Science Concepts and How Are They Connected? How Does the Module Correlate to the National Science Education Standards?

Content Standards: Grades 912 Teaching Standards Assessment Standards

How Does the 5E Instructional Model Promote Active, Collaborative, Inquiry-Based Learning? Engage Explore Explain Elaborate Evaluate

How Does the Module Support Ongoing Assessment? How Can Teachers Promote Safety in the Science Classroom? How Can Controversial Topics Be Handled in the Classroom?

Using the Student Lessons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Format of the Lessons Timeline for the Module

Using the Web Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Hardware/Software Requirements Getting the Most out of the Web Site Collaborative Groups Web Activities for Students with Disabilities

Information about Sleep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2 Misconceptions about Sleep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3 Major Concepts Related to the Biology of Sleep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

3.1 Sleep is a dynamic process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3.2 Physiological changes during sleep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 3.3 Sleep and the brain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3.4 Sleep patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

3.5 Biological clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 3.6 Homeostasis and sleep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 3.7 Dreams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 3.8 Functions of sleep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 3.9 Evolution of sleep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 3.10 Sleep loss and wakefulness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .